WO2021000455A1 - 空穴传输材料及其制备方法、电致发光器件 - Google Patents

空穴传输材料及其制备方法、电致发光器件 Download PDF

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WO2021000455A1
WO2021000455A1 PCT/CN2019/112000 CN2019112000W WO2021000455A1 WO 2021000455 A1 WO2021000455 A1 WO 2021000455A1 CN 2019112000 W CN2019112000 W CN 2019112000W WO 2021000455 A1 WO2021000455 A1 WO 2021000455A1
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hole transport
layer
transport material
hole
raw material
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罗佳佳
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武汉华星光电半导体显示技术有限公司
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    • C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
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    • C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
    • C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
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    • C09K2211/1025—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands
    • C09K2211/1044—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands containing two nitrogen atoms as heteroatoms
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    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
    • H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
    • H10K50/14—Carrier transporting layers
    • H10K50/15—Hole transporting layers
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    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
    • H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
    • H10K50/14—Carrier transporting layers
    • H10K50/15—Hole transporting layers
    • H10K50/157—Hole transporting layers between the light-emitting layer and the cathode

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the fields of displays and the like, in particular to a hole transport material, a hole transport material and a preparation method thereof, and an electroluminescent device.
  • Organic light-emitting diodes do not require a backlight for active light emission, have high luminous efficiency, large viewing angle, fast response speed, large temperature adaptation range, relatively simple production and processing technology, and low driving voltage , Low energy consumption, lighter and thinner, flexible display and other advantages and huge application prospects have attracted the attention of many researchers.
  • OLED the light-emitting guest material that plays a leading role is very important.
  • the light-emitting guest materials used in early OLEDs were fluorescent materials. Since the ratio of singlet and triplet excitons in OLEDs is 1:3, the theoretical internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of OLEDs based on fluorescent materials can only reach 25%.
  • heavy metal complex phosphorescent materials can simultaneously use singlet and triplet excitons to achieve 100% IQE.
  • the commonly used heavy metals are all precious metals such as Ir and Pt, and the phosphorescent materials of heavy metal complexes still need a breakthrough in blue light materials.
  • the hole transport material is the thickest layer, and its energy level and hole mobility have always been contradictory. It is urgent to develop hole transport materials with matching energy levels and high mobility.
  • the present invention provides a hole transport material, a preparation method thereof, and an electroluminescent device, which effectively solves the problem that the energy level and hole mobility of currently used top emission OLED devices have always been contradictory.
  • the present invention provides a hole transport material, which is a compound having the general structural formula of formula (I):
  • R1 and R2 are organic groups.
  • R1 is selected from any one or a combination of the following organic groups:
  • the R2 is selected from any one or more combinations of the following organic groups:
  • the present invention also provides a method for preparing a hole transport material, which includes the following steps: a reaction solution configuration step, placing the first raw material containing the general formula (II), the second raw material containing the R2 group and the catalyst in a strong base Obtain the reaction liquid in the environmental reaction vessel;
  • the hole transport material synthesis step a full reaction is carried out at 110-130°C for 13-25 hours to obtain a mixed solution with the hole transport material; in the extraction step, the mixed solution is cooled to room temperature, and the mixed solution is extracted. The hole transport material in the solution obtains a mixture; in the separation and purification step, the mixture obtained in the extraction step is separated and purified to obtain a white powder, to obtain the hole transport material having the general structural formula (I) material;
  • R1 and R2 are organic groups; X represents Cl, Br or I.
  • R1 is selected from any one or a combination of the following organic groups:
  • the R2 is selected from any one or more combinations of the following organic groups:
  • the second raw material containing the R2 group is at least one of carbazole, phenoxazine, and N,N-dimethylacridine; the catalyst is palladium acetate and tri-tert-butylphosphine tetrafluoro Borate; the strong base is sodium tert-butoxide.
  • the molar ratio of the first raw material to the second raw material is 1:1-1:3.
  • the first raw material, the second raw material, the palladium acetate, and the tri-tert-butylphosphine tetrafluoroborate are first placed in the reaction vessel , And then put the reaction vessel into a glove box with an argon atmosphere through a transition chamber, add the sodium tert-butoxide into the glove box, and add toluene that is dewatered and deoxygenated to obtain the reaction liquid.
  • the extraction step includes: pouring the mixed solution into an ice-water mixture, and adding dichloromethane for multiple extractions; after multiple extractions, the organic phases are combined to obtain the mixture; the separation and purification step
  • the method includes: using a developing agent to purify the mixture by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the hole transport material; wherein, the developing agent in the silica gel column chromatography method is dichloromethane and n-hexane, and The volume ratio of dichloromethane and the n-alkane is 1:3.
  • the molar ratio of the first raw material, the second raw material, the palladium acetate, the tri-tert-butylphosphine tetrafluoroborate, and the sodium tert-butoxide is 1:1.2:0.08:0.24: 1.2.
  • the present invention also provides an electroluminescent device, comprising: a substrate layer; a hole injection layer provided on one side surface of the substrate layer; a hole transport layer provided on the hole injection layer away from the substrate layer One side surface; an electron blocking layer, arranged on the surface of the hole transport layer away from the hole injection layer; a light emitting layer, arranged on the surface of the electron blocking layer away from the hole transport layer; holes A blocking layer is provided on the surface of the light-emitting layer on the side away from the electron blocking layer; an electron transport layer is provided on the surface of the hole-blocking layer and the light-emitting layer is away from the light-emitting layer; an electron injection layer is provided on the surface The surface of the electron transport layer is far from the hole blocking layer; the translucent electrode is provided on the surface of the electron injection layer far from the electron transport layer; the light outcoupling layer is provided on the surface of the translucent electrode far from the One side surface of the electron injection layer; wherein the material used for the hole transport layer is the above hole transport material.
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention are: based on the bridged dihydrophenazine, a series of hole transport materials with suitable HOMO/LUMO energy levels are synthesized through the matching design of different functional groups, and the mobility of the hole transport layer is improved; The luminous efficiency of organic electroluminescent devices.
  • Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for synthesizing a hole transport material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electroluminescent device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a hole transport material, which is a compound having the general structural formula of formula (I):
  • R1 and R2 are organic groups.
  • the R1 is selected from any one or more combinations of the following organic groups:
  • the R2 is selected from any one or more combinations of the following organic groups:
  • FIG. 1 shows the method for preparing the hole transport material of the present invention.
  • the hole transport material of the present invention includes the following steps: S10 reaction solution configuration, S20 hole transport material synthesis, S30 extraction, and S40 separation and purification.
  • Step S10 reaction solution configuration step, mixing the first raw material containing structural formula (II) and the second raw material containing R2 at a molar ratio of 1:1-1:3, adding a catalyst and placing it in a strong alkaline environment for reaction In the container, a reaction solution is obtained;
  • the R1 is selected from any one or more combinations of the following organic groups:
  • the R2 is selected from any one or more combinations of the following organic groups:
  • the imino raw material containing the R2 group is at least one of carbazole, phenoxazine, and N,N-dimethylacridine; the catalyst is palladium acetate and tri-tert-butylphosphine tetrafluoroborate ;
  • the strong base is sodium tert-butoxide.
  • the sodium tert-butoxide as a strong base, is widely used in condensation, rearrangement and ring opening reactions in chemical, pharmaceutical, pesticide and organic synthesis; because the sodium tert-butoxide is highly flammable and reacts violently in water, etc. Performance, the sodium tert-butoxide is usually stored in a glove box with an inert atmosphere.
  • the palladium acetate reacts with the tri-tert-butylphosphine tetrafluoroborate to produce tri-tert-butylphosphine palladium.
  • the tri-tert-butylphosphine palladium is relatively active and difficult to store, but it is an important catalyst for this reaction .
  • the specific steps for preparing the reaction solution are as follows. First, the first raw material containing the R1 group, the second raw material containing the R2 group, the palladium acetate and the tri-tert-butylphosphine tetrafluoroborate are placed in In the reaction vessel, the reaction vessel is then passed through the transition chamber to the glove box, and finally the sodium tert-butoxide is weighed in the glove box.
  • Step S20 synthesis of hole transport material, fully react at 110-130°C for 13-25 hours to obtain a mixed solution with the hole transport material, in order to ensure the activity and safety of the catalyst and the sodium tert-butoxide Performance, the reaction process is carried out in a glove box.
  • Step S30 extraction, the reaction solution is poured into an ice-water mixture, and dichloromethane is added for multiple extractions; after multiple extractions, the organic phases are combined to obtain a mixture.
  • Step S40 separation and purification, the mixture is purified by silica gel column chromatography using a developing agent, and the obtained mixture is separated and purified to obtain a white powder, which is the hole transport material; and the developing agent is two Chloromethane and n-hexane, the volume ratio of the dichloromethane and the n-hexane is 1:3.
  • the purification step obtains the hole transport material having the general structural formula (I);
  • X represents Cl, Br or I
  • the R1 is selected from any one or more combinations of the following organic groups:
  • the R2 is selected from any one or more combinations of the following organic groups:
  • the present invention provides a method for preparing a hole material, the synthesis route is as follows:
  • the synthesis steps include: reaction solution preparation step S10, adding the first raw material (3.34g, 5mmol), carbazole (1.00g, 6mmol), palladium acetate (0.09g, 0.4mmol) and tri-tert-butyl phosphine to a 250mL reaction vessel Tetrafluoroborate (0.34g, 1.2mmol), and then put the reaction vessel into the glove box through the transition chamber.
  • the inner atmosphere of the glove box is argon atmosphere, and sodium tert-butoxide (NaOt-Bu 0.58g , 6mmol) was added to the reaction vessel in the glove box, and 100 mL of toluene that had been dewatered and deoxygenated was added to the reaction vessel to obtain a reaction solution.
  • the reaction vessel is reacted at 120° C. for 24 hours to obtain a mixed solution.
  • the reaction process is carried out in a glove box.
  • the mixed solution is cooled to room temperature and poured into 200 mL of ice water, and extracted with dichloromethane three times to obtain a mixture.
  • the mixture obtained in the extraction step is combined with the organic phases, spun into silica gel, and separated and purified by column chromatography (dichloromethane: n-hexane, v: v, 1:3) to obtain 3.0 g of white powder, which is The hole transport material.
  • the hole transport material produced by this method has a yield of 79%, MS (EI) m/z: [M] + : 755.21.
  • the present invention provides a method for preparing a hole material, the synthesis route is as follows:
  • the synthesis steps include: reaction solution preparation step S10, adding raw material 1 (3.34g, 5mmol), phenoxazine (1.10g, 6mmol), palladium acetate (0.09g, 0.4mmol) and tri-tert-butyl phosphine to a 250mL reaction vessel Tetrafluoroborate (0.34g, 1.2mmol), then pass the reaction vessel through the transition chamber into the glove box, the inner atmosphere of the glove box is argon atmosphere, and again sodium tert-butoxide (NaOt-Bu 0.58g, 6mmol ) Put it into the reaction vessel in the glove box, and continue to add 100 mL of toluene that has previously been dewatered and deoxygenated into the reaction vessel to obtain a reaction solution.
  • reaction solution preparation step S10 adding raw material 1 (3.34g, 5mmol), phenoxazine (1.10g, 6mmol), palladium acetate (0.09g, 0.4mmol) and tri-
  • the reaction vessel is reacted at 120° C. for 24 hours to obtain a mixed solution.
  • the reaction process is carried out in a glove box.
  • the mixed solution is cooled to room temperature and poured into 200 mL of ice water, and extracted with dichloromethane three times to obtain a mixture.
  • the mixture obtained in the extraction step is combined with the organic phases, spun into silica gel, and separated and purified by column chromatography (dichloromethane: n-hexane, v: v, 1:3) to obtain 3.1 g of white powder, which is The hole transport material.
  • the hole transport material produced by this method has a yield of 80%, MS (EI) m/z: [M] + : 771.23.
  • the present invention provides a method for preparing a hole material, the synthesis route is as follows:
  • the synthesis steps include: reaction solution preparation step S10, adding raw material 1 (3.34g, 5mmol), N,N-dimethylacridine (1.25g, 6mmol), palladium acetate (0.09g, 0.4mmol) into a 250mL reaction vessel And tri-tert-butylphosphine tetrafluoroborate (0.34g, 1.2mmol), and then put the reaction vessel into the glove box through the transition chamber.
  • the inner atmosphere of the glove box is argon atmosphere, and sodium tert-butoxide (NaOt -Bu 0.58g, 6mmol) was added to the reaction vessel in the glove box, and 100mL of toluene that had been dewatered and deoxygenated was added to the reaction vessel to obtain a reaction solution.
  • sodium tert-butoxide NaOt -Bu 0.58g, 6mmol
  • the reaction vessel is reacted at 120° C. for 24 hours to obtain a mixed solution.
  • the reaction process is carried out in a glove box.
  • the mixed solution is cooled to room temperature and poured into 200 mL of ice water, and extracted with dichloromethane three times to obtain a mixture.
  • the mixture obtained in the extraction step is combined with the organic phases, spun into silica gel, and separated and purified by column chromatography (dichloromethane: n-hexane, v: v, 1:3) to obtain 3.3 g of white powder, which is The hole transport material.
  • the hole transport material produced by this method has a yield of 83%, MS (EI) m/z: [M] + : 797.21.
  • Example 1 -5.51 -2.53
  • Example 2 -5.59 -2.51
  • Example 3 -5.61 -2.55
  • the hole transport material prepared in Example 1 The theoretical HOMO is -5.51eV, and the LUMO is -2.53eV.
  • the hole transport material prepared in Example 2 The theoretical HOMO is -5.59 eV, and the LUMO is -2.51 eV.
  • the hole transport material prepared in Example 3 The theoretical HOMO is -5.61eV, and the LUMO is -2.55eV.
  • the hole transport material synthesized by this method has stable and reliable performance.
  • the present invention also provides an electroluminescent device 100.
  • the electroluminescent device 100 includes: a substrate layer 101, a hole injection layer 102, a hole transport layer 103, an electron blocking layer 104, and a light emitting layer 105 , The hole blocking layer 106, the electron transport layer 107, the electron injection layer 108, the semi-transparent electrode 109, and the light outcoupling layer 110, wherein the hole transport layer 103 uses the hole transport material disclosed in the foregoing embodiment.
  • the hole injection layer 102 is provided on one side surface of the substrate layer 101.
  • the hole transport layer 103 is provided on the surface of the hole injection layer 102 away from the substrate layer 101.
  • the electron blocking layer 104 is provided on the surface of the hole transport layer 103 away from the hole injection layer 102.
  • the light-emitting layer 105 is disposed on the surface of the electron blocking layer 104 away from the hole transport layer 103.
  • the hole blocking layer 106 is provided on the surface of the light emitting layer 105 away from the electron blocking layer 104.
  • the electron transport layer 107 is provided on the surface of the hole blocking layer 106 away from the light emitting layer 105.
  • the electron injection layer 108 is provided on the surface of the electron transport layer 107 away from the hole blocking layer 106.
  • the semi-transparent electrode 109 is provided on the surface of the electron injection layer 108 away from the electron transport layer 107.
  • the light outcoupling layer 110 is provided on the surface of the translucent electrode 109 away from the electron injection layer
  • the performance data of the electroluminescent device 100 is as follows:
  • the maximum current efficiency of the device 100 is 45.6 cd/A
  • the color coordinates (CIEx, CIEy) are (0.683, 0.290)
  • the maximum external quantum efficiency is 38.6%.
  • the maximum current efficiency of the device 100 is 45.8 cd/A
  • the color coordinates (CIEx, CIEy) are (0.685, 0.293)
  • the maximum external quantum efficiency is 39%.
  • the maximum current efficiency of the device 100 is 46.1 cd/A
  • the color coordinates (CIEx, CIEy) are (0.686, 0.295)
  • the maximum external quantum efficiency is 39.9%.
  • the OLED device of the present application uses the hole transport material disclosed in the present application as the hole transport layer 103, which can effectively solve the contradictory problems of the energy level and hole mobility of currently used top-emitting OLED devices.
  • the hole transport layer 103 Based on the bridged dihydrophenazine, a series of hole transport materials with high mobility suitable for HOMO/LUMO energy levels have been synthesized through the matching design of different functional groups, which improves the mobility of the hole transport layer and improves the organic electricity. Luminous efficiency of electroluminescent devices.

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Abstract

一种空穴传输材料及其制备方法、电致发光器件，所述空穴传输材料具有式(I)所述结构通式的化合物 (I)。所述空穴传输材料以桥连双二氢吩嗪作为基础，通过不同官能团的搭配设计合成了一系列适合HOMO/LUMO能级的高迁移率的空穴传输材料，此材料可以应用在有机电致发光器件上，提高空穴传输层的迁移率；提高了有机电致发光器件的发光效率。

Description

空穴传输材料及其制备方法、电致发光器件 技术领域
本发明涉及显示器等领域，具体为空穴传输材料空穴传输材料及其制备方法、电致发光器件。
背景技术
有机电致发光二极管(organic light-emitting diodes，OLEDs)以其主动发光不需要背光源、发光效率高、可视角度大、响应速度快、温度适应范围大、生产加工工艺相对简单、驱动电压低，能耗小，更轻更薄，柔性显示等优点以及巨大的应用前景，吸引了众多研究者的关注。在OLED中，起主导作用的发光客体材料至关重要。早期的OLED使用的发光客体材料为荧光材料，由于在OLED中单重态和三重态的激子比例为1:3，因此基于荧光材料的OLED的理论内量子效率(IQE)只能达到25％，极大的限制了荧光电致发光器件的应用。重金属配合物磷光材料由于重原子的自旋轨道耦合作用，使得它能够同时利用单重态和三重态激子而实现100％的IQE。然而，通常使用的重金属都是Ir、Pt等贵重金属，并且重金属配合物磷光发光材料在蓝光材料方面尚有待突破。
技术问题
对于目前使用的顶发射OLED器件中，空穴传输材料作为最厚的一层，其能级以及空穴迁移率一直存在矛盾的关系，开发匹配能级以及高迁移率的空穴传输材料迫在眉睫。
技术解决方案
本发明提供了一种空穴传输材料及其制备方法、电致发光器件，有效的解决了目前使用的顶发射OLED器件能级以及空穴迁移率一直存在矛盾的问题。
为了实现以上目的，本发明提供了一种空穴传输材料，为具有式(I)所述结构通式的化合物：
Figure PCTCN2019112000-appb-000001
其中，R1、R2为有机基团。
进一步地，所述R1选自下述有机基团中的任意一种或多种组合：
Figure PCTCN2019112000-appb-000002
所述R2选自下述有机基团中的任意一种或多种组合：
Figure PCTCN2019112000-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2019112000-appb-000004
本发明还提供了一种空穴传输材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：反应液配置步骤，将含有结构通式(II)的第一原料、含有R2基团第二原料以及催化剂置于强碱环境的反应容器中，获得反应液；
Figure PCTCN2019112000-appb-000005
空穴传输材料合成步骤，在110～130℃进行充分反应13～25个小时，获得一具有所述空穴传输材料的混合溶液；萃取步骤，将所述混合溶液冷却至室温，萃取所述混合溶液中的所述空穴传输材料，得一混合物；分离纯化步骤，将所述萃取步骤制得的所述混合物分离纯化得一白色粉末，获得具有结构通式(I)的所述空穴传输材料；
Figure PCTCN2019112000-appb-000006
其中，R1和R2为有机基团；X表示为Cl、Br或I。
进一步地，所述R1选自下述有机基团中的任意一种或多种组合：
Figure PCTCN2019112000-appb-000007
所述R2选自下述有机基团中的任意一种或多种组合：
Figure PCTCN2019112000-appb-000008
进一步地，所述含有R2基团的第二原料为咔唑、吩噁嗪、N,N-二甲基吖啶中的至少一种；所述催化剂为醋酸钯和三叔丁基膦四氟硼酸盐；所述强碱为叔丁醇钠。
进一步地，所述第一原料与所述第二原料的摩尔比为1：1-1：3。
进一步地，所述反应液配制步骤中，先将所述第一原料、所述第二原料、所述醋酸钯以及所述三叔丁基膦四氟硼酸盐一起放置于所述反应容器中，然后将所述反应容器通过过渡舱到氩气气氛的手套箱中，在所述手套箱中加入所述叔丁醇钠，加入试先除水除氧的甲苯，得到所述反应液。
进一步地，所述萃取步骤中包括：将所述混合溶液倒入冰水混合物中，并加入二氯甲烷进行多次萃取；多次萃取后合并有机相，得到所述混合物；所述分离纯化步骤中包括：使用展开剂，通过硅胶柱层析方法将混合物进行纯化处理，得到所述空穴传输材料；其中，所述 硅胶柱层析方法中的展开剂为二氯甲烷和正已烷，所述二氯甲烷和所述正烷的体积比为1:3。
进一步地所述第一原料、所述第二原料、所述醋酸钯、所述三叔丁基膦四氟硼酸盐以及所述叔丁醇钠的摩尔比为1：1.2：0.08：0.24：1.2。
本发明还提供了一种电致发光器件，包括：衬底层；空穴注入层，设于所述衬底层一侧表面；空穴传输层，设于所述空穴注入层远离所述衬底层一侧表面；电子阻挡层，设于所述空穴传输层远离所述空穴注入层一侧表面；发光层，设于所述电子阻挡层远离所述空穴传输层一侧表面；空穴阻挡层，设于所述发光层远离所述电子阻挡层一侧表面；电子传输层，设于所述空穴阻挡层发光层远离所述发光层一侧表面；电子注入层，设于所述电子传输层远离所述空穴阻挡层一侧表面；半透明电极，设于所述电子注入层远离所述电子传输层一侧表面；光耦合输出层，设于所述半透明电极远离所述电子注入层一侧表面；其中所述空穴传输层所用材料为以上所述空穴传输材料。
有益效果
本发明的有益效果是：以桥连双二氢吩嗪作为基础，通过不同官能团的搭配设计合成了一系列合适HOMO/LUMO能级的空穴传输材料，提高空穴传输层的迁移率；提高了有机电致发光器件的发光效率。
为让本发明的上述内容能更明显易懂，下文特举较佳实施例，并配合所附图式，作详细说明如下：
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例所述空穴传输材料的合成方法流程图。
图2是本发明实施例所述电致发光器件的结构示意图。
本发明的实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。然而本发明可以通过许多不同形式的实施例来得以体现，本发明的保护范围并非仅限于文中提到的实施例，下文实施例的说明并非用来限制本发明的范围。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
本发明提供了一种空穴传输材料，为具有式(I)所述结构通式的化合物：
Figure PCTCN2019112000-appb-000009
其中，R1、R2为有机基团。所述R1选自下述有机基团中的任意一种或多种组合：
Figure PCTCN2019112000-appb-000010
所述R2选自下述有机基团中的任意一种或多种组合：
Figure PCTCN2019112000-appb-000011
请参阅图1，图1揭示了本发明空穴传输材料的制备方法。本发明空穴传输材料包括如下步骤，S10反应液配置，S20空穴传输材料合成，S30萃取，以及S40分离纯化。
步骤S10，反应液配置步骤，将含有结构通式(II)的第一原料与含有R2的第二原料以摩尔比为1：1-1：3比例混合，添加催化剂置于强碱环境的反应容器中，获得反应液；
Figure PCTCN2019112000-appb-000012
所述R1选自下述有机基团中的任意一种或多种组合：
Figure PCTCN2019112000-appb-000013
所述R2选自下述有机基团中的任意一种或多种组合：
Figure PCTCN2019112000-appb-000014
所述含有R2基团的亚氨基原料为咔唑、吩噁嗪、N,N-二甲基吖啶中的至少一种；所述催化剂为醋酸钯和三叔丁基膦四氟硼酸盐；所述强碱为叔丁醇钠。所述叔丁醇钠，作为强碱广泛应用于化工、医药、农药及有机合成中的缩合、重排和开环等反应中；由于所述叔丁醇钠高度易燃、遇水反应剧烈等性能，通常将所述叔丁醇钠保存在惰性气氛的手套箱中。所述醋酸钯和所述三叔丁基膦四氟硼酸盐反应生产三叔丁基膦钯，所述三叔丁基膦钯性能比较活泼，很难保存，但是却是本反应的重要催化剂。
所述反应液配制具体步骤如下，先将含有R1基团的第一原料、所述含有R2基团的第二原料、所述醋酸钯以及所述三叔丁基膦四氟硼酸盐放置于所述反应容器中，然后将所述反应容器通过过渡舱到手套箱中，最后在手套箱中称量以及所述叔丁醇钠。为了避免所述叔丁 醇钠及所述三叔丁基膦钯化学活性影响反应进行，需要试先将手套箱内部气氛改为氩气气氛，并同时在手套箱反应容器中加入除水除氧的甲苯，制得反应液。
步骤S20，空穴传输材料合成，在110～130℃进行充分反应13～25个小时，获得一具有所述空穴传输材料的混合溶液，为了保证催化剂和所述叔丁醇钠的活性和安全性能，所述反应过程均在手套箱中进行。
步骤S30，萃取，将反应液倒入冰水混合物中，并加入二氯甲烷进行多次萃取；多次萃取后合并有机相，得到混合物。
步骤S40，分离纯化，使用展开剂，通过硅胶柱层析方法将混合物进行纯化处理，制得的所述混合物分离纯化得一白色粉末，既为所述空穴传输材料；所述展开剂为二氯甲烷和正已烷，所述二氯甲烷和所述正烷的体积比为1:3。
所述纯化步骤获得具有结构通式(I)的所述空穴传输材料；
Figure PCTCN2019112000-appb-000015
其中，X表示为Cl、Br或I；
所述R1选自下述有机基团中的任意一种或多种组合：
Figure PCTCN2019112000-appb-000016
所述R2选自下述有机基团中的任意一种或多种组合：
Figure PCTCN2019112000-appb-000017
进一步地所述空穴传输材料的制备方法以以下三个具体实施例进行说明。
实施例1
本发明提供了一种空穴材料的制备方法，合成路线如下：
Figure PCTCN2019112000-appb-000018
合成步骤包括：反应液制备步骤S10，向250mL反应容器中加入第一原料(3.34g，5mmol)、咔唑(1.00g，6mmol)、醋酸钯(0.09g，0.4mmol)以及三叔丁基膦四氟硼酸盐(0.34g，1.2mmol)，然后将所述反应容器通过过渡舱到手套箱中，所述手套箱内部气氛为氩气气氛，再次将叔丁醇钠(NaOt-Bu 0.58g，6mmol)在手套箱中加入至反应容器中，继续向反应容器中加入100mL事先除水除氧的甲苯，得 一反应液。
空穴传输材料的合成步骤S20，将反应容器在120℃反应24小时得一混合溶液。所述反应过程均在手套箱中进行。
萃取步骤S30，将混合溶液将冷却至室温倒入200mL冰水中，二氯甲烷萃取三次，得一混合物。
分离纯化步骤S40，将萃取步骤制得的混合物合并有机相，旋成硅胶，柱层析(二氯甲烷:正己烷，v:v，1:3)分离纯化，得白色粉末3.0g，即为所述空穴传输材料。此方法制得的空穴传输材料的产率79％，MS(EI)m/z:[M] +:755.21。
实施例2
本发明提供了一种空穴材料的制备方法，合成路线如下：
Figure PCTCN2019112000-appb-000019
合成步骤包括：反应液制备步骤S10，向250mL反应容器中加入原料1(3.34g，5mmol)、吩噁嗪(1.10g，6mmol)、醋酸钯(0.09g，0.4mmol)以及三叔丁基膦四氟硼酸盐(0.34g，1.2mmol)，然后将反应容器通过过渡舱到手套箱中，所述手套箱内部气氛为氩气气氛，再次将叔丁醇钠(NaOt-Bu 0.58g，6mmol)在手套箱中加入至反应容器中，继续向反应容器中加入100mL事先除水除氧的甲苯，得一反应液。
空穴传输材料的合成步骤S20，将反应容器在120℃反应24小时得一混合溶液。所述反应过程均在手套箱中进行。
萃取步骤S30，将混合溶液将冷却至室温倒入200mL冰水中，二氯甲烷萃取三次，得一混合物。
分离纯化步骤S40，将萃取步骤制得的混合物合并有机相，旋成硅胶，柱层析(二氯甲烷:正己烷，v:v，1:3)分离纯化，得白色粉末3.1g，即为所述空穴传输材料。此方法制得的空穴传输材料的产率80％，MS(EI)m/z:[M] +:771.23。
实施例3
本发明提供了一种空穴材料的制备方法，合成路线如下：
Figure PCTCN2019112000-appb-000020
合成步骤包括：反应液制备步骤S10，向250mL反应容器中加入原料1(3.34g，5mmol)、N,N-二甲基吖啶(1.25g，6mmol)、醋酸钯(0.09g，0.4mmol)以及三叔丁基膦四氟硼酸盐(0.34g，1.2mmol)，然后将反应容器通过过渡舱到手套箱中，所述手套箱内部气氛为氩气气氛，再次将叔丁醇钠(NaOt-Bu 0.58g，6mmol)在手套箱中加入至反应容器中，继续向反应容器中加入100mL事先除水除氧的甲苯，得一反应液。
空穴传输材料的合成步骤S20，将反应容器在120℃反应24小时得一混合溶液。所述反应过程均在手套箱中进行。
萃取步骤S30，将混合溶液将冷却至室温倒入200mL冰水中，二氯甲烷萃取三次，得一混合物。
分离纯化步骤S40，将萃取步骤制得的混合物合并有机相，旋成 硅胶，柱层析(二氯甲烷:正己烷，v:v，1:3)分离纯化，得白色粉末3.3g，即为所述空穴传输材料。此方法制得的空穴传输材料的产率83％，MS(EI)m/z:[M] +:797.21。
本发明三个具体实施例空穴传输材料理论电化学能级如下表1所示
  HOMO(eV) LUMO(eV)
实施例1 -5.51 -2.53
实施例2 -5.59 -2.51
实施例3 -5.61 -2.55
表1
实施例1所制得的空穴传输材料
Figure PCTCN2019112000-appb-000021
的理论HOMO为-5.51eV，LUMO为-2.53eV。
实施例2所制得的空穴传输材料
Figure PCTCN2019112000-appb-000022
的理论HOMO为-5.59eV，LUMO为-2.51eV。
实施例3所制得的空穴传输材料
Figure PCTCN2019112000-appb-000023
的理论HOMO为-5.61eV，LUMO为-2.55eV。
由此可知此方法合成的空穴传输材料性能稳定可靠。
本发明还提供了一种电致发光器件100，如图2所示，电致发光器件100包括：衬底层101、空穴注入层102、空穴传输层103、电 子阻挡层104、发光层105、空穴阻挡层106、电子传输层107、电子注入层108、半透明电极109、光耦合输出层110，其中所述空穴传输层103所用材料为前述实施例所揭示的空穴传输材料。
空穴注入层102设于所述衬底层101一侧表面。空穴传输层103设于空穴注入层102远离衬底层101一侧表面。电子阻挡层104设于所述空穴传输层103远离所述空穴注入层102一侧表面。发光层105设于所述电子阻挡层104远离所述空穴传输层103一侧表面。空穴阻挡层106设于发光层105远离电子阻挡层104一侧表面。电子传输层107设于空穴阻挡层106远离发光层105一侧表面。电子注入层108设于电子传输层107远离所述空穴阻挡层106一侧表面。半透明电极109设于电子注入层108远离电子传输层107一侧表面。光耦合输出层110设于半透明电极109远离所电子注入层108一侧表面。
当空穴传输层103采用以上三个具体实施例材料时，所述电致发光器件100的性能数据如下表2
Figure PCTCN2019112000-appb-000024
表2
当采用实施例1所制得的空穴传输材料
Figure PCTCN2019112000-appb-000025
制备成电致发光器件100时，器件100的最高电流效率为45.6cd/A，色坐标(CIEx,CIEy)分别为 (0.683,0.290)，最大外量子效率38.6％。
当采用实施例2所制得的空穴传输材料
Figure PCTCN2019112000-appb-000026
制备成电致发光器件100时，器件100的最高电流效率为45.8cd/A，色坐标(CIEx,CIEy)分别为(0.685,0.293)，最大外量子效率39％。
当采用实施例3所制得的实施例所述空穴传输材料
Figure PCTCN2019112000-appb-000027
制备成电致发光器件100时，器件100的最高电流效率为46.1cd/A，色坐标(CIEx,CIEy)分别为(0.686,0.295)，最大外量子效率39.9％。
工业实用性
综上所述，本申请OLED器件使用本申请揭示的空穴传输材料作为空穴传输层103，可以有效解决目前使用的顶发射OLED器件能级以及空穴迁移率一直存在矛盾问题。以桥连双二氢吩嗪作为基础，通过不同官能团的搭配设计合成了一系列适合HOMO/LUMO能级的高迁移率的空穴传输材料，提高空穴传输层的迁移率；提高了有机电致发光器件的发光效率。
以上对本申请实施例所提供的一种空穴传输材料及制备方法、电致发光器件进行了详细介绍，本文中应用了具体个例对本申请的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本申请 的方法及其核心思想；同时，对于本领域的技术人员，依据本申请的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处，综上所述，本说明书内容不应理解为对本申请的限制。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种空穴传输材料，其为具有式(I)所述结构通式的化合物：
    Figure PCTCN2019112000-appb-100001
    其中，R1、R2为有机基团。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的空穴传输材料，其中所述R1选自下述有机基团中的任意一种或多种组合：
    Figure PCTCN2019112000-appb-100002
    所述R2选自下述有机基团中的任意一种或多种组合：
    Figure PCTCN2019112000-appb-100003
    Figure PCTCN2019112000-appb-100004
  3. 一种空穴传输材料的制备方法，其包括以下步骤：
    反应液配置步骤，将含有结构通式(II)的第一原料、含有R2基团第二原料以及催化剂置于强碱环境的反应容器中，获得反应液；
    Figure PCTCN2019112000-appb-100005
    空穴传输材料合成步骤，在110～130℃进行充分反应13～25个小时，获得一具有所述空穴传输材料的混合溶液；
    萃取步骤，将所述混合溶液冷却至室温，萃取所述混合溶液中的所述空穴传输材料，得一混合物；
    分离纯化步骤，将所述萃取步骤制得的所述混合物分离纯化得一白色粉末，获得具有结构通式(I)的所述空穴传输材料；
    Figure PCTCN2019112000-appb-100006
    其中，R1和R2为有机基团；X表示为Cl、Br或I。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述空穴传输材料的制备方法，其中所述R1选自下述有机基团中的任意一种或多种组合：
    Figure PCTCN2019112000-appb-100007
    所述R2选自下述有机基团中的任意一种或多种组合：
    Figure PCTCN2019112000-appb-100008
  5. 根据权利要求3所述空穴传输材料的制备方法，其中所述含有R2基团的第二原料为咔唑、吩噁嗪、N,N-二甲基吖啶中的至少一种；
    所述催化剂为醋酸钯和三叔丁基膦四氟硼酸盐；
    所述强碱为叔丁醇钠。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述空穴传输材料的制备方法，其中所述第一原料与所述第二原料的摩尔比为1：1-1：3。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述空穴传输材料的制备方法，其中所述反应液配制步骤中，先将所述第一原料、所述第二原料、所述醋酸钯以及所述 三叔丁基膦四氟硼酸盐一起放置于所述反应容器中，然后将所述反应容器通过过渡舱到氩气气氛的手套箱中，在所述手套箱中加入所述叔丁醇钠，加入试先除水除氧的甲苯，得到所述反应液。
  8. 根据权利要求3所述空穴传输材料的制备方法，其中所述萃取步骤中包括：
    将所述混合溶液倒入冰水混合物中，并加入二氯甲烷进行多次萃取；多次萃取后合并有机相，得到所述混合物；
    所述分离纯化步骤中包括：
    使用展开剂，通过硅胶柱层析方法将混合物进行纯化处理，得到所述空穴传输材料；
    其中，所述硅胶柱层析方法中的展开剂为二氯甲烷和正已烷，所述二氯甲烷和所述正烷的体积比为1:3。
  9. 根据权利要求5所述空穴传输材料的制备方法，其中所述第一原料、所述第二原料、所述醋酸钯、所述三叔丁基膦四氟硼酸盐以及所述叔丁醇钠的摩尔比为1：1.2：0.08：0.24：1.2。
  10. 一种电致发光器件，其包括：
    衬底层；
    空穴注入层，设于所述衬底层一侧表面；
    空穴传输层，设于所述空穴注入层远离所述衬底层一侧表面；
    电子阻挡层，设于所述空穴传输层远离所述空穴注入层一侧表面；
    发光层，设于所述电子阻挡层远离所述空穴传输层一侧表面；
    空穴阻挡层，设于所述发光层远离所述电子阻挡层一侧表面；
    电子传输层，设于所述空穴阻挡层发光层远离所述发光层一侧表面；
    电子注入层，设于所述电子传输层远离所述空穴阻挡层一侧表面；
    半透明电极，设于所述电子注入层远离所述电子传输层一侧表面；
    光耦合输出层，设于所述半透明电极远离所述电子注入层一侧表面；
    其中所述空穴传输层所用材料为权利要求1-2任一项所述空穴传输材料。
PCT/CN2019/112000 2019-07-04 2019-10-18 空穴传输材料及其制备方法、电致发光器件 WO2021000455A1 (zh)

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