WO2021000428A1 - 紧凑型闭式加压液压系统型材挤压机 - Google Patents

紧凑型闭式加压液压系统型材挤压机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021000428A1
WO2021000428A1 PCT/CN2019/106555 CN2019106555W WO2021000428A1 WO 2021000428 A1 WO2021000428 A1 WO 2021000428A1 CN 2019106555 W CN2019106555 W CN 2019106555W WO 2021000428 A1 WO2021000428 A1 WO 2021000428A1
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Prior art keywords
oil
cylinder
pipe
hydraulic
working
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PCT/CN2019/106555
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English (en)
French (fr)
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梁润明
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梁润明
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/007—Hydrostatic extrusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/21—Presses specially adapted for extruding metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/21—Presses specially adapted for extruding metal
    • B21C23/211—Press driving devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
    • F15B11/16—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor with two or more servomotors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B13/00—Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
    • F15B13/02—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/08—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
    • F15B15/14—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the straight-cylinder type
    • F15B15/1423—Component parts; Constructional details
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/08—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
    • F15B15/14—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the straight-cylinder type
    • F15B15/1423—Component parts; Constructional details
    • F15B15/1428—Cylinders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B21/00—Common features of fluid actuator systems; Fluid-pressure actuator systems or details thereof, not covered by any other group of this subclass
    • F15B21/04—Special measures taken in connection with the properties of the fluid
    • F15B21/042—Controlling the temperature of the fluid
    • F15B21/0423—Cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B3/00—Intensifiers or fluid-pressure converters, e.g. pressure exchangers; Conveying pressure from one fluid system to another, without contact between the fluids

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of profile forming equipment and relates to a profile extruder.
  • the traditional extruder is composed of a fixed base and a mold on the fixed base, the ingot barrel, the main cylinder, the auxiliary cylinder, the extrusion rod, the oil storage tank, the oil supply pipeline and the main electric cabinet.
  • the structure of the extruder There are the following technical problems: 1.
  • the oil tank in the hydraulic system is placed above the extruder, and the oil storage is more than 3-4 times the working oil, so the amount of hydraulic oil is large and the investment cost is high; 2.
  • the traditional extrusion When the machine is in use, the temperature of the hydraulic oil needs to be exchanged with a cooling oil pump, a plate exchanger, a cooling water pump, and a cooling tower. This is a secondary heat exchange, so electricity consumption is high and water consumption is high. 3.
  • the hydraulic system oil tank has an open structure, and the hydraulic oil is easily contaminated, resulting in a short service life and increased use cost; 4.
  • the extruder with an open oil tank is moving forward and backward quickly, there is a difference between the main cylinder and the oil tank. Large flow rate is generated.
  • the hydraulic oil with large flow rate and high flow rate will produce turbulence when flowing, and the entrained air will form foam in the hydraulic oil, which will cause unfavorable factors to the hydraulic system.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned technical problems of the existing profile extruder, adopting a closed pressurizing hydraulic system, instead of the existing extruder requiring a large-capacity open oil tank, only one and extruder
  • the oil storage pressurized oil cylinder that matches the capacity of the working oil cylinder of the machine is sufficient.
  • the amount of hydraulic oil used is small, which completely isolates external pollutants, increases the operating time of the equipment, and saves the cost of equipment use.
  • the compact closed pressurized hydraulic system profile extruder includes a fixed base and an extrusion part on the fixed base, an oil supply part and a main electric cabinet.
  • the extrusion part includes an extrusion rod, an extrusion cylinder, and Ingot barrel and die base
  • the extrusion cylinder includes a main cylinder, a secondary cylinder, a spindle holding cylinder, a scissors cylinder, and a mold base cylinder.
  • the oil supply part includes a pressurized oil cylinder, an oil circuit board, and a cooling mechanism , Motor pump unit, hydraulic circuit and filling valve;
  • the pressurized oil cylinder is composed of an oil storage cylinder tube and a pressurization cylinder.
  • the pressurization cylinder is driven by hydraulic oil or compressed air.
  • a pressurizing piston is arranged in the oil storage cylinder.
  • the hydraulic oil in the oil storage cylinder barrel is pressurized; the volume in the oil storage cylinder barrel matches the total volume of each oil cylinder of the extruder, and the oil storage cylinder barrel, the main oil cylinder and the booster oil cylinder are integrated and installed horizontally in a fixed structure.
  • the oil circuit board is a control component of each oil cylinder of the extruder
  • the cooling mechanism is used for cooling hydraulic oil
  • the motor pump unit is used to generate hydraulic oil high-pressure system pressure when the extruder is working;
  • the hydraulic circuit includes a pump suction pipe, oil delivery pipe 1, oil delivery pipe 2, working oil pipe 1, working oil pipe 2 and oil return pipe;
  • the pump suction pipe is the oil path between the cooling mechanism and the motor pump unit;
  • the first oil pipe is the oil path from the motor pump unit to the oil circuit board;
  • the second working oil pipe is the oil path from the oil circuit board to the working cylinders of the extruder;
  • the second oil pipe is the oil storage cylinder and the return
  • the oil return pipe is the oil circuit from the oil circuit board to the cooling mechanism, and the oil return pipe communicates with the cooling mechanism through the oil pipe 1;
  • the charging valve is arranged on the main oil cylinder and communicates with the oil storage cylinder;
  • the hydraulic circuit is supplied by a pump suction pipe, generates high-pressure system pressure through the motor pump unit, and is connected to the oil circuit board by the working oil pipe 1, and is controlled by the hydraulic valve to distribute high-pressure hydraulic oil through the working oil pipe.
  • the working oil cylinders of the extruder provide power.
  • the hydraulic oil returned from the working oil cylinders of the extruder flows into the oil return pipe through the oil circuit board, and the oil return pipe communicates with the oil storage cylinder barrel; the hydraulic oil in the oil storage cylinder barrel and the working oil cylinders of the extruder
  • the returned hydraulic oil is delivered to the cooling mechanism from the oil delivery pipe through the oil return pipe, and the hydraulic oil is cooled by the cooling mechanism and supplied to the motor pump unit from the pump suction pipe to form a sealed pressurized hydraulic circuit.
  • the second oil delivery pipe is arranged at a position where the oil storage cylinder barrel is close to the main oil cylinder.
  • the cooling pipe is composed of several pipes arranged in the cooling box, and the cooling pipe has a reciprocating and winding structure to increase the heat exchange area.
  • an exhaust fan is provided on the air outlet.
  • a temperature sensor is provided in the oil return pipe, and the output signal line of the temperature sensor is connected to the exhaust fan or/and the circulating water pump control line.
  • the motor pump group is composed of one or more motors and a high-pressure oil pump.
  • the present invention adopts a cooling mechanism, which includes a cooling box, a cooling pipe, a water collection tank, a spray pipe, and a circulating water pump, it can quickly cool down the high-temperature hydraulic oil formed during work, thereby avoiding the need of the prior art
  • the hydraulic system of the large-capacity open oil tank only needs one oil storage pressurized oil cylinder.
  • the amount of hydraulic oil used is less, which is 1/3 of the oil used by the existing extruder, and the temperature of the hydraulic oil can be It can be effectively controlled, thereby effectively extending the service life of the hydraulic oil, thereby also saving the use cost of the equipment.
  • the oil storage cylinder barrel, the main oil cylinder and the pressurizing oil cylinder of the present invention are horizontally installed on the fixed base in an integrated structure, and a filling valve is arranged between the oil storage cylinder and the main oil cylinder.
  • the filling valve is used when the extruder is fast forwarding. Open the hydraulic oil in the oil storage cylinder barrel to quickly and directly supply oil to the main oil cylinder through the charging valve with small resistance.
  • the filling valve is closed, and the high-pressure oil supplies oil to the main cylinder and the auxiliary cylinder through the pressure pipe through the oil circuit board.
  • the main cylinder moves back and the flush valve opens.
  • the hydraulic oil in the main oil cylinder quickly flows back into the oil storage cylinder through the flush valve, thus realizing the functions of fast forward work and fast oil retreat, effectively improving the extrusion efficiency.
  • the cooling box of the present invention is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, and the air outlet is provided with an exhaust fan, thereby effectively and rapidly cooling and cooling the high-temperature hydraulic oil flowing through the work in the cooling pipe, which is better guaranteed
  • the operating temperature of the hydraulic oil ensures the operating performance of the extruder.
  • the hydraulic system of the oil supply part of the present invention is a closed oil supply, thereby effectively preventing the hydraulic oil from being easily polluted, and better ensuring the stability of the extruder.
  • the sealed hydraulic system avoids the mixing of dust and other debris, maintains the cleanliness of the hydraulic oil, delays the working life of the hydraulic oil, and uses the sealed pressure to deliver the hydraulic oil, thereby making the machine work stable and reducing the oil temperature , Reduce noise.
  • the present invention adopts a sealed pressurized hydraulic circuit. Because the charging valve is installed in the oil storage cylinder, the charging valve is opened when the extruder is fast forward, so that the hydraulic oil in the storage cylinder can be quickly and directly directed with less resistance. The oil is supplied into the main cylinder through the filling valve, thereby shortening the pressure rise time and effectively improving the production efficiency.
  • the pressurized oil circuit of the present invention is equipped with a temperature sensor.
  • the output signal line of the temperature sensor is connected to the exhaust fan and the circulating water pump control line, which can be automatically controlled by the main electric cabinet to realize the control function of constant temperature and cooling of hydraulic oil .
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a top view of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is an E-E cross-sectional view of Fig. 2.
  • the compact closed pressurized hydraulic system profile extruder shown in Figures 1 to 3 it includes a fixed base 1 and an extrusion part 2, an oil supply part 3 and a main electric cabinet 4 on the fixed base 1.
  • the extrusion part 2 includes an extrusion rod 21, an extrusion cylinder 22, an ingot barrel 23 and a mold base 24.
  • the extrusion cylinder 22 includes a main cylinder 221, an auxiliary cylinder 222, an ingot cylinder, a scissors cylinder, and a mold base cylinder.
  • Each working oil cylinder is characterized in that: the oil supply part 3 includes a pressurized oil cylinder 31, an oil circuit board 33, a cooling mechanism 34, a motor pump unit 7, a hydraulic circuit and a filling valve 5;
  • the pressurized oil cylinder 31 is composed of an oil storage cylinder barrel 311 and a pressurization cylinder 312.
  • the pressurization cylinder 312 is driven by hydraulic oil or compressed air.
  • the oil storage cylinder barrel 311 is provided with a pressurizing piston 313.
  • the pressurization cylinder 312 is composed of The piston rod pushes the pressurizing piston 313 to pressurize the hydraulic oil in the oil storage cylinder barrel 311 so that the pressure in the oil storage cylinder reaches 1-2Kg/cm 2 ;
  • the volume in the oil storage cylinder barrel 311 is the same as the total volume of each oil cylinder of the extruder Matching, the specific volume in the oil storage cylinder barrel 311 is approximately the same as the total volume of the working oil cylinders of the extruder.
  • the oil storage cylinder barrel 311, the main oil cylinder 221 and the booster oil cylinder 312 are horizontally installed on the fixed base 1 in an integrated structure. on;
  • the oil circuit board 33 is a control component of each oil cylinder of the extruder
  • the cooling mechanism 34 is used to cool the hydraulic oil, and is basically the same as the prior art. It includes a cooling tank 341, a cooling pipe 342, a water collection tank 343, a spray pipe 344, and a circulating water pump 345.
  • the cooling pipe 342 is located at The radiating pipe in the cooling box 341, the water collection tank 343 is provided under the cooling pipe 342 for water storage; the spray pipe 344 is installed above the cooling pipe, and a number of spray heads are installed on the spray pipe 344 to recirculate
  • the water pump 345 supplies water, and the water is transported to the top of the cooling pipe 342 for uniform spraying of the cooling pipe; the circulating water pump 345 is installed on the base 1 and connected to the sump, so that the circulating water pump 345 sucks the water stored in the sump 343 through the spray pipe
  • the cooling box 341 is provided with an air inlet 3411 and an air outlet 3412, and the air inlet 3411 is arranged between
  • the motor pump set 7 is used to generate hydraulic oil high-pressure system pressure when the extruder is working, and the motor pump set 7 is composed of one or more motors 71 and a high-pressure oil pump 72;
  • the hydraulic circuit includes a pump suction pipe 61, an oil delivery pipe 62, an oil delivery pipe 63, a working oil pipe 321, a working oil pipe 322, and an oil return pipe 35;
  • the pump suction pipe 61 is one of the cooling mechanism 34 to the motor pump set 7
  • the first working oil pipe 321 is the oil passage between the motor pump set 7 and the oil circuit board 33;
  • the second working oil pipe 322 is the oil circuit between the oil circuit board 33 and the working cylinders of the extruder
  • the oil pipe two 63 is the oil passage between the oil storage cylinder barrel 311 and the oil return pipe 35;
  • the oil return pipe 35 is the oil passage between the oil circuit plate 33 and the cooling mechanism 34, the oil return pipe 35 It communicates with the cooling mechanism 34 through an oil delivery pipe 62;
  • the filling valve 5 is arranged on the main oil cylinder 221 and communicates with the oil storage cylinder barrel 311;
  • the hydraulic circuit is supplied by the pump suction pipe 61, the high-pressure system pressure is generated by the motor pump unit 7, and the working oil pipe 321 is connected to the oil circuit board 33, and the high-pressure hydraulic oil is distributed through the working oil pipe through the oil circuit board 33.
  • Two 322 provides power to the working cylinders of the extruder.
  • the hydraulic oil returned from the working cylinders of the extruder flows into the oil return pipe 35 through the oil circuit plate 33, and the oil return pipe 35 communicates with the liquid storage cylinder barrel 311;
  • the hydraulic oil in 311 is delivered to the cooling mechanism 34 from the oil delivery pipe 62 through the oil return pipe 35. After being cooled by the cooling mechanism 34, the hydraulic oil is supplied to the motor pump unit 7 from the pump suction pipe 61 to form a sealed pressurized hydraulic circuit.
  • the second oil delivery pipe 63 is arranged at the position of the oil storage cylinder barrel 311 close to the main oil cylinder 221 to achieve better return of hydraulic oil and return to the cooling mechanism 34 for cooling.
  • the cooling pipe 342 is composed of a plurality of pipes arranged in the cooling box 341, and the cooling pipe has a reciprocating and winding structure to increase the heat exchange area.
  • the air outlet 3412 is provided with an exhaust fan 3413.
  • the air inlet 3411 introduces fresh air into the cooling box 341 and passes through the cooling pipe 342 under the action of the exhaust fan 3413. It is discharged from the air outlet 3412, thereby cooling the cooling pipe 342, that is, the function of cooling the hydraulic oil returning in the cooling pipe 342 is realized.
  • the spray pipe 344 The cooling water stored in the water collection tank 343 is sucked by the circulating water pump 345 to be sprayed onto the surface of the cooling pipe 342 above the cooling pipe 342, thereby speeding up the water recycling and enhancing the cooling effect.
  • the oil return pipe 37 is provided with a temperature sensor.
  • the output signal line of the temperature sensor is connected to the exhaust fan 3413 or/and the circulating water pump 345 control line.
  • the temperature sensor is used to sense the temperature of the hydraulic oil.
  • the main electric cabinet 4 intelligently controls the working status of the exhaust fan or circulating water pump 345 to realize that the hydraulic oil works at a constant temperature. If the hydraulic oil temperature is within the normal range, the exhaust fan 3413 or circulating water pump 345 will stop working. When the hydraulic oil temperature exceeds the setting When the range is small, the exhaust fan 3413 is started to work; when the hydraulic oil temperature exceeds the set range, the exhaust fan 3413 and the circulating water pump 345 are started to work at the same time.
  • the hydraulic circuit is supplied with oil by the pump suction pipe 61, the high-pressure system pressure is generated by the motor pump unit 7, and the working oil circuit 321 is connected to the oil circuit board 33, and the high pressure hydraulic oil is distributed through the oil circuit board 33 by the hydraulic valve.
  • the second oil circuit 322 provides power to the working oil cylinders of the main oil cylinder 221, the auxiliary cylinder 222, the spindle cylinder, the scissors cylinder, etc. of the extruder, and the hydraulic oil returned from the working oil cylinders of the extruder flows into and out through the oil circuit plate 33.
  • the oil pipe 35, the oil return pipe 35 and the oil storage cylinder barrel 311 are connected by the oil pipe two 63; the hydraulic oil in the liquid storage cylinder barrel 311 and the hydraulic oil returned from the working cylinders of the extruder are transported to the cooling by the oil pipe one 62 through the oil return pipe 35
  • the hydraulic oil is supplied to the high-pressure oil pump 72 by the pump suction pipe 61 after being cooled by the cooling mechanism 34, forming a sealed pressurized hydraulic circuit.
  • the charging valve 5 is fixed on the main oil cylinder 221 and is located in the oil storage cylinder 311.
  • the charging valve 5 is opened when the extruder is fast forwarding, so that the hydraulic oil in the oil storage cylinder 311 can directly and quickly pass the charging with a small resistance.
  • the valve 5 supplies oil to the main cylinder 221.
  • the filling valve 5 is closed, and the high-pressure oil is supplied to the main oil cylinder 221 and the auxiliary cylinder 222 through the oil circuit plate 33 through the second working oil circuit 322.
  • the main oil cylinder 221 retreats, the flushing valve 5 is opened, and the hydraulic oil in the main oil cylinder 221 quickly flows back into the oil storage cylinder barrel 311 through the flushing valve 5.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)

Abstract

一种紧凑型闭式加压液压系统型材挤压机，包括固定底座（1）和固定底座（1）上的挤压部分（2）、供油部分（3）和主电柜（4），所述的供油部分（3）包括有加压油缸（31）、油路板（33）、冷却机构（34）、电机泵组（7）、液压回路和充液阀（5）；所述加压油缸（31）由储油缸筒（311）和增压缸（312）组成；所述油路板（33）为挤压机各油缸的控制组件；所述冷却机构（34）用于冷却液压油；所述电机泵组（7）用于挤压机工作时产生液压油高压系统压力；所述液压回路包括有泵吸油管（61）、输油管一（62）、输油管二（63）、工作油管一（321）、工作油管二（322）和回油管（35）；所述的充液阀（5）设在主油缸（221）上与储油缸筒（311）相通；该紧凑型闭式加压液压系统型材挤压机使用时液压油用量少，且工作时液压油温度可得以有效控制，有效延长液压油的使用期限，也节约了设备的使用成本。

Description

紧凑型闭式加压液压系统型材挤压机 技术领域
本发明属于型材成型设备领域，涉及于一种型材挤压机。
背景技术
传统的挤压机由固定底座和固定底座上的模具、盛锭筒、主缸、副缸、挤压杆、储油箱、供油管路和主电柜等构件组成，其结构的挤压机存在以下技术问题：1、液压系统中的油箱置于挤压机上方，储油量是工作油量的3-4倍以上，由此液压油用量大、投入成本高；2、传统的挤压机使用时液压油的降温，需要冷却油泵、板式交换器和冷却水泵、冷却塔进行热交换，这种是二次热交换，所以用电较高、水损耗较多。3、液压系统油箱为开式结构，液压油容易受污染，导致使用期限短，增加使用成本高；4、开式油箱的挤压机在快速前进和后退时，主油缸与油箱之间有较大的流量产生，大流量高流速的液压油在流动时产生紊流，液压油中会出现夹带空气形成泡沫，对液压系统产生不利因素。
发明内容
本发明的目的是，为了解决现有型材挤压机存在上述的技术问题，采用了闭式加压液压系统，取代了现在的挤压机需要大容量开式油箱，只需配置一个与挤压机工作油缸容量相匹配的储油加压油缸即可，使用时液压油用量小，彻底隔绝外界污染物，增加设备运转时间，节省设备使用成本。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案实现：
紧凑型闭式加压液压系统型材挤压机，包括固定底座和固定底座上的挤压部分、供油部分和主电柜，所述的挤压部分包括有挤压杆、挤压油缸、盛锭筒和模座，所述挤压油缸包括主油缸、副缸、盛锭缸、剪刀缸和模座缸各工作油缸，所述的供油部分包括有加压油缸、油路板、冷却机构、电机泵组、液压回路和充液阀；
所述加压油缸由储油缸筒和增压缸组成，该增压缸由液压油或压缩空气驱动，储油缸筒内设有加压活塞，所述增压缸由活塞杆推动加压活塞对储油缸筒内的液压油进行加压；储油缸筒内的容积与挤压机各油缸的总容积相匹配，所述的储油缸筒、主油缸和增压油缸呈一体式结构水平安装在固定底座上；
所述油路板为挤压机各油缸的控制组件；
所述冷却机构用于冷却液压油；
所述电机泵组用于挤压机工作时产生液压油高压系统压力；
所述液压回路包括有泵吸油管、输油管一、输油管二、工作油管一、工作油管二和回油管；所述的泵吸油管为冷却机构至电机泵组之间的油路；所述的工作油管一为电机泵组至油路板之间的油路；所述的工作油管二为油路板至挤压机各工作油缸之间的油路；所述的输油管二为储油缸筒和回油管之间相通的油路；所述的回油管为油路板至冷却机构之间的油路，该回油管通过输油管一与冷却机构相连通；
所述的充液阀设在主油缸上与储油缸筒相通；
所述液压回路由泵吸油管供油，通过电机泵组产生高压系统压力，由工作油管 一与油路板连接，经油路板由液压阀控制分配高压液压油经由工作油管二对挤压机的各工作油缸提供动力，从挤压机各工作油缸返回的液压油经油路板流入回油管，回油管与储油缸筒相连通；储油缸筒内的液压油、及挤压机各工作油缸返回的液压油经回油管由输油管一输送到冷却机构，液压油经冷却机构冷却后由泵吸油管供给电机泵组，形成密封式加压液压回路。
本发明的目的还可以通过以下技术方案实现：
进一步的，所述输油管二设在储油缸筒靠近主油缸位置处。
进一步的，所述的冷却管为设置冷却箱内的若干条管道组成，冷却管为往复多次绕行结构，以增加热交换面积。
进一步的，所述出风口上设有排风机。
进一步的，所述回油管中设有温度传感器，该温度传感器的输出信号线路连接于排风机或/和循环水泵控制线路。
进一步的，所述电机泵组由一个或多电机和高压油泵组成。
本发明的有益效果：
1、本发明由于采用冷却机构，该冷却机构包括有冷却箱、冷却管、集水槽、喷淋管和循环水泵，可快速为做功时形成的高温液压油降温，由此，避免现有技术需要大容量的开式油箱的液压系统，只需一个储油加压油缸即可，使用时液压油用量少，为现有挤压机使用油量的1/3，且工作时液压油温度可得以有效控制，进而有效延长液压油的使用期限，由此也节约了设备的使用成本。
2、本发明的储油缸筒、主油缸和增压油缸呈一体式结构水平安装在固定底座上，在储油缸筒、主油缸之间设有充液阀，挤压机快进时充液阀打开使储油缸筒内的液压油以较小阻力快速直接通过充液阀供油至主油缸内。当挤压机快速前进结束转入工进状态，充液阀关闭，高压油经油路板通过压力管道对主油缸和副缸供油，挤压结束后，主油缸后退，冲液阀打开，主油缸内的液压油经冲液阀直接快速流回储油缸内，由此实现快进工作，快速退油的功能，有效地提高挤压效率。
3、本发明的冷却箱上设有进风口和出风口，所述出风口上设有排风机，由此，有效快速的对经过冷却管内的工作回流高温液压油进行快速冷却降温，更好保证液压油的使用温度，保证挤压机的运行性能。
4、本发明的供油部分的液压系统为封闭式供油，由此有效地避免液压油容易受污染，更好的保证挤压机的稳定性能。具体的，该密封式的液压系统避免混入灰尘等杂物，保持液压油的清洁度，延缓了液压油的工作寿命，而且由于使用密封压力输送液压油，进而使机器工作穏定，降低油温，减少躁音。由此解决现有挤压机油路与大气接触，影响质量和使用期限等问题，有效的提高挤压机液压油的使用质量和延长使用期限，同时大大减低液压油用量，使液压油的工作寿命由现有使用寿命提高2-3倍，减少换油和处理废油的成本，并减少环境污染，和提高液压伺服油泵组的使用寿命，经济效益相当明显。
5、本发明采用密封式加压液压回路，由于充液阀安装在储油缸筒，在挤压机快进时充液阀打开，使储液缸筒内的液压油能以较小阻力快速直接通过充液阀供油 至主油缸内，由此缩短起压时间，有效提高生产效率。
6、本发明的加压油路中设有温度传感器，该温度传感器的输出信号线路连接于排风机和循环水泵控制线路，由此可通过主电柜自动控制，实现液压油恒温降温的控制功能。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
图2为本发明的俯视图。
图3为图2的E-E剖视图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
参照图1至图3所示的紧凑型闭式加压液压系统型材挤压机，包括固定底座1和固定底座1上的挤压部分2、供油部分3和主电柜4，所述的挤压部分2包括有挤压杆21、挤压油缸22、盛锭筒23和模座24，所述挤压油缸22包括主油缸221、副缸222、盛锭缸、剪刀缸和模座缸各工作油缸，其特征是：所述的供油部分3包括有加压油缸31、油路板33、冷却机构34、电机泵组7、液压回路和充液阀5；
所述加压油缸31由储油缸筒311和增压缸312组成，该增压缸312由液压油或压缩空气驱动，储油缸筒311内设有加压活塞313，所述增压缸312由活塞杆推动加压活塞313对储油缸筒311内的液压油进行加压，使储油缸内压力达到1-2Kg/cm 2；储油缸筒311内的容积与挤压机各油缸的总容积相匹配，具体的储油缸筒311内的容积与挤压机各工作油缸的总容积大致相同，所述的储油缸筒311、主油缸221和增压油缸312呈一体式结构水平安装在固定底座1上；
所述油路板33为挤压机各油缸的控制组件；
所述冷却机构34用于冷却液压油，与现有技术基本相同，包括有冷却箱341、冷却管342、集水槽343、喷淋管344和循环水泵345，所述的冷却管342为设在冷却箱341内的散热管，所述集水槽343设在冷却管342下方用于蓄水；所述喷淋管344安装在冷却管上方，喷淋管344上安装有若干个喷淋头由循环水泵345供水，蓄水输送至冷却管342上方对冷却管进行均匀喷淋；所述循环水泵345安装在底座上1与集水槽相连，使循环水泵345吸取集水槽343的蓄水经喷淋管344上的若干个喷淋头对冷却管342进行喷水降温；所述的冷却箱341上设有进风口3411和出风口3412，该进风口3411设在冷却管342和集水槽343之间位置处，出风口3412设在冷却箱341的上方，冷却机构34工作时喷淋水和空气形成接触对流从而把水和冷却管342的热量带走，达到降温效果；
所述电机泵组7用于挤压机工作时产生液压油高压系统压力，该电机泵组7由一个或多电机71和高压油泵72组成；
所述液压回路包括有泵吸油管61、输油管一62、输油管二63、工作油管一321、工作油管二322和回油管35；所述的泵吸油管61为冷却机构34至电机泵组7之间的油路；所述的工作油管一321为电机泵组7至油路板33之间的油路；所述的工作油管二322为油路板33至挤压机各工作油缸之间的油路；所述的输油管二63 为储油缸筒311和回油管35之间相通的油路；所述的回油管35为油路板33至冷却机构34之间的油路，该回油管35通过输油管一62与冷却机构34相连通；所述的充液阀5设在主油缸221上与储油缸筒311相通；
所述液压回路由泵吸油管61供油，通过电机泵组7产生高压系统压力，由工作油管一321与油路板33连接，经油路板33由液压阀控制分配高压液压油经由工作油管二322对挤压机的各工作油缸提供动力，从挤压机各工作油缸返回的液压油经油路板33流入回油管35，回油管35与储液缸筒311相连通；储液缸筒311内的液压油经回油管35由输油管一62输送到冷却机构34，液压油经冷却机构34冷却后由泵吸油管61供给电机泵组7，形成密封式加压液压回路。
实施例中，所述输油管二63设在储油缸筒311靠近主油缸221位置处，实现液压油更好的回流、及回流至冷却机构34冷却。所述的冷却管342为设置冷却箱341内的若干条管道组成，冷却管为往复多次绕行结构，以增加热交换面积。
为了提高冷却机构34的冷却性能，所述出风口3412上设有排风机3413，应用时，所述的进风口3411引进新风进入冷却箱341内，在排风机3413的作用下穿过冷却管342从出风口3412排出，由此，对冷却管342进行降温，即实现对冷却管342内回流的液压油降温功能，同时，为了进一步加强冷却管342的散热冷却功能，所述的喷淋管344通过循环水泵345吸取集水槽343内存蓄的冷却水至冷却管342上方喷洒至冷却管342的表面上，由此加快水的循环利用，增强冷却效果。
为了节省能耗，所述回油管37中设有温度传感器，该温度传感器的输出信号线路连接于排风机3413或/和循环水泵345控制线路，应用时，通过温度传感器感应液压油的温度，通过主电柜4智能控制排风机或循环水泵345的工作状态，实现液压油在恒温状态下工作，如液压油温度在正常范围内，排风机3413或循环水泵345停止工作，当液压油温度超出设置范围较小时，启动排风机3413运行工作；当液压油温度超出设置范围较大时，同时启动排风机3413和循环水泵345运行工作。
具体应用时：
所述液压回路由泵吸油管61供油，通过电机泵组7产生高压系统压力，由工作油路一321与油路板33连接，经油路板33由液压阀控制分配高压液压油经由工作油路二322对挤压机工作的主油缸221、副缸222、承锭缸、剪刀缸等的各工作油缸提供动力，从挤压机各工作油缸返回的液压油经油路板33流入回油管35，回油管35与储油缸筒311由输油管二63相连通；储液缸筒311内的液压油、及挤压机各工作油缸返回的液压油经回油管35由输油管一62输送到冷却机构34，液压油经冷却机构34却后由泵吸油管61供给高压油泵72，形成密封式加压液压回路。
所述充液阀5固定在主油缸221上，位于储油缸筒311内，挤压机快进时充液阀5打开，使储油缸筒311内的液压油以较小阻力直接快速通过充液阀5供油至主油缸221内。当挤压机快速前进结束转入工进状态，充液阀5关闭，高压油经油路板33通过工作油路二322对主油缸221和副缸222供油。挤压结束后，主油缸221后退，冲液阀5打开，主油缸221内的液压油经冲液阀5直接快速流回储油缸筒311内。

Claims (6)

  1. 紧凑型闭式加压液压系统型材挤压机，包括固定底座(1)和固定底座(1)上的挤压部分(2)、供油部分(3)和主电柜(4)，所述的挤压部分(2)包括有挤压杆(21)、挤压油缸(22)、盛锭筒(23)和模座(24)，所述挤压油缸(22)包括主油缸(221)、副缸(222)、盛锭缸、剪刀缸和模座缸各工作油缸；所述的供油部分(3)包括有加压油缸(31)、油路板(33)、冷却机构(34)、电机泵组(7)、液压回路和充液阀(5)，其特征是：
    所述加压油缸(31)由储油缸筒(311)和增压缸(312)组成，该增压缸(312)由液压油或压缩空气驱动，储油缸筒(311)内设有加压活塞(313)，所述增压缸(312)由活塞杆推动加压活塞(313)对储油缸筒(311)内的液压油进行加压；储油缸筒(311)内的容积与挤压机各油缸的总容积相匹配，所述的储油缸筒(311)、主油缸(221)和增压油缸(312)呈一体式结构水平安装在固定底座(1)上；
    所述油路板(33)用于挤压机工作时产生液压油高压系统压力；
    所述冷却机构(34)用于冷却液压油；
    所述电机泵组(7)用于产生液压油挤压工作的高压系统压力；
    所述液压回路包括有泵吸油管(61)、输油管一(62)、输油管二(63)、工作油管一(321)、工作油管二(322)和回油管(35)；
    所述的泵吸油管(61)为冷却机构(34)至电机泵组(7)之间的油路；
    所述的工作油管一(321)为电机泵组(7)至油路板(33)之间的油路；
    所述的工作油管二(322)为油路板(33)至挤压机各工作油缸之间的油路；
    所述的输油管二(63)为储油缸筒(311)和回油管(35)之间相通的油路；
    所述的回油管(35)为油路板(33)至冷却机构(34)之间的油路，该回油管(35)通过输油管一(62)与冷却机构(34)相连通；
    所述的充液阀(5)设在主油缸(221)上与储油缸筒(311)相通；
    所述液压回路由泵吸油管(61)供油，通过电机泵组(7)产生高压系统压力，由工作油管一(321)与油路板(33)连接，经油路板(33)由液压阀控制分配高压液压油经由工作油管二(322)对挤压机的各工作油缸提供动力，从挤压机各工作油缸返回的液压油经油路板(33)流入回油管(35)，回油管(35)与储液缸筒(311)相连通；储液缸筒(311)内的液压油、及挤压机各工作油缸返回的液压油经回油管(35)由输油管一(62)输送到冷却机构(34)，液压油经冷却机构(34)冷却后由泵吸油管(61)供给电机泵组(7)，形成密封式加压液压回路。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的紧凑型闭式加压液压系统型材挤压机，其特征是：所述输油管二(63)设在储油缸筒(311)靠近主油缸(221)位置处。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的紧凑型闭式加压液压系统型材挤压机，其特征是：所述的冷却管(342)为设置冷却箱(341)内的若干条管道组成，冷却管为往复多次绕行结构。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的紧凑型闭式加压液压系统型材挤压机，其特征是：所述出风口(3412)上设有排风机(3413)。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的紧凑型闭式加压液压系统型材挤压机，其特征是：所述回油管(322)中设有温度传感器，该温度传感器的输出信号线路连接于排风机(3413)或/和循环水泵(345)控制线路。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的紧凑型闭式加压液压系统型材挤压机，其特征是：所述电机泵组(7)由一个或多电机(71)和高压油泵(72)组成。
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