WO2020248490A1 - 一种转向架 - Google Patents

一种转向架 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020248490A1
WO2020248490A1 PCT/CN2019/117503 CN2019117503W WO2020248490A1 WO 2020248490 A1 WO2020248490 A1 WO 2020248490A1 CN 2019117503 W CN2019117503 W CN 2019117503W WO 2020248490 A1 WO2020248490 A1 WO 2020248490A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
side beam
air chamber
bogie
axle box
plate
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/117503
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郭继祥
张晓军
李得花
卢权
李会
董磊
房建国
Original Assignee
中车唐山机车车辆有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 中车唐山机车车辆有限公司 filed Critical 中车唐山机车车辆有限公司
Priority to EP19932571.3A priority Critical patent/EP3984854A4/en
Publication of WO2020248490A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020248490A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/26—Mounting or securing axle-boxes in vehicle or bogie underframes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/26—Mounting or securing axle-boxes in vehicle or bogie underframes
    • B61F5/30—Axle-boxes mounted for movement under spring control in vehicle or bogie underframes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F19/00—Wheel guards; Bumpers; Obstruction removers or the like
    • B61F19/02—Wheel guards
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/26—Mounting or securing axle-boxes in vehicle or bogie underframes
    • B61F5/30—Axle-boxes mounted for movement under spring control in vehicle or bogie underframes
    • B61F5/308—Axle-boxes mounted for movement under spring control in vehicle or bogie underframes incorporating damping devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/50—Other details
    • B61F5/52—Bogie frames

Definitions

  • the application relates to the technical field of rail trains, in particular to a bogie.
  • the bogies of rail trains need to operate under harsh conditions, and the vibration frequency of the bogies is also very large.
  • the bogie is an important part of the rail train, which bears and transmits forces from all directions.
  • the quality of the bogie has an important influence on the rail train.
  • Traditional bogies are heavy in weight and complex in structure.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a bogie to solve the technical problem of heavy weight of traditional bogies.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a bogie, including:
  • a wheel set includes an axle and two wheels, the two wheels are sleeved and fixed on the outer peripheral surface of the axle;
  • the axle box includes a door frame-shaped axle box body, the axle box is seated on the axle through the bottom opening of the axle box body; wherein the top of the axle box body is provided with a system Suspension system installation interface;
  • a series suspension system the first series suspension system is installed on the top of the axle box main body through the first series suspension system installation interface.
  • the section of the axle box body is a door frame shape, and the bottom of the axle box body has a bottom opening, that is, the bottom of the axle box body does not have a closed frame.
  • the control of the weight of the box further facilitates the control of the weight of the bogie, and also facilitates the installation of the axle box main body and the axle;
  • the primary suspension system is installed in the primary suspension system through the primary suspension system installation interface.
  • the top of the axle box body effectively utilizes the top of the axle box body, which facilitates the control of the weight of the axle box, and thus facilitates the control of the weight of the bogie, and can adapt to the development trend of lightweight bogies.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a bogie in an embodiment of the application
  • FIG 2 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the wheelset and axle box of the bogie shown in Figure 1;
  • FIG 3 is a schematic diagram of the single tie rod of the bogie shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a bogie frame in an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the side beams of the bogie frame shown in Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the cross beam of the bogie frame shown in Figure 4.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the traction device of the bogie shown in Figure 1;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the additional air chamber of the secondary air spring in the middle of the side beam shown in FIG. 5;
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the side beam end seat of the side beam shown in Fig. 5.
  • axle box 300 axle box, 310 axle box main body, 311 series suspension system installation interface, 330 series vertical oil damper with flanges, 340 obstacle removal device with vertical plate,
  • 800 traction device 810 traction support, 820 fixed column, 831 longitudinal fixed plate, 832 longitudinal traction block, 841 wear plate, 842 horizontal block,
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a bogie according to an embodiment of the application
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the wheelset and axle box of the bogie shown in Fig. 1.
  • the bogie of the embodiment of the present application includes:
  • a wheel set includes an axle 210 and two wheels 220, the two wheels 220 are sleeved and fixed on the outer peripheral surface of the axle 210;
  • the axle box 300 includes an axle box body 310 with a door frame shape in cross section, and the axle box 300 is seated on the axle 210 through a bottom opening of the axle box body 310; wherein, the axle box body A suspension system installation interface 311 is provided on the top of the device;
  • a series suspension system, the first series suspension system is installed on the top of the axle box body through the first series suspension system installation interface 311.
  • the cross section of the axle box body is a door frame shape
  • the bottom of the axle box body has a bottom opening, that is, the bottom of the axle box body has no closed frame, which is different from the traditional closed frame shape.
  • the first suspension system passes through the first suspension system.
  • the suspension system installation interface is installed on the top of the axle box body, which effectively utilizes the top of the axle box body, which is conducive to the control of the weight of the axle box, which in turn is beneficial to the control of the weight of the bogie, and can be adapted to steering
  • the development trend of frame lightweight
  • the specific position of the axle box on the axle may be the position in the specific embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and the axle box 300 is located between the two wheels 220.
  • the axle box is arranged at the part between the two wheels of the axle, that is, the way the axle box is built-in makes full use of the part of the axle between the two wheels.
  • the built-in axle box makes the length of the axle shorter, which is beneficial to control the weight of the bogie and can adapt to the development trend of lightweight bogie.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the single tie rod of the bogie shown in Figure 1.
  • the bogie also includes a single tie rod 410 and a side beam 100; wherein the end of the side beam is arranged on the primary suspension system, and the The middle part of the side beam has a side beam single tie rod interface;
  • the axle box also includes a single tie rod flanging, the single tie rod flanging is provided at the end of the axle box body on the side close to the middle of the side beam, the single tie rod Flanging with axle box single pull rod interface;
  • both ends of the single tie rod are respectively fixed with the axle box single tie rod interface and the side beam single tie rod interface through elastic connectors to transmit the load along the running direction of the bogie, that is, the single tie rod acts as A series of positioning rods are used to position the first series of suspension systems.
  • the single tie rod is fixed to the single tie rod through the axle box single tie rod interface and the side beam single tie rod interface through the elastic connecting member, so that the elastic connection between the axle box and the side beam is realized.
  • the axle box is integrated with the axle box single tie rod interface, which makes full use of the structure of the axle box, which is conducive to the control of the weight of the bogie, and can adapt to the development trend of lightweight bogies; at the same time, the single tie rod and the axle box single tie rod
  • the interface and the side beam single tie rod interface are fixed by elastic connectors.
  • the single tie rod transmits traction and braking force
  • the side beams are elastically connected, traction and braking
  • the transmission process is smooth and the vibration is small, and the vibration of the bogie during acceleration and deceleration is small.
  • the bogie also includes a series of vertical hydraulic shock absorbers 510:
  • the axle box 300 also includes a series of vertical oil pressure damper flanges 330, and the first series of vertical oil pressure damper flanges 330 are arranged on the axle box body away from the At the end of one side in the middle of the side beam, the flange 330 for a series of vertical oil pressure damper has a series of vertical oil pressure damper interface;
  • the first series of vertical oil pressure damper 510 is installed with the axle box through the first series of vertical oil pressure damper interface.
  • the axle box integrates a series of vertical hydraulic shock absorber interface, which makes full use of the structure of the axle box, which is beneficial to the control of the weight of the bogie and can adapt to the development trend of lightweight bogies.
  • the bogie also includes an obstacle clearing device 600;
  • the axle box further includes a vertical plate 340 for the obstacle removal device.
  • the vertical plate 340 for the obstacle removal device protrudes downward from the end of the flange for the first series of vertical hydraulic shock absorbers.
  • the vertical board 340 is provided with an interface for the troubleshooting device;
  • the troubleshooting device is installed with the axle box through the interface of the troubleshooting device.
  • the troubleshooting device is installed with the axle box through the interface of the troubleshooting device, and the installation of the axle box and the troubleshooting device is realized.
  • the axle box is integrated with the interface of the obstacle removal device, which makes full use of the structure of the axle box.
  • the installation on the axle box greatly reduces the structure size of the obstacle removal device, and the weight is greatly reduced compared with the traditional structure installed at the end of the side beam. It is conducive to the control of the weight of the bogie and can adapt to the development trend of lightweight bogies.
  • the main body of the obstacle removal device is formed by bending a steel pipe, and the structure is simple and compact.
  • the floor is welded with a mounting seat plate, and the mounting seat plate is fixed with the interface of the obstacle removal device of the axle box by 4 bolts.
  • the axle box is an integrated structure formed by integral casting or forging.
  • the axle box adopts an integrated structure of integral casting or forging, which can reduce the welding seam of the axle box and enhance the firmness of the axle box.
  • each of the wheel sets corresponds to two axle boxes, and the two axle boxes are symmetrically arranged with respect to the midpoint of the axle;
  • the wheel sets are in two groups, and the two sets of wheel sets are symmetrically arranged with respect to the middle of the side beam.
  • a single wheel set is a symmetric structure, and the two wheel sets are also a symmetric structure with respect to the middle of the side beam.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the bogie frame of the embodiment of the application
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the side beams of the bogie frame shown in FIG. 4
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the cross beams of the bogie frame shown in FIG.
  • the bogie also includes a cross beam 700 fixed to the side beams, and the cross beam has a traction device mounting hole 710 running through it up and down;
  • the cross beam is fixedly connected to the two side beams to form a frame;
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the traction device of the bogie shown in Fig. 1.
  • the bogie also includes a traction device 800, which includes a traction support 810, a fixed column 820, a longitudinal fixed plate 831 and an elastic longitudinal traction block 832.
  • the traction support 810 is used to connect with the body of the train;
  • the fixed column 820 is fixed under the traction support 810, and the longitudinal traction block 832 is respectively fixed on two sides of the fixed column that are consistent with the gauge direction of the bogie.
  • One of the longitudinal fixing plates 831 is fixed on the outer side of the stop 832;
  • the longitudinal fixing plate 831 is fixed to the inner wall of the traction device installation hole that is consistent with the gauge direction of the bogie by a fastener.
  • the frame transmits traction and braking force to the traction device through the cross beam
  • the longitudinal traction block is elastic, that is, the cross beam and the traction device are elastically connected
  • the transmission process of traction and braking is gentle, and the vibration is small, and then the bogie
  • the vibration during acceleration and deceleration is very small; furthermore, when the train using the bogie starts and brakes, the impact on the train is small, and passengers feel comfortable.
  • the longitudinal traction block is a longitudinal traction block made of rubber material.
  • the traction device further includes a wear plate 841 and an elastic lateral stop 842;
  • the two sides of the fixing column that are perpendicular to the gauge direction of the bogie are respectively fixed to the wear plate 841, and the transverse stop 842 is fixed in the traction device installation hole and is perpendicular to the gauge direction of the bogie
  • the inner wall surface can be replaced separately after the wear plate is damaged.
  • the crossbeam is elastic, that is, the crossbeam and the traction device are elastically connected, the transfer process of the force to change the direction of the bogie is in the gauge of the bogie The direction is gentle, the vibration is small, and the vibration of the bogie is small during the steering process.
  • the lateral stop is a lateral stop of rubber material.
  • the bogie of the second embodiment of the present application on the basis of the first embodiment, further includes the following features.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of an additional air chamber of the secondary air spring in the middle of the side beam shown in Fig. 5. As shown in Figure 4, Figure 5 and Figure 8, an additional air chamber for the secondary air spring of the bogie is formed in the middle of the side beam;
  • the additional air chamber of the secondary air spring includes a main air chamber 111 and an auxiliary air chamber 112.
  • the main air chamber 111 and the auxiliary air chamber 112 are arranged side by side in the width direction of the side beam and communicate with each other.
  • the main air chamber 111 is a part located between the two main air chamber partitions 131 after the inner cavity of the side beam body is divided by two main air chamber partitions 131;
  • the side beam main body includes a side beam upper cover 121 and a side beam lower cover 122 that are arranged oppositely, and two side beam vertical plates 123 fixed between the side beam upper cover and the lower cover plate. .
  • the additional air chamber of the secondary air spring of the bogie is arranged in the middle of the side member, and the additional air chamber of the secondary air spring plays a role to provide an additional air chamber for the air spring
  • the additional air chamber of the secondary air spring provided in the middle of the side beam makes the bogie structure of the embodiment of the present application simple.
  • the main air chamber of the additional air chamber of the secondary air spring is set in the inner cavity of the side member body.
  • the auxiliary air chambers arranged side by side with the main air chamber in the width direction of the side member are set in the side member body.
  • the main air chamber in the additional air chamber of the secondary air spring of the embodiment of the present application is arranged in the side beam of the frame.
  • the structure of the main air chamber is relatively large, and the location of the main air chamber can be selected to be closer to the middle of the side beam of the secondary air spring.
  • only the auxiliary air chamber can be set The simple structure is increased, and the space of the additional air chamber of the secondary air spring is increased, while the influence on the structure of the side beam is small.
  • the inner cavity of the side beam main body is the space enclosed by the side beam upper cover 121, the side beam lower cover 122 and the two side beam vertical plates 123; wherein the side beam The board surface of the beam stand is along the length direction of the side beam.
  • the inner cavity of the side member body is a space along the length direction of the side member.
  • Two main air chamber partitions 131 separate the inner cavity of the side beam body, and the part of the inner cavity of the side beam body between the two main air chamber partitions forms a main air chamber 111. Therefore, the structure of the main air chamber is very simple, which is convenient for processing and manufacturing.
  • the vertical part of the auxiliary air chamber is enclosed by the auxiliary air chamber enclosure plate 132 and the outer plate surface of the connecting side beam vertical plate 123-1;
  • the side beam upper cover plate 121 is also sealed on the vertical part of the auxiliary air chamber as the top of the auxiliary air chamber, and the side beam lower cover plate 122 is also sealed in the vertical direction of the auxiliary air chamber.
  • the bottom part is used as the bottom of the auxiliary air chamber;
  • the connecting side beam vertical plate 123-1 is a side beam vertical plate having a communicating air hole, and the communicating air hole 123-2 is used to communicate the main air chamber 111 and the auxiliary air chamber 112.
  • the connecting side beam vertical plate 123-1 is not only the side beam vertical plate of the side beam, which provides sufficient support for the side beam, but also a component of the main air chamber and the auxiliary air chamber. It effectively utilizes the necessary structure of the side beam and is beneficial to The weight reduction of the bogie; the top of the main air chamber and the top of the auxiliary air chamber are borne by the upper cover plate of the side beam, and the bottom of the main air chamber and the bottom of the auxiliary air chamber are borne by the lower cover plate of the side beam.
  • the structure is simple and welded Less, conducive to processing and manufacturing.
  • the structure of the main air chamber and the structure of the auxiliary air chamber are very simple structures, which are easy to manufacture.
  • the side beam further includes a hollow column 140;
  • the hollow column 140 penetrates the upper cover plate of the side beam from the inner bottom of the auxiliary air chamber upward to form a secondary air spring installation interface 121-1; wherein, the side wall of the hollow column has a side wall communicating with the inner and outer sides of the hollow column ⁇ vent 141, the top outer surfaces of the main air chamber and the auxiliary air chamber are used as secondary air spring mounting seats;
  • the hollow column penetrates the upper cover plate of the side beam upward from the inner bottom of the main air chamber to form a secondary air spring installation interface.
  • the lower ends of the hollow columns are fixed to the inner bottom of the side beam lower cover plate, the upper ends of the hollow columns all penetrate the side beam upper cover plate, and the hollow columns are on the side beam lower cover plate and the side beam
  • the cover plates also play a role of support and reinforcement; in addition, the structure of the air chamber and the structure of the auxiliary air chamber are very simple structures, which are convenient for processing and manufacturing.
  • the setting position of the installation interface of the second series air spring needs to comprehensively consider the setting of other parts of the bogie. After the position of the installation interface of the second series air spring is determined, the position of the hollow column is determined according to the position of the installation interface of the second series air spring.
  • Secondary air spring installation seat The secondary air spring installation provides installation and positioning.
  • the relative position of the main air chamber and the auxiliary air chamber may be that the main air chamber 111 and the auxiliary air chamber 112 are arranged side by side in the gauge direction of the bogie as shown in FIGS. 5 and 8 arrangement;
  • main air chamber and the auxiliary air chamber are arranged side by side from the outside to the inside in the gauge direction of the bogie.
  • the relative positions of the main air chamber and the auxiliary air chamber can be comprehensively considered for the arrangement of other parts of the bogie.
  • a main air chamber stiffener plate 111-1 may be provided in the main air chamber, and the main air chamber stiffener plate 111-1 has ventilation holes;
  • the main air chamber stiffener plate is used to reinforce the structure of the main air chamber.
  • the arrangement of the reinforcing ribs of the main air chamber can strengthen the main air chamber and the side beams.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the side beam end seat of the side beam shown in FIG. 5. As shown in FIG. 9, the side beam further includes two side beam end seats 160;
  • the side beam end seat includes a side beam end bottom plate 161, a fixing structure 162 and a stone sweeper mounting seat 163 respectively formed at both ends of the side beam end bottom plate;
  • the fixing structure is fixed to one end of the side beam main body.
  • the side beam end seat of the above structure is an open and special-shaped structure, and does not form the box structure of the side beam end in the traditional technology.
  • it is beneficial to reduce weight and control the weight of the side beam and the bogie.
  • it can Set up other structures, such as fixed structure and stone sweeper mounting seat, compact structure.
  • the stone sweeper mounting seat 163 may be bent upward relative to the side beam end bottom plate 161; it may also be the stone sweeper mounting seat relative to the side beam end bottom plate. Bend down.
  • the bending direction of the rock sweeper mounting seat relative to the bottom plate of the end part of the side beam can be selected according to actual needs in comprehensive consideration of other parts of the bogie.
  • the side beam end seat in order to reinforce the side beam end seat, further includes an end seat reinforcing rib plate 164;
  • the end seat stiffener plate 164 is formed on the side beam end bottom plate and fixedly connects the fixing structure 162 and the stone sweeper mounting seat 163, and the end seat stiffener plate 164 has a bogie lift Hanging holes 164-1.
  • the end seat stiffener plate can not only reinforce the side beam end seat, but also provide lifting holes for the bogie, which is beneficial to the weight reduction of the bogie.
  • the side beam end seat can also be formed with a plurality of functional mounting seats. As shown in Figure 9, the side beam end seat may also include a series of suspension system mounting seats 165;
  • the first suspension system mounting seat 165 is formed on the side beam end bottom plate 161, and the first suspension system mounting seat 165 is fixedly connected to the fixing structure 162 and the end seat reinforcement plate 164 .
  • the first suspension system mounting seat is directly arranged on the side beam end seat, and the side beam end seat can well withstand the vibration transmitted by the first suspension system.
  • the first suspension system mounting seat and the fixed structure and the end The fixed connection of the seat reinforcing rib plate can strengthen the side beam end seat.
  • the first suspension system mounting seat 165 is two and is arranged symmetrically with respect to the end seat reinforcing rib 164, and the first suspension system mounting seat 165 is pressed against the first suspension system Above.
  • the symmetrical arrangement of the primary suspension system mounting seat facilitates the force transmission of the primary suspension system.
  • the side beam end seat also includes a series of vertical oil damper mounting seats 166;
  • the first series of vertical oil damper mounting seat 166 is formed on the side beam end bottom plate 161, and the first series of vertical oil damper mounting seat 166 and the stone sweeper mounting seat 163 It is fixedly connected to the end seat reinforcing rib 164.
  • the fixed connection of the first series of vertical oil pressure damper mounting seat, the stone sweeper mounting seat and the end seat reinforcing rib plate can strengthen the side beam end seat.
  • the first series of vertical oil damper mounting seats 166 are two and are arranged symmetrically with respect to the reinforcing rib plate of the end seat.
  • the symmetrically arranged one series of vertical oil pressure damper mounting seat and the corresponding one series of vertical oil pressure damper are beneficial to damping vibration.
  • the side beam end seat 160 is an integrated side beam end seat formed by integral casting or forging.
  • the side beam end seat of the integrated structure can reduce the welding seam of the side beam, not only can strengthen the firmness of the side beam, reduce the difficulty of manufacturing the bogie, but also can effectively absorb the shock, avoiding the use of complicated welding structure.
  • Various welding defects and stress concentration problems can be used.
  • the bogie frame also includes four tread cleaning device mounting seats 910, two anti-snaking oil pressure damper mounting seats 920, two anti-rolling torsion bar mounting seats 930 and four A series of tie rod bases are welded together.
  • the two side beams are formed by welding steel plates and cast parts, and the cross beams are formed by tailor-welding steel plates and are respectively connected to the middle part of the inner side of the side beams, and are tailor-welded with the side beam components and other parts to form the frame.
  • the bogie also includes a secondary suspension system, which consists of secondary air springs, secondary vertical hydraulic shock absorbers, secondary transverse hydraulic shock absorbers and secondary transverse buffers.
  • the lower part of the secondary air spring is located on the air spring seat through the secondary air spring installation interface in the middle of the side beam, and the upper end is connected to the vehicle body; one end of the secondary vertical hydraulic shock absorber is connected to the secondary air spring on the frame
  • the sag seat is connected, and the other end is connected with the car body sag seat; one end of the second series transverse oil pressure damper is connected with the second series transverse oil damper mounting seat of the frame, and the other end is connected with the traction beam on the traction device Mounting seat connection.
  • the secondary air spring adopts a spiral air spring.
  • the bogie also includes an anti-rolling torsion bar device, which is installed on the anti-rolling mounting seat of the frame, which can effectively improve the anti-rolling rigidity and safety of the train.
  • the main anti-rolling torsion bar adopts the torsion arm beam
  • the arc structure can effectively improve the space layout and effective utilization of the bogie, making the structure more compact.
  • the bogie also includes an anti-snake-shaped shock absorber.
  • connection can also be detachable or integrated; it can be mechanical connection, electrical connection, or communication; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication between two components Or the interaction between two elements.
  • connection can also be detachable or integrated; it can be mechanical connection, electrical connection, or communication; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication between two components Or the interaction between two elements.
  • the "on" or “under” of the first feature of the second feature may include direct contact between the first feature and the second feature, or include the first feature.
  • the second feature is not in direct contact but is in contact with another feature between them.
  • "above”, “above” and “above” the second feature of the first feature include the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or it simply means that the level of the first feature is higher than the second feature.
  • the first feature "below”, “below” and “below” the second feature includes the first feature directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or it simply means that the first feature has a lower level than the second feature.

Abstract

一种转向架，包括：轮对，轮对包括车轴（210）和两个车轮（220），两个车轮（220）套接固定在车轴（210）的外周面；轴箱（300），轴箱（300）包括截面为门框形的轴箱主体（310），轴箱（300）通过轴箱主体（310）的底部开口处坐落在车轴（210）上；其中，轴箱主体（310）的顶部设置有一系悬挂系统安装接口（311）；一系悬挂系统，一系悬挂系统通过一系悬挂系统安装接口（311）安装在轴箱主体（310）的顶部，能够解决传统转向架重量大的技术问题。

Description

一种转向架 技术领域
本申请涉及轨道列车技术领域，具体地，涉及一种转向架。
背景技术
随着轨道列车的不断发展，使得轨道列车的转向架需要在恶劣的条件下运行，转向架受到的振动频率也很大。转向架是轨道列车的重要组成部分，承受和传递来自各个方向的作用力，转向架的好坏对轨道列车具有重要的影响。传统的转向架，重量较大，且结构复杂。
因此，转向架的重量过大，是本领域技术人员急需要解决的技术问题。
在背景技术中公开的上述信息仅用于加强对本申请的背景的理解，因此其可能包含没有形成为本领域普通技术人员所知晓的相关技术的信息。
发明内容
本申请实施例中提供了一种转向架，以解决传统转向架重量大的技术问题。
本申请实施例提供了一种转向架，包括：
轮对，包括车轴和两个车轮，两个所述车轮套接固定在所述车轴的外周面；
轴箱，所述轴箱包括截面为门框形的轴箱主体，所述轴箱通过所述轴箱主体的底部开口处坐落在所述车轴上；其中，所述轴箱主体的顶部设置有一系悬挂系统安装接口；
一系悬挂系统，所述一系悬挂系统通过所述一系悬挂系统安装接口安装在所述轴箱主体的顶部。
本申请实施例由于采用以上技术方案，具有以下技术效果：
首先，轴箱主体的截面为门框形，轴箱主体的底部是有底部开口，即轴箱主体的底部是没有封闭用的边框的，与传统的封闭框形的轴箱相比，有利于轴 箱的重量的控制，进而有利于对转向架的重量的控制，同时也便于轴箱主体与所述车轴的安装；其次，所述一系悬挂系统通过所述一系悬挂系统安装接口安装在所述轴箱主体的顶部，有效的利用了所述轴箱主体的顶部，有利于轴箱的重量的控制，进而有利于对转向架的重量的控制，能够适应转向架轻量化的发展趋势。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解，构成本申请的一部分，本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请，并不构成对本申请的不当限定。在附图中：
图1为本申请实施例的转向架的示意图；
图2为图1所示转向架的轮对及轴箱的安装示意图；
图3为图1所示转向架的单拉杆的示意图；
图4为本申请实施例的转向架的构架的示意图；
图5为图4所示转向架的构架的侧梁的示意图；
图6为图4所示转向架的构架的横梁的示意图；
图7为图1所示转向架的牵引装置的示意图；
图8为图5所示侧梁的中部的二系空气弹簧的附加气室的示意图；
图9为图5所示侧梁的侧梁端部座的示意图。
附图标记说明：
100侧梁，111主气室，111-1主气室加强筋板，112副气室，
121侧梁上盖板，121-1二系空气弹簧安装接口，122侧梁下盖板，123侧梁立板，123-1连通用侧梁立板，123-2连通气孔，
131主气室隔板，132副气室围板，
140空心柱，141通气孔，
160侧梁端部座，161侧梁端部底板，162固定结构，163扫石器安装座，164端部座加强筋板，164-1转向架提吊孔，165一系悬挂系统安装座，166一 系垂向油压减振器安装座，
210车轴，220车轮，
300轴箱，310轴箱主体，311一系悬挂系统安装接口，330一系垂向油压减振器用翻边，340排障装置用立板，
410单拉杆，
510一系垂向油压减振器，
600排障装置，
700横梁，710牵引装置安装孔，
800牵引装置，810牵引支座，820固定柱，831纵向固定板，832纵向牵引挡，841磨耗板，842横向挡，
910踏面清扫装置安装座，920抗蛇形油压减振器安装座，930抗侧滚扭杆安装座。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请实施例中的技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图对本申请的示例性实施例进行进一步详细的说明，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本申请的一部分实施例，而不是所有实施例的穷举。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
实施例一
图1为本申请实施例的转向架的示意图；图2为图1所示转向架的轮对及轴箱的安装示意图。如图1和图2所示，本申请实施例的转向架，包括：
轮对，包括车轴210和两个车轮220，两个所述车轮220套接固定在所述车轴210的外周面；
轴箱300，所述轴箱包括截面为门框形的轴箱主体310，所述轴箱300通过所述轴箱主体310的底部开口处坐落在所述车轴210上；其中，所述轴箱主体的顶部设置有一系悬挂系统安装接口311；
一系悬挂系统，所述一系悬挂系统通过所述一系悬挂系统安装接口311安装在所述轴箱主体的顶部。
本申请实施例的转向架，首先，轴箱主体的截面为门框形，轴箱主体的底部是有底部开口，即轴箱主体的底部是没有封闭用的边框的，与传统的封闭框形的轴箱相比，有利于轴箱的重量的控制，进而有利于对转向架的重量的控制，同时也便于轴箱主体与所述车轴的安装；其次，所述一系悬挂系统通过所述一系悬挂系统安装接口安装在所述轴箱主体的顶部，有效的利用了所述轴箱主体的顶部，有利于轴箱的重量的控制，进而有利于对转向架的重量的控制，能够适应转向架轻量化的发展趋势。
实施中，关于轴箱设置在车轴上的具体位置，可以是如图1和图2所示具体实施例中的位置，所述轴箱300位于两个所述车轮220之间。
轴箱设置在车轴的两个车轮之间的部分，即轴箱内置的方式，充分利用了车轴位于两个车轮之间的部分。与传统技术中的轴箱外置相比，轴箱内置的方式，使得车轴的长度较短，有利于对转向架重量的控制，能够适应转向架轻量化的发展趋势。
图3为图1所示转向架的单拉杆的示意图。实施中，如图1和图3所示具体实施例中，转向架还包括单拉杆410和侧梁100；其中，所述侧梁的端部设置于所述一系悬挂系统之上，所述侧梁的中部具有侧梁单拉杆接口；
如图1所示，所述轴箱还包括单拉杆用翻边，所述单拉杆用翻边设置在所述轴箱主体靠近所述侧梁中部的一侧的端部，所述单拉杆用翻边具有轴箱单拉杆接口；
其中，所述单拉杆的两端分别与所述轴箱单拉杆接口和所述侧梁单拉杆接口通过弹性连接件固定，以传递沿所述转向架的运行方向的载荷，即单拉杆是作为一系定位拉杆，对一系悬挂系统进行定位。
这样，单拉杆通过轴箱单拉杆接口和所述侧梁单拉杆接口通过弹性连接件固定单拉杆，实现了轴箱和侧梁的弹性连接。轴箱集成有轴箱单拉杆接口，充 分利用了轴箱的结构，有利于对转向架重量的控制，能够适应转向架轻量化的发展趋势；同时，所述单拉杆与所述轴箱单拉杆接口和所述侧梁单拉杆接口通过弹性连接件固定，单拉杆传递牵引力和制动力时，由于弹性连接件的存在，即单拉杆和轴箱，侧梁之间是弹性连接，牵引力和制动的传递过程是平缓的，振动很小，进而转向架在加速和减速过程中的振动很小。
实施中，如图1所示具体实施例中，转向架还包括一系垂向油压减振器510：
如图2所示，所述轴箱300还包括一系垂向油压减振器用翻边330，所述一系垂向油压减振器用翻边330设置在所述轴箱主体远离所述侧梁中部的一侧的端部，所述一系垂向油压减振器用翻边330具有一系垂向油压减振器接口；
其中，所述一系垂向油压减振器510通过所述一系垂向油压减震器接口与所述轴箱安装。
这样，实现了轴箱和一系垂向油压减振器的安装。轴箱集成有一系垂向油压减振器接口，充分利用了轴箱的结构，有利于对转向架重量的控制，能够适应转向架轻量化的发展趋势。
实施中，如图1所示具体实施例中，转向架还包括排障装置600；
所述轴箱还包括排障装置用立板340，所述排障装置用立板340从所述一系垂向油压减振器用翻边的端部向下伸出，所述排障装置用立板340设置有排障装置接口；
其中，所述排障装置通过所述排障装置接口与所述轴箱安装。
这样，所述排障装置通过排障装置接口与所述轴箱安装，实现了轴箱和排障装置的安装。轴箱集成有排障装置接口，充分利用了轴箱的结构，同时，安装在轴箱上使排障装置结构尺寸大大减小，比传统的安装在侧梁端部的结构形式重量大大减少，有利于对转向架重量的控制，能够适应转向架轻量化的发展趋势。
具体的，如图1所示，排障装置的主体通过钢管折弯形成，结构简单而紧凑，地板焊接有安装座板，安装座板通过4条螺栓与轴箱的排障装置接口固定。
具体的，轴箱是整体铸造或锻造形成的一体化结构。
轴箱采用整体铸造或锻造的一体化结构，能够减少轴箱的焊缝，能够增强轴箱的坚固程度。
实施中，如图1和图2所示具体实施例中，每个所述轮对对应两个所述轴箱，两个所述轴箱相对于所述车轴的中点对称设置；
所述轮对是两组，两组所述轮对相对于所述侧梁的中部对称设置。
单个轮对是对称结构，两个轮对相对于侧梁的中部也是对称结构。
图4为本申请实施例的转向架的构架的示意图；图5为图4所示转向架的构架的侧梁的示意图；图6为图4所示转向架的构架的横梁的示意图。实施中，如图1，图4，图5和图6所示具体实施例中，转向架还包括与所述侧梁固定的横梁700，所述横梁具有上下贯穿的牵引装置安装孔710；其中，所述侧梁是两个，且两个所述侧梁的结构对称；所述横梁固定连接两个所述侧梁形成构架；
图7为图1所示转向架的牵引装置的示意图。如图1和图7所示，所述转向架还包括牵引装置800，所述牵引装置包括牵引支座810，固定柱820，纵向固定板831和弹性的纵向牵引挡832，所述牵引支座810用于与列车的车体连接；
所述固定柱820固定在所述牵引支座810之下，所述固定柱中与所述转向架的轨距方向一致的两侧面分别固定有所述纵向牵引挡832，每个所述纵向牵引挡832的外侧固定一个所述纵向固定板831；
其中，所述纵向固定板831通过紧固件与所述牵引装置安装孔中与所述转向架的轨距方向一致的内壁固定。
构架通过横梁向牵引装置传递牵引力和制动力时，由于纵向牵引挡是弹性的，即横梁和牵引装置之间是弹性连接，牵引力和制动的传递过程是平缓的，振动很小，进而转向架在加速和减速过程中的振动很小；进而使用转向架的列车在启动和制动时，对列车的冲击较小，乘客感受舒适。
具体的，所述纵向牵引挡是橡胶材料的纵向牵引挡。
实施中，如图6所示具体实施例中，所述牵引装置还包括磨耗板841和弹性的横向挡842；
所述固定柱中与所述转向架的轨距方向垂直的两侧面分别固定所述磨耗板841，所述横向挡842固定在所述牵引装置安装孔中与所述转向架的轨距方向垂直的内壁表面，在磨耗板损坏后可以单独进行更换。
构架通过横梁向牵引装置传递改变转向架方向的力的作用时，由于横向挡是弹性的，即横梁和牵引装置之间是弹性连接，改变转向架方向的力的传递过程在转向架的轨距方向是平缓的，振动很小，进而转向架在转向过程中的振动很小。
具体的，所述横向挡是橡胶材料的横向挡。
实施例二
本申请实施例二的转向架，在实施例一的基础上，还包括如下特征。
图8为图5所示侧梁的中部的二系空气弹簧的附加气室的示意图。如图4，图5和图8所示，所述侧梁的中部形成有转向架的二系空气弹簧的附加气室；
所述二系空气弹簧的附加气室包括主气室111和副气室112，所述主气室111和所述副气室112在所述侧梁的宽度方向并排排列且相互连通，所述主气室111是由两个主气室隔板131将侧梁主体的内腔分隔后位于两个所述主气室隔板131之间的部分；
其中，所述侧梁主体包括相对设置的侧梁上盖板121和侧梁下盖板122，固定在所述侧梁上盖板与所述下盖板之间的两个侧梁立板123。
本申请实施例的转向架，首先，转向架的二系空气弹簧的附加气室是设置在侧梁的中部的，二系空气弹簧的附加气室所起的作用是为空气弹簧提供附加气室；这样，与单独为二系空气弹簧单独设置附加气室风缸部件的复杂性相比，设置在侧梁的中部的二系空气弹簧的附加气室使得本申请实施例的转向架结 构简单。其次，二系空气弹簧的附加气室的主气室设置在侧梁主体的内腔中，那么，和主气室在侧梁的宽度方向并排排列的副气室则是设置在侧梁主体的内腔之外的，即主气室是设置在侧梁主体的内腔中，副气室是设置在侧梁主体的内腔之外。与传统的二系空气弹簧的附加气室设置在构架横梁的内腔中相比，本申请实施例的二系空气弹簧的附加气室中的主气室设置在构架侧梁中，由于侧梁的结构相对较大，主气室设置位置可以选择距离二系空气弹簧更近的侧梁的中部，另外，在不超出侧梁在宽度方向的限界的要求下，还能仅为设置副气室增加简单的结构，增加二系空气弹簧的附加气室的空间的同时，对侧梁的结构的影响较小。
具体的，如图5和图8所示，侧梁主体的内腔是侧梁上盖板121，侧梁下盖板122和两个侧梁立板123围成的空间；其中，所述侧梁立板的板面沿所述侧梁的长度方向。这样，侧梁主体的内腔是沿侧梁的长度方向的空间。两个主气室隔板131将侧梁主体的内腔分隔，侧梁主体的内腔在两个主气室隔板之间的部分形成主气室111。因此，主气室的结构结构都是非常简单的结构，便于加工制造。
实施中，关于副气室的结构，如图8所示，所述副气室的竖向部分由副气室围板132和连通用侧梁立板123-1的外板面围成；
所述侧梁上盖板121还封在所述副气室的竖向部分之上作为所述副气室的顶部，所述侧梁下盖板122还封在所述副气室的竖向部分之下作为所述副气室的底部；
其中，所述连通用侧梁立板123-1是具有连通气孔的侧梁立板，所述连通气孔123-2用于连通所述主气室111和所述副气室112。
连通用侧梁立板123-1既是侧梁的侧梁立板，为侧梁提供足够的支撑，又是主气室和副气室的组成部分，有效利用侧梁必有的结构，有利于转向架的减重；主气室的顶部和副气室的顶部都由侧梁上盖板承担，主气室的底部和副气室的底部都由侧梁下盖板承担，结构简单，焊接较少，有利于加工制造。主气 室的结构和副气室的结构都是非常简单的结构，便于加工制造。
实施中，为了实现主气室和副气室作为二系空气弹簧的附加气室的功能，还需要对应的结构实现。如图8所示，作为一种可选的方式，所述侧梁还包括空心柱140；
所述空心柱140自所述副气室的内底部向上贯穿所述侧梁上盖板形成二系空气弹簧安装接口121-1；其中，所述空心柱的侧壁具有连通所述空心柱内外的通气孔141，所述主气室和所述副气室的顶部外表面作为二系空气弹簧安装座；
或者，所述空心柱自所述主气室的内底部向上贯穿所述侧梁上盖板形成二系空气弹簧安装接口。
上述两种位置的空心柱，空心柱的下端都固定在所述侧梁下盖板的内底部，空心柱的上端都贯穿侧梁上盖板，空心柱在侧梁下盖板和侧梁上盖板之间还起到了支撑加固的作用；另外，进而气室的结构和副气室的结构都是非常简单的结构，便于加工制造。二系空气弹簧安装接口的设置位置需要综合考虑转向架的其他部件设置，在二系空气弹簧安装接口的位置确定后，根据二系空气弹簧安装接口的位置，确定空心柱的位置。二系空气弹簧安装座位二系空气弹簧安装提供安装及定位。
实施中，主气室和副气室的相对位置可以是如图5和图8所示的所述主气室111和所述副气室112在所述转向架的轨距方向由内向外并排排列；
还可以是所述主气室和所述副气室在所述转向架的轨距方向由外向内并排排列。
主气室和副气室的相对位置可以综合考虑转向架的其他部件设置。
实施中，如图8所示，为了加固主气室的结构，所述主气室内可以设置有主气室加强筋板111-1，所述主气室加强筋板111-1具有透气孔；
其中，所述主气室加强筋板用于加固所述主气室的结构。
所述主气室加强筋板的设置，能够加固主气室以及侧梁。
实施中，图9为图5所示侧梁的侧梁端部座的示意图，如图9所示，所述侧梁还包括两个侧梁端部座160；
所述侧梁端部座包括侧梁端部底板161，分别形成在所述侧梁端部底板两端的固定结构162和扫石器安装座163；
其中，所述固定结构与所述侧梁主体的一端固定。
上述结构的侧梁端部座是开放式的异型结构，没有形成传统技术中侧梁端部的箱式结构，一方面是有利于减重，控制侧梁及转向架的重量，同时，又能设置其他结构，如固定结构和扫石器安装座，结构紧凑。
实施中，如图9所示，可以是所述扫石器安装座163相对于所述侧梁端部底板161向上弯折；还可以是所述扫石器安装座相对于所述侧梁端部底板向下弯折。
扫石器安装座相对于所述侧梁端部底板的弯折方向可以综合考虑转向架的其他部件根据实际需要进行选择。
实施中，如图9所示，为了加固侧梁端部座，所述侧梁端部座还包括端部座加强筋板164；
所述端部座加强筋板164形成在所述侧梁端部底板之上固定连接所述固定结构162和所述扫石器安装座163，且所述端部座加强筋板164具有转向架提吊孔164-1。
这样，端部座加强筋板不仅能加固侧梁端部座，而且能提供转向架提吊孔，有利于转向架的减重。
实施中，侧梁端部座还可以形成有多个功能的安装座。如图9所示，所述侧梁端部座还可以包括一系悬挂系统安装座165；
所述一系悬挂系统安装座165形成在所述侧梁端部底板161之上，且所述一系悬挂系统安装座165与所述固定结构162和所述端部座加强筋板164固定连接。
一系悬挂系统安装座直接设置侧梁端部座上，侧梁端部座能很好的承受一 系悬挂系统传递的振动，所述一系悬挂系统安装座与所述固定结构和所述端部座加强筋板固定连接可以加固侧梁端部座。
如图9所示，所述一系悬挂系统安装座165是两个且相对于所述端部座加强筋板164对称设置，所述一系悬挂系统安装座165压在所述一系悬挂系统之上。
对称设置的所述一系悬挂系统安装座有利于一系悬挂系统进行力的传递。
如图9所示，所述侧梁端部座还包括一系垂向油压减振器安装座166；
所述一系垂向油压减振器安装座166形成在所述侧梁端部底板161之上，且所述一系垂向油压减振器安装座166与所述扫石器安装座163和所述端部座加强筋板164固定连接。
所述一系垂向油压减振器安装座与所述扫石器安装座和所述端部座加强筋板固定连接可以加固侧梁端部座。
如图9所示，所述一系垂向油压减振器安装座166是两个且相对于所述端部座加强筋板对称设置。
对称设置的所述一系垂向油压减振器安装座，对应的一系垂向油压减振器有利于减振。
实施中，如图9所示，所述侧梁端部座160是整体铸造或锻造形成的一体化侧梁端部座。
一体化结构的侧梁端部座能够减少侧梁的焊缝，不仅能够增强侧梁的坚固程度，降低转向架的制造难度，而且能够有效的进行避震，避免了采用复杂的焊接结构带来的各种焊接缺陷及应力集中问题。
实施中，如图4所示，转向架的构架还包括四个踏面清扫装置安装座910，两个抗蛇形油压减振器安装座920，两个抗侧滚扭杆安装座930及四个一系拉杆座焊接组成。两个所述侧梁采用钢板及铸造部件焊接组成，横梁采用钢板拼焊组成且分别连接在所述侧梁内侧的中部，与侧梁组成及其它部件拼焊组成所述构架。
实施中，转向架还包括二系悬挂系统，二系悬挂系统包括二系空气弹簧，二系垂向油压减震器，二系横向油压减振器及二系横向缓冲器组成。所述二系空气弹簧下部通过侧梁中部的二系空气弹簧安装接口坐落在空气弹簧座之上，上端与车体连接；所述二系垂向油压减震器一端与构架上的二系垂减座联接，另一端与车体垂减座联接；所述二系横向油压减振器一端与构架的二系横向油压减振器安装座联接，另一端与牵引装置牵引梁上的安装座联接。
具体的，二系空气弹簧采用螺空气弹簧。
实施中，转向架还包括抗侧滚扭杆装置，安装在构架的抗侧滚安装座上，可以有效提高列车的抗侧滚刚度及安全性，主要的抗侧滚扭杆的扭臂梁采用弧形结构，可以有效提高转向架的空间布局和有效利用率，使其结构更为紧凑。
实施中，转向架还包括抗蛇形减振器。
在本申请及其实施例的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“顶”、“底”、“高度”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
在本申请及其实施例中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“设置”、“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接，还可以是通信；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
在本申请及其实施例中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征之“上”或之“下”可以包括第一和第二特征直接接触，也可以包括第一和第二特征不是直接接触而是通过它们之间的另外的特征接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”包括第一特征在第二特征正上方和斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之 下”、“下方”和“下面”包括第一特征在第二特征正上方和斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
上文的公开提供了许多不同的实施方式或例子用来实现本申请的不同结构。为了简化本申请的公开，上文中对特定例子的部件和设置进行描述。当然，它们仅仅为示例，并且目的不在于限制本申请。此外，本申请可以在不同例子中重复参考数字和/或参考字母，这种重复是为了简化和清楚的目的，其本身不指示所讨论各种实施方式和/或设置之间的关系。此外，本申请提供了的各种特定的工艺和材料的例子，但是本领域普通技术人员可以意识到其他工艺的应用和/或其他材料的使用。
尽管已描述了本申请一些可选的实施例，但本领域内的技术人员一旦得知了基本创造性概念，则可对这些实施例作出另外的变更和修改。所以，所附权利要求意欲解释为包括一些可选的实施例以及落入本申请范围的所有变更和修改。
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本申请进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本申请的精神和范围。这样，倘若本申请的这些修改和变型属于本申请权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本申请也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种转向架，其特征在于，包括：
    轮对，包括车轴和两个车轮，两个所述车轮套接固定在所述车轴的外周面；
    轴箱，所述轴箱包括截面为门框形的轴箱主体，所述轴箱通过所述轴箱主体的底部开口处坐落在所述车轴上；其中，所述轴箱主体的顶部设置有一系悬挂系统安装接口；
    一系悬挂系统，所述一系悬挂系统通过所述一系悬挂系统安装接口安装在所述轴箱主体的顶部。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的转向架，其特征在于，所述轴箱位于两个所述车轮之间。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的转向架，其特征在于，还包括单拉杆和侧梁；其中，所述侧梁的端部设置于所述一系悬挂系统之上，所述侧梁的中部具有侧梁单拉杆接口；
    所述轴箱还包括单拉杆用翻边，所述单拉杆用翻边设置在所述轴箱主体靠近所述侧梁中部的一侧的端部，所述单拉杆用翻边具有轴箱单拉杆接口；
    其中，所述单拉杆的两端分别与所述轴箱单拉杆接口和所述侧梁单拉杆接口通过弹性连接件固定，以传递沿所述转向架的载荷。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的转向架，其特征在于，还包括一系垂向油压减振器：
    所述轴箱还包括一系垂向油压减振器用翻边，所述一系垂向油压减振器用翻边设置在所述轴箱主体远离所述侧梁中部的一侧的端部，所述一系垂向油压减振器用翻边具有一系垂向油压减振器接口；
    其中，所述一系垂向油压减振器通过所述一系垂向油压减震器接口与所述轴箱安装。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的转向架，其特征在于，还包括排障装置；
    所述轴箱还包括排障装置用立板，所述排障装置用立板从所述一系垂向油 压减振器用翻边的端部向下伸出，所述排障装置用立板设置有排障装置接口；
    其中，所述排障装置通过所述排障装置接口与所述轴箱安装。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的转向架，其特征在于，每个所述轮对对应两个所述轴箱，两个所述轴箱相对于所述车轴的中点对称设置；
    所述轮对是两组，两组所述轮对相对于所述侧梁的中部对称设置。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的转向架，其特征在于，还包括与所述侧梁固定的横梁，所述横梁具有上下贯穿的牵引装置安装孔；
    所述转向架还包括牵引装置，所述牵引装置包括牵引支座，固定柱，纵向固定板和弹性的纵向牵引挡，所述牵引支座用于与列车的车体连接；
    所述固定柱固定在所述牵引支座之下，所述固定柱中与所述转向架的轨距方向一致的两侧面分别固定有所述纵向牵引挡，每个所述纵向牵引挡的外侧固定一个所述纵向固定板；
    其中，所述纵向固定板通过紧固件与所述牵引装置安装孔中与所述转向架的轨距方向一致的内壁固定。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的转向架，其特征在于，所述牵引装置还包括磨耗板和弹性的横向挡；
    所述固定柱中与所述转向架的轨距方向垂直的两侧面分别固定所述横向挡，每个所述横向挡的外侧固定一个所述磨耗板；
    其中，所述磨耗板通过紧固件与所述牵引装置安装孔中与所述转向架的轨距方向垂直的内壁固定。
  9. 根据权利要求3所述的转向架，其特征在于，所述侧梁的中部形成有转向架的二系空气弹簧的附加气室；
    所述二系空气弹簧的附加气室包括主气室和副气室，所述主气室和所述副气室在所述侧梁的宽度方向并排排列且相互连通，所述主气室是由两个主气室隔板将侧梁主体的内腔分隔后位于两个所述主气室隔板之间的部分；
    其中，所述侧梁主体包括相对设置的侧梁上盖板和侧梁下盖板，固定在所 述侧梁上盖板与所述下盖板之间的两个侧梁立板。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的转向架，其特征在于，所述副气室的竖向部分由副气室围板和连通用侧梁立板的外板面围成；
    所述侧梁上盖板还封在所述副气室的竖向部分之上作为所述副气室的顶部，所述侧梁下盖板还封在所述副气室的竖向部分之下作为所述副气室的底部；
    其中，所述连通用侧梁立板是具有连通气孔的侧梁立板，所述连通气孔用于连通所述主气室和所述副气室。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的转向架，其特征在于，所述侧梁还包括空心柱；
    所述空心柱自所述副气室的内底部向上贯穿所述侧梁上盖板形成二系空气弹簧安装接口；或者所述空心柱自所述主气室的内底部向上贯穿所述侧梁上盖板形成二系空气弹簧安装接口；
    其中，所述空心柱的侧壁具有连通所述空心柱内外的通气孔，所述主气室和所述副气室的顶部外表面作为二系空气弹簧安装座。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的转向架，其特征在于，所述主气室和所述副气室在所述转向架的轨距方向由内向外并排排列；
    或者所述主气室和所述副气室在所述转向架的轨距方向由外向内并排排列。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的转向架，其特征在于，所述主气室内设置有主气室加强筋板，所述主气室加强筋板具有透气孔；
    其中，所述主气室加强筋板用于加固所述主气室的结构。
  14. 根据权利要求3所述的转向架，其特征在于，所述侧梁还包括两个侧梁端部座；
    所述侧梁端部座包括侧梁端部底板，分别形成在所述侧梁端部底板两端的固定结构和排障装置安装座；
    其中，所述固定结构与所述侧梁主体的一端固定。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的转向架，其特征在于，所述排障装置安装座相 对于所述侧梁端部底板向上弯折。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的转向架，其特征在于，所述侧梁端部座还包括端部座加强筋板；
    所述端部座加强筋板形成在所述侧梁端部底板之上固定连接所述固定结构和所述排障装置安装座，且所述端部座加强筋板具有转向架提吊孔。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的转向架，其特征在于，所述侧梁端部座还包括一系悬挂系统安装座；
    所述一系悬挂系统安装座形成在所述侧梁端部底板之上，且所述一系悬挂系统安装座与所述固定结构和所述端部座加强筋板固定连接；
    所述一系悬挂系统安装座是两个且相对于所述端部座加强筋板对称设置；所述一系悬挂系统安装座压在所述一系悬挂系统之上。
  18. 根据权利要求16所述的转向架，其特征在于，所述侧梁端部座还包括一系垂向油压减振器安装座；
    所述一系垂向油压减振器安装座形成在所述侧梁端部底板之上，且所述一系垂向油压减振器安装座与所述排障装置安装座和所述端部座加强筋板固定连接；
    所述一系垂向油压减振器安装座是两个且相对于所述端部座加强筋板对称设置。
  19. 根据权利要求14至18任一所述的转向架，其特征在于，所述侧梁端部座是整体铸造或锻造形成的一体化侧梁端部座。
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