WO2020203224A1 - 固体電解質 - Google Patents
固体電解質 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020203224A1 WO2020203224A1 PCT/JP2020/011461 JP2020011461W WO2020203224A1 WO 2020203224 A1 WO2020203224 A1 WO 2020203224A1 JP 2020011461 W JP2020011461 W JP 2020011461W WO 2020203224 A1 WO2020203224 A1 WO 2020203224A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/10—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances sulfides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/14—Sulfur, selenium, or tellurium compounds of phosphorus
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
- H01M10/0562—Solid materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/36—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
- H01M4/0407—Methods of deposition of the material by coating on an electrolyte layer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
- H01M2300/008—Halides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M6/18—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with solid electrolyte
- H01M6/182—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with solid electrolyte with halogenide as solid electrolyte
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sulfide solid electrolyte preferably used for solid-state batteries.
- solid electrolytes have been attracting attention as an alternative to the electrolytes used in many liquid batteries.
- a solid-state battery using such a solid electrolyte is more safe than a liquid-based battery using a flammable organic solvent, and is expected to be put into practical use as a battery having a high energy density.
- Patent Document 1 As a conventional technique relating to a solid electrolyte, for example, the one described in Patent Document 1 is known.
- the document describes a method for producing a sulfide solid electrolyte, which is mechanically milled with a hydrocarbon-based organic solvent added to lithium sulfide and other sulfides. According to this production method, it is described in the same document that a sulfide solid electrolyte showing high lithium ion conductivity even at room temperature can be obtained.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a sulfide solid electrolyte capable of suppressing the generation of hydrogen sulfide while solving the above-mentioned problems.
- the present inventor has repeatedly studied the amount of the organic solvent remaining in the sulfide solid electrolyte, and found that if the amount of the organic solvent is within a very limited predetermined range, the amount of hydrogen sulfide generated can be effectively used. We obtained a new finding that it can be suppressed.
- the present invention has been made based on such findings, and is a sulfide solid electrolyte having ionic conductivity. Contains organic solvent, It provides a sulfide solid electrolyte having a content of the organic solvent of 0.95% by mass or less.
- the present invention also provides an electrode mixture containing the above-mentioned sulfide solid electrolyte and a positive electrode active material or a negative electrode active material. Furthermore, the present invention provides a solid-state battery containing the sulfide solid electrolyte or the electrode mixture.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of the organic solvent contained in the sulfide solid electrolytes obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples and the amount of hydrogen sulfide generated.
- the present invention relates to a sulfide solid electrolyte.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte of the present invention has lithium ion conductivity in the solid state.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte of the present invention preferably has a lithium ion conductivity of 2.0 mS / cm or more at room temperature, that is, 25 ° C., and more preferably has a lithium ion conductivity of 4.2 mS / cm or more.
- it preferably has a lithium ion conductivity of 5.0 mS / cm or more, and more preferably 5.5 mS / cm or more, particularly 6.0 mS / cm or more.
- Lithium ion conductivity can be measured using the method described in Examples described below.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte examples include solid electrolytes containing lithium (Li) element, phosphorus (P) element and sulfur (S) element.
- a solid electrolyte containing a lithium (Li) element, a phosphorus (P) element, a sulfur (S) element and a halogen element from the viewpoint of improving lithium ion conductivity.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte may contain other elements other than lithium (Li) element, phosphorus (P) element, sulfur (S) element and halogen element.
- lithium (Li) elements can be replaced with other alkali metal elements
- some of the phosphorus (P) elements can be replaced with other punictogen elements
- some of the sulfur elements can be replaced with other chalcogen elements. can do.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte of the present invention contains a predetermined amount of organic solvent.
- organic solvent As described above, in the prior art, it has been considered advantageous to reduce the amount of solvent remaining in the sulfide solid electrolyte as much as possible from the viewpoint of suppressing the amount of hydrogen sulfide generated.
- the presence of a solvent in the sulfide solid electrolyte within a certain range is rather effective in suppressing the generation of hydrogen sulfide. In other words, we have newly found an allowable range of the amount of solvent contained in the sulfide solid electrolyte.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte of the present invention preferably contains 0.95% by mass or less of an organic solvent. If the amount of the organic solvent exceeds this value, the amount of hydrogen sulfide generated will increase. In addition to this, the sulfide solid electrolyte, which is a powder, becomes difficult to flow, and the handleability deteriorates. For example, sieving becomes difficult due to a decrease in fluidity. From this viewpoint, the amount of the organic solvent contained in the sulfide solid electrolyte is more preferably 0.90% by mass or less, and further preferably 0.85% by mass or less.
- the lower limit of the content of the organic solvent it is preferably 0.01% by mass or more, more preferably 0.05% by mass or more, and further preferably 0.10% by mass or more. .. Even when the amount of the organic solvent contained in the sulfide solid electrolyte is excessively low, it is not easy to suppress the generation of hydrogen sulfide. Until now, the suppression of the generation of hydrogen sulfide from the sulfide solid electrolyte and the improvement of the lithium ion conductivity of the sulfide solid electrolyte have been in a trade-off relationship, but according to the present invention, the conductivity of lithium ions has been contradictory. There is an advantage that the generation of hydrogen sulfide can be suppressed while maintaining the above.
- the amount of the organic solvent contained in the sulfide solid electrolyte is important in relation to the suppression of hydrogen sulfide generation, and the type of the organic solvent does not have a great influence on the suppression of hydrogen sulfide generation. ..
- hydrogen sulfide is generated when a considerable amount of the organic solvent is contained in the sulfide solid electrolyte regardless of the type of the organic solvent.
- no organic solvent was intentionally added to the sulfide solid electrolyte, and the organic solvent was used in the production of the sulfide solid electrolyte, and the result was that it remained after the production. Most of them are contained in sulfide solid electrolytes.
- examples of the organic solvent used in the present invention include those used mainly for producing a sulfide solid electrolyte.
- examples of such an organic solvent include aromatic organic solvents such as toluene, xylene, benzene and solvent naphtha, and aliphatic organic solvents such as heptane, decane, normal hexane, cyclohexane and mineral spirit.
- aromatic organic solvents such as toluene, xylene, benzene and solvent naphtha
- aliphatic organic solvents such as heptane, decane, normal hexane, cyclohexane and mineral spirit.
- One of these organic solvents may be used alone, or two or more thereof may be used in combination.
- the amount of the above-mentioned organic solvent is the total amount of all the organic solvents.
- the amount of the organic solvent contained in the sulfide solid electrolyte is measured by the ignition loss method. Specifically, the sulfide solid electrolyte is heated in a muffle furnace to remove the organic solvent by heating. Heating is performed at 180 ° C. for 20 minutes. The heating atmosphere is an inert atmosphere such as nitrogen or argon. When the mass before heating is W1 and the mass after heating is W2, (W1-W2) / W1 ⁇ 100 is defined as the content of the organic solvent. It is appropriate that the amount of the sulfide solid electrolyte used is about 5 g.
- a slurry containing the particles of the sulfide solid electrolyte produced by a conventional method and the organic solvent is subjected to wet grinding. Then, the operation of removing the organic solvent from the slurry may be performed.
- operations for removing an organic solvent from a slurry include a method of performing solid-liquid separation by natural filtration, centrifugation, pressure filtration, vacuum filtration, etc., or a method of hot air drying or vacuum drying without these operations. Can be mentioned.
- the absolute pressure during drying under reduced pressure is preferably 10000 Pa or less, particularly preferably 5000 Pa or less.
- the temperature is preferably 50 ° C. or higher and 200 ° C. or lower, particularly 70 ° C. or higher and 160 ° C. or lower.
- the wet pulverization described above is performed for the purpose of adjusting the sulfide solid electrolyte to a particle size suitable for use in a solid state battery.
- the preferred particle size of the sulfide solid electrolyte expressed as a volume cumulative particle diameter D 50 in the cumulative volume 50% by volume by laser diffraction scattering particle size distribution measurement method is at 0.1 ⁇ m or more 20.0 ⁇ m or less, especially 0.3 ⁇ m It is 15.0 ⁇ m or less, and particularly 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 10.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the particle size control of particles is roughly classified into wet pulverization and dry pulverization, and in the present invention, wet pulverization is mainly adopted. The reason for this is that it is easy to obtain the particles of the sulfide solid electrolyte having the above-mentioned D 50 by wet pulverization.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte of the present invention has a volume cumulative particle size D 10 of 0.05 ⁇ m or more and 10.0 ⁇ m or less at a cumulative volume of 10% by volume measured by a laser diffraction / scattering particle size distribution measurement method. It is more preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 5.0 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 0.3 ⁇ m or more and 2.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the volume cumulative particle size D 95 at a cumulative volume of 95% by volume measured by the laser diffraction / scattering type particle size distribution measurement method is preferably 0.3 ⁇ m or more and 35.0 ⁇ m or less. It is more preferably 5 ⁇ m or more and 30.0 ⁇ m or less, and further preferably 1.0 ⁇ m or more and 25.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte may be wet-milled and the conditions at that time may be appropriately set.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte is particularly preferably made of a material having an algyrodite type crystal structure.
- the algyrodite type crystal structure is a crystal structure possessed by a group of compounds derived from a mineral represented by the chemical formula: Ag 8 GeS 6 . It is particularly preferable that the sulfide solid electrolyte having an algyrodite type crystal structure has a crystal structure belonging to cubic crystals from the viewpoint of further improving the ionic conductivity.
- the halogen contained therein is, for example, one selected from the group consisting of fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br) and iodine (I). Two or more kinds of elements can be used. From the viewpoint of improving ionic conductivity, it is particularly preferable to use chlorine and bromine as halogens in combination.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte having an algyrodite type crystal structure is, for example, a composition formula: Li 7-a-2b PS 6-ab X a
- X is a fluorine (F) element, a chlorine (Cl) element, a bromine (Br).
- Element at least one of the element iodine (I).) Is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of further improving the ionic conductivity.
- the halogen element in the composition formula include fluorine (F) element, chlorine (Cl) element, bromine (Br) element, and iodine (I) element, and one of them may be used. Alternatively, it may be a combination of two or more types.
- a indicating the molar ratio of the halogen element (X) is preferably 0.4 or more and 2.2 or less.
- a is in this range, the cubic algyrodite type crystal structure near room temperature (25 ° C.) is stable, and the conductivity of lithium ions can be enhanced.
- a is more preferably 0.5 or more and 2.0 or less, particularly preferably 0.6 or more and 1.9 or less, and further preferably 0.7 or more and 1.8 or less. ..
- formula b is a value indicating the Li 2 S component with respect to the stoichiometric composition how much less. From the viewpoint that the cubic algyrodite type crystal structure is stable near room temperature (25 ° C.) and the conductivity of lithium ions is high, it is preferable to satisfy ⁇ 0.9 ⁇ b ⁇ ⁇ a + 2. In particular, from the viewpoint of enhancing the moisture resistance of the cubic algyrodite type crystal structure, it is more preferable to satisfy ⁇ a + 0.4 ⁇ b, and even more preferably ⁇ a + 0.9 ⁇ b.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte has an algyrodite type crystal structure
- the sulfide solid electrolyte has at least a crystal phase having an algyrodite type structure.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte has a crystal phase having an algyrodite type structure as a main phase.
- the "main phase” refers to the phase having the largest ratio with respect to the total amount of all the crystal phases constituting the sulfide solid electrolyte.
- the content ratio of the crystal phase of the algyrodite type structure contained in the sulfide solid electrolyte is preferably, for example, 60% by mass or more, particularly 70% by mass or more, with respect to the total crystal phase constituting the sulfide solid electrolyte. , 80% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more.
- the ratio of the crystal phase can be confirmed by, for example, XRD.
- Sulfide solid electrolyte having Arujirodaito type crystal structure exhibits a high lithium ion conductivity due to the presence of S 2- anion which is not close to the P element in the structure, most of the S element PS 4 3- compared to crystalline Li 3 PS 4 and 75Li 2 S-P 2 S 5 glass constituting the unit, high reactivity with water, it is considered to H 2 S generation amount is large.
- the content of the organic solvent in accordance with the present invention it is possible to effectively suppress the amount of hydrogen sulfide generated even in a sulfide solid electrolyte having an algyrodite type crystal structure.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte of the present invention can be produced by an appropriate method depending on the type thereof.
- elemental lithium, phosphorus element, as elemental sulfur, and a halogen element has a predetermined molar ratio, (2 S Li) powder lithium sulfide pentasulfide and diphosphate (P 2 S 5) powder, a mixture of lithium chloride (LiCl) powder and / or lithium bromide (LiBr) powder, or calcined in an inert atmosphere, or an atmosphere containing hydrogen sulfide gas It may be fired in.
- the atmosphere containing the hydrogen sulfide gas may be 100% hydrogen sulfide gas or a mixed gas of hydrogen sulfide gas and an inert gas such as argon.
- the firing temperature is preferably, for example, 350 ° C. or higher and 550 ° C. or lower.
- the holding time at this temperature is preferably, for example, 0.5 hours or more and 20 hours or less.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte of the present invention thus obtained can be used, for example, as a material constituting a solid electrolyte layer or a material contained in an electrode mixture containing an active material. Specifically, it can be used as a positive electrode mixture constituting a positive electrode layer containing a positive electrode active material or a negative electrode mixture constituting a negative electrode layer containing a negative electrode active material. Therefore, the solid electrolyte of the present invention can be used for a battery having a solid electrolyte layer, a so-called solid battery. More specifically, it can be used for a lithium solid-state battery.
- the lithium solid-state battery may be a primary battery or a secondary battery, but it is particularly preferable to use it as a lithium secondary battery.
- the "solid-state battery” is a solid-state battery that does not contain any liquid substance or gel-like substance as an electrolyte, and for example, a liquid substance or gel-like substance of 50% by mass or less, 30% by mass or less, or 10% by mass or less is used as an electrolyte. Also includes aspects including as.
- the solid-state battery in the present invention has a positive electrode layer, a negative electrode layer, and a solid electrolyte layer between the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer, and has the solid electrolyte of the present invention.
- Examples of the shape of the solid-state battery in the present invention include a laminated type, a cylindrical type, and a square type.
- the solid electrolyte layer of the present invention is, for example, a method in which a slurry containing the solid electrolyte, a binder and a solvent is dropped onto a substrate and scraped off with a doctor blade or the like, a method in which the substrate and the slurry are brought into contact with each other and then cut with an air knife, screen printing. It can be produced by a method of forming a coating film by a method or the like and then removing the solvent through heat drying or the like. Alternatively, the solid electrolyte powder of the present invention can be press-molded and then appropriately processed for production.
- the solid electrolyte layer in the present invention may contain other solid electrolytes in addition to the solid electrolyte of the present invention.
- the thickness of the solid electrolyte layer in the present invention is typically preferably 5 ⁇ m or more and 300 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 10 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the positive electrode mixture in the solid-state battery containing the solid electrolyte of the present invention contains a positive electrode active material.
- a positive electrode active material for example, a material used as a positive electrode active material of a lithium secondary battery can be appropriately used.
- the positive electrode active material include spinel-type lithium transition metal compounds and lithium metal oxides having a layered structure.
- the positive electrode mixture may contain other materials such as a conductive additive in addition to the positive electrode active material.
- the negative electrode mixture in the solid-state battery containing the solid electrolyte of the present invention contains a negative electrode active material.
- a negative electrode active material for example, a negative electrode mixture used as a negative electrode active material of a lithium secondary battery can be appropriately used.
- the negative electrode active material include carbon materials such as lithium metal, artificial graphite, natural graphite and non-graphitizable carbon (hard carbon), silicon, silicon compounds, tin, and tin compounds.
- the negative electrode mixture may contain other materials such as a conductive additive in addition to the negative electrode active material.
- Example 1 The Li 2 S powder, the P 2 S 5 powder, the LiCl powder, and the LiBr powder were weighed so as to have a total amount of 75 g so as to have the compositions shown in Table 1 below. These powders were pulverized and mixed using a ball mill to obtain a mixed powder. The mixed powder was fired to obtain a fired product having the composition shown in Table 1. Firing was performed using a tubular electric furnace. During firing, 100% pure hydrogen sulfide gas was circulated in the electric furnace at 1.0 L / min. The firing temperature was set to 500 ° C. and firing was performed for 4 hours. The calcined product was crushed using a mortar and a pestle.
- the slurry concentration was 20%, the peripheral speed was 6 m / s, the circulation was 200 ml / min, and fine pulverization was performed.
- After solid-liquid separation of the finely pulverized calcined product it was dried by heating to 150 ° C. in a container reduced to 3000 Pa (absolute pressure) by vacuuming to remove toluene.
- the dried product was sieved with a sieve having a mesh size of 75 ⁇ m to obtain a desired solid electrolyte.
- the amount of toluene contained in the obtained solid electrolyte was measured by the method described above. The results are shown in Table 1 below. It was confirmed that the obtained solid electrolyte had an algyrodite type crystal structure.
- Examples 2 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 A solid electrolyte was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the drying conditions (pressure and temperature for vacuum drying) of the finely pulverized calcined product were variously changed. The amount of toluene contained in the obtained solid electrolyte was measured by the method described above. The results are shown in Table 1 below. It was confirmed that the obtained solid electrolyte had an algyrodite type crystal structure.
- Example 9 and 10 The Li 2 S powder, the P 2 S 5 powder, and the Li Cl powder were weighed so as to have a total amount of 75 g so as to have the compositions shown in Table 1 below.
- the drying conditions pressure and temperature for vacuum drying
- a solid electrolyte was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except for these.
- the amount of toluene contained in the obtained solid electrolyte was measured by the method described above. The results are shown in Table 1 below. It was confirmed that the obtained solid electrolyte had an algyrodite type crystal structure.
- Example 11 and 12 The organic solvent shown in Table 1 below was used as the organic solvent used for wet pulverization. In addition, the drying conditions (pressure and temperature for vacuum drying) of the finely pulverized fired product were variously changed. A solid electrolyte was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except for these. The amount of the organic solvent contained in the obtained solid electrolyte was measured by the method described above. The results are shown in Table 1 below. It was confirmed that the obtained solid electrolyte had an algyrodite type crystal structure.
- the sealed bag containing the sample was opened in a constant temperature and humidity chamber, and the sample was quickly placed in a separable flask.
- the sample was placed in a separable flask, and the hydrogen sulfide concentration of hydrogen sulfide generated from immediately after the flask was sealed to the elapse of 60 minutes was measured 60 minutes later using a hydrogen sulfide sensor (GX-2009 manufactured by RIKEN KEIKI). ..
- the volume of hydrogen sulfide was calculated from the hydrogen sulfide concentration after 60 minutes had passed, and the amount of hydrogen sulfide generated after 60 minutes had passed was determined.
- Table 1 shows the relationship between the amount of the organic solvent contained in the solid electrolyte and the amount of hydrogen sulfide generated.
- a sulfide solid electrolyte in which the generation of hydrogen sulfide is suppressed is provided.
Abstract
Description
有機溶媒を含有し、
前記有機溶媒の含有量が0.95質量%以下である、硫化物固体電解質を提供するものである。
以下の表1に示す組成となるように、Li2S粉末と、P2S5粉末と、LiCl粉末と、LiBr粉末とを、全量で75gになるように秤量した。これらの粉末を、ボールミルを用いて粉砕混合して混合粉末を得た。混合粉末を焼成して、表1に示す組成の焼成物を得た。焼成は管状電気炉を用いて行った。焼成の間、電気炉内に純度100%の硫化水素ガスを1.0L/minで流通させた。焼成温度は500℃に設定し4時間にわたり焼成を行った。焼成物を乳鉢及び乳棒を用いて解砕した。引き続き、トルエンを用いた湿式ビーズミル(直径1mmのジルコニアビーズ)で粗粉砕した。粗粉砕した焼成物を、トルエンを用いた湿式ビーズミル(浅田鉄工株式会社製のピコミル、型番:PCM-LR)によって微粉砕した。湿式ビーズミルによる微粉砕には直径0.3mmの高純度αアルミナビーズ(大明化学工業製、品種TB-03、Al2O3純度99.99%以上)を用いた。スラリー濃度は20%、周速は6m/s、循環は200ml/minとし、微粉砕を行った。微粉砕された焼成物を固液分離した後に、真空引きによって3000Pa(絶対圧)に減圧された容器内で150℃に加熱することによって乾燥させて、トルエンを除去した。乾燥後の焼成物を目開き75μmの篩で篩い分けして、目的とする固体電解質を得た。得られた固体電解質に含まれるトルエンの量を、上述した方法で測定した。その結果を以下の表1に示す。なお、得られた固体電解質は、アルジロダイト型結晶構造を有することを確認した。
微粉砕された焼成物の乾燥条件(減圧乾燥の圧力及び温度)を種々変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして固体電解質を得た。得られた固体電解質に含まれるトルエンの量を、上述した方法で測定した。その結果を以下の表1に示す。なお、得られた固体電解質は、アルジロダイト型結晶構造を有することを確認した。
以下の表1に示す組成となるように、Li2S粉末と、P2S5粉末と、LiCl粉末とを、全量で75gになるように秤量した。また、微粉砕された焼成物の乾燥条件(減圧乾燥の圧力及び温度)を種々変更した。これら以外は実施例1と同様にして固体電解質を得た。得られた固体電解質に含まれるトルエンの量を、上述した方法で測定した。その結果を以下の表1に示す。なお、得られた固体電解質は、アルジロダイト型結晶構造を有することを確認した。
湿式粉砕に用いる有機溶媒として以下の表1に示すものを用いた。また、微粉砕された焼成物の乾燥条件(減圧乾燥の圧力及び温度)を種々変更した。これら以外は実施例1と同様にして固体電解質を得た。得られた固体電解質に含まれる有機溶媒の量を、上述した方法で測定した。その結果を以下の表1に示す。なお、得られた固体電解質は、アルジロダイト型結晶構造を有することを確認した。
実施例及び比較例で得られた固体電解質について、上述の方法でD10、D50及びD95を測定した。また、以下に述べる方法で硫化水素の発生量及びリチウムイオンの伝導率を測定した。それらの結果を以下の表1に示す。
上述した実施例及び比較例で得た硫化物固体電解質(サンプル)を、十分に乾燥されたArガス(露点-60℃以下)で置換されたグローブボックス内で50mgずつ秤量し、ラミネートフィルムで密閉された袋に入れた。
乾燥空気と大気を混合することで調整した露点-30℃雰囲気で室温(25℃)に保たれた恒温恒湿槽の中に、容量1500cm3のガラス製のセパラブルフラスコを載置し、セパラブルフラスコの内部が恒温恒湿槽内の環境と同一になるまで保持した。次いで、サンプルが入った密閉袋を恒温恒湿槽の中で開封し、素早くセパラブルフラスコにサンプルを配置した。サンプルをセパラブルフラスコに配置し、前記フラスコを密閉した直後から60分経過までに発生した硫化水素について、60分後に硫化水素センサー(理研計器製GX-2009)を用いて硫化水素濃度を測定した。そして、60分経過後の硫化水素濃度から硫化水素の体積を算出して、60分経過後の硫化水素発生量を求めた。その結果を表1に示す。また、固体電解質に含まれる有機溶媒の量と硫化水素の発生量との関係を図1に示す。
上述した実施例及び比較例で得た固体電解質を、十分に乾燥されたArガス(露点-60℃以下)で置換されたグローブボックス内で一軸加圧成形した。更に冷間等方圧加圧装置によって200MPaで成形し、直径10mm、厚み約4mm~5mmのペレットを作製した。ペレット上下両面に電極としてのカーボンペーストを塗布した後、180℃で30分間の熱処理を行い、イオン導電率測定用サンプルを作製した。サンプルのリチウムイオン導電率を、東陽テクニカ株式会社のソーラトロン1255Bを用いて測定した。測定は、温度25℃、周波数0.1Hz~1MHzの条件下、交流インピーダンス法によって行った。
Claims (5)
- イオン伝導性を有する硫化物固体電解質であって、
有機溶媒を含有し、
前記有機溶媒の含有量が0.95質量%以下である、硫化物固体電解質。 - アルジロダイト型結晶構造を有する、請求項1に記載の硫化物固体電解質。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の硫化物固体電解質と、活物質とを含む電極合剤。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の硫化物固体電解質を含有する、固体電解質層。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の硫化物固体電解質を含有する、固体電池。
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JP2020535274A JP7324207B2 (ja) | 2019-03-29 | 2020-03-16 | 固体電解質 |
KR1020217023991A KR20210107837A (ko) | 2019-03-29 | 2020-03-16 | 고체 전해질 |
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WO2022186155A1 (ja) * | 2021-03-05 | 2022-09-09 | 三井金属鉱業株式会社 | 固体電解質並びにそれを含む電極合剤及び電池 |
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