WO2020201892A1 - 正極活物質の作製方法 - Google Patents
正極活物質の作製方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020201892A1 WO2020201892A1 PCT/IB2020/052665 IB2020052665W WO2020201892A1 WO 2020201892 A1 WO2020201892 A1 WO 2020201892A1 IB 2020052665 W IB2020052665 W IB 2020052665W WO 2020201892 A1 WO2020201892 A1 WO 2020201892A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/04—Hybrid capacitors
- H01G11/06—Hybrid capacitors with one of the electrodes allowing ions to be reversibly doped thereinto, e.g. lithium ion capacitors [LIC]
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G51/00—Compounds of cobalt
- C01G51/40—Complex oxides containing cobalt and at least one other metal element
- C01G51/42—Complex oxides containing cobalt and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiCoO2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G51/00—Compounds of cobalt
- C01G51/40—Complex oxides containing cobalt and at least one other metal element
- C01G51/66—Complex oxides containing cobalt and at least one other metal element containing alkaline earth metals, e.g. SrCoO3
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element
- C01G53/42—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element
- C01G53/66—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkaline earth metals, e.g. SrNiO3 or SrNiO2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/50—Electrodes characterised by their material specially adapted for lithium-ion capacitors, e.g. for lithium-doping or for intercalation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
- H01G11/86—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof specially adapted for electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0471—Processes of manufacture in general involving thermal treatment, e.g. firing, sintering, backing particulate active material, thermal decomposition, pyrolysis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/77—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by unit-cell parameters, atom positions or structure diagrams
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/80—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70
- C01P2002/88—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70 by thermal analysis data, e.g. TGA, DTA, DSC
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/61—Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/40—Electric properties
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/42—Magnetic properties
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the electronic device refers to all devices having a power storage device, and an electro-optical device having a power storage device, an information terminal device having a power storage device, and the like are all electronic devices.
- the heating furnace it is preferable to heat the heating furnace at 740 ° C. or higher and 1130 ° C. or lower.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method for producing a positive electrode active material.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating the crystal structure and magnetism of the positive electrode active material.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating the crystal structure and magnetism of the positive electrode active material of the conventional example.
- 11A and 11B are cross-sectional views of an active material layer when a graphene compound is used as a conductive additive.
- 12A and 12B are perspective views illustrating a coin-type secondary battery.
- 13A is a perspective view illustrating a cylindrical secondary battery
- FIG. 13B is an exploded perspective view
- FIG. 13C is a perspective view of the cylindrical secondary battery
- FIG. 13D illustrates the cylindrical secondary battery. It is a top view.
- FIG. 23A, 23B, and 23C are diagrams illustrating a method of manufacturing a secondary battery.
- FIG. 24A is a top view of the bendable secondary battery
- FIGS. 24B, 24C, 24D, and 24E are cross-sectional views illustrating the secondary battery.
- 25A and 25B are perspective views illustrating a bendable secondary battery.
- 26A and 26B are perspective views illustrating an example of an electronic device
- FIG. 26C is a perspective view of a secondary battery
- FIG. 26D is a diagram illustrating an example of an electronic device
- FIG. 26E is a perspective view of the secondary battery.
- FIG. 26F and FIG. 26G are diagrams illustrating an example of an electronic device.
- 27A and 27B are top views for explaining an example of an electronic device
- the notation of the crystal plane and the direction is crystallographically attached with an upper bar to the number, but the notation of the crystal plane and the direction in the present specification and the like is given a bar above the number due to the limitation of the application notation. Instead, the numbers are represented by prefixing them with- (minus sign).
- the individual orientation indicating the direction in the crystal is []
- the aggregate orientation indicating all the equivalent directions is ⁇ >
- the individual plane indicating the crystal plane is ()
- the aggregate plane having equivalent symmetry is ⁇ . Express each with.
- Embodiment 1 An example of a method for producing lithium composite oxide LiMO 2 (M is two or more kinds of metals containing Co, and the substitution position of the metal is not particularly limited) will be described with reference to FIG.
- a positive electrode active material having Mg as a metal element other than Co contained in LiMO 2 will be described as an example.
- MgF 2 which can also be used as a fluorine source
- LiCl can be used as the halogen source
- MgCl 2 can be used as the magnesium source.
- the combination of the halogen source and the magnesium source a combination having a co-melting point is preferable because a melting point drop described later can be used.
- the halogen sources that can be used in one aspect of the present invention are not limited to LiF and LiCl.
- the magnesium source that can be used in one aspect of the present invention is not limited to MgF 2 and MgCl 2 .
- the co-melting point refers to the point where the two components are completely dissolved and mixed in a liquid state without forming a solid solution in the solid phase-liquid phase curve of the two components.
- a and B do not form a solid solution but form a solid phase separately or form a molecular compound, and A and B are completely in the liquid phase.
- the mixture of A and B has a melting point lower than the melting point of A or B alone, and when the mixture has a certain concentration ratio of A and B, it shows the lowest melting point, and this temperature is the co-melting point, this mixture. Is also called a eutectic mixture. It is not limited to two components, and may be three components, four components, or five or more components.
- Step S25 a lithium source is prepared as shown in step S25.
- step S25 a pre-synthesized composite oxide having lithium, a transition metal and oxygen is used.
- step S34 in FIG. 1 This step may be called annealing.
- LiMO 2 is produced by annealing. Therefore, the conditions for performing step S34, such as the temperature, time, atmosphere, and the weight of the mixture 903 to be annealed, are important. Further, in the present specification, annealing also includes the case of heating the mixture 903, or at least heating the heating furnace in which the mixture 903 is arranged.
- the annealing time is preferably, for example, 1 hour or more and 10 hours or less, and more preferably about 2 hours.
- the temperature lowering time after annealing is preferably 10 hours or more and 50 hours or less, for example.
- FIG. 5 shows an example of a heating furnace.
- the same hatch pattern may be used in places having the same function as the reference numerals shown in FIG. 3, and the reference numerals may be omitted.
- parts having the same function may be designated by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof may be omitted.
- the heating furnace used in one aspect of the present invention is not particularly limited, and various heating furnaces such as a batch type and a continuous type heating furnace can be used. An example thereof is shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B.
- the heating furnace 140 shown in FIG. 5B is an example of a rotary heating furnace.
- the heating furnace 140 has a material input unit 142, an atmosphere control unit 144, and a recovery unit 146.
- the mixture 903 is charged from the material charging unit 142 into the space 102 in the heating furnace.
- the hot plate 104 has a mechanism for rotating, and the hot plate 104 is further inclined toward the recovery unit 146. With this configuration, annealing can be performed while flowing the mixture 903.
- the annealing time can be adjusted by adjusting the inclination and rotation speed of the hot plate 104.
- the annealed mixture 903 can be recovered by the recovery unit 146 to obtain the positive electrode active material 904.
- FIG. 6 shows an example of a process for producing a composite oxide having Mg, Ni, and Al in addition to Co as LiMO 2 .
- This production method is a method in which each metal element source other than Li and Co is separately mixed and pulverized, and then each metal element source subjected to the pulverization treatment is mixed with lithium cobalt oxide and annealed.
- S11 to S36 are the same as the steps described in the first embodiment and FIG. That is, in the step of S34, it is preferable to anneal the mixture 903-2 in an atmosphere containing LiF.
- the positive electrode active material 904-2 can be obtained by the manufacturing process shown in FIG.
- Step S18, Step S19, Step S20 Further, finely pulverized aluminum hydroxide (Al (OH) 3 ) is prepared for mixing in step S31.
- the finely pulverized aluminum hydroxide is previously subjected to step S18 for mixing aluminum hydroxide and acetone and step S19 for recovering.
- step S19 finely pulverized aluminum hydroxide is obtained (step S20).
- nickel hydroxide was used as the nickel (Ni) source and aluminum hydroxide was used as the aluminum (Al) source, but the nickel source and the aluminum source are not limited thereto. Oxides and halides having each element can also be used.
- Step S22 to Step S24 As in steps S15 to S17 and steps S18 to S20 described above, pulverized MgF 2 , Ni (OH) 2 , and Al (OH) 3 are prepared.
- the finely pulverized aluminum hydroxide is previously subjected to step S22 of mixing aluminum hydroxide and acetone and step S23 of recovering it.
- Step S22 gives the micronized mixture 902-3 (step S24).
- FIG. 8 shows an example of a step of producing a composite oxide having Mg, Ni, and Al in addition to Co as LiMO 2 .
- This production method is a method of producing a composite oxide having Mg, Ni and Al by adding a Ni source and an Al source after producing a composite oxide represented by LiMO 2 having Mg.
- S11 to S14 and S31 to S36 are the same as the steps described in the first embodiment and the first embodiment. That is, in the step of S34, it is preferable to anneal the mixture 903 in an atmosphere containing LiF. Further, steps S15 to S17 are as described with reference to FIG.
- the positive electrode active material 904-4 can be obtained by the manufacturing process shown in FIG.
- step S50 The material mixed in step S50 is recovered in step S51 to obtain a mixture 908 (step S52 in FIG. 8).
- Al is added through steps S53 to S55.
- a liquid phase method such as a sol-gel method, a solid phase method, a sputtering method, a vapor deposition method, a CVD (chemical vapor deposition) method, a PLD (pulse laser deposition) method, or the like is applied.
- a liquid phase method such as a sol-gel method, a solid phase method, a sputtering method, a vapor deposition method, a CVD (chemical vapor deposition) method, a PLD (pulse laser deposition) method, or the like is applied.
- a liquid phase method such as a sol-gel method, a solid phase method, a sputtering method, a vapor deposition method, a CVD (chemical vapor deposition) method, a PLD (pulse laser deposition) method, or the like is applied.
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- PLD pulse laser deposition
- a metal source is prepared.
- a solvent used for the sol-gel method is prepared.
- Al source Al alkoxide, Al hydroxide, Al oxide, or the like can be used.
- the number of cobalt atoms contained in lithium cobalt oxide may be 1, and the concentration of aluminum contained in the metal source may be 0.001 times or more and 0.02 times or less.
- step S53 in FIG. 8 the aluminum alkoxide is dissolved in 2-propanol, and the mixture 905 is further mixed.
- the mixed solution of the alcohol solution of the metal alkoxide and the particles of lithium cobalt oxide is stirred in an atmosphere containing water.
- Stirring can be done, for example, with a magnetic stirrer.
- the stirring time may be a time sufficient for the water in the atmosphere and the metal alkoxide to cause a hydrolysis and polycondensation reaction, for example, 4 hours, 25 ° C., and 90% humidity RH (Relative Humidity) conditions. Can be done below.
- stirring may be performed in an atmosphere where humidity control and temperature control are not performed, for example, in an air atmosphere in a fume hood. In such a case, the stirring time is preferably longer, for example, 12 hours or more at room temperature.
- the precipitate is recovered from the mixed solution after the above treatment (step S54 in FIG. 8).
- a recovery method filtration, centrifugation, evaporation to dryness, or the like can be applied.
- the precipitate can be washed with the same alcohol as the solvent in which the metal alkoxide is dissolved.
- evaporative dryness it is not necessary to separate the solvent and the precipitate in this step.
- the precipitate may be recovered in the drying step of the next step (step S54).
- the drying step can be, for example, vacuum or ventilation drying at 80 ° C. for 1 hour or more and 4 hours or less.
- the holding time within the heating temperature range is preferably 1 hour or more and 80 hours or less.
- the heating temperature is less than 1000 ° C., preferably 700 ° C. or higher and 950 ° C. or lower, and more preferably about 850 ° C.
- the heating temperature is 850 ° C. and the temperature is maintained for 2 hours, the temperature rise is 200 ° C./h, and the oxygen flow rate is 10 L / min.
- the heating temperature in step S56 is preferably lower than the heating temperature in step S34.
- Step S57, Step S58> the cooled particles are collected (step S57 in FIG. 8). In addition, it is preferable to sift the particles. In the above steps, the positive electrode active material 904-4 can be produced (step S58 in FIG. 8).
- a material having a layered rock salt type crystal structure such as lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2 ) has a high discharge capacity and is known to be excellent as a positive electrode active material for a secondary battery.
- Examples of the material having a layered rock salt type crystal structure include a composite oxide represented by LiMO 2 .
- the element M one or more selected from Co or Ni can be mentioned.
- the element M in addition to one or more selected from Co and Ni, one or more selected from Al and Mg can be mentioned.
- the positive electrode active material will be described with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10.
- 9 and 10 show a case where cobalt is used as the transition metal of the positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode active material produced according to one aspect of the present invention can reduce the deviation of the CoO 2 layer in repeated charging and discharging of a high voltage. Furthermore, the change in volume can be reduced. Therefore, the compound can realize excellent cycle characteristics. In addition, the compound can have a stable crystal structure in a high voltage charging state. Therefore, the compound may not easily cause a short circuit when the high voltage charge state is maintained. In such a case, safety is further improved, which is preferable.
- the compounds represented by the chemical formulas Li (1-xy) Co (1-ab) Ni (x + a) Mg (y + b) O 2 have 0 ⁇ x + a ⁇ 0.015 and 0 ⁇ y + b ⁇ 0.06. It is preferable because the characteristics are good.
- the crystal structure of the positive electrode active material 904 before and after charging and discharging is shown in FIG.
- the positive electrode active material 904 is a composite oxide having lithium, cobalt, and oxygen.
- the crystal structure at a charge depth of 0 (discharged state) in FIG. 9 is R-3 m (O3), which is the same as in FIG.
- the positive electrode active material 904 has a crystal having a structure different from that of the H1-3 type crystal structure when the charging depth is sufficiently charged.
- this structure is a space group R-3m and is not a spinel-type crystal structure, ions such as cobalt and magnesium occupy the oxygen 6-coordination position, and the cation arrangement has symmetry similar to that of the spinel-type. Therefore, this structure is referred to as a pseudo-spinel type crystal structure in the present specification and the like. In the figure of the pseudo-spinel type crystal structure shown in FIG.
- the display of lithium is omitted in order to explain the symmetry of the cobalt atom and the symmetry of the oxygen atom, but in reality, the CoO 2 layer is used.
- the CoO 2 layer is used.
- magnesium is dilutely present between the two CoO layers, that is, in the lithium site.
- halogens such as fluorine may be randomly and dilutely present at the oxygen sites.
- the mirror index of the crystal plane satisfying the above conditions is different between the layered rock salt type crystal and the pseudo spinel type crystal and the rock salt type crystal.
- the orientations of the crystals are substantially the same when the orientations of the cubic closest packed structures composed of anions are aligned. is there.
- the change in crystal structure when charged at a high voltage and a large amount of lithium is released is suppressed as compared with the positive electrode active material 100C described later.
- the positive electrode active material 100C described later For example, as indicated by a dotted line in FIG. 9, there is little deviation of CoO 2 layers in these crystal structures.
- the crystal structure does not easily collapse even if charging and discharging are repeated at a high voltage.
- the average particle diameter (D50: also referred to as median diameter) is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 2 ⁇ m or more and 40 ⁇ m or less, and further preferably 5 ⁇ m or more and 30 ⁇ m or less.
- the space group P-3m1 has a crystal structure, and one CoO 2 layer is present in the unit cell. Therefore, this crystal structure may be referred to as an O1 type crystal structure.
- the coordinates of cobalt and oxygen in the unit cell are set to Co (0, 0, 0.42150 ⁇ 0.00016), O 1 (0). , 0, 0.27671 ⁇ 0.00045), O 2 (0, 0, 0.11535 ⁇ 0.00045).
- O 1 and O 2 are oxygen atoms, respectively.
- the H1-3 type crystal structure is represented by a unit cell using one cobalt and two oxygens.
- the pseudo-spinel type crystal structure of one aspect of the present invention is preferably represented by a unit cell using one cobalt and one oxygen.
- the structure of the H1-3 type crystal structure in which two CoO layers are continuous such as P-3m1 (O1), is likely to be unstable.
- the positive electrode active material layer has positive electrode active material particles. Further, the positive electrode active material layer may have a conductive auxiliary agent and a binder.
- the conductive auxiliary agent can form a network of electrical conduction in the electrodes.
- the conductive auxiliary agent can maintain the path of electrical conduction between the positive electrode active materials.
- FIG. 11A shows a vertical cross-sectional view of the active material layer 200.
- 11B is an enlarged view of the area surrounded by the dotted line in FIG. 11A.
- the active material layer 200 contains a granular positive electrode active material 101, a graphene compound 201 as a conductive auxiliary agent, and a binder (not shown).
- graphene or multigraphene may be used as the graphene compound 201.
- the graphene compound 201 preferably has a sheet-like shape.
- the graphene compound 201 may be in the form of a sheet in which a plurality of multigraphenes or (and) a plurality of graphenes are partially overlapped.
- the binder includes polystyrene, methyl polyacrylate, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), sodium polyacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene oxide (PEO), polypropylene oxide, polyimide, polyvinyl chloride, and polytetrafluoro. It is preferable to use materials such as ethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyisobutylene, polyethylene terephthalate, nylon, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), ethylenepropylene diene polymer, polyvinyl acetate, and nitrocellulose.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PAN polyacrylonitrile
- a material having a particularly excellent viscosity adjusting effect may be used in combination with another material.
- a rubber material or the like has excellent adhesive strength and elastic strength, but it may be difficult to adjust the viscosity when mixed with a solvent. In such a case, for example, it is preferable to mix with a material having a particularly excellent viscosity adjusting effect.
- a material having a particularly excellent viscosity adjusting effect for example, a water-soluble polymer may be used.
- the solubility of a cellulose derivative such as carboxymethyl cellulose is increased by using a salt such as a sodium salt or an ammonium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose, and the effect as a viscosity adjusting agent is easily exhibited.
- a salt such as a sodium salt or an ammonium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose
- the cellulose and the cellulose derivative used as the binder of the electrode include salts thereof.
- Niobium electrode active material for example, an alloy-based material, a carbon-based material, or the like can be used.
- an element capable of performing a charge / discharge reaction by an alloying / dealloying reaction with lithium can be used.
- a material containing at least one of silicon, tin, gallium, aluminum, germanium, lead, antimony, bismuth, silver, zinc, cadmium, indium and the like can be used.
- Such elements have a larger capacity than carbon, and silicon in particular has a high theoretical capacity of 4200 mAh / g. Therefore, it is preferable to use silicon as the negative electrode active material. Moreover, you may use the compound which has these elements.
- graphite graphitizable carbon (soft carbon), graphitizable carbon (hard carbon), carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon black and the like may be used.
- the circuit 912 may be provided on the back surface of the circuit board 900.
- the antenna 914 and the antenna 915 are not limited to the coil shape, and may be, for example, a linear shape or a plate shape. Further, antennas such as a flat antenna, an open surface antenna, a traveling wave antenna, an EH antenna, a magnetic field antenna, and a dielectric antenna may be used. Alternatively, the antenna 914 or the antenna 915 may be a flat conductor. This flat plate-shaped conductor can function as one of the conductors for electric field coupling. That is, the antenna 914 or the antenna 915 may function as one of the two conductors of the capacitor. As a result, electric power can be exchanged not only by an electromagnetic field and a magnetic field but also by an electric field.
- the housing 930 shown in FIG. 17A may be formed of a plurality of materials.
- the housing 930a and the housing 930b are bonded to each other, and the winding body 950 is provided in the region surrounded by the housing 930a and the housing 930b.
- the distance between the pair of sealing portions 262 is the distance Lb
- the distance Lb is sufficiently larger than the width of the positive electrode 211a and the negative electrode 211b (here, the width Wb of the negative electrode 211b).
- the battery 250 When the battery 250 is bent, a part of the exterior body 251 located outside the bend is stretched, and the other part located inside is deformed so as to shrink. More specifically, the portion located outside the exterior body 251 is deformed so that the amplitude of the wave is small and the period of the wave is large. On the other hand, the portion located inside the exterior body 251 is deformed so that the amplitude of the wave is large and the period of the wave is small.
- FIG. 26D shows an example of a bangle type display device.
- the portable display device 7100 includes a housing 7101, a display unit 7102, an operation button 7103, and a secondary battery 7104.
- FIG. 26E shows the state of the bent secondary battery 7104.
- the housing is deformed and the curvature of a part or the whole of the secondary battery 7104 changes.
- the degree of bending at an arbitrary point of the curve is represented by the value of the radius of the corresponding circle, which is called the radius of curvature, and the reciprocal of the radius of curvature is called the curvature.
- the personal digital assistant 7200 can execute various applications such as mobile phone, e-mail, text viewing and creation, music playback, Internet communication, and computer games.
- the operation button 7205 can have various functions such as power on / off operation, wireless communication on / off operation, manner mode execution / cancellation, and power saving mode execution / cancellation. ..
- the function of the operation button 7205 can be freely set by the operating system incorporated in the mobile information terminal 7200.
- the personal digital assistant 7200 can execute short-range wireless communication standardized for communication. For example, by communicating with a headset capable of wireless communication, it is possible to make a hands-free call.
- the mobile information terminal 7200 is provided with an input / output terminal 7206, and data can be directly exchanged with another information terminal via a connector. It is also possible to charge via the input / output terminal 7206. The charging operation may be performed by wireless power supply without going through the input / output terminal 7206.
- the display unit 7202 of the portable information terminal 7200 has a secondary battery of one aspect of the present invention.
- the secondary battery 7104 shown in FIG. 26E can be incorporated in a curved state inside the housing 7201 or in a bendable state inside the band 7203.
- the personal digital assistant 7200 preferably has a sensor.
- a human body sensor such as a fingerprint sensor, a pulse sensor, a body temperature sensor, a touch sensor, a pressure sensor, an acceleration sensor, or the like is preferably mounted.
- FIG. 26G shows an example of an armband-shaped display device.
- the display device 7300 has a display unit 7304 and has a secondary battery according to an aspect of the present invention. Further, the display device 7300 can be provided with a touch sensor on the display unit 7304, and can also function as a portable information terminal.
- the display surface of the display unit 7304 is curved, and display can be performed along the curved display surface.
- the display device 7300 can change the display status by communication standard short-range wireless communication or the like.
- the display device 7300 is provided with an input / output terminal, and data can be directly exchanged with another information terminal via a connector. It can also be charged via the input / output terminals.
- the charging operation may be performed by wireless power supply without going through the input / output terminals.
- the tablet terminal 9600 can be folded in two, it can be folded so that the housing 9630a and the housing 9630b overlap each other when not in use. Since the display unit 9631 can be protected by folding, the durability of the tablet terminal 9600 can be improved. Further, since the power storage body 9635 using the secondary battery of one aspect of the present invention has a high capacity and good cycle characteristics, it is possible to provide a tablet type terminal that can be used for a long time over a long period of time.
- FIG. 27C shows the solar cell 9633, the storage body 9635, the DCDC converter 9636, the converter 9637, the switches SW1 to SW3, and the display unit 9631. This is the location corresponding to the charge / discharge control circuit 9634 shown in FIG. 27B.
- the electric power generated by the solar cell is stepped up or down by the DCDC converter 9636 so as to be a voltage for charging the storage body 9635. Then, when the electric power from the solar cell 9633 is used for the operation of the display unit 9631, the switch SW1 is turned on, and the converter 9637 boosts or lowers the voltage required for the display unit 9631. Further, when the display is not performed on the display unit 9631, the switch SW1 may be turned off and the switch SW2 may be turned on to charge the power storage body 9635.
- the solar cell 9633 is shown as an example of the power generation means, but is not particularly limited, and the storage body 9635 is charged by another power generation means such as a piezoelectric element (piezo element) or a thermoelectric conversion element (Peltier element). It may be.
- a non-contact power transmission module that wirelessly (non-contactly) transmits and receives power for charging, or a configuration in which other charging means are combined may be used.
- FIG. 28 shows an example of another electronic device.
- the display device 8000 is an example of an electronic device using the secondary battery 8004 according to one aspect of the present invention.
- the display device 8000 corresponds to a display device for receiving TV broadcasts, and includes a housing 8001, a display unit 8002, a speaker unit 8003, a secondary battery 8004, and the like.
- the secondary battery 8004 according to one aspect of the present invention is provided inside the housing 8001.
- the display device 8000 can be supplied with electric power from a commercial power source, or can use the electric power stored in the secondary battery 8004. Therefore, even when the power cannot be supplied from the commercial power supply due to a power failure or the like, the display device 8000 can be used by using the secondary battery 8004 according to one aspect of the present invention as an uninterruptible power supply.
- FIG. 28 illustrates the stationary lighting device 8100 provided on the ceiling 8104
- the secondary battery includes, for example, a side wall 8105, a floor 8106, a window 8107, etc. other than the ceiling 8104. It can be used for a stationary lighting device provided in the above, or for a desktop lighting device or the like.
- the air conditioner having the indoor unit 8200 and the outdoor unit 8204 is an example of an electronic device using the secondary battery 8203 according to one aspect of the present invention.
- the indoor unit 8200 has a housing 8201, an air outlet 8202, a secondary battery 8203, and the like.
- FIG. 28 illustrates the case where the secondary battery 8203 is provided in the indoor unit 8200, the secondary battery 8203 may be provided in the outdoor unit 8204. Alternatively, the secondary battery 8203 may be provided in both the indoor unit 8200 and the outdoor unit 8204.
- the air conditioner can be supplied with electric power from a commercial power source, or can use the electric power stored in the secondary battery 8203.
- FIG. 28 illustrates a separate type air conditioner composed of an indoor unit and an outdoor unit
- the integrated air conditioner having the functions of the indoor unit and the outdoor unit in one housing may be used.
- a secondary battery according to one aspect of the present invention can also be used.
- the secondary battery of one aspect of the present invention can be mounted on any electronic device. According to one aspect of the present invention, a secondary battery with little deterioration and high safety can be obtained. Therefore, by mounting the secondary battery, which is one aspect of the present invention, in the electronic device described in the present embodiment, it is possible to obtain an electronic device having a longer life and higher safety.
- This embodiment can be implemented in combination with other embodiments as appropriate.
- LiMO 2 produced by the production method of one aspect of the present invention will be described.
- the manufacturing method will be described with reference to FIGS. 1, 4A and Table 2.
- lithium cobalt oxide was prepared as a composite oxide having lithium and cobalt. More specifically, CellSeed C-10N manufactured by Nippon Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd. was prepared (step S25).
- step S34 the mixture 903 was placed in an alumina crucible (aluminum oxide crucible) and annealed in a muffle furnace (step S34). Annealing conditions differ for each sample and are as shown in Table 2. The temperature was raised to 200 ° C./h, and the temperature was lowered over 10 hours. The material after the heat treatment was recovered and sieved (step S35) to obtain each sample (comparative sample 1 and sample 2) (step S36). Further, FIG. 30 shows an alumina crucible actually used. FIG. 30A shows the state before the lid is attached to the alumina crucible, and FIG. 30B shows the state when the lid is put on the alumina crucible.
- sample weight is the weight of the annealed mixture 903.
- the "annealing temperature” is the temperature at which the annealing is performed
- the “annealing time” is the time during which the annealing temperature is maintained.
- Atmosphere containing LiF indicates whether the container 122 and fluoride 906 (LiF in this example) were heated at the same time when the mixture 903 was annealed, and "none” indicates whether the container 122 and fluoride were heated at the same time. “Yes” represents the case where only the mixture 903 is annealed without using 906, and “Yes” represents the case where the container 122 and the fluoride 906 are heated at the same time as the mixture 903. In “Yes”, four containers 122 containing 1 g of LiF were arranged in the space 102 in the heating furnace.
- a positive electrode was obtained by the above steps.
- the amount supported by the positive electrode was approximately 7 mg / cm 2 , and the electrode density was> 3.8 g / cc.
- Lithium metal was used for the opposite electrode.
- Polypropylene with a thickness of 25 ⁇ m was used for the separator.
- the positive electrode can and the negative electrode can those made of stainless steel (SUS) were used.
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Abstract
Description
図2はLiFとMgF2の混合物のDSC測定結果を説明する図である。
図3は本発明の一態様の正極活物質の作製方法を説明する図である。
図4A、図4Bは本発明の一態様の正極活物質の作製方法を説明する図である。
図5A、図5Bは、本発明の一態様の正極活物質の作製方法を説明する図である。
図6は正極活物質の作製方法の一例を説明する図である。
図7は正極活物質の作製方法の一例を説明する図である。
図8は正極活物質の作製方法の一例を説明する図である。
図9は正極活物質の結晶構造と磁性を説明する図である。
図10は従来例の正極活物質の結晶構造と磁性を説明する図である。
図11A、及び図11Bは導電助剤としてグラフェン化合物を用いた場合の活物質層の断面図である。
図12A、及び図12Bはコイン型二次電池を説明する斜視図である。
図13Aは円筒型二次電池を説明する斜視図であり、図13Bは分解斜視図であり、図13Cは円筒型二次電池の斜視図であり、図13Dは円筒型二次電池を説明する上面図である。
図14A、図14Bは二次電池の例を説明する図である。
図15A、図15B、図15C、図15Dは二次電池の例を説明する斜視図である。
図16A、図16Bは二次電池の例を説明する斜視図である。
図17A、図17Bは二次電池の例を説明する斜視図である。
図18は二次電池の例を説明する斜視図である。
図19A、図19B、図19Cはラミネート型の二次電池を説明する斜視図である。
図20Aはラミネート型の二次電池を説明する上面図であり、図20Bはラミネート型の二次電池を説明する断面図である。
図21は二次電池の外観を示す図である。
図22は二次電池の外観を示す図である。
図23A、図23B、図23Cは二次電池の作製方法を説明する図である。
図24Aは、曲げることのできる二次電池の上面図、図24B、図24C、図24D、図24Eは二次電池を説明する断面図である。
図25A、図25Bは曲げることのできる二次電池を説明する斜視図である。
図26A、図26Bは電子機器の一例を説明する斜視図であり、図26Cは二次電池の斜視図、図26Dは電子機器の一例を説明する図であり、図26Eは二次電池の斜視図、図26F、図26Gは電子機器の一例を説明する図である。
図27A、図27Bは電子機器の一例を説明する上面図であり、図27Cはブロック図である。
図28は、電子機器の一例を説明する図である。
図29Aは車両の斜視図、図29Bは車両の充電時を示す斜視図、図29Cは電動バイクを説明する斜視図である。
図30A、図30Bはアニール時に用いたアルミナ坩堝を説明する図である。
図31は実施例に係るサイクル特性を説明する図である。
図1を用いてリチウム複合酸化物LiMO2(MはCoを含む2種以上の金属であり、該金属の置換位置に特に限定はない)の作製方法の一例について説明する。以下ではLiMO2が有するCo以外の金属元素としてMgを有する正極活物質を例にして説明する。
次に、ステップS25に示すようにリチウム源を用意する。ステップS25としてあらかじめ合成されたリチウム、遷移金属および酸素を有する複合酸化物を用いる。
アニール温度は混合物902が溶融する温度以上であることが好ましい。混合物903をアニールすると、混合物902が溶融すると推測される。例えば、MgF2(融点1263℃)及びLiF(融点848℃)の混合物が溶融し、複合酸化物粒子の表層部に分布すると考えられる。MgF2が溶融することで、LiCoO2との反応が促進し、LiMO2が生成すると考えられる。よって、フッ化物とマグネシウム源は共融混合物を形成する組み合わせであると好ましい。
加熱炉内をフッ化物を含む雰囲気にし、アニールする方法の一例を、図3を用いて以下説明する。
加熱炉内をフッ化物を含む雰囲気にし、アニールする方法の一例を図4A及び図4Bを用いて説明する。図4A及び図4Bにおいて、図3に示す符号と同様の機能を有する箇所には、同様のハッチパターンとし、符号を省略する場合がある。また、同様の機能を有する箇所には、同様の符号を付し、その詳細な説明は省略する場合がある。
本発明の一態様に用いる加熱炉は特に限定はなく、バッチ式や連続式の加熱炉等、様々な加熱炉を用いることができる。図5A及び図5Bにその一例を示す。
LiMO2の作製方法の一例について説明する。以下ではLiMO2が有するCo以外の金属元素としてさらに複数種の金属元素を用いる場合の作製方法について図6を用いて説明する。
図6はLiMO2としてCo以外に、Mg、Ni及びAlを有する複合酸化物の作製工程の一例である。本作製方法はLi及びCo以外の各金属元素源を別々に混合、粉砕処理を行い、その後、微粉化処理を行った各金属元素源をコバルト酸リチウムと混合し、アニールする方法である。S11乃至S36は実施の形態1及び図1で説明した工程と同様である。すなわちS34の工程において、LiFを含む雰囲気で混合物903−2をアニールすると好ましい。図6に示す作製工程によって正極活物質904−2を得られる。
また、ステップS31で混合するために微紛化した水酸化ニッケル(Ni(OH)2)を用意する。微紛化した水酸化ニッケルは、予め水酸化ニッケルとアセトンを混合するステップS15と回収するステップS16を行っておく。ステップS16によって、微紛化した水酸化ニッケルが得られる(ステップS17)
また、ステップS31で混合するために微紛化した水酸化アルミニウム(Al(OH)3)を用意する。微紛化した水酸化アルミニウムは、予め水酸化アルミニウムとアセトンを混合するステップS18と回収するステップS19を行っておく。ステップS19によって、微紛化した水酸化アルミニウムが得られる(ステップS20)。
図7はLiMO2としてCo以外に、Mg、Ni及びAlを有する複合酸化物を作製する工程の一例である。本作製方法はLi及びCo以外の各金属元素源を同時に混合、粉砕処理後にコバルト酸リチウムと混合し、アニールする方法である。S31乃至S35は実施の形態1及び図1で説明した工程と同様である。すなわちS34の工程において、LiFを含む雰囲気で混合物903−3をアニールすると好ましい。図7に示す作製工程によって正極活物質904−3を得られる。
上述のステップS15乃至ステップS17及びステップS18乃至ステップS20と同様に、微粉化したMgF2、Ni(OH)2、Al(OH)3を用意する。微紛化した水酸化アルミニウムは、予め水酸化アルミニウムとアセトンを混合するステップS22と回収するステップS23を行っておく。ステップS22によって、微紛化した混合物902−3が得られる(ステップS24)。
図8はLiMO2としてCo以外に、Mg、Ni及びAlを有する複合酸化物を作製する工程の一例である。本作製方法はMgを有するLiMO2で表される複合酸化物を作製した後、Ni源及びAl源を加え、Mg、Ni及びAlを有する複合酸化物を作製する方法である。S11乃至S14及びS31乃至S36は実施の形態1及び図1で説明した工程と同様である。すなわちS34の工程において、LiFを含む雰囲気で混合物903をアニールすると好ましい。またステップS15乃至ステップS17は図6を用いて説明した通りである。図8に示す作製工程によって正極活物質904−4を得られる。
次に、冷却された粒子を回収する(図8のステップS57)。さらに、粒子をふるいにかけることが好ましい。上記の工程で、正極活物質904−4を作製することができる(図8のステップS58)。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の作製方法によって作製された正極活物質の構造の一例について説明する。
コバルト酸リチウム(LiCoO2)などの層状岩塩型の結晶構造を有する材料は、放電容量が高く、二次電池の正極活物質として優れることが知られている。層状岩塩型の結晶構造を有する材料として例えば、LiMO2で表される複合酸化物が挙げられる。元素Mの一例としてCoまたはNiより選ばれる一以上が挙げられる。また、元素Mの一例としてCoおよびNiより選ばれる一以上に加えて、AlおよびMgより選ばれる一以上が挙げられる。
正極活物質904の粒径は、大きすぎるとリチウムの拡散が難しくなる、集電体に塗工したときに活物質層の表面が粗くなりすぎる、等の問題がある。一方、小さすぎると、集電体への塗工時に活物質層を担持しにくくなる、電解液との反応が過剰に進む等の問題点も生じる。そのため、平均粒子径(D50:メディアン径ともいう。)が、1μm以上100μm以下が好ましく、2μm以上40μm以下であることがより好ましく、5μm以上30μm以下がさらに好ましい。
ある正極活物質が、高電圧で充電されたとき擬スピネル型の結晶構造を示すか否かは、高電圧で充電された正極を、XRD、電子線回折、中性子線回折、電子スピン共鳴(ESR)、核磁気共鳴(NMR)等を用いて解析することで判断できる。特にXRDは、正極活物質が有するコバルト等の遷移金属の対称性を高分解能で解析できる、結晶性の高さおよび結晶の配向性を比較できる、格子の周期性歪みおよび結晶子サイズの解析ができる、二次電池を解体して得た正極をそのまま測定しても十分な精度を得られる、等の点で好ましい。
図10に示す正極活物質100Cは、後述する作製方法にてハロゲンおよびマグネシウムが添加されないコバルト酸リチウム(LiCoO2)である。図10に示すコバルト酸リチウムは、非特許文献1および非特許文献2等で述べられているように、充電深度によって結晶構造が変化する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の作製方法によって作製された正極活物質を含む二次電池に用いることのできる材料の例について説明する。本実施の形態では、正極、負極および電解液が、外装体に包まれている二次電池を例にとって説明する。
正極は、正極活物質層および正極集電体を有する。
正極活物質層は、正極活物質粒子を有する。また、正極活物質層は、導電助剤およびバインダを有していてもよい。
正極集電体としては、ステンレス、金、白金、アルミニウム、チタン等の金属、及びこれらの合金など、導電性が高い材料をもちいることができる。また正極集電体に用いる材料は、正極の電位で溶出しないことが好ましい。また、シリコン、チタン、ネオジム、スカンジウム、モリブデンなどの耐熱性を向上させる元素が添加されたアルミニウム合金を用いることができる。また、シリコンと反応してシリサイドを形成する金属元素で形成してもよい。シリコンと反応してシリサイドを形成する金属元素としては、ジルコニウム、チタン、ハフニウム、バナジウム、ニオブ、タンタル、クロム、モリブデン、タングステン、コバルト、ニッケル等がある。集電体は、箔状、板状(シート状)、網状、パンチングメタル状、エキスパンドメタル状等の形状を適宜用いることができる。集電体は、厚みが5μm以上30μm以下のものを用いるとよい。
負極は、負極活物質層および負極集電体を有する。また、負極活物質層は、導電助剤およびバインダを有していてもよい。
負極活物質としては、例えば合金系材料や炭素系材料等を用いることができる。
負極集電体には、正極集電体と同様の材料を用いることができる。なお負極集電体は、リチウム等のキャリアイオンと合金化しない材料を用いることが好ましい。
電解液は、溶媒と電解質を有する。電解液の溶媒としては、非プロトン性有機溶媒が好ましく、例えば、エチレンカーボネート(EC)、プロピレンカーボネート(PC)、ブチレンカーボネート、クロロエチレンカーボネート、ビニレンカーボネート、γ−ブチロラクトン、γ−バレロラクトン、ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)、ジエチルカーボネート(DEC)、エチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)、ギ酸メチル、酢酸メチル、酢酸エチル、プロピオン酸メチル、プロピオン酸エチル、プロピオン酸プロピル、酪酸メチル、1,3−ジオキサン、1,4−ジオキサン、ジメトキシエタン(DME)、ジメチルスルホキシド、ジエチルエーテル、メチルジグライム、アセトニトリル、ベンゾニトリル、テトラヒドロフラン、スルホラン、スルトン等の1種、又はこれらのうちの2種以上を任意の組み合わせおよび比率で用いることができる。
本実施の形態では、先の実施の形態で説明した作製方法によって作製された正極活物質を有する二次電池の形状の例について説明する。本実施の形態で説明する二次電池に用いる材料は、先の実施の形態の記載を参酌することができる。
まずコイン型の二次電池の一例について説明する。図12Aはコイン型(単層偏平型)の二次電池の外観図であり、図12Bは、その断面図である。
また二次電池は、セパレータを有することが好ましい。セパレータとしては、例えば、紙をはじめとするセルロースを有する繊維、不織布、ガラス繊維、セラミックス、或いはナイロン(ポリアミド)、ビニロン(ポリビニルアルコール系繊維)、ポリエステル、アクリル、ポリオレフィン、ポリウレタンを用いた合成繊維等で形成されたものを用いることができる。セパレータは袋状に加工し、正極または負極のいずれか一方を包むように配置することが好ましい。
円筒型の二次電池の例について図13A乃至図13Dを参照して説明する。円筒型の二次電池600は、図13Aに示す円筒型の二次電池600は、図13Bの断面模式図に示すように、上面に正極キャップ(電池蓋)601を有し、側面および底面に電池缶(外装缶)602を有している。これら正極キャップと電池缶(外装缶)602とは、ガスケット(絶縁パッキン)610によって絶縁されている。
蓄電装置の別の構造例について、図14乃至図18を用いて説明する。
次に、ラミネート型の二次電池の例について、図19乃至図24を参照して説明する。ラミネート型の二次電池は、可撓性を有する構成とすれば、可撓性を有する部位を少なくとも一部有する電子機器に実装すれば、電子機器の変形に合わせて二次電池も曲げることもできる。
ここで、図21に外観図を示すラミネート型二次電池の作製方法の一例について、図23B及び図23Cを用いて説明する。
次に、曲げることのできる二次電池の例について図24及び図25を参照して説明する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様である二次電池を電子機器に実装する例について説明する。
本実施の形態では、車両に本発明の一態様である二次電池を搭載する例を示す。
まずマグネシウムおよびフッ素を有する混合物902を作製した(ステップS11乃至ステップS14)。LiFとMgF2のモル比が、LiF:MgF2=1:3となるよう秤量し、溶媒としてアセトンを加えて湿式で混合および粉砕をした。混合および粉砕はジルコニアボールを用いたボールミルで行い、400rpm、12時間行った。処理後の材料を回収し、混合物902とした。
S33までは全てのサンプルで同様である。S34のアニール方法がサンプルによって異なる。アニールを行った際の概念図は、図4Aに示す通りである。
次に、上記で得られた比較サンプル1及びサンプル2をそれぞれ、正極活物質として用い、各々の正極を作製した。正極活物質、ABおよびPVDFを活物質:AB:PVDF=95:3:2(重量比)で混合したスラリーを集電体に塗工したものを用いた。スラリーの溶媒としてNMPを用いた。
得られた比較サンプル及びサンプル2をそれぞれ用いて作製した電池セルのサイクル特性を測定した。充電をCCCV(1.0C、4.6V、終止電流0.1C)、放電をCC(1.0C、2.5V)として25℃においてサイクル特性を評価した。その結果を図31に示す。
Claims (6)
- 加熱炉にリチウム酸化物、フッ化物及びマグネシウム化合物の混合物を入れた第1の容器及び、前記第1の容器の外に前記フッ化物を配し、前記フッ化物が揮発または昇華する温度以上で前記加熱炉を加熱する、正極活物質の作製方法。
- 加熱炉にリチウム酸化物、フッ化物及びマグネシウム化合物の混合物を入れた第1の容器及び、前記フッ化物を入れた第2の容器を配し、前記フッ化物が揮発または昇華する温度以上で前記加熱炉を加熱する、正極活物質の作製方法。
- 請求項1または請求項2において、前記フッ化物がフッ化リチウムである、正極活物質の作製方法。
- 請求項3において、前記加熱炉を730℃以上1130℃以下で加熱する、正極活物質の作製方法。
- 請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか一項において、前記マグネシウム化合物がフッ化マグネシウムである、正極活物質の作製方法。
- 請求項1乃至請求項5のいずれか一項において、前記加熱炉を酸素置換した後に、前記加熱炉を加熱する、正極活物質の作製方法。
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| CN202411476162.2A CN119330419A (zh) | 2019-04-05 | 2020-03-23 | 正极活性物质的制造方法 |
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| KR20250156100A (ko) | 2023-02-24 | 2025-10-31 | 가부시키가이샤 한도오따이 에네루기 켄큐쇼 | 제조 장치 및 양극 활물질의 제작 방법 |
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