WO2020199338A1 - 一种水刺缠绕型循环牛皮革的制备工艺 - Google Patents

一种水刺缠绕型循环牛皮革的制备工艺 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020199338A1
WO2020199338A1 PCT/CN2019/089550 CN2019089550W WO2020199338A1 WO 2020199338 A1 WO2020199338 A1 WO 2020199338A1 CN 2019089550 W CN2019089550 W CN 2019089550W WO 2020199338 A1 WO2020199338 A1 WO 2020199338A1
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Prior art keywords
fiber
spunlace
pressure
cow leather
leather
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PCT/CN2019/089550
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
朱晓华
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江阴骏华纺织科技有限公司
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Application filed by 江阴骏华纺织科技有限公司 filed Critical 江阴骏华纺织科技有限公司
Priority to EP19922874.3A priority Critical patent/EP3848490B1/en
Priority to US17/278,347 priority patent/US11879206B2/en
Publication of WO2020199338A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020199338A1/zh

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    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N2201/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads or yarns
    • D06N2201/04—Vegetal fibres
    • D06N2201/042—Cellulose fibres, e.g. cotton
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N2201/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads or yarns
    • D06N2201/06—Animal fibres, e.g. hair, wool, silk
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N2209/00—Properties of the materials
    • D06N2209/10—Properties of the materials having mechanical properties
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N2209/00—Properties of the materials
    • D06N2209/10—Properties of the materials having mechanical properties
    • D06N2209/103—Resistant to mechanical forces, e.g. shock, impact, puncture, flexion, shear, compression, tear
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N2209/00—Properties of the materials
    • D06N2209/16—Properties of the materials having other properties
    • D06N2209/1664—Releasability
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N2211/00—Specially adapted uses
    • D06N2211/12—Decorative or sun protection articles
    • D06N2211/28—Artificial leather

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of leather manufacturing, in particular to a preparation process of spunlace winding type circulating cow leather.
  • the prior art has developed a collagen fiber reduced leather base fabric, which is to first extract collagen fibers from various leather and animal skin scraps, and then pass the collagen fibers through a certain preparation process to make a reduced leather Base cloth.
  • the collagen fiber of this reduced leather base fabric has a three-dimensional network structure, and its performance is similar to that of dermis.
  • the typical reduced leather base fabric is a water-based bovine fiber leather base fabric manufactured by spunlace technology.
  • a layer of PU film polyurethane Finishing layer
  • cow leather which can be used as final leather products such as leather clothes, sofas, bags, leather shoes, etc.
  • the above-mentioned artificial cow leather bonded with a cow fiber leather base cloth and a polyurethane coating layer generally has poor physical properties (such as low mechanical strength), poor hand feeling, and lack of leather feeling, which affects the artificial cow leather products the quality of.
  • its energy consumption is relatively high, which leads to an increase in manufacturing costs.
  • the present invention proposes a process for preparing spunlace entangled recycled cow leather, which aims to improve the physical properties and feel of cow leather products, enhance the feel of the leather, and reduce the energy consumption of the production process at the same time to achieve the purpose of green energy saving .
  • the specific technical solutions are as follows:
  • a preparation process of spunlace entangled circulating cow leather including a batching process, a cowhide fiber web forming process, a mixed fiber web forming process, a laminated web forming process, and a base fabric manufacturing process that are sequentially arranged according to the preparation process flow , The production process of cow leather products;
  • mixed fiber and cowhide fiber are used as raw materials and proportioned by weight;
  • the mixed fiber is a mixed fiber using at least two fibers among regenerated fiber, chemical fiber and cowhide fiber;
  • the cowhide fiber web forming process includes a process of forming the cowhide fiber into a cowhide fiber web by using a dry or wet web method
  • the mixed fiber web forming process includes a carding process of mixed fibers, a web laying process, and a spunlace preforming process in sequence;
  • the laminated web forming process includes a laminating process of laminating the cowhide fiber web and the mixed fiber web to form a laminated web, and a spunlace winding process sequentially arranged after the laminating process , Vacuum drying process, cycle drying process;
  • the base fabric manufacturing process includes a polishing process, a single-sided impregnation treatment process, and an ironing process, which are sequentially arranged to make the laminated mesh into a base fabric;
  • the single-sided impregnation process includes adopting inversion Type feeding device, and use water-based PU material or oil-based PU material as the coating, single-sided coating treatment of water-based PU material or oil-based PU material on one side of the base fabric to form a single-sided penetration impregnation of the base fabric Floor;
  • the production process of the cow leather finished product includes a PU film veneer process for forming the front side of the cow leather, a finishing treatment process for modifying the front side of the cow leather, and an oil return treatment process on the back side of the cow leather.
  • the ingredients of the cow leather include cowhide fiber, and a mixed fiber using at least two fibers of regenerated fiber, chemical fiber, and cowhide fiber.
  • the regenerated fiber can be from cellulose-containing Extracted from natural substances
  • cowhide fiber can be made from a large amount of scraps and leftovers of natural leather produced in the production process of cow leather products.
  • adding a certain proportion of chemical fibers to the blended fiber ingredients can increase the physical properties (such as strength, etc.) of the cow leather, thereby improving the durability of leather products.
  • the chemical fiber may be polyester fiber or nylon fiber, or a chemical fiber formed by mixing polyester fiber and nylon fiber in a certain ratio.
  • a low-speed and small-angle carding machine is used to card the mixed fibers into a web, which has less damage to the fibers, high flatness, and good web quality.
  • the method of forming the cowhide fiber web is dry or wet, the dry forming is air forming, and the wet forming is water flow forming.
  • the air-laid net can be adapted to the production of thicker cow leather, and the water-laid net can be adapted to the production of thinner cow leather.
  • the mixed fiber is combed into a web, laid and pre-punched to form a mixed fiber web.
  • the cowhide fiber web After being laminated with the cowhide fiber web, it is made by hydroentanglement, vacuum suction and cyclic drying.
  • the laminated net is ironed, polished, and impregnated on one side to make a cow fiber leather base cloth.
  • the purpose of the impregnation treatment is to permeate the PU material on one side of the base fabric and the PU film (front side) so that it can be firmly combined with the PU film.
  • the single side In order not to affect the hairiness of the cow leather back, it is necessary to control the single side.
  • the thickness of the surface penetration layer is necessary to control the single side.
  • the present invention uses an inverted feeding device to perform single-sided material penetration on the front of the cow fiber leather base fabric, which has the following advantages: one is to prevent the penetration of PU material from affecting product performance, and the other is to prepare The lower viscosity PU material can better realize the precise control of the penetration layer depth.
  • the base fabric of the cow fiber leather is permeated by the single-sided PU material, it is beneficial to obtain a higher bonding strength between the base fabric and the PU film after the PU film is laminated on the subsequent base fabric.
  • the depth of the single-sided impregnation layer is 1/3 to 2/3 of the thickness of the base fabric.
  • cowhide fiber The ratio of cowhide fiber, regenerated fiber, and chemical fiber will directly affect the material properties and feel of cow leather.
  • the weight ratio of the mixed fiber to the cowhide fiber is 1:0.8 to 1:4; the regenerated fiber in the mixed fiber accounts for more than 50% of the total weight of the mixed fiber .
  • the recycled fiber in the mixed fiber accounts for 50-80% of the total weight of the mixed fiber.
  • cowhide fiber is beneficial to the obtained cow leather not only has the appearance and feel close to real cowhide, but also has higher mechanical strength, and the two reach a better balance.
  • the laying process includes the process steps of cross laying and direct laying respectively by using a laying machine; wherein, the cross laying includes separate longitudinal cross laying.
  • the above-mentioned hybrid fiber web is laid by a combination of warp-direction cross-laying, weft-direction cross-laying and direct-laying.
  • the present invention adopts direct-laying and warp-laying.
  • Cross-laying in the three directions of meshing and weft-laying can further improve the arrangement direction of the mixed fiber, which is beneficial to realize the complementarity of the physical properties of each direction, so that the made cow fiber leather base fabric has better performance in all directions.
  • the tensile strength and peel strength of the cow leather products have improved the physical properties.
  • the hydroentanglement pre-forming includes pre-wetting, pre-needling and reverse pre-needling.
  • the spunlace winding process includes low-pressure pre-needling, medium-pressure positive-needling, high-pressure positive-needling, high-pressure reverse-needling, and ultra-high-pressure puncturing.
  • the water pressure of the low-pressure pre-needling is 1 to 2 MPa
  • the water pressure of the medium-pressure forward puncture is 4 to 5 MPa
  • the water pressure of the high-pressure forward puncture is 8-10 MPa
  • the water pressure of the high-pressure reverse puncture It is 10-15 MPa
  • the water pressure of the ultra-high pressure piercing is 15-32 MPa.
  • the present invention optimizes the water pressure of low-pressure pre-needling, medium-pressure positive-needling, and high-pressure positive-needling for the spunlace of the superimposed net formed by the mixed fiber net and the cowhide fiber net.
  • a 15-32MPa ultra-high pressure puncture is added, which solves the disadvantage that the higher-strength laminated mesh is not easy to penetrate under normal pressure spunlace.
  • the connection structure of the internal fibers of the laminated web after progressive pressure hydroentanglement is greatly improved, which is conducive to further improving the tensile strength and peel strength of the cow leather products.
  • low-pressure spunlace, medium-pressure spunlace, high-pressure spunlace, and ultra-high-pressure spunlace are used in different stages of the web formation of leather products. On the one hand, it can maximize the quality of the web, and on the other hand, it is also beneficial Extend the service life of spunlace core components.
  • a negative pressure adsorber that enhances the penetration effect of the hydroentanglement can be arranged under the superimposed net located at the high-pressure positive puncture, which is matched with the high-pressure puncture needle, so that the upper and lower sides of the superimposed net during high-pressure positive puncture form a relatively high Large pressure difference, thereby enhancing the penetration effect.
  • the vacuum drying process includes a process step of vacuum-absorbing the laminated net using a belt-to-pressure vacuum suction machine; wherein, the belt-to-pressure vacuum suction machine includes a pair of up and down arrangements
  • the upper suction device and the lower suction device, the upper suction device and the lower suction device are respectively provided with a vacuum box for water suction, the suction level of the vacuum box is provided with a cyclically rotating extrusion belt, and the upper suction device
  • a squeeze gap is provided between the squeeze belt and the squeeze belt on the lower suction device for the passage of the laminated net, and the suction level of the vacuum box is provided with a suction hole communicating with the vacuum cavity inside the vacuum box, so
  • the extrusion belt is a water-permeable extrusion belt.
  • the upper suction device and the lower suction device in the present invention are fixed by the frame.
  • the distance between the upper suction device and the lower suction device can be adjusted by the up and down movable sliding seat provided on the frame and the adjusting screw connected to the sliding seat (where the upper suction device is connected to the sliding seat) to form a difference ⁇ extrusion gap.
  • the belt-to-pressure vacuum suction machine has two vacuum chambers for water absorption, and the belt-to-pressure structure has a large water absorption area, which is comparable to the roller extrusion or conventional vacuum suction method in the prior art. Compared with, its water absorption efficiency has been greatly improved. This can greatly reduce the power for subsequent drying, so it has a better energy saving effect.
  • the belt counter-pressure vacuum suction machine adopts flat counter-pressure, so it can effectively improve the overall flatness of the laminated net, which is beneficial to improve the final appearance quality of leather products.
  • the vacuum box is provided with a driving roller and a driven roller for realizing the rotation of the pressing belt, and a number of guide rollers are also provided between the driving roller and the driven roller.
  • the driving roller is driven to rotate by a reduction motor, and the rotation of the upper and lower driving rollers is synchronous rotation.
  • the vacuum box is connected to a vacuum pump.
  • the cycle drying process includes the process step of using an S-shaped drying device to cyclically dry the laminated web; wherein, the S-shaped drying device includes several The number of drying rollers distributed in different horizontal positions and different height positions, and the laminated web is cyclically dried by making several S-shaped folds along the drying roller; the drying roller is arranged outside There is a heat preservation shell, the top of the heat preservation shell is provided with a heat dissipation grill hole; the two ends of the heat preservation shell are provided with an air circulation pipe, and a circulating fan is arranged on the circulation pipe.
  • the laminated mesh enters and exits from the left and right directions, and the air circulation ducts are arranged in the front and rear directions to form a better air flow effect.
  • the above-mentioned S-shaped drying device uses a cyclic drying method that combines a drying roller and an air circulation pipe. Since the heat is concentrated around the laminated web through the drying roller, and the heat loss is reduced by the heat preservation shell, the heat preservation shell is made by the circulating fan. The inner air flows and forms a balanced heat dissipation effect, its drying efficiency is high, and it has an energy-saving effect.
  • the S-shaped structure of the drying device has a small footprint, which is beneficial to increase the utilization rate of the plant.
  • the top of the heat preservation shell is also provided with a grill hole opening linkage regulator for adjusting the opening of the heat dissipation grill hole, and the opening of the heat dissipation grill hole is provided with a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor, so The size of the opening of the heat dissipation grille is dynamically adjusted by a control system connected to the grille opening linkage regulator according to the data measured by the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor.
  • the above-mentioned adjustment of the opening degree of the heat dissipation grid hole by the data measured by the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor ensures the drying quality on the one hand and saves energy to the maximum on the other hand.
  • the inverted feeding device includes a guide wheel, a roller coating wheel, and a roller coating groove arranged in order from top to bottom, and the roller coating groove contains Paint, the lower end of the roller coating wheel is immersed in the paint of the roller coating tank, and a gap for the base cloth to pass through during the roller coating is provided between the guide wheel and the roller coating wheel.
  • the PU film bonding surface of the cow fiber leather base cloth is set downwards, and the PU film bonding surface of the cow fiber leather base cloth is penetrated on one side through the roller coating wheel set under the cow fiber leather base cloth.
  • An inverted feeding device can prevent PU material from penetrating into the cow fiber leather base fabric and affect product performance, on the other hand, it can formulate a lower viscosity PU material to better achieve the accuracy of the penetration layer depth. control.
  • the base cloth enters the three groups of inverted feeding devices in order to roll the paint during rolling.
  • cow fiber leather base fabric By setting up three sets of inverted feeding devices, it is beneficial to roll coating the cow fiber leather base fabric step by step, so as to more accurately control the depth of the penetration layer of the water-based PU material.
  • the PU film pasting process includes a process step of pasting the PU film on the surface of the single-sided impregnation layer of the base fabric.
  • the PU film is a transfer film.
  • the post-finishing treatment process includes using one of three-plate printing, spraying modification, hot-polishing modification, polishing modification or a combination of several post-finishing treatment methods to modify the color or texture of the PU film surface.
  • cow leather products are further improved through three-plate printing, spraying modification, ironing modification, and polishing modification.
  • the oil return treatment process includes the preparation of the oil return liquid, the use of an inverted feeding device, and the use of the oil return liquid as the coating to perform single-sided coating treatment on the back of the cow leather; wherein, the In the preparation process of the oil return liquid, the formula of the oil return liquid by weight is: for every 100 parts of ionized water, add 5-10 parts of leather softening oil, 5-10 parts of lanolin, and 5-10 parts of penetrant And 0.3-0.5 parts of antifungal agent, mixed uniformly, and prepared into the oil return liquid.
  • the softening oil plays the role of softening and lubricating the fiber.
  • the addition of lanolin can further improve the feel of leather products.
  • the synergistic effect of the two can significantly improve the physical properties of the leather, thereby further improving The quality of leather products.
  • the ingredients of the cow leather include cowhide fiber and a mixed fiber using at least two fibers among regenerated fiber, chemical fiber and cowhide fiber.
  • the regenerated fiber can be extracted from natural materials containing cellulose
  • the cowhide fiber can be made from a large amount of scraps and leftovers of natural leather produced in the production process of cow leather products.
  • the preparation process of the spunlace-wrapped recycled cattle leather of the present invention uses an inverted feeding device to perform single-surface penetration of the front surface of the cattle fiber leather base fabric. It has the following advantages: First, it can prevent PU material Penetrating penetration affects product performance. Second, lower viscosity PU materials can be formulated to better achieve precise control of the penetration layer depth.
  • the preparation process of a spunlace-entangled recycled cow leather of the present invention through a reasonable ratio of regenerated fiber, chemical fiber and cowhide fiber, is beneficial to the obtained cowhide not only has the appearance and feel close to real cowhide, but also With high mechanical strength, the two reach a better balance.
  • the mixed fiber mesh is laid by a combination of warp-direction cross-laying, weft-direction cross-laying and direct-laying.
  • the present invention adopts three directions of direct-laying, warp-laying and weft-laying for cross-laying, which can further improve the arrangement direction of mixed fibers and is beneficial to realize the physical properties of each direction.
  • the made cow fiber leather base fabric has good tensile strength and peel strength in all directions, thereby improving the physical properties of cow leather products.
  • the preparation process of a spunlace entangled recycled cow leather of the present invention compared with the conventional spunlace process, the present invention optimizes the spunlace of the laminated web formed by the mixed fiber web and the cowhide fiber web.
  • the hydraulic pressure of low-pressure pre-needling, medium-pressure positive-needling, and high-pressure positive-needling is set, and a 15-32MPa ultra-high-pressure puncture is added, which solves the problem that the higher-strength laminated net does not need to be under normal pressure.
  • the disadvantages are easy to penetrate.
  • the connection structure of the internal fibers of the laminated web after progressive pressure hydroentanglement is greatly improved, which is conducive to further improving the tensile strength and peel strength of the cow leather products.
  • low-pressure spunlace, medium-pressure spunlace, high-pressure spunlace, and ultra-high-pressure spunlace are used in different stages of the web formation of leather products. On the one hand, it can maximize the quality of the web, and on the other hand, it is also beneficial Extend the service life of spunlace core components.
  • the belt counter-pressure vacuum suction machine in the preparation process of the spunlace-wrapped recycled cow leather of the present invention, has two upper and lower water-absorbing vacuum chambers, and the belt counter-pressure structure has a water absorption area Compared with the roller extrusion or conventional vacuum suction method in the prior art, the water absorption efficiency is greatly improved. This can greatly reduce the power for subsequent drying, so it has a better energy-saving effect.
  • the belt counter-pressure vacuum suction machine adopts flat counter-pressure, so it can effectively improve the overall flatness of the laminated net, which is beneficial to improve the final appearance quality of leather products.
  • the S-shaped drying device adopts a cyclic drying method that combines a drying roller and an air circulation pipe, because the heat is concentrated in the overlap by the drying roller Around the net, the heat loss is reduced by the heat preservation shell, and the circulating fan makes the air flow in the heat preservation shell and forms a balanced heat dissipation effect. Its drying efficiency is high and it has an energy-saving effect.
  • the S-shaped structure of the drying device has a small footprint, which is beneficial to increase the utilization rate of the plant.
  • the preparation process of the spunlace-wrapped recycled cow leather of the present invention uses the data measured by the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor to adjust the opening of the heat dissipation grille, which on the one hand ensures the drying quality, on the other hand In this way, energy can be saved to the greatest extent.
  • the preparation process of the spunlace-wrapped recycled cow leather of the present invention is advantageous for the step-by-step roll coating of the cow fiber leather base cloth by setting up three sets of inverted feeding devices, so as to more accurately control the water quality The depth of the penetration layer of PU material.
  • the preparation process of a spunlace entangled recycled cow leather of the present invention further improves the appearance and feel of cow leather products through three-plate printing, spray modification, ironing modification, and polishing modification.
  • the preparation process of a spunlace entangled recycled cow leather of the present invention the softened oil plays a role in softening and lubricating the fiber, and the addition of lanolin can further improve the leather
  • the hand feeling of the product, the synergy between the two can significantly improve the physical properties of the leather, thereby further improving the quality of the leather product.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the process flow of the preparation process of a spunlace winding type recycled cow leather according to the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of laying net
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the inverted feeding device
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an S-shaped drying device
  • Figure 5 is a structural schematic diagram (left view) in which a circulating pipe and a circulating fan are set on the thermal insulation shell in Figure 4;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a belt counter-pressure vacuum suction machine.
  • P is the warp-direction cross-laying
  • Q is the latitude-direction cross-laying
  • R is the direct-laying network
  • M is the combination of warp-direction cross-laying, latitude cross-laying, and direct-laying.
  • A is the feed end of the laminated net on the belt counter-pressure vacuum suction machine
  • B is the discharge end of the laminated net on the belt counter-pressure vacuum suction machine.
  • Figures 1 to 6 show an example of the preparation process of a spunlace-entangled recycled cow leather according to the present invention, including a batching process, a cowhide fiber web forming process, and a mixed fiber web forming process in sequence according to the preparation process. Netting craftsmanship, superimposed netting crafting craftsmanship, base fabric making craftsmanship, cow leather finished crafting craftsmanship;
  • mixed fiber and cowhide fiber are used as raw materials and proportioned by weight;
  • the mixed fiber is a mixed fiber using at least two fibers among regenerated fiber, chemical fiber and cowhide fiber;
  • the cowhide fiber web forming process includes a process of forming the cowhide fiber into a cowhide fiber web by using a dry or wet web method
  • the mixed fiber web forming process includes a carding process of mixed fibers, a web laying process, and a spunlace preforming process in sequence;
  • the laminated web forming process includes a laminating process of laminating the cowhide fiber web and the mixed fiber web to form a laminated web, and a spunlace winding process sequentially arranged after the laminating process , Vacuum drying process, cycle drying process;
  • the base fabric manufacturing process includes a polishing process, a single-sided impregnation treatment process, and an ironing process, which are sequentially arranged to make the laminated mesh into a base fabric;
  • the single-sided impregnation process includes adopting inversion Type feeding device, and use water-based PU material or oil-based PU material as the coating, single-sided coating treatment of water-based PU material or oil-based PU material on one side of the base fabric to form a single-sided penetration impregnation of the base fabric Floor;
  • the production process of the cow leather finished product includes a PU film veneer process for forming the front side of the cow leather, a finishing treatment process for modifying the front side of the cow leather, and an oil return treatment process on the back side of the cow leather.
  • the ingredients of the cow leather include cowhide fiber, and a mixed fiber using at least two fibers of regenerated fiber, chemical fiber, and cowhide fiber.
  • the regenerated fiber can be from cellulose-containing Extracted from natural substances
  • cowhide fiber can be made from a large amount of scraps and leftovers of natural leather produced in the production process of cow leather products.
  • adding a certain proportion of chemical fibers to the blended fiber ingredients can increase the physical properties (such as strength, etc.) of the cow leather, thereby improving the durability of leather products.
  • the chemical fiber may be polyester fiber or nylon fiber, or a chemical fiber formed by mixing polyester fiber and nylon fiber in a certain ratio.
  • a low-speed and small-angle carding machine is used to card the mixed fibers into a web, which has less damage to the fibers, high flatness, and good web quality.
  • the cowhide fiber web is formed by dry-laid or wet-laid method, the dry-laid is air-laid, and the wet-laid is water-laid.
  • the air-laid net can be adapted to the production of thicker cow leather, and the water-laid net can be adapted to the production of thinner cow leather.
  • the mixed fibers are carded into a web, laid and pre-punched to form a mixed fiber web. After being superimposed with the cowhide fiber web, it is hydroentangled, vacuum sucked and dried in a cycle. A laminated net is made, and the laminated net is ironed, polished, and impregnated on one side to make a cow fiber leather base cloth.
  • the purpose of the impregnation treatment is to permeate the PU material on one side of the base fabric and the PU film (front side) so that it can be firmly combined with the PU film. At the same time, in order not to affect the hairiness of the cow leather back, it is necessary to control the single side. The thickness of the surface penetration layer.
  • this embodiment adopts an inverted feeding device to perform single-sided material penetration on the front of the cow fiber leather base fabric. It has the following advantages: first, it can prevent the penetration of PU material from affecting product performance, and second, it can A lower viscosity PU material is formulated to better realize the precise control of the penetration layer depth.
  • the base fabric of the cow fiber leather is permeated by the single-sided PU material, it is beneficial to obtain a higher bonding strength between the base fabric and the PU film after the PU film is laminated on the subsequent base fabric.
  • the depth of the single-sided impregnation layer is 1/3 to 2/3 of the thickness of the base fabric.
  • cowhide fiber The ratio of cowhide fiber, regenerated fiber, and chemical fiber will directly affect the material properties and feel of cow leather.
  • the weight ratio of the mixed fiber to the cowhide fiber is 1:0.8 to 1:4; the regenerated fiber in the mixed fiber accounts for 50% of the total weight of the mixed fiber the above.
  • the recycled fiber in the mixed fiber accounts for 50-80% of the total weight of the mixed fiber.
  • cowhide fiber is beneficial to the obtained cow leather not only has the appearance and feel close to real cowhide, but also has higher mechanical strength, and the two reach a better balance.
  • the laying process includes the process steps of cross laying and direct laying respectively by using a laying machine; wherein, the cross laying includes separate warp cross laying. Laying and weft cross-laid process steps.
  • the above-mentioned hybrid fiber web is laid by a combination of warp-direction cross-laying, weft-direction cross-laying and direct-laying.
  • this embodiment adopts direct-laying and warp-laying.
  • Cross-laying in the three directions of meshing and weft-laying can further improve the arrangement direction of the mixed fiber, which is beneficial to realize the complementarity of the physical properties of each direction, so that the made cow fiber leather base fabric has better performance in all directions Good tensile strength and peel strength, thereby improving the physical properties of cow leather products.
  • the hydroentanglement pre-forming includes pre-wetting, pre-needling and reverse pre-needling.
  • the spunlace winding process sequentially includes low-pressure pre-needling, medium-pressure positive-needling, high-pressure positive-needling, high-pressure reverse-needling, and ultra-high-pressure puncturing.
  • the water pressure of the low-pressure pre-needling is 1 to 2 MPa
  • the water pressure of the medium-pressure forward puncture is 4 to 5 MPa
  • the water pressure of the high-pressure forward puncture is 8-10 MPa
  • the water pressure of the high-pressure reverse puncture It is 10-15 MPa
  • the water pressure of the ultra-high pressure piercing is 15-32 MPa.
  • this embodiment optimizes the water pressure of low-pressure pre-needling, medium-pressure positive-needling, and high-pressure positive-needling for the spunlace of the superimposed net formed by the mixed fiber net and the kraft fiber net.
  • a 15-32MPa ultra-high pressure puncture is added, which solves the disadvantage that the higher-strength laminated mesh is not easy to penetrate under normal pressure spunlace.
  • the connection structure of the internal fibers of the laminated web after progressive pressure hydroentanglement is greatly improved, which is conducive to further improving the tensile strength and peel strength of the cow leather products.
  • low-pressure spunlace, medium-pressure spunlace, high-pressure spunlace, and ultra-high-pressure spunlace are used in different stages of the web formation of leather products. On the one hand, it can maximize the quality of the web, and on the other hand, it is also beneficial Extend the service life of spunlace core components.
  • a negative pressure adsorber that enhances the penetration effect of the hydroentanglement can be arranged under the superimposed net located at the high-pressure positive puncture, which is matched with the high-pressure puncture needle, so that the upper and lower sides of the superimposed net during high-pressure positive puncture form a relatively high Large pressure difference, thereby enhancing the penetration effect.
  • the vacuum drying process includes a process step of vacuum suction of the laminated net 2 using a belt pressure vacuum suction machine 1; wherein, the belt pressure vacuum suction machine 1 includes a pair of The upper water suction device 3 and the lower water suction device 4 are arranged up and down.
  • the upper water suction device 3 and the lower water suction device 4 are respectively provided with a vacuum box 5 for water absorption, and the vacuum box 5 is provided with a circulating rotation on the suction level
  • the squeezing belt 6 on the upper water suction device 3 and the squeezing belt 6 on the lower water suction device 4 are provided with an extrusion gap for the laminated net 2 to pass through, and the vacuum box 5
  • the suction level is provided with a suction hole 8 communicating with the vacuum cavity 7 inside the vacuum box 5, and the extrusion belt 6 is a water-permeable extrusion belt.
  • the upper suction device 3 and the lower suction device 4 are fixed by a frame.
  • the distance between the upper suction device 3 and the lower suction device 4 can be adjusted by a sliding seat that can move up and down and an adjusting screw connected to the sliding seat provided on the frame (the upper suction device 3 is connected to the sliding seat), To form different extrusion gaps.
  • the belt-to-pressure vacuum suction machine 1 has two upper and lower vacuum chambers 7 for water absorption, and the belt-to-pressure structure has a large water absorption area, which is comparable to roller extrusion or conventional vacuum suction in the prior art. Compared with the method, its water absorption efficiency has been greatly improved. This can greatly reduce the power for subsequent drying, so it has a better energy-saving effect.
  • the belt counter-pressure type vacuum suction machine 1 adopts flat counter-pressure, it can effectively improve the overall flatness of the laminated net 2 and thereby help improve the final appearance quality of the leather product.
  • the vacuum box 5 is provided with a driving roller 9 and a driven roller 10 for realizing the rotation of the pressing belt 6, and a number of guide rollers 11 are also provided between the driving roller 9 and the driven roller 10.
  • the driving roller 9 is driven to rotate by a reduction motor, and the rotation of the upper and lower driving rollers is synchronous rotation.
  • the vacuum box 5 is connected to a vacuum pump.
  • the cyclic drying process includes a process step of using an S-shaped drying device to cyclically dry the laminated web 2; wherein, the S-shaped drying device It includes a number of drying rollers 33 distributed in different horizontal positions and different height positions, and the laminated web 2 is cyclically dried by making several S-shaped folds along the drying roller 33; A heat-preserving shell 34 is provided on the periphery of the drying roller 33, and the top of the heat-preserving shell 34 is provided with heat-dissipating grill holes 35; both ends of the heat-preserving shell 34 are provided with air circulation pipes 40, and the circulating pipe 40 is provided with a circulation pipe. Fan 39.
  • the laminated net 2 enters and exits from the left and right directions, and the air circulation ducts 40 are arranged in the front and rear directions to form a better air flow effect.
  • the above-mentioned S-shaped drying device adopts the cyclic drying method that combines the drying roller 33 and the air circulation duct. Because the heat is concentrated around the laminated web through the drying roller 33, and the heat loss is reduced by the heat preservation shell 34, the circulating fan 39 makes the air flow in the thermal insulation shell 34 and forms a balanced heat dissipation effect, which has high drying efficiency and energy saving effect.
  • the S-shaped structure of the drying device has a small footprint, which is beneficial to increase the utilization rate of the plant.
  • the top of the heat preservation shell 34 is also provided with a grill hole opening linkage regulator 36 for adjusting the opening of the heat dissipation grill hole 35, and the orifice of the heat dissipation grill hole 35 is provided with a temperature sensor 37.
  • the humidity sensor 38 the size of the opening of the heat dissipation grid hole 35 is dynamically adjusted by the control system connected to the grid hole opening linkage regulator 36 according to the data measured by the temperature sensor 37 and the humidity sensor 38.
  • the above-mentioned adjustment of the opening degree of the heat dissipation grill hole through the data measured by the temperature sensor 37 and the humidity sensor 38 can ensure the drying quality on the one hand and save energy to the utmost on the other hand.
  • the inverted feeding device includes a guide wheel 24, a roller coating wheel 22, and a roller coating groove 25 that are sequentially arranged from top to bottom. Paint is contained in the groove 25, the lower end of the roller coating wheel 22 is immersed in the paint 21 of the roller coating groove 25, and the guide wheel 24 and the roller coating wheel 22 are provided with a device for rolling The gap through which the base cloth 23 passes.
  • the PU film bonding surface of the cow fiber leather base fabric 23 is set downward, and the PU film bonding surface of the cow fiber leather base fabric 23 is applied to the PU film bonding surface of the cattle fiber leather base fabric 23 through a roller 22 located under the cow fiber leather base fabric 23.
  • Material penetration This inverted feeding device can prevent PU material from penetrating into the cow fiber leather base fabric 23 and affect the product performance. On the other hand, it can prepare lower viscosity PU material for better realization. Precise control of the depth of the permeable layer.
  • the base cloth enters the three groups of inverted feeding devices in order to roll the paint during rolling.
  • cow fiber leather base fabric By setting up three sets of inverted feeding devices, it is beneficial to roll coating the cow fiber leather base fabric step by step, so as to more accurately control the depth of the penetration layer of the water-based PU material.
  • the PU film pasting process includes a process step of pasting the PU film on the surface of the single-sided impregnation layer of the base fabric.
  • the PU film is a transfer film.
  • the post-finishing treatment process includes using one of three-plate printing, spraying modification, hot-polishing modification, polishing modification, or a combination of several post-finishing treatment methods to modify the color or texture of the PU film surface .
  • cow leather products are further improved through three-plate printing, spraying modification, ironing modification, and polishing modification.
  • the oil return treatment process includes the preparation of the oil return liquid, the use of an inverted feeding device, and the use of the oil return liquid as the paint to perform single-sided coating treatment on the back of the cow leather;
  • the formula of the oil return liquid is calculated by weight: for every 100 parts of ionized water, add 5-10 parts of leather softening oil, 5-10 parts of lanolin, and 5-10 parts
  • the penetrant and 0.3-0.5 parts of anti-mold agent are mixed uniformly to prepare the oil return liquid.
  • the softening oil plays the role of softening and lubricating the fiber.
  • the addition of lanolin can further improve the feel of leather products.
  • the synergistic effect of the two can significantly improve the physical properties of the leather, thereby further improving The quality of leather products.
  • Example 1 According to the preparation process of Example 1, the production of spunlace-entangled recycled cow leather is carried out, and in the batching process, the weight ratio of the mixed fiber and the cowhide fiber is set to 1:4, and the cowhide fiber in the mixed fiber is set at the same time.
  • the production of spunlace-wrapped recycled cow leather is carried out, and in the batching process, the weight ratio of the mixed fiber and the cowhide fiber is set to 1:3, and the cowhide fiber in the mixed fiber is set at the same time.
  • Example 1 According to the preparation process of Example 1, the production of spunlace-wrapped recycled cow leather is carried out, and in the batching process, the weight ratio of the mixed fiber and the cowhide fiber is set to 1:2.8, and the cowhide fiber in the mixed fiber is set at the same time.
  • Example 1 According to the preparation process of Example 1, the production of spunlace-wrapped recycled cow leather is carried out, and in the batching process, the weight ratio of the mixed fiber and the cowhide fiber is set to 1:2, and the cowhide fiber in the mixed fiber is set at the same time.

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Abstract

一种水刺缠绕型循环牛皮革的制备工艺，包括配料工艺、牛皮纤维网成网工艺以及按照制备的工艺流程依次设置的混合纤维网成网工艺、叠合网成网工艺、基布制作工艺、牛皮革成品制作工艺；所述基布制作工艺包括依次设置的打磨工序、单面含浸处理工序和烫平工序，以用于将所述的叠合网制作成基布；所述单面含浸处理工序包括采用倒置式上料装置，并使用水性PU料或油性PU料作为涂料，对所述基布的单面进行水性PU料或油性PU料的单面涂装处理以形成所述基布的单面渗透含浸层。

Description

一种水刺缠绕型循环牛皮革的制备工艺 技术领域
本发明涉及皮革制造技术领域，具体涉及一种水刺缠绕型循环牛皮革的制备工艺。
背景技术
皮革是人类生活中不可或缺的一大类生产生活用品，广泛应用于服装、鞋类、家居、汽车、公共服务等诸多领域。在皮制品生产过程中产生的大量天然真皮的边角碎料，天然真皮的边角余料数量很大，如能对其进行循环利用，特别是二次加工成牛纤皮，将可产生相当大的财富，同时对绿色节能环保产生积极的意义。
传统的再生革都是将各种皮革和动物皮的边角废料粉碎成粉末，然后通过粘合剂或热熔纤维将粉末粘合、压制成整块的再生革。这种再生革其吸湿性，透气性、手感等性能较差，与真皮相比差距较大。
为此，现有技术开发了一种胶原纤维还原革基布，它是将各种皮革和动物皮的边角废料先提炼出胶原纤维，再将胶原纤维通过一定的制备工艺，制成还原革基布。这种还原革基布的胶原纤维具有立体的网状结构，性能与真皮接近。
现有技术中，典型的还原革基布为采用水刺技术制造的水性牛纤皮基布，通过以牛纤皮基布为底层，在底层表面粘合一层模仿牛皮效果的PU膜(聚氨酯涂饰层)，可以制成仿真牛皮革，作为皮衣、沙发、箱包、皮鞋等最终皮制品。
但是，上述以牛纤皮基布与聚氨酯涂饰层粘合的仿真牛皮革普遍存在物理性能较差(如机械强度较低)、手感不佳，且缺少真皮感，由此影响了仿真牛皮革制品的质量。另外，在仿真牛皮革的制备过程中，其能耗较大，导致制造成本的上升。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，本发明提出一种水刺缠绕型循环牛皮革的制备工艺，旨在提高牛皮革制品的物理性能和手感，增强真皮感，同时降低生产过程的能耗，实现绿色节能的目的。具体的技术方案如下：
一种水刺缠绕型循环牛皮革的制备工艺，包括配料工艺、牛皮纤维网成网工艺以及按照制备的工艺流程依次设置的混合纤维网成网工艺、叠合网成网工艺、基布制作工艺、牛皮革成品制作工艺；
其中，所述配料工艺中，以混合纤维及牛皮纤维为原料，按重量进行配比；所述混合纤维为采用再生纤维、化学纤维、牛皮纤维中的至少两种纤维的混合纤维；
其中，所述牛皮纤维网成网工艺包括采用干式成网或湿式成网的方法将所述牛皮纤维制成牛皮纤维网的工序；
其中，所述混合纤维网成网工艺依次包括混合纤维的梳理成网工序、铺网工序、水刺预成形工序；
其中，所述叠合网成网工艺包括将所述牛皮纤维网与所述混合纤维网叠合以形成叠合网的叠网工序，以及在所述叠网工序之后依次设置的水刺缠绕工序、真空吸干工序、循环烘干工序；
其中，所述基布制作工艺包括依次设置的打磨工序、单面含浸处理工序和烫平工序，以用于将所述的叠合网制作成基布；所述单面含浸处理工序包括采用倒置式上料装置，并使用水性PU料或油性PU料作为涂料，对所述基布的单面进行水性PU料或油性PU料的单面涂装处理以形成所述基布的单面渗透含浸层；
其中，所述牛皮革成品制作工艺包括依次设置的用于形成牛皮革正面的PU膜贴面工序、对所述牛皮革正面进行修饰的后饰处理工序以及牛皮革背面的回油处理工序。
上述制备工艺的原料配比中，其牛皮革的配料中包含有牛皮纤 维，以及采用再生纤维、化学纤维、牛皮纤维中的至少两种纤维的混合纤维，其中的再生纤维可以从含有纤维素的天然物质中提取，牛皮纤维则可以由牛皮革制品生产过程中产生的大量天然真皮的边角碎料和余料而制得，其一方面有利于自然资源的循环利用，环保性好；另一方面在混合纤维的配料中添加一定比例的化学纤维，能够增加牛皮革的物理性能(如强度等)，从而提高皮革制品的耐用度。
优选的，所述化学纤维可以采用涤纶纤维或锦纶纤维，或者将涤纶纤维与锦纶纤维按一定比例配比而形成的化学纤维。
优选的，在对混合纤维进行梳理时，使用低速度小角度梳理机将所述混合纤维梳理成网，其对纤维的损伤较小且平整度高，成网的质量好。
本发明的制备工艺中，牛皮纤维网成网采用干式成网或湿式成网的方法，所述干式成网采用气流成网，所述湿式成网采用水流成网。
其中，气流成网能够适应较厚牛皮革的制作，水流成网能够适应较薄牛皮革的制作。
本发明的制备工艺中，混合纤维经梳理成网、铺网及预刺成形后制成混合纤维网，其与牛皮纤维网叠合后，经水刺缠绕后真空吸干、循环烘干而制成叠合网，叠合网经烫平、打磨、单面含浸处理而制成牛纤皮基布。其中，含浸处理的目的是要将PU料单面渗透到基布与PU膜结合的一面(正面)，以便后续与PU膜牢固结合，同时为了不影响牛皮革背面的毛感，有必要控制单面渗透层的厚度。
为此，本发明采用倒置式上料装置对牛纤皮基布正面进行单面上料渗透，具有以下优势：一是可以防止PU料的穿透性渗透而影响到产品性能，二是可以配制较低粘度的PU料以更好的实现渗透层深度的精确控制。
由于牛纤皮基布经过单面PU料的渗透，有利于后续基布上进行PU膜贴面后能够得到较高的基布与PU膜的结合强度。
优选的，所述单面含浸处理工序中，其所述单面含浸层的深度为所述基布厚度的1/3～2/3。
牛皮纤维、再生纤维、化学纤维这三者之间的比例会直接影响牛皮革的物料性能和手感。
作为本发明配料工艺的优选方案，所述配料工艺中，其混合纤维与牛皮纤维的重量比例为1:0.8～1:4；所述混合纤维中的再生纤维占混合纤维总重量的50％以上。
更优选的，所述混合纤维中的再生纤维占混合纤维总重量的50～80％。
上述通过合理配比再生纤维、化学纤维和牛皮纤维，有利于制得的牛皮革既具有接近真牛皮的外观和手感，又具有较高的机械强度，两者达成较好的平衡。
作为本发明铺网工艺的优选方案，所述铺网工序包括采用铺网机分别进行的交叉铺网和直铺铺网的工艺步骤；其中，所述交叉铺网包括分别进行的经向交叉铺网和纬向交叉铺网的工艺步骤。
上述混合纤维网的铺网采用经向交叉铺网、纬向交叉铺网和直铺铺网的组合铺网方式，相比传统的单方向交叉铺网，本发明采用直铺铺网、经向铺网和纬向铺网三个方向进行交叉铺网，可以进一步改善混合纤维的排列方向，有利于实现各方向物理性能的互补，使得制成的牛纤皮基布在各个方向都有较好的抗拉强度和剥离强度，从而提高了牛皮革制品的物理性能。
本发明中，所述水刺预成形包括预湿、预刺和反预刺。
本发明中，所述水刺缠绕工艺依次包括低压预刺、中压正刺、高压正刺、高压反刺和超高压刺固。
其中，所述低压预刺的水压为1～2MPa，所述中压正刺的水压为4～5MPa，所述高压正刺的水压为8～10MPa，所述高压反刺的水压为10～15MPa，所述超高压刺固的水压为15～32MPa。
相比常规的水刺工艺，本发明对由混合纤维网、牛皮纤维网叠网形成的叠合网的水刺，优化设置了低压预刺、中压正刺、高压正刺的水压，同时又增加了一道15～32MPa的超高压刺固，从而解决了较高强度的叠合网在常压水刺情况下不容易刺透的弊端。叠合网经过渐进式加压水刺后其内部纤维的连接结构得到较大改善，有利于进一步提高牛皮革制品的抗拉强度和剥离强度。
另外，通过在皮革制品成网的不同阶段分别采用低压水刺、中压水刺、高压水刺和超高压刺固，其一方面能够最大限度的提高其成网质量，另一方面也有利于延长水刺核心部件的使用寿命。
作为进一步的改进，可以在位于高压正刺部位的叠合网下面设置增强水刺刺透效果的负压吸附器，其与高压刺针相配合，使得高压正刺时叠合网的上下面形成较大的压差，从而增强刺透的效果。
本发明中，所述真空吸干工序包括采用皮带对压式真空吸水机对所述叠合网进行真空吸水的工艺步骤；其中，所述皮带对压式真空吸水机包括一对上下对合布置的上吸水装置和下吸水装置，所述上吸水装置和下吸水装置上分别设置有用于吸水的真空箱，所述真空箱的吸水平面上设置有循环回转的挤压带，且上吸水装置上的挤压带与下吸水装置上的挤压带之间设置有用于所述叠合网通过的挤压间隙，所述真空箱的吸水平面上设置有连通真空箱内部真空腔的吸水孔，所述挤压带为透水型挤压带。
本发明中的上吸水装置和下吸水装置通过机架进行固定。其中，上吸水装置和下吸水装置之间的距离通过机架上设置的可上下移动的滑座和连接滑座的调节螺杆实现可调(其中上吸水装置连接在滑座上)，以形成不同的挤压间隙。
上述真空吸干工序中，皮带对压式真空吸水机具有上下两个吸水的真空腔，且皮带对压式结构的吸水面积大，与现有技术中的辊轴挤压或常规真空吸水方式相比，其吸水效率得到大幅度。由此可以大幅 度降低后续烘干的电力，因此具有较好节能效果。另外，皮带对压式真空吸水机由于采用平面对压，因此能有效提高叠合网的整体平整性，从而有利于提高皮革制品的最终外观质量。
本发明中，所述真空箱上设置有用于实现挤压带回转的驱动辊和被动辊，在驱动辊和被动辊之间还设置有若干数量的导向辊。
其中，所述驱动辊由减速电机带动旋转，且上下驱动辊的旋转为同步旋转。
本发明中，所述真空箱连接真空泵。
作为本发明中循环烘干工序的优选方案，所述循环烘干工序包括采用S形烘干装置对所述叠合网进行循环烘干的工艺步骤；其中，所述S形烘干装置包括若干数量分布在不同水平位置和不同高度位置的烘干辊，且所述叠合网通过沿着所述烘干辊作若干次S形折返前进的方式进行循环烘干；所述烘干辊外围设置有保温壳，所述保温壳的顶部设置有散热格栅孔；所述保温壳的两端设置有空气循环管道，所述循环管道上设置有循环风机。
优选的，所述叠合网从左右方向进出，所述空气循环管道是前后方向布置，以形成较好的空气流动效果。
上述S形烘干装置通过烘干辊与空气循环管道相组合的循环烘干方式，由于热量通过烘干辊集中在叠合网的周围，且通过保温壳减少热量流失，通过循环风机使得保温壳内空气流动并形成均衡散热效果，其烘干效率高，具有节能效果。另一方面，S型结构的烘干装置其占地面积小，有利于增加厂房的利用率。
更优选的，所述保温壳的顶部还设置有用于调节散热格栅孔开度大小的格栅孔开度联动调节器，所述散热格栅孔的孔口设置有温度传感器和湿度传感器，所述散热格栅孔开度的大小根据所述温度传感器及湿度传感器测得的数据由连接所述格栅孔开度联动调节器的控制系统进行动态调节。
上述通过温度传感器及湿度传感器测得的数据来调节散热格栅孔开度大小，其一方面保证了烘干质量，另一方面可以最大限度节约能源。
作为本发明中倒置式上料装置的优选方案，所述倒置式上料装置包括按照从上至下的位置依次设置的导轮、滚涂轮、滚涂槽，所述滚涂槽内容纳有涂料，所述滚涂轮的下端沉浸在所述滚涂槽的涂料内，所述导轮与所述滚涂轮之间设置有用于在滚涂时所述基布通过的间隙。
滚涂时，牛纤皮基布的PU膜结合面朝下设置，通过设于牛纤皮基布下方的滚涂轮对牛纤皮基布的PU膜结合面进行单面上料渗透，这种倒置式上料装置一方面可以防止PU料对牛纤皮基布的穿透性渗透而影响到产品性能，另一方面可以配制较低粘度的PU料以更好的实现渗透层深度的精确控制。
优选的，所述倒置式上料装置的数量有三组，滚涂时所述基布依次进入三组倒置式上料装置中进行所述涂料的滚涂。
通过设置三组倒置式上料装置，有利于对牛纤皮基布进行逐级滚涂，从而能够更精确地控制水性PU料的渗透层深度。
本发明中，所述PU膜贴面工序包括将PU膜贴合在所述基布的单面含浸层表面的工艺步骤。
优选的，所述PU膜为转移膜。
本发明中，所述后饰处理工序包括采用三版印刷、喷涂修饰、烫光修饰、抛光修饰中的一种或其中若干种后饰处理方法的组合，进行PU膜表面色泽或纹路的修饰。
通过三版印刷、喷涂修饰、烫光修饰、抛光修饰的后饰处理，进一步提高了牛皮革制品的外观和手感。
本发明中，所述回油处理工序包括回油液的配制、采用倒置式上料装置，并使用回油液作为涂料，对牛皮革背面进行单面涂装处理的 工艺步骤；其中，所述回油液的配制工艺步骤中，其回油液的配方按照重量计为：每100份离子水，加入5～10份皮革软化用回软油、5～10份羊毛脂、5～10份渗透剂、0.3～0.5份防霉剂，混合均匀，配制成所述回油液。
上述在回油液的配方中，回软油起到对纤维物的软化和润滑作用，羊毛脂的加入可以进一步改善皮革制品的手感，两者协同作用能够显著改善皮革的理学性能，从而进一步提高皮革制品的质量。
本发明的有益效果是：
第一，本发明的一种水刺缠绕型循环牛皮革的制备工艺，其牛皮革的配料中包含有牛皮纤维，以及采用再生纤维、化学纤维、牛皮纤维中的至少两种纤维的混合纤维，其中的再生纤维可以从含有纤维素的天然物质中提取，牛皮纤维则可以由牛皮革制品生产过程中产生的大量天然真皮的边角碎料和余料而制得，其一方面有利于自然资源的循环利用，环保性好；另一方面在混合纤维的配料中添加一定比例的化学纤维，能够增加牛皮革的物理性能(如强度等)，从而提高皮革制品的耐用度。
第二，本发明的一种水刺缠绕型循环牛皮革的制备工艺，采用倒置式上料装置对牛纤皮基布正面进行单面上料渗透，具有以下优势：一是可以防止PU料的穿透性渗透而影响到产品性能，二是可以配制较低粘度的PU料以更好的实现渗透层深度的精确控制。
第三，本发明的一种水刺缠绕型循环牛皮革的制备工艺，通过合理配比再生纤维、化学纤维和牛皮纤维，有利于制得的牛皮革既具有接近真牛皮的外观和手感，又具有较高的机械强度，两者达成较好的平衡。
第四，本发明的一种水刺缠绕型循环牛皮革的制备工艺，混合纤维网的铺网采用经向交叉铺网、纬向交叉铺网和直铺铺网的组合铺网方式，相比传统的单方向交叉铺网，本发明采用直铺铺网、经向铺网 和纬向铺网三个方向进行交叉铺网，可以进一步改善混合纤维的排列方向，有利于实现各方向物理性能的互补，使得制成的牛纤皮基布在各个方向都有较好的抗拉强度和剥离强度，从而提高了牛皮革制品的物理性能。
第五，本发明的一种水刺缠绕型循环牛皮革的制备工艺，相比常规的水刺工艺，本发明对由混合纤维网、牛皮纤维网叠网形成的叠合网的水刺，优化设置了低压预刺、中压正刺、高压正刺的水压，同时又增加了一道15～32MPa的超高压刺固，从而解决了较高强度的叠合网在常压水刺情况下不容易刺透的弊端。叠合网经过渐进式加压水刺后其内部纤维的连接结构得到较大改善，有利于进一步提高牛皮革制品的抗拉强度和剥离强度。另外，通过在皮革制品成网的不同阶段分别采用低压水刺、中压水刺、高压水刺和超高压刺固，其一方面能够最大限度的提高其成网质量，另一方面也有利于延长水刺核心部件的使用寿命。
第六，本发明的一种水刺缠绕型循环牛皮革的制备工艺，真空吸干工序中，皮带对压式真空吸水机具有上下两个吸水的真空腔，且皮带对压式结构的吸水面积大，与现有技术中的辊轴挤压或常规真空吸水方式相比，其吸水效率得到大幅度。由此可以大幅度降低后续烘干的电力，因此具有较好节能效果。另外，皮带对压式真空吸水机由于采用平面对压，因此能有效提高叠合网的整体平整性，从而有利于提高皮革制品的最终外观质量。
第七，本发明的一种水刺缠绕型循环牛皮革的制备工艺，S形烘干装置通过烘干辊与空气循环管道相组合的循环烘干方式，由于热量通过烘干辊集中在叠合网的周围，且通过保温壳减少热量流失，通过循环风机使得保温壳内空气流动并形成均衡散热效果，其烘干效率高，具有节能效果。另一方面，S型结构的烘干装置其占地面积小，有利于增加厂房的利用率。
第八，本发明的一种水刺缠绕型循环牛皮革的制备工艺，通过温度传感器及湿度传感器测得的数据来调节散热格栅孔开度大小，其一方面保证了烘干质量，另一方面可以最大限度节约能源。
第九，本发明的一种水刺缠绕型循环牛皮革的制备工艺，通过设置三组倒置式上料装置，有利于对牛纤皮基布进行逐级滚涂，从而能够更精确地控制水性PU料的渗透层深度。
第十，本发明的一种水刺缠绕型循环牛皮革的制备工艺，通过三版印刷、喷涂修饰、烫光修饰、抛光修饰的后饰处理，进一步提高了牛皮革制品的外观和手感。
第十一，本发明的一种水刺缠绕型循环牛皮革的制备工艺，在回油液的配方中，回软油起到对纤维物的软化和润滑作用，羊毛脂的加入可以进一步改善皮革制品的手感，两者协同作用能够显著改善皮革的理学性能，从而进一步提高皮革制品的质量。
附图说明
图1是本发明的一种水刺缠绕型循环牛皮革的制备工艺的工艺流程示意图；
图2是铺网示意图；
图3是倒置式上料装置的结构示意图；
图4是S形烘干装置的结构示意图；
图5是在图4中的保温壳上设置循环管道及循环风机的结构示意图(左视图)；
图6是皮带对压式真空吸水机的结构示意图。
图中：1、皮带对压式真空吸水机，2、叠合网，3、上吸水装置，4、下吸水装置，5、真空箱，6、挤压带，7、真空腔，8、吸水孔，9、驱动辊，10、被动辊，11、导向辊，12、辊轴支架。
图中：21、涂料，22、滚涂轮，23、牛纤皮基布，24、导轮，25、滚涂槽。
图中：32、导轮，33、烘干辊，34、保温壳，35、散热格栅孔，36、格栅孔开度联动调节器，37、温度传感器，38、湿度传感器，39、循环风机、40、循环管道。
图中：P为经向交叉铺网，Q为纬向交叉铺网，R为直铺铺网，M为由经向交叉铺网、纬向交叉铺网、直铺铺网形成的组合铺网。
图中：A为皮带对压式真空吸水机上叠合网的进料端，B为皮带对压式真空吸水机上叠合网的出料端。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例，对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本发明的技术方案，而不能以此来限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例1：
如图1至6所示为本发明的一种水刺缠绕型循环牛皮革的制备工艺的实施例，包括配料工艺、牛皮纤维网成网工艺以及按照制备的工艺流程依次设置的混合纤维网成网工艺、叠合网成网工艺、基布制作工艺、牛皮革成品制作工艺；
其中，所述配料工艺中，以混合纤维及牛皮纤维为原料，按重量进行配比；所述混合纤维为采用再生纤维、化学纤维、牛皮纤维中的至少两种纤维的混合纤维；
其中，所述牛皮纤维网成网工艺包括采用干式成网或湿式成网的方法将所述牛皮纤维制成牛皮纤维网的工序；
其中，所述混合纤维网成网工艺依次包括混合纤维的梳理成网工序、铺网工序、水刺预成形工序；
其中，所述叠合网成网工艺包括将所述牛皮纤维网与所述混合纤维网叠合以形成叠合网的叠网工序，以及在所述叠网工序之后依次设置的水刺缠绕工序、真空吸干工序、循环烘干工序；
其中，所述基布制作工艺包括依次设置的打磨工序、单面含浸处 理工序和烫平工序，以用于将所述的叠合网制作成基布；所述单面含浸处理工序包括采用倒置式上料装置，并使用水性PU料或油性PU料作为涂料，对所述基布的单面进行水性PU料或油性PU料的单面涂装处理以形成所述基布的单面渗透含浸层；
其中，所述牛皮革成品制作工艺包括依次设置的用于形成牛皮革正面的PU膜贴面工序、对所述牛皮革正面进行修饰的后饰处理工序以及牛皮革背面的回油处理工序。
上述制备工艺的原料配比中，其牛皮革的配料中包含有牛皮纤维，以及采用再生纤维、化学纤维、牛皮纤维中的至少两种纤维的混合纤维，其中的再生纤维可以从含有纤维素的天然物质中提取，牛皮纤维则可以由牛皮革制品生产过程中产生的大量天然真皮的边角碎料和余料而制得，其一方面有利于自然资源的循环利用，环保性好；另一方面在混合纤维的配料中添加一定比例的化学纤维，能够增加牛皮革的物理性能(如强度等)，从而提高皮革制品的耐用度。
优选的，所述化学纤维可以采用涤纶纤维或锦纶纤维，或者将涤纶纤维与锦纶纤维按一定比例配比而形成的化学纤维。
优选的，在对混合纤维进行梳理时，使用低速度小角度梳理机将所述混合纤维梳理成网，其对纤维的损伤较小且平整度高，成网的质量好。
本实施例的制备工艺中，牛皮纤维网成网采用干式成网或湿式成网的方法，所述干式成网采用气流成网，所述湿式成网采用水流成网。
其中，气流成网能够适应较厚牛皮革的制作，水流成网能够适应较薄牛皮革的制作。
本实施例的制备工艺中，混合纤维经梳理成网、铺网及预刺成形后制成混合纤维网，其与牛皮纤维网叠合后，经水刺缠绕后真空吸干、循环烘干而制成叠合网，叠合网经烫平、打磨、单面含浸处理而制成牛纤皮基布。其中，含浸处理的目的是要将PU料单面渗透到基布与 PU膜结合的一面(正面)，以便后续与PU膜牢固结合，同时为了不影响牛皮革背面的毛感，有必要控制单面渗透层的厚度。
为此，本实施例采用倒置式上料装置对牛纤皮基布正面进行单面上料渗透，具有以下优势：一是可以防止PU料的穿透性渗透而影响到产品性能，二是可以配制较低粘度的PU料以更好的实现渗透层深度的精确控制。
由于牛纤皮基布经过单面PU料的渗透，有利于后续基布上进行PU膜贴面后能够得到较高的基布与PU膜的结合强度。
优选的，所述单面含浸处理工序中，其所述单面含浸层的深度为所述基布厚度的1/3～2/3。
牛皮纤维、再生纤维、化学纤维这三者之间的比例会直接影响牛皮革的物料性能和手感。
作为本实施例配料工艺的优选方案，所述配料工艺中，其混合纤维与牛皮纤维的重量比例为1:0.8～1:4；所述混合纤维中的再生纤维占混合纤维总重量的50％以上。
更优选的，所述混合纤维中的再生纤维占混合纤维总重量的50～80％。
上述通过合理配比再生纤维、化学纤维和牛皮纤维，有利于制得的牛皮革既具有接近真牛皮的外观和手感，又具有较高的机械强度，两者达成较好的平衡。
作为本实施例铺网工艺的优选方案，所述铺网工序包括采用铺网机分别进行的交叉铺网和直铺铺网的工艺步骤；其中，所述交叉铺网包括分别进行的经向交叉铺网和纬向交叉铺网的工艺步骤。
上述混合纤维网的铺网采用经向交叉铺网、纬向交叉铺网和直铺铺网的组合铺网方式，相比传统的单方向交叉铺网，本实施例采用直铺铺网、经向铺网和纬向铺网三个方向进行交叉铺网，可以进一步改善混合纤维的排列方向，有利于实现各方向物理性能的互补，使得制 成的牛纤皮基布在各个方向都有较好的抗拉强度和剥离强度，从而提高了牛皮革制品的物理性能。
本实施例中，所述水刺预成形包括预湿、预刺和反预刺。
本实施例中，所述水刺缠绕工艺依次包括低压预刺、中压正刺、高压正刺、高压反刺和超高压刺固。
其中，所述低压预刺的水压为1～2MPa，所述中压正刺的水压为4～5MPa，所述高压正刺的水压为8～10MPa，所述高压反刺的水压为10～15MPa，所述超高压刺固的水压为15～32MPa。
相比常规的水刺工艺，本实施例对由混合纤维网、牛皮纤维网叠网形成的叠合网的水刺，优化设置了低压预刺、中压正刺、高压正刺的水压，同时又增加了一道15～32MPa的超高压刺固，从而解决了较高强度的叠合网在常压水刺情况下不容易刺透的弊端。叠合网经过渐进式加压水刺后其内部纤维的连接结构得到较大改善，有利于进一步提高牛皮革制品的抗拉强度和剥离强度。
另外，通过在皮革制品成网的不同阶段分别采用低压水刺、中压水刺、高压水刺和超高压刺固，其一方面能够最大限度的提高其成网质量，另一方面也有利于延长水刺核心部件的使用寿命。
作为进一步的改进，可以在位于高压正刺部位的叠合网下面设置增强水刺刺透效果的负压吸附器，其与高压刺针相配合，使得高压正刺时叠合网的上下面形成较大的压差，从而增强刺透的效果。
本实施例中，所述真空吸干工序包括采用皮带对压式真空吸水机1对所述叠合网2进行真空吸水的工艺步骤；其中，所述皮带对压式真空吸水机1包括一对上下对合布置的上吸水装置3和下吸水装置4，所述上吸水装置3和下吸水装置4上分别设置有用于吸水的真空箱5，所述真空箱5的吸水平面上设置有循环回转的挤压带6，且上吸水装置3上的挤压带6与下吸水装置4上的挤压带6之间设置有用于所述叠合网2通过的挤压间隙，所述真空箱5的吸水平面上设置有连通真空箱5内 部真空腔7的吸水孔8，所述挤压带6为透水型挤压带。
本实施例中的上吸水装置3和下吸水装置4通过机架进行固定。其中，上吸水装置3和下吸水装置4之间的距离通过机架上设置的可上下移动的滑座和连接滑座的调节螺杆实现可调(其中上吸水装置3连接在滑座上)，以形成不同的挤压间隙。
上述真空吸干工序中，皮带对压式真空吸水机1具有上下两个吸水的真空腔7，且皮带对压式结构的吸水面积大，与现有技术中的辊轴挤压或常规真空吸水方式相比，其吸水效率得到大幅度。由此可以大幅度降低后续烘干的电力，因此具有较好节能效果。另外，皮带对压式真空吸水机1由于采用平面对压，因此能有效提高叠合网2的整体平整性，从而有利于提高皮革制品的最终外观质量。
本实施例中，所述真空箱5上设置有用于实现挤压带6回转的驱动辊9和被动辊10，在驱动辊9和被动辊10之间还设置有若干数量的导向辊11。
其中，所述驱动辊9由减速电机带动旋转，且上下驱动辊的旋转为同步旋转。
本实施例中，所述真空箱5连接真空泵。
作为本实施例中循环烘干工序的优选方案，所述循环烘干工序包括采用S形烘干装置对所述叠合网2进行循环烘干的工艺步骤；其中，所述S形烘干装置包括若干数量分布在不同水平位置和不同高度位置的烘干辊33，且所述叠合网2通过沿着所述烘干辊33作若干次S形折返前进的方式进行循环烘干；所述烘干辊33外围设置有保温壳34，所述保温壳34的顶部设置有散热格栅孔35；所述保温壳34的两端设置有空气循环管道40，所述循环管道40上设置有循环风机39。
图4及图5中，叠合网2从左右方向进出，空气循环管道40是前后方向布置，形成较好的空气流动效果。
上述S形烘干装置通过烘干辊33与空气循环管道相组合的循环烘 干方式，由于热量通过烘干辊33集中在叠合网的周围，且通过保温壳34减少热量流失，通过循环风机39使得保温壳34内空气流动并形成均衡散热效果，其烘干效率高，具有节能效果。另一方面，S型结构的烘干装置其占地面积小，有利于增加厂房的利用率。
更优选的，所述保温壳34的顶部还设置有用于调节散热格栅孔35开度大小的格栅孔开度联动调节器36，所述散热格栅孔35的孔口设置有温度传感器37和湿度传感器38，所述散热格栅孔35开度的大小根据所述温度传感器37及湿度传感器38测得的数据由连接所述格栅孔开度联动调节器36的控制系统进行动态调节。
上述通过温度传感器37及湿度传感器38测得的数据来调节散热格栅孔开度大小，其一方面保证了烘干质量，另一方面可以最大限度节约能源。
作为本实施例中倒置式上料装置的优选方案，所述倒置式上料装置包括按照从上至下的位置依次设置的导轮24、滚涂轮22、滚涂槽25，所述滚涂槽25内容纳有涂料，所述滚涂轮22的下端沉浸在所述滚涂槽25的涂料21内，所述导轮24与所述滚涂轮22之间设置有用于在滚涂时所述基布23通过的间隙。
滚涂时，牛纤皮基布23的PU膜结合面朝下设置，通过设于牛纤皮基布23下方的滚涂轮22对牛纤皮基布23的PU膜结合面进行单面上料渗透，这种倒置式上料装置一方面可以防止PU料对牛纤皮基布23的穿透性渗透而影响到产品性能，另一方面可以配制较低粘度的PU料以更好的实现渗透层深度的精确控制。
优选的，所述倒置式上料装置的数量有三组，滚涂时所述基布依次进入三组倒置式上料装置中进行所述涂料的滚涂。
通过设置三组倒置式上料装置，有利于对牛纤皮基布进行逐级滚涂，从而能够更精确地控制水性PU料的渗透层深度。
本实施例中，所述PU膜贴面工序包括将PU膜贴合在所述基布的 单面含浸层表面的工艺步骤。
优选的，所述PU膜为转移膜。
本实施例中，所述后饰处理工序包括采用三版印刷、喷涂修饰、烫光修饰、抛光修饰中的一种或其中若干种后饰处理方法的组合，进行PU膜表面色泽或纹路的修饰。
通过三版印刷、喷涂修饰、烫光修饰、抛光修饰的后饰处理，进一步提高了牛皮革制品的外观和手感。
本实施例中，所述回油处理工序包括回油液的配制、采用倒置式上料装置，并使用回油液作为涂料，对牛皮革背面进行单面涂装处理的工艺步骤；其中，所述回油液的配制工艺步骤中，其回油液的配方按照重量计为：每100份离子水，加入5～10份皮革软化用回软油、5～10份羊毛脂、5～10份渗透剂、0.3～0.5份防霉剂，混合均匀，配制成所述回油液。
上述在回油液的配方中，回软油起到对纤维物的软化和润滑作用，羊毛脂的加入可以进一步改善皮革制品的手感，两者协同作用能够显著改善皮革的理学性能，从而进一步提高皮革制品的质量。
实施例2：
按照实施例1的制备工艺进行水刺缠绕型循环牛皮革的制作，并在其中的配料工序中，设置混合纤维与牛皮纤维的重量配比为1:4，同时设置混合纤维中的牛皮纤维的含量为45％，制成牛皮纤维总含量为(1×45％+4)÷(1+4)×100％＝89％的牛皮革；该牛皮革用于沙发、箱包的制作。
实施例3：
按照实施例1的制备工艺进行水刺缠绕型循环牛皮革的制作，并在其中的配料工序中，设置混合纤维与牛皮纤维的重量配比为1:3，同时设置混合纤维中的牛皮纤维的含量为40％，制成牛皮纤维总含量为(1×40％+3)÷(1+3)×100％＝85％的牛皮革；该牛皮革用于沙 发、箱包的制作。
实施例4：
按照实施例1的制备工艺进行水刺缠绕型循环牛皮革的制作，并在其中的配料工序中，设置混合纤维与牛皮纤维的重量配比为1:2.8，同时设置混合纤维中的牛皮纤维的含量为40％，制成牛皮纤维总含量为(1×40％+2.8)÷(1+2.8)×100％＝84.2％的牛皮革；该牛皮革用于鞋类的制作。
实施例5：
按照实施例1的制备工艺进行水刺缠绕型循环牛皮革的制作，并在其中的配料工序中，设置混合纤维与牛皮纤维的重量配比为1:2，同时设置混合纤维中的牛皮纤维的含量为25％，制成牛皮纤维总含量为(1×25％+2)÷(1+2)×100％＝75％的牛皮革；该牛皮革用于鞋类的制作。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种水刺缠绕型循环牛皮革的制备工艺，其特征在于，包括配料工艺、牛皮纤维网成网工艺以及按照制备的工艺流程依次设置的混合纤维网成网工艺、叠合网成网工艺、基布制作工艺、牛皮革成品制作工艺；
    其中，所述配料工艺中，以混合纤维及牛皮纤维为原料，按重量进行配比；所述混合纤维为采用再生纤维、化学纤维、牛皮纤维中的至少两种纤维的混合纤维；
    其中，所述牛皮纤维网成网工艺包括采用干式成网或湿式成网的方法将所述牛皮纤维制成牛皮纤维网的工序；
    其中，所述混合纤维网成网工艺依次包括混合纤维的梳理成网工序、铺网工序、水刺预成形工序；
    其中，所述叠合网成网工艺包括将所述牛皮纤维网与所述混合纤维网叠合以形成叠合网的叠网工序，以及在所述叠网工序之后依次设置的水刺缠绕工序、真空吸干工序、循环烘干工序；
    其中，所述基布制作工艺包括依次设置的打磨工序、单面含浸处理工序和烫平工序，以用于将所述的叠合网制作成基布；所述单面含浸处理工序包括采用倒置式上料装置，并使用水性PU料或油性PU料作为涂料，对所述基布的单面进行水性PU料或油性PU料的单面涂装处理以形成所述基布的单面渗透含浸层；
    其中，所述牛皮革成品制作工艺包括依次设置的用于形成牛皮革正面的PU膜贴面工序、对所述牛皮革正面进行修饰的后饰处理工序以及牛皮革背面的回油处理工序。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种水刺缠绕型循环牛皮革的制备工艺，其特征在于，所述单面含浸处理工序中，其所述单面含浸层的深度为所述基布厚度的1/3～2/3；所述配料工艺中，其混合纤维与牛皮纤维的重量比例为1:0.8～1:4；所述混合纤维中的再生纤维占混合纤 维总重量的50％以上。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种水刺缠绕型循环牛皮革的制备工艺，其特征在于，所述铺网工序包括采用铺网机分别进行的交叉铺网和直铺铺网的工艺步骤；其中，所述交叉铺网包括分别进行的经向交叉铺网和纬向交叉铺网的工艺步骤。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种水刺缠绕型循环牛皮革的制备工艺，其特征在于，所述水刺缠绕工艺依次包括低压预刺、中压正刺、高压正刺、高压反刺和超高压刺固；其中，所述低压预刺的水压为1～2MPa，所述中压正刺的水压为4～5MPa，所述高压正刺的水压为8～10MPa，所述高压反刺的水压为10～15MPa，所述超高压刺固的水压为15～32MPa。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种水刺缠绕型循环牛皮革的制备工艺，其特征在于，所述真空吸干工序包括采用皮带对压式真空吸水机对所述叠合网进行真空吸水的工艺步骤；其中，所述皮带对压式真空吸水机包括一对上下对合布置的上吸水装置和下吸水装置，所述上吸水装置和下吸水装置上分别设置有用于吸水的真空箱，所述真空箱的吸水平面上设置有循环回转的挤压带，且上吸水装置上的挤压带与下吸水装置上的挤压带之间设置有用于所述叠合网通过的挤压间隙，所述真空箱的吸水平面上设置有连通真空箱内部真空腔的吸水孔，所述挤压带为透水型挤压带。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种水刺缠绕型循环牛皮革的制备工艺，其特征在于，所述循环烘干工序包括采用S形烘干装置对所述叠合网进行循环烘干的工艺步骤；其中，所述S形烘干装置包括若干数量分布在不同水平位置和不同高度位置的烘干辊，且所述叠合网通过沿着所述烘干辊作若干次S形折返前进的方式进行循环烘干；所述烘干辊外围设置有保温壳，所述保温壳的顶部设置有散热格栅孔；所述保温壳的两端设置有循环管道，所述循环管道上设置有循环风机。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种水刺缠绕型循环牛皮革的制备工艺，其特征在于，所述倒置式上料装置包括按照从上至下的位置依次设置的导轮、滚涂轮、滚涂槽，所述滚涂槽内容纳有涂料，所述滚涂轮的下端沉浸在所述滚涂槽的涂料内，所述导轮与所述滚涂轮之间设置有用于在滚涂时所述基布通过的间隙。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种水刺缠绕型循环牛皮革的制备工艺，其特征在于，所述PU膜贴面工序包括将PU膜贴合在所述基布的单面含浸层表面的工艺步骤。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种水刺缠绕型循环牛皮革的制备工艺，其特征在于，所述后饰处理工序包括采用三版印刷、喷涂修饰、烫光修饰、抛光修饰中的一种或其中若干种后饰处理方法的组合，进行PU膜表面色泽或纹路的修饰。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的一种水刺缠绕型循环牛皮革的制备工艺，其特征在于，所述回油处理工序包括回油液的配制、采用倒置式上料装置，并使用回油液作为涂料，对牛皮革背面进行单面涂装处理的工艺步骤；其中，所述回油液的配制工艺步骤中，其回油液的配方按照重量计为：每100份离子水，加入5～10份皮革软化用回软油、5～10份羊毛脂、5～10份渗透剂、0.3～0.5份防霉剂，混合均匀，配制成所述回油液。
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