WO2020187333A1 - 电机驱动式单粒弹射播种装置及播种方法 - Google Patents

电机驱动式单粒弹射播种装置及播种方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020187333A1
WO2020187333A1 PCT/CN2020/083089 CN2020083089W WO2020187333A1 WO 2020187333 A1 WO2020187333 A1 WO 2020187333A1 CN 2020083089 W CN2020083089 W CN 2020083089W WO 2020187333 A1 WO2020187333 A1 WO 2020187333A1
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seed
tube
motor
piston
gear
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PCT/CN2020/083089
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李青龙
沈景新
孙宜田
梁胜利
张波
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山东省农业机械科学研究院
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Priority to US16/962,844 priority Critical patent/US10918011B1/en
Publication of WO2020187333A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020187333A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C7/00—Sowing
    • A01C7/08—Broadcast seeders; Seeders depositing seeds in rows
    • A01C7/10—Devices for adjusting the seed-box ; Regulation of machines for depositing quantities at intervals
    • A01C7/102—Regulating or controlling the seed rate
    • A01C7/105—Seed sensors
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C19/00—Arrangements for driving working parts of fertilisers or seeders
    • A01C19/02—Arrangements for driving working parts of fertilisers or seeders by a motor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C7/00—Sowing
    • A01C7/04—Single-grain seeders with or without suction devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C7/00—Sowing
    • A01C7/08—Broadcast seeders; Seeders depositing seeds in rows
    • A01C7/12—Seeders with feeding wheels
    • A01C7/123—Housings for feed rollers or wheels
    • A01C7/125—Housings for feed rollers or wheels with bottom delivery of the seeds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C7/00—Sowing
    • A01C7/08—Broadcast seeders; Seeders depositing seeds in rows
    • A01C7/12—Seeders with feeding wheels
    • A01C7/127—Cell rollers, wheels, discs or belts
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C7/00—Sowing
    • A01C7/20—Parts of seeders for conducting and depositing seed
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C7/00—Sowing
    • A01C7/20—Parts of seeders for conducting and depositing seed
    • A01C7/208—Chassis; Coupling means to a tractor or the like; Lifting means; Side markers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a motor-driven single-grain ejection seeding device and a seeding method, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery.
  • Precision seeders are currently widely used agricultural machinery for large-scale planting in my country. Most of the domestic precision seeders are mechanical and finger-clamp types, and they are prone to missed seeding and lack of seed during high-speed operation. Many planter monitoring systems have been developed, which can monitor and alarm for failures such as missed seeding, lack of seed, etc. However, after the missed seeding occurs, the fault cannot be automatically eliminated, and it can only be replanted manually in the later stage. In order to solve the problem of reseeding, researchers began to install an auxiliary seed metering device on the planter, and when a lack of seed was detected, the auxiliary seeder would perform the reseeding operation.
  • the secondary seed metering device modified from the traditional form is installed behind the main seeding device and has a large volume. After the seeds are taken, the seeds are thrown into the seed guide tube and fall down by their own gravity. The operation efficiency is low, and it is difficult to deliver the seeds accurately in time. , It is difficult to meet the reseeding needs of the planter during high-speed operation. Therefore, it is very important to study the motor-driven single-grain ejection seeding device based on the seeder failure monitoring system to timely replant the seed when the machine misses the seeding to improve labor efficiency.
  • a pneumatic seeding planting device which is a planter itself.
  • This patent uses high-pressure gas to directly drive seeds into the soil.
  • the ground hardness and humidity are greatly affected, and the seeds are easily damaged;
  • Complicated shooting device with large size and many mechanical actions.
  • the seeds fall naturally into the shooting device by gravity, and it will not follow the seeds in time when planting at high speed. It does not have a monitoring device and cannot confirm the seeding situation. Missing sowing is easy to occur, and it is impossible to reseed after missing sowing.
  • a patent discloses an intelligent seeder leakage compensation system.
  • the patent uses high-pressure gas to send seeds out. Due to the irregular shape of the seeds, the gas is prone to air leakage, and the actual delivery effect is difficult to guarantee;
  • Using the high-pressure gas provided by the tractor gas tank requires complicated installation of external pipelines. In order to prevent insufficient air force from affecting the delivery effect, it is not suitable for multiple lines of frequent replanting operations.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a motor-driven single-grain ejection seeding device and seeding method, which can complete the striking and pneumatic ejection and reseed seed alternate actions at one time.
  • a motor-driven single-grain ejection seeding device includes: a housing, including a seed inlet and a seed outlet, which are divided into a power bin and a seed bin; a seed taking roller, which can be rotatably arranged on the shell and located in the seed bin , The surface has a seed-taking groove that can accommodate a single seed space; the seed brush is set on the wall of the seed bin; the seed metering mechanism is set in the power bin, including spring, percussion tube, piston and piston tube, both ends of the spring They are respectively arranged on the Hall sensor and the piston tube, the piston tube is connected to the piston, the piston and the piston tube are arranged in the percussion tube and can move along the axial direction of the percussion tube, and the percussion tube is connected to the wall of the power chamber through an elastic member; and the power mechanism , Set in the power compartment, including a control unit and a transmission unit.
  • the control unit includes a motor, a drive plate, a Hall sensor and a magnet.
  • the magnet is arranged on the percussion tube, and the Hall sensor is connected to the drive plate and arranged on the piston tube. In the limit position, within the effective magnetic field range of the magnet, the Hall sensor is connected with the drive board.
  • the drive board drives the motor according to the signal of the Hall sensor.
  • the motor drives the seeding mechanism and the seed roller through the transmission unit; among them, the power chamber and the seed chamber Both are connected to the seed outlet, and the central axis of the striking tube and the center axis of the piston tube are on the same straight line with the central axis of the seed outlet.
  • the transmission unit includes a transmission unit including a bevel gear set.
  • the driving gear of the bevel gear set is connected to the output end of the motor, and the output end of the driven gear is connected to the pinion I, and the pinion I meshes with a large Gear I, the output end of the large gear I is connected to the small gear II, the small gear II meshes with the large gear II, and the large gear II coaxially connects the driving wheel I and the driving wheel II.
  • the driving wheel I matches the rack structure at the end of the piston tube,
  • the driving wheel II is matched with the rack structure at the end of the beating tube.
  • the large gear II meshes with the small gear III, the small gear III meshes with the large gear III, the large gear III is coaxially connected with the driving wheel III, and the driving wheel III and the seed roller are mutually connected. Meshing.
  • the beating tube is connected to the housing through the guide rail slider unit, the beating tube is connected to the housing through a tension spring, and the hollow front end of the beating tube is installed with a rubber sleeve.
  • an elastic rubber sheet is provided at one end of the seed outlet close to the seed metering mechanism, and a seed guide hole is provided in the middle of the elastic rubber sheet, and the seed guide hole has a tapered structure.
  • the piston tube has a cavity, and a magnet is embedded in the cavity.
  • the elastic member is a tension spring.
  • the seed inlet is provided with a matching upper cover.
  • the drive board detects whether the Hall sensor has signal feedback to determine the initial action position. If there is no signal, the motor is controlled to rotate, and the motor drives the seed roller to rotate, and the seed falls into the seed groove of the seed roller and rotates through The seed brush removes the excess seeds, and at the same time the blow tube and the piston tube move backward, the piston and blow tube cavity inhale gas, and the obtained single seeds fall into the shell and wait for work;
  • the motor is controlled to continue to rotate, and the striking tube is separated from the transmission unit. After the striking tube loses its restraint, it pops up under the action of the tension spring. The air inhaled in the tube further increases. After the seed is seeded, the seed is half pushed into the seed guide hole of the elastic rubber sheet, and the seed guide hole under the action of the elastic force completely wraps the seed to form a hole that closely fits the seed. At this time, it is composed of the shell, the elastic rubber sheet, the seed, and the piston. Form a closed air cavity with the beating tube;
  • the mechanism of the present invention has beneficial effects: the seed picking roller cooperates with the seed brush to complete seed picking, and the seeding mechanism cooperates to complete the seed ejection, and can complete the strike and force ejection at one time to reseed the alternate action of seeding.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a motor-driven single-grain ejection seeding device of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a partial enlarged schematic diagram of the installation of the rubber sleeve and the elastic rubber sheet
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the transmission unit structure.
  • a motor-driven single-grain ejection seeding device includes a housing 6, a seed taking roller 9, a seed brush 8, a seed metering mechanism and a power mechanism.
  • the housing 6 includes a seed inlet and a seed outlet, which are divided into a power chamber A and a seed chamber B, and the seed inlet is provided with an upper cover 7 matched with it.
  • the seed taking roller 9 is rotatably arranged on the housing 6 and is located in the seed bin B.
  • the surface has a seed taking groove 901 that can accommodate a single seed space.
  • the seed brush 8 is arranged on the wall of the seed bin.
  • the seed metering mechanism is arranged in the power chamber A, including the spring 2, the striking tube 14, the piston 12 and the piston tube 15.
  • the two ends of the spring 2 are arranged in the Hall sensor 1, and the other end is arranged in the cavity of the piston tube 15.
  • the inner side is inlaid with a magnet 13
  • the outer side of the front end of the piston tube 15 is sleeved with a piston 12
  • the piston 12 and the piston tube 15 are arranged in the beating tube 14 and can move axially along the beating tube 14, and the beating tube is connected to the wall of the power chamber through an elastic member ,
  • the elastic piece is a tension spring 16.
  • the power mechanism is arranged in the power compartment and includes a control unit and a transmission unit.
  • the control unit includes a motor 4, a driving board 5, and a hall sensor 1.
  • the hall sensor 1 is connected to the driving board 5, and the driving board 5 is based on the signal of the hall sensor 1.
  • the motor 4 is driven to move, and the motor 4 drives the metering mechanism and the seed roller 9 to move through the transmission unit; wherein the power chamber A and the seed chamber B are connected to the seed outlet, and the central axis of the striking tube 14 and the central axis of the piston tube 15 are The central axis of the seed outlet is on the same straight line.
  • the transmission unit includes a bevel gear set.
  • the driving gear 17 of the bevel gear set is connected to the output end of the motor 4, the output end of the driven gear 18 is connected to the pinion I19, the pinion I19 meshes with the large gear I20, and the output end of the large gear I20 is connected to the pinion II21.
  • the small gear II21 meshes with the large gear II22, the large gear II22 coaxially connects the driving wheel I24 and the driving wheel II23, the driving wheel I24 is matched with the rack structure at the end of the piston tube 15, the driving wheel II23 and the rack at the end of the beating tube 14
  • the structure is matched, the large gear II22 meshes with the small gear III27, the small gear III27 meshes with the large gear III25, the large gear III25 is coaxially connected with a driving wheel III26, and the driving wheel III26 and the seed picking roller 9 mesh with each other.
  • the beating tube 14 is connected to the shell through the guide rail slider unit C, and the beating tube 14 is connected to the shell 6 through a tension spring.
  • the inner hollow of the beating tube 14 is equipped with a rubber sleeve 11 at the front end, which can prevent injuries after collision. kind.
  • the end of the seed outlet near the seeding mechanism is provided with an elastic rubber sheet 10, and the middle of the elastic rubber sheet 10 is provided with a seed guide hole.
  • the seed guide hole has a tapered structure.
  • the elastic rubber sheet 10 can prevent air leakage and improve the seed discharge effect .
  • the drive board 5 detects whether the Hall sensor has signal feedback to determine the initial action position. If there is no signal, the motor 4 is controlled to rotate, and the motor 4 drives the seed roller 9 to rotate, and the seed falls into the seed roller 9
  • the groove 901 rotates through the seed brush 8 to remove the excess seeds.
  • the hitting tube 14 and the piston tube 15 move backward, and the piston 12 and the hitting tube 14 suck air in the cavity, and the obtained single seeds fall into the shell Waiting for work in the body;
  • the motor is controlled to continue to rotate, the beating tube 14 is separated from the transmission unit, and the beating tube 14 is ejected under the action of the tension spring 16 after losing its restraint, and the air inhaled in the beating tube 14 further increases.
  • the rubber sleeve 11 at the front end of the beating tube 14 contacts the seed, the seed is half pushed into the seed guide hole of the elastic rubber sheet 10, and the seed guide hole completely wraps the seed under the action of the elastic force to form a hole closely fitting with the seed.
  • the casing 6, the elastic rubber sheet 10, the seeds, the piston 12, the rubber sleeve 11 and the striking tube 14 form a closed air cavity;

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

一种电机驱动式单粒弹射播种装置及使用该装置的补种方法，能够一次完成击打、气力弹射、补种后取种候补动作。该装置包括：壳体(6)，分为动力仓(A)和种仓(B)；取种辊(9)，表面有可容纳单粒种子空间的取种凹槽(901)；种刷(8)；排种机构，包括弹簧(2)、击打管(14)、活塞(12)和活塞管(15)，活塞(12)和活塞管(15)设置在击打管(14)内并能够沿击打管(14)轴向移动；动力机构，包括控制单元和传动单元，控制单元包括电机(4)、驱动板(5)、霍尔传感器(1)和磁铁(13)，磁铁(13)设置在击打管(14)上，霍尔传感器(1)与驱动板(5)连接电机(4)，经传动单元驱动排种机构和取种辊(9)动作；其中动力仓(A)和种仓(B)均与出种口相通，击打管(14)中心轴线及活塞管(15)的中心轴线与出种口中心轴线处于同一直线上。

Description

电机驱动式单粒弹射播种装置及播种方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种电机驱动式单粒弹射播种装置及播种方法，属于农业机械技术领域。
背景技术
精密播种机是目前我国大面积种植普遍使用的农业机械，国内的精密精播机大多以机械式和指夹式为主，高速作业时易出现漏播、缺种等现象，为此市场上以研发出许多播种机监控系统，可以实现漏播、缺种等故障的监控报警，但出现漏播后无法自动排除故障，只能依靠后期人工补种。为解决补种问题，科研人员开始在播种机上安装副排种器，当检测到缺种时由副排种器进行补种作业。然而，传统形式改造而来的副排种器安装在主排种器后方体积大，取种后将种子投入导种管内依靠自身重力滑落，作业效率较低，且难以及时精确的将种子投送出，难以满足播种机高速作业时的补种需要。因此研究基于播种机故障监测系统的电机驱动式单粒弹射播种装置在机器漏播时及时补种提高劳动效率有十分重要的意义。
在专利(201010011516.8)中公开了一种气动射种播种装置，它本身是一种播种机，该专利使用高压气体直接将种子打入泥土中受地面硬度湿度影响较大，易伤种；由于采用复杂的射中装置，尺寸较大，机械动作过程较多，种子依靠重力自然下落到射中装置中，高速播种时会出现跟种不及时的现象，本身不带有监测装置，无法确认播种情况易出现漏播,漏播后无法补种。
在专利(201310673557.7)中公开了一种智能播种机漏播补偿系统，该专利通过高压气体将种子送出，因种子形状不规则，气体作用其上的易出现漏气现象，实际输送效果难以保证；使用拖拉机储气罐提供的高压气体，需外接管路安装复杂，为防止气力不足影响输送效果，不适宜多行频繁补种作业。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供了一种电机驱动式单粒弹射播种装置及播种方法，能够一次完成击打、气力弹射补种后取种候补动作。
本发明为实现上述目的，通过以下技术方案实现：
一种电机驱动式单粒弹射播种装置，包括：壳体，包括入种口和出种口，分为动力仓和种仓；取种辊，可转动设置在壳体上，并位于种仓内，表面有可容纳单粒种子空间的取种凹槽；种刷，设置在种仓壁上；排种机构，设置在动力仓内，包括弹簧、击打管、活塞和活 塞管，弹簧两端分别设置在霍尔传感器和活塞管上，活塞管连接活塞，活塞和活塞管设置在击打管内并能够沿击打管轴向移动，击打管通过弹性件连接动力仓壁上；和动力机构，设置在动力仓内，包括控制单元和传动单元，控制单元包括电机、驱动板、霍尔传感器和磁铁，磁铁设置在击打管上，霍尔传感器与驱动板连接并设置在活塞管后移极限位置时磁铁的有效磁场范围内，霍尔传感器与驱动板连接，驱动板根据霍尔传感器的信号驱动电机运动，电机经传动单元驱动排种机构和取种辊动作；其中动力仓和种仓均与出种口相通，击打管中心轴线及活塞管的中心轴线与出种口中心轴线处于同一直线上。
所述电机驱动式单粒弹射播种装置优选方案，传动单元包括传动单元包括锥齿轮组，锥齿轮组的主动齿轮与电机输出端连接，从动齿轮输出端连接小齿轮I，小齿轮I啮合大齿轮I，大齿轮I输出端连接小齿轮II，小齿轮II啮合大齿轮II，大齿轮II同轴连接驱动轮I和驱动轮II，驱动轮I和与活塞管末端的齿条结构相配合，驱动轮II和击打管末端的齿条结构相配合，大齿轮II啮合小齿轮III，小齿轮III啮合大齿轮III，大齿轮III同轴连接有驱动轮III，驱动轮III与取种辊相互啮合。
所述电机驱动式单粒弹射播种装置优选方案，击打管通过导轨滑块单元与壳体连接，击打管通过拉簧与壳体连接，击打管内部为中空前端安装有橡胶套。
所述电机驱动式单粒弹射播种装置优选方案，出种口靠近排种机构的一端设有弹性橡胶片，弹性橡胶片中间设有导种孔，导种孔为锥形结构。
所述电机驱动式单粒弹射播种装置优选方案，活塞管具有空腔，空腔内镶嵌磁铁。
所述电机驱动式单粒弹射播种装置优选方案，：弹性件为拉簧。
所述电机驱动式单粒弹射播种装置优选方案，入种口上设有与其配合的上盖。
一种利用权利要求4所述电机驱动式单粒弹射播种装置进行补种的方法，
(1)将所述的电机驱动式单粒弹射播种装置安装在导种管种子检测传感器的上方；
(2)通电后驱动板检测霍尔传感器是否有信号反馈以确定初始动作位置，如没有信号则控制电机旋转，电机带动取种辊转动，种子落入取种辊的取种凹槽内旋转经过种刷将多余的种子刷除，与此同时击打管和活塞管后移，活塞与打击管空腔内吸入气体，取得的单粒种子落入壳体内等候作业；
(3)在发生漏播现象时控制电机继续旋转，击打管与传动单元脱离，击打管失去束缚后在拉簧的作用下弹出，管内吸入气体进一步增多，当击打管前端橡胶套接触种子后，种子被半推入弹性橡胶片的导种孔内，受弹力作用导种孔将种子完全包裹形成与种子紧密贴合的型 孔，此时由壳体、弹性橡胶片、种子、活塞和击打管形成密闭气腔；
(4)随着电机的转动活塞管脱离传动单元，活塞管失去弹性件的束缚在主弹簧作用下向前弹出，将空腔内气体排除使种子从出种口中弹射出；
(5)此后电机继续转动重复前一动作。
本发明机构有益效果：取种辊与种刷配合完成取种，排种机构配合完成种子弹射，能够一次完成击打、气力弹射补种后取种候补动作。
附图说明
附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与本发明的实施例一起用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的限制。
图1为本发明电机驱动式单粒弹射播种装置的结构示意图；
图2为橡胶套和弹性橡胶片安装局部放大示意图；
图3为传动单元结构示意图。
如图所示：1-霍尔传感器，2-主弹簧，3-齿轮组，4-电机，5-驱动板，6-壳体，7-上盖，8-种刷，9-取种辊，10-弹性橡胶片，11-橡胶套，12-活塞，13-磁铁，14-击打管，15-活塞管，16-拉簧，17-主动齿轮，18-从动齿轮，19-小齿轮I，20-大齿轮I，21-小齿轮II，22-大齿轮II，23-驱动轮II，24-驱动轮I，25-大齿轮III，26-驱动轮III，27-小齿轮III。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的优选实施例进行说明，应当理解，此处所描述的优选实施例仅用于说明和解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
一种电机驱动式单粒弹射播种装置，包括壳体6、取种辊9、种刷8、排种机构和动力机构。
壳体6包括入种口和出种口，分为动力仓A和种仓B，入种口上设有与其配合的上盖7。
取种辊9可转动设置在壳体6上，并位于种仓B内，表面有可容纳单粒种子空间的取种凹槽901。
种刷8设置在种仓壁上。
排种机构设置在动力仓A内，包括弹簧2、击打管14、活塞12和活塞管15弹簧2两端一端设置在霍尔传感器1，另一端设置在活塞管15的空腔，空腔内侧镶嵌磁铁13，活塞管15前端外侧套装有活塞12，活塞12和活塞管15设置在击打管14内并能够沿击打管 14轴向移动，击打管通过弹性件连接动力仓壁上,弹性件为拉簧16。
动力机构设置在动力仓内，包括控制单元和传动单元，控制单元包括电机4、驱动板5、霍尔传感器1，霍尔传感器1与驱动板5连接，驱动板5根据霍尔传感器1的信号驱动电机4运动，电机4经传动单元驱动排种机构和取种辊9动作；其中动力仓A和种仓B均与出种口相通，击打管14中心轴线及活塞管15的中心轴线与出种口中心轴线处于同一直线上。
传动单元包括锥齿轮组，锥齿轮组的主动齿轮17与电机4输出端连接，从动齿轮18输出端连接小齿轮I19，小齿轮I19啮合大齿轮I20，大齿轮I20输出端连接小齿轮II21，小齿轮II21啮合大齿轮II22，大齿轮II22同轴连接驱动轮I24和驱动轮II23，驱动轮I24和与活塞管15末端的齿条结构相配合，驱动轮II23和击打管14末端的齿条结构相配合，大齿轮II22啮合小齿轮III27，小齿轮III27啮合大齿轮III25，大齿轮III25同轴连接有驱动轮III26，驱动轮III26与取种辊9相互啮合。
击打管14通过导轨滑块单元C与壳体连接，击打管14通过拉簧与壳体6连接，击打管14内部为中空前端安装有橡胶套11，橡胶套11可以防止碰撞后伤种。
出种口靠近排种机构的一端设有弹性橡胶片10，弹性橡胶片10中间设有导种孔，导种孔为锥形结构，弹性橡胶片10的设置可以防止漏气，提高种子排出效果。
一种利用权利要求所述电机驱动式单粒弹射播种装置进行补种的方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将所述的电机驱动式单粒弹射播种装置安装在导种管种子检测传感器的上方；
(2)通电后驱动板5检测霍尔传感器是否有信号反馈以确定初始动作位置，如没有信号则控制电机4旋转，电机4带动取种辊9转动，种子落入取种辊9的取种凹槽901内旋转经过种刷8将多余的种子刷除，与此同时击打管14和活塞管15后移，活塞12与打击管14空腔内吸入气体，取得的单粒种子落入壳体内等候作业；
(3)在发生漏播现象时控制电机继续旋转，击打管14与传动单元脱离，击打管14失去束缚后在拉簧16的作用下弹出，击打管14内吸入气体进一步增多，当击打管14前端橡胶套11接触种子后，种子被半推入弹性橡胶片10的导种孔内，受弹力作用导种孔将种子完全包裹形成与种子紧密贴合的型孔，此时由壳体6、弹性橡胶片10、种子、活塞12、橡胶套11和击打管14形成密闭气腔；
(4)随着电机4的转动活塞管15齿条脱离驱动轮I24的最后一齿，活塞管15失去束缚在 主弹簧2作用下向前弹出，将空腔内气体排除使种子从装置中弹射出，此后电机4继续转动重复前一动作直至霍尔传感器感应1到活塞管15内磁铁13停止动作。
最后应说明的是：以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种电机驱动式单粒弹射播种装置，其特征在于，包括：
    壳体(6)，包括入种口和出种口，分为动力仓和种仓；
    取种辊(9)，可转动设置在壳体(6)上，并位于种仓内，表面有可容纳单粒种子空间的取种凹槽；
    种刷(8)，设置在种仓壁上；
    排种机构，设置在动力仓内，包括弹簧(2)、击打管(14)、活塞(12)和活塞管(15)，弹簧(2)两端分别设置在霍尔传感器(1)和活塞管(15)上，活塞管(15)连接活塞(12)，活塞(12)和活塞管(15)设置在击打管(14)内并能够沿击打管(14)轴向移动，击打管通过弹性件连接动力仓壁上；和
    动力机构，设置在动力仓内，包括控制单元和传动单元，控制单元包括电机(4)、驱动板(5)、霍尔传感器(1)和磁铁(13)，磁铁(13)设置在击打管(14)上，霍尔传感器(1)与驱动板(5)连接并设置在活塞管后移极限位置时磁铁的有效磁场范围内，驱动板(5)根据霍尔传感器(1)的信号驱动电机(4)运动，电机(4)经传动单元驱动排种机构和取种辊(9)动作；
    其中动力仓和种仓均与出种口相通，击打管(14)中心轴线及活塞管(15)的中心轴线与出种口中心轴线处于同一直线上。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述电机驱动式单粒弹射播种装置，其特征在于：传动单元包括传动单元包括锥齿轮组，锥齿轮组的主动齿轮(17)与电机(4)输出端连接，从动齿轮(18)输出端连接小齿轮I(19)，小齿轮I(19)啮合大齿轮I(20)，大齿轮I(20)输出端连接小齿轮II(21)，小齿轮II(21)啮合大齿轮II(22)，大齿轮II(22)同轴连接驱动轮I(24)和驱动轮II(23)，驱动轮I(24)和与活塞管(15)末端的齿条结构相配合，驱动轮II(23)和击打管(14)末端的齿条结构相配合，大齿轮II(22)啮合小齿轮III(27)，小齿轮III(27)啮合大齿轮III(25)，大齿轮III(25)同轴连接有驱动轮III(26)，驱动轮III(26)与取种辊(9)相互啮合。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述电机驱动式单粒弹射播种装置，其特征在于：击打管(14)通过导轨滑块单元与壳体连接，击打管(14)通过拉簧与壳体(6)连接，击打管(14)内部为中空前端安装有橡胶套(11)。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2或3所述电机驱动式单粒弹射播种装置，其特征在于：出种口靠近排种机构的一端设有弹性橡胶片(10)，弹性橡胶片(10)中间设有导种孔，导种孔为锥形结构。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述电机驱动式单粒弹射播种装置，其特征在于：活塞管(15)具有空腔，空腔内镶嵌磁铁(13)。
  6. 根据权利要求1或2或3所述电机驱动式单粒弹射播种装置，其特征在于：弹性件为拉簧(16)。
  7. 根据权利要求1或2或3所述电机驱动式单粒弹射播种装置，其特征在于：入种口上设有与其配合的上盖。
  8. 一种利用权利要求4所述电机驱动式单粒弹射播种装置进行补种的方法，其特征在于：
    (1)将所述的电机驱动式单粒弹射播种装置安装在导种管种子检测传感器的上方；
    (2)通电后驱动板检测霍尔传感器是否有信号反馈以确定初始动作位置，如没有信号则控制电机旋转，电机带动取种辊转动，种子落入取种辊的取种凹槽内旋转经过种刷将多余的种子刷除，与此同时击打管和活塞管后移，活塞与打击管空腔内吸入气体，取得的单粒种子落入壳体内等候作业；
    (3)在发生漏播现象时控制电机继续旋转，击打管与传动单元脱离，击打管失去束缚后在拉簧的作用下弹出，管内吸入气体进一步增多，当击打管前端橡胶套接触种子后，种子被半推入弹性橡胶片的导种孔内，受弹力作用导种孔将种子完全包裹形成与种子紧密贴合的型孔，此时由壳体、弹性橡胶片、种子、活塞和击打管形成密闭气腔；
    (4)随着电机的转动活塞管脱离传动单元，活塞管失去弹性件的束缚在主弹簧作用下向前弹出，将空腔内气体排除使种子从出种口中弹射出；
    (5)此后电机继续转动重复前一动作。
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