WO2020175882A1 - 허브 타입 구동장치 및 이를 이용한 전기자전거 - Google Patents

허브 타입 구동장치 및 이를 이용한 전기자전거 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020175882A1
WO2020175882A1 PCT/KR2020/002682 KR2020002682W WO2020175882A1 WO 2020175882 A1 WO2020175882 A1 WO 2020175882A1 KR 2020002682 W KR2020002682 W KR 2020002682W WO 2020175882 A1 WO2020175882 A1 WO 2020175882A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
stator
housing
rotor
teeth
hub
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/KR2020/002682
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
이정훈
Original Assignee
주식회사 아모텍
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 주식회사 아모텍 filed Critical 주식회사 아모텍
Priority to US17/433,487 priority Critical patent/US20220135179A1/en
Priority to CN202080017098.5A priority patent/CN113474246B/zh
Publication of WO2020175882A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020175882A1/ko

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M6/00—Rider propulsion of wheeled vehicles with additional source of power, e.g. combustion engine or electric motor
    • B62M6/40—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor
    • B62M6/60—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor power-driven at axle parts
    • B62M6/65—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor power-driven at axle parts with axle and driving shaft arranged coaxially
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62J—CYCLE SADDLES OR SEATS; AUXILIARY DEVICES OR ACCESSORIES SPECIALLY ADAPTED TO CYCLES AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. ARTICLE CARRIERS OR CYCLE PROTECTORS
    • B62J45/00—Electrical equipment arrangements specially adapted for use as accessories on cycles, not otherwise provided for
    • B62J45/40—Sensor arrangements; Mounting thereof
    • B62J45/41—Sensor arrangements; Mounting thereof characterised by the type of sensor
    • B62J45/413—Rotation sensors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62J—CYCLE SADDLES OR SEATS; AUXILIARY DEVICES OR ACCESSORIES SPECIALLY ADAPTED TO CYCLES AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. ARTICLE CARRIERS OR CYCLE PROTECTORS
    • B62J45/00—Electrical equipment arrangements specially adapted for use as accessories on cycles, not otherwise provided for
    • B62J45/40—Sensor arrangements; Mounting thereof
    • B62J45/42—Sensor arrangements; Mounting thereof characterised by mounting
    • B62J45/423—Sensor arrangements; Mounting thereof characterised by mounting on or besides the wheel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M11/00—Transmissions characterised by the use of interengaging toothed wheels or frictionally-engaging wheels
    • B62M11/04—Transmissions characterised by the use of interengaging toothed wheels or frictionally-engaging wheels of changeable ratio
    • B62M11/14—Transmissions characterised by the use of interengaging toothed wheels or frictionally-engaging wheels of changeable ratio with planetary gears
    • B62M11/16—Transmissions characterised by the use of interengaging toothed wheels or frictionally-engaging wheels of changeable ratio with planetary gears built in, or adjacent to, the ground-wheel hub
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M6/00—Rider propulsion of wheeled vehicles with additional source of power, e.g. combustion engine or electric motor
    • B62M6/40—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor
    • B62M6/45—Control or actuating devices therefor
    • B62M6/50—Control or actuating devices therefor characterised by detectors or sensors, or arrangement thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D41/00—Freewheels or freewheel clutches
    • F16D41/06—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with intermediate wedging coupling members between an inner and an outer surface
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/22—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating around the armatures, e.g. flywheel magnetos
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • H02K7/116—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with gears
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/14—Structural association with mechanical loads, e.g. with hand-held machine tools or fans

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to electric bicycles, and in detail, the throttle method, the PAS (Pedal Assist System) method, and the hub type driving device applicable to the electric bicycle of the throttle and PAS combination method, and the electric bicycle using the same. It's about. Background
  • Electric bicycles are used on the wheel hub or crankshaft of general bicycles.
  • Equipped with a DC motor and function to assist power it enables comfortable driving on level and uphill roads.
  • Pedal Assist System A bicycle that moves with the simultaneous power of an electric bicycle pedal and an electric motor.
  • Throttle/PAS Electric bicycle throttle and PAS driving method
  • Throttle type electric bicycles can control the speed of the bicycle from low to high speed by controlling the rotational power of the motor by operating an accelerator.
  • the driving method by this accelerator is called a scooter type. .
  • PAS Pedal Assist System
  • PAS Proxal Assist System
  • the torque sensor is the torque calculated by measuring the foot force exerted by the bicycle driver on the pedal. It plays a role of providing information to the electric bike controller, and as the power applied to the pedal increases, the output of the motor also increases.Therefore, the DC motor output of the electric bike can be actively controlled by adjusting the power applied by the driver to the pedal.
  • the hub-type motor with the motor inside the hub is similar to the general motor.
  • the hub-type motor which has both a transmission and a motor built into the hub, is being developed only recently.
  • a shift method applicable to a hub-embedded transmission of electric bicycles and general bicycles by solving the problem that the load is generated in the transmission and not being converted to the selected gear stage is disclosed in Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2010-0135488 (Patent Document 1). No.
  • a shifting method for both motor and pedaling to shift is disclosed.
  • Patent Document 1 controls the input power of the motor and pedal through a transmission device.
  • Patent Document 1 [15]
  • the transmission of Patent Document 1 is complicated by three-speed shifting.
  • the method is equipped with three to five levels of modes and provides appropriate power for each mode according to the road driving environment.
  • a total of five stages of the pedal assist system show include, for example, an eco mode for long-distance support starting from an off mode that completely blocks the support of the motor, a tour mode supporting uniform assist, and a sports mode with relatively powerful power. , And can be configured in a turbo mode that supports the greatest power.
  • the anti-corrosion drive system applies the power of a single motor to the planetary gear set of the sun gear input, carrier fixing, and ring gear output, and the torque-shifted output from the ring gear with a fixed ratio is applied.
  • the ring gear When output is generated to the ring gear through the ring gear, the ring gear is directly coupled to the drive unit housing, and a clutch made of a one-way bearing is inserted into the carrier.
  • the present invention was devised in consideration of these conventional problems.
  • the purpose of this invention is that the ring gear and the housing are separated, and the ring gear bracket and the clutch fixing part protruding from the housing are connected by a clutch made of a one-way bearing.
  • the purpose is to provide a hub-type driving device and an electric bicycle using it that can cut off the transmission of the ring gear output to the housing only when the motor is operating and the ring gear output to the housing when the electric motor stops.
  • Another purpose of the present invention is a hub-type driving device capable of minimizing the occurrence of noise or damage to the gear by blocking the rotation of the ring gear when the housing is rotated by the bicycle running in the motor stop state, and an electric bicycle using the same. It is to provide. It is to provide a hub-type driving device with fixed-ratio shifting and an electric bicycle using the same.
  • Another purpose of the present invention is a hub-type driving device capable of winding a three-phase coil on a tooth of an integrated stator core by a three-wire method, so that the coil winding can be performed without any connection between the coils as all coil windings are continuous at once. It is to provide.
  • Another objective of the present invention is to
  • a hub-type driving device for an electric bicycle has a housing having an accommodation space inside; a support shaft that passes through the housing and has both ends fixedly installed on a fork branched from the frame of the electric bicycle. ; First and second bearings that are installed between the two sides of the housing through which the support shaft passes and the support bamboo, and support the housing to be rotatable around the support bamboo; It is built into the housing and generates rotational power that rotates around the support shaft.
  • An electric motor a transmission for reducing the rotational power of the electric motor; and a clutch that selectively transmits the output of the transmission to the housing; and the transmission is a planetary gear device of the sun gear input, carrier fixing, ring gear output method.
  • the ring gear is connected to the clutch through the other end of the ring gear bracket connected to the ring gear at one end, and the clutch has an outer ring supported on the other end of the ring gear bracket, and the inner ring is
  • It is characterized in that it is formed of a one-way bearing supported by the clutch protruding from the housing and supported by the top.
  • This hub-type driving device for electric bicycles is the ring gear and the ring gear bracket.
  • the clutch can block the transmission of the output of the ring gear bracket to the housing when the electric motor is operated, and the transmission of the forward rotational power of the housing to the ring gear bracket when the electric motor is stopped.
  • the above electric motor is an outer rotor type BLDC (Brushless DC) motor.
  • the output of the rotor is transmitted to the sun gear of the planetary gear device through the rotor bracket, the sun gear is rotatably supported on the support shaft, and the carrier can be fixed to the support shaft.
  • the planetary gear device comprises: a sun gear connected to the rotor of the electric motor;
  • a plurality of planetary gears that are gear-coupled to the outer circumference of the sun gear and rotate; a carrier supporting the plurality of planetary gears so as to be rotatable; a ring gear in which the plurality of planetary gears are in contact; and one end is connected to the outer circumference of the ring gear ,
  • a ring gear bracket having the other end connected to the clutch, wherein the sun gear is rotatably supported on a support shaft, and the carrier may be fixed to the support shaft.
  • the housing is formed in a cup shape so as to have a receiving space therein;
  • the outer peripheral portion is a cover coupled to the opening of the wheel
  • the clutch portion is formed of a cylindrical portion protruding into the receiving space of the wheel
  • the inner ring of the one-way bearing is supported on the outer peripheral portion of the clutch portion
  • the A second bearing can be fitted between the inner periphery of the clutch fixing part and the support shaft.
  • the first and second bearings are installed inside each through hole formed in the center of the wheel and the cover, respectively, and between the first and second bearings and the support shaft, respectively.
  • For 0-rings can be installed.
  • the electric motor is installed on the crankshaft and a torque sensor to detect the foot force applied to the pedal; to the housing.
  • a housing sensing magnet installed and used to detect the driving speed of an electric bicycle; It is installed on the stator of the electric motor and rotates the housing sensing magnet that rotates together with the housing.
  • a Hall sensor assembly having a Hall sensor that detects and generates a driving speed detection signal; And a system controller that controls the system of the electric bicycle according to the user's selection, wherein the system controller is based on the driving speed detection signal.
  • the motor can be controlled so that the calculated running speed does not exceed a preset speed.
  • the electric motor is a rotor in which a back yoke and a magnet are laminated on the outer ring of the rotor bracket; and the outer periphery faces the magnet and the air gap of the rotor, and the central part is coupled to the outer periphery of the support shaft and is fixed, and rotates on the rotor.
  • the inner ring of the rotor bracket may be connected to an extension extending from the sun gear.
  • the hub-type driving device for electric bicycles may further include third and fourth bearings that rotatably support the rotor bracket and the sun gear around the support head between the inner peripheral part of the extension part and the support head. .
  • the stator is a multiple tooth bag radially extended on the outer periphery of the annular yoke.
  • Stator core Insulation film surrounding the four sides of a plurality of teeth, excluding the outer peripheral surface facing the magnet of the rotor; An annular body and a plurality of extensions extending radially from the annular body to correspond to the plurality of teeth and annular yokes, respectively And the first and second stators assembled on one side and the other side of the stator core
  • stator assembly bracket in which an outer ring is coupled to an inner peripheral portion of the stator core and an inner ring connected through a plurality of bridges is coupled to the support shaft;
  • stator core and the stator assembly bracket may be integrated.
  • the stator includes a three-phase (11,) stator coil wound on a plurality of teeth, and each of the three-phase (11,) stator coils has a plurality of core groups continuously wound on three teeth.
  • the core groups of each phase are connected in parallel and can be alternately arranged for each phase.
  • the above electric motor has a 20 pole single rotor and 18 slots
  • stator It is composed of a stator, and the stator is wound on a plurality of teeth.
  • each of the above three-phase (11,) stator coils includes a plurality of core groups that are continuously wound on three teeth, and each of the above core groups is composed of three consecutive teeth in the forward, reverse and forward directions. Magnetic flux is generated in opposite directions to rotate the magnets of the rotor disposed in the same direction, and the adjacent two consecutive 6 teeth are wound in sequence.
  • the drive signal is applied in this manner, the successive six teeth of the two phases are set to the active state, and the remaining teeth are placed between the successive six teeth.
  • Three consecutive teeth on one phase can be set to inactive.
  • the electric motor is composed of a 20-pole single rotor and a single stator of an 18-slot structure, and the stator includes a three-phase (U, V, W) stator coil wound around 18 teeth.
  • the stator includes a three-phase (U, V, W) stator coil wound around 18 teeth.
  • each of the three-phase (U,V,W) stator coils includes six core groups continuously wound on three teeth, and the three-phase (U,V,W) stator coil wound on the 18 teeth is The winding is completed with one continuous winding, the inputs of each core group are connected in common, and the output of each core group can be wound so that it is connected to the Neutral Point.
  • the electric bicycle is a frame; a front wheel connected to one end of the frame; a rear wheel connected to the other end of the frame; and installed on one hub of the front wheel and the rear wheel to provide rotational driving force to the bachwi. It may include a hub type driving device to provide.
  • the hub-type driving device of the present invention can be applied to electric bicycles of the throttle method, the PAS (Pedal Assist System) method, and the throttle and PAS combination method. Effects of the Invention
  • the ring gear and the housing are separated, and the clutch protruding from the ring gear bracket and the housing is connected, and the ring gear is operated only when the electric motor is operated by connecting the clutch with a one-way bearing. It can cut off the transmission of the output to the housing and the transmission of the rotating power of the housing to the ring gear when the electric motor stops.
  • the rotation of the ring gear can be blocked even when the user pedals in the motor stop state and the bicycle moves in the forward direction, that is, the housing and rotates in the forward direction, resulting in damage to the gear or noise. It can be minimized to occur.
  • the driving device of the present invention is a throttle method, a PAS method, and
  • the present invention reduces the resistance and copper loss by minimizing the resistance of the coil by connecting it in parallel between each core group when winding the coil in a three-wire method, thereby lowering the coil temperature and increasing the efficiency. 2 wires of fine diameter
  • High-speed RPM can be achieved by securing the number of turns with the winding method.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic front view showing an electric bicycle in which a hub-type driving device for an electric bicycle according to the present invention is applied to a rear wheel.
  • FIG. 3 ⁇ 4 are the front view and left perspective view of the electric bicycle hub type driving device according to the respective invention.
  • FIG. 51 and Figures are a cross-sectional view in the axial direction of a hub-type driving device for electric bicycles, respectively, according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional perspective view cut along the axial direction of the electric bicycle hub-type driving device according to the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a partial disassembly of the electric bicycle hub-type driving device according to the present invention
  • Figure 6 is a complete disassembly of the electric bicycle hub-type driving device according to the present invention
  • FIG. 55 A perspective view of a driving device housing of a hub-type driving device for an electric bicycle according to the present invention.
  • Fig.% is a left side view, a cross-sectional view, and a cross-sectional view in the diameter direction each showing the electric motor according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 11 (1 is an explanatory diagram explaining a method of winding a three-phase coil to a stator core according to the present invention in a three-wire method, an equivalent circuit diagram of a three-phase stator coil wound according to the winding method of Fig. 1, and Fig. It is an explanatory diagram showing a coil connection diagram in which a three-phase coil is wound on the shown stator core by a three-wire method, and a circuit diagram showing the coil connection diagram and a motor drive circuit of the three-phase stator coil shown in Fig. 11 (1).
  • a hub-type driving device 100 is installed on the hub of the rear wheel 220.
  • the electric bicycle 200 according to the present invention is similar to the general bicycle, with the front wheel 210 and
  • the rear wheel 220 is connected to the basic diamond frame 230, and when used as a normal bicycle, the rear wheel 220 with the freewheel 260 installed is a chain connected between the standby gear 250 and the freewheel 260 ( It can be driven by the foot force applied to the pedal 240 through 270.
  • the support shaft (1) of the drive device (100) has both ends connected to a fork (232) branched from the frame (230), and the hub of the rear wheel (220) is a hub-type drive device (100) according to the present invention.
  • the freewheel 260 can be installed on the outer side of the cover 3 or the wheel 2 forming the housing 30 of the drive device 100, which will be described later, except for the freewheel 260.
  • multi-stage sprockets can be installed allowing gear ratio changes to be made.
  • the crankshaft 252 of the crank forming the atmospheric gear 250 may be provided with a torque sensor for measuring a foot force according to the user's pedaling.
  • the panel 284 can select switches such as a mode selection switch for changing the driving mode by a touch method, and a light turn-on/turn-off switch, and includes a display unit that displays the driving speed and the selected mode.
  • switches such as a mode selection switch for changing the driving mode by a touch method, and a light turn-on/turn-off switch, and includes a display unit that displays the driving speed and the selected mode.
  • a system controller 290 for controlling the driving device 100 according to the user's operation and selection from the operation panel 284 is connected through a cable 292.
  • the driving device 100 is an electric motor equipped with a large housing 30, a support shaft ( 8 1) (1), the first to fourth bearings (6& ⁇ 6(1), a rotor 50 and a stator 40). (110), transmission (120) and clutch (5) are included.
  • the electric bicycle hub-type driving device 100 as shown in Fig. 1, does not rotate the support shaft ( 8 1 3 ⁇ 4) (1) and the support shaft ( 8 1 ⁇ (1)) Both ends
  • the assembly power is transmitted to the transmission 120, which can be formed as a planetary gear, to reduce the high-speed rotational speed of the motor to a low speed, and after the torque conversion is performed, it is transmitted to the housing (30), i.e., the wheel, and the housing (30).
  • the transmission 120 is a speed reducer that reduces the high-speed rotational speed of the electric motor 110 to a low speed and converts the low torque output into a high torque output.
  • the housing (30) of the upper drive system (100) serving as a hub is installed in the center of the rear wheel (220), and a wheel (2) consisting of a cup shape with one side open (2) ) And a circular cover (3) which is sealed to the opening of the wheel (2) and the cover (3) can be made of light weight and strength metal, for example aluminum alloy. 2020/175882 1»(:1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2020/002682 A through hole through which the support shaft (1) passes is formed in its center.
  • Each bearing housing is formed inside the through hole of the cover (3) and wheel (2)
  • the first and second bearings (6 6 ratios) are installed so that the housing 30 is rotatably supported around the support frame 1.
  • the first bearing (the central part of the six-sided cover (3) protrudes outward to form the brake device installation bracket (35), the bearing housing is formed on the inner wall, and the clutch protrudes from the inner wall of the wheel (2)
  • Fixed part (2 is a one-way part
  • the wheel (2) has a pair of flanges (3 ⁇ 42) on both sides of the outer periphery of the cup shape.
  • a plurality of spoke spokes 226 connected to the rim 224 on which the tire 222 is mounted as shown in FIG. 1 are formed in the flange portions (3 ⁇ 4, 2).
  • a concave groove is formed in the outer circumference of the cover (3), and the concave groove is for sealing coupling between the opening of the wheel (2) and the outer circumference of the cover (3).
  • each sealing 0-ring (23 ⁇ 23) is inserted, and between the first and second bearings (6 6) and the bearing housing formed on the inner wall of the wheel (2). Sealing 0-ring (23 ( 1,23 ⁇ are inserted.
  • a cable passage 27 through which a cable 292 for transmitting a drive signal passes is formed.
  • the brake device mounting bracket 35 is protruded and formed integrally with the cover 3, and a disc brake may be installed on the bracket 35, for example.
  • the brake device mounting bracket 35 is formed integrally with the outer surface of the cover 3, but it is also possible to be formed on the outer surface of the wheel 2.
  • the hub-type driving device 100 for an electric bicycle includes an electric motor 0 serving as a power source that generates rotational force inside the housing 30, and the electric motor 110 is, for example, ,It is an outer rotor type in which a single rotor 50 is placed on the outside of the single stator 40, and the radial air wrap type ((1 1 gap ) ⁇ )
  • the electric motor 0 is a radial air gap type single
  • Stator-double rotor, double stator-double rotor structure Stator-double rotor, double stator-double rotor structure.
  • the electric motor 110 can be driven by, for example, a three-phase electric wave drive method, and the rotation position of the rotor can be detected by a magnetoelectric conversion element such as a hole (13 ⁇ 411) element.
  • the stator (40) uses the outer peripheral edge (1 ⁇ )(25) of the central support shaft (1).
  • the rotor 50 is rotated by applying a rotating magnetic field to the rotor 50 according to the motor driving signal applied from the motor driving circuit based on the detection of the rotational position of the rotor and is fixed by a key combination method.
  • the main magnet 12 is laminated inside the cylindrical back yoke 13, and the cylindrical back yoke 13 is supported inside the rotor bracket 14.
  • the main magnet 12 may be composed of a plurality of split magnets in which N poles and three poles are alternately arranged, or a cylindrical magnet with split magnets may be used.
  • the rotor bracket (14) is an outer ring supporting the cylindrical back yoke (13) (14 ⁇ ,
  • the rotor (50) is separated from the inside of the wheel (2) of the outer circumferential housing (30) at a predetermined distance.
  • the output of the rotor 50 is transmitted to the sun gear 10 of the transmission 120 through the rotor bracket 14, i.e., the inner ring 14 of the rotor bracket 14 and the extension of the overhead gear 10 (
  • the rotor 50 and the sun gear 10 rotate together around the support shaft 1 as they are connected to each other by fastening a plurality of fixing bolts 21 between the 10 grooves.
  • the extension part of the sun gear 10 (10 ⁇ is formed to have a structure bent in three stages from the sun gear 10 as shown in the figure, and the second stage surrounding the support shaft 1)
  • Bending part (the inside of the 10 ratio serves as a bearing housing, and the 3rd and 4th bearings ( ⁇ , 6(1) are installed on the inner periphery, and the rotor 50 and the sun gear 10 are centered on the support shaft 1).
  • the 3rd bearing (6th and 4th bearing (6(1)) is inserted between the 3rd and 4th bearings (6 6(1), which serves as a spacer).
  • the spacer ring (28) can be omitted.
  • the bent part (10) has a main so as to detect the rotational position of the rotor (50).
  • the magnet 11 is installed. Therefore, the rotor sensing magnet 11 rotates at the same time when the rotor 50 rotates.
  • stator assembly bracket (17) facing the rotor sensing magnet (11) has a plurality of components so that the rotation position of the rotor can be detected when the rotor (50) rotates.
  • the sensor is spaced apart and the printed circuit board (1 Hall sensor assembly (26) mounted on the Installed.
  • the stator 40 has an inner peripheral portion fixedly installed on the support shaft 1.
  • stator 40 As shown in Fig. W, the stator 40 according to an embodiment of the present invention,
  • Stator core (15), stator insulating film (16), first and second stators
  • Insulators (16a, 16b), stator assembly brackets (17) and stator coils (18) are included.
  • stator core (15) and the stator assembly bracket (17) are shown in Figs. 9a to 9c.
  • it may be configured as a separate type or as an integrated type.
  • the stator core 15 has a plurality of teeth (that is, the coil
  • Winding part (15b) It has a structure extending in the radial direction from the garring-shaped yoke (body) (15a).
  • Insulation film (16) instead of the first and second stator insulators (16a, 16b), insert molding with a thermosetting resin for insulation, bulk molding compound (BMC) molding material such as polyester, or a thermoplastic resin, and bobbin and stator support
  • BMC bulk molding compound
  • the teeth 15b of the stator core 15 are integrated with the bobbin defining the area in which the stator coil 18 is wound, excluding the portion facing the main magnet 12 of the rotor.
  • BMC bulk molding compound
  • the coil 18 may have a wound structure.
  • the stator insulating film 16 and the first and second stator insulators 16a and 16b play the same role as the insulating bobbin of the stator and the stator support.
  • stator insulating film 16 When the stator insulating film 16 is assembled to the stator core 15, it can be made of a thin film insulating film formed in the shape of a substantially rectangular cylinder so as to surround four sides excluding the outer peripheral surface facing the main magnet 11 of the rotor. , When the coil (18) is wound around the tooth (15b), it maintains the insulation state.
  • the first and second stator insulators 16a and 16b cover the plurality of teeth 15b and the annular yoke 15a from one side and the other side when the coil 18 is wound around the teeth 15b.
  • the first and second stator insulators (16a, 16b) are assembled on both sides of 15), and are fixed to the stator (15b) when the coil (18) is wound around the teeth (15b).
  • the first and second stator insulators (16a, 16b) each have a plurality of teeth (15b) and an annular shape
  • It includes an annular body and a plurality of extension protrusions extending radially from the annular body to correspond to the yoke 15a.
  • first stator insulator 16a has an annular extension part extending in the inner direction of the annular body. Further, the first stator insulator 16a has When connecting the 3-phase (U,V,W) coil (18) in the star connection (i.e., Y-connection) method, the common terminal for forming the neutral point is insert-molded and has three common The terminal terminal can protrude to the top of the first stator insulator 16a.
  • Terminal terminals (UT, WT, VT) can be placed at intervals.
  • the U-phase, W-phase and V-phase terminal terminals can be internally connected to one of the three bus bar fixing nuts and the first stator insulator 16a, respectively.
  • Each bus bar bolt is fastened to the three bus bar fixing nuts. Therefore, the three-phase (U, V, W) output of the inverter circuit 150 is transferred from the outside of the housing 30 to the cable 292. ) Through the U-phase, as it is connected to the three bus bar bolts.
  • W-phase and V-phase terminal terminals (1117 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 1 can be connected stably.
  • the wire wound around the teeth to form the stator coil 18 is, for example, a polyurethane enameled wire coated with a sulyurethane on the outer periphery, or a polyesterimide enameled wire coated with a sulyesterimide (EIW). Wire) Enamel wire can be used.
  • the stator 40 has three wires that transmit a three-phase (U, V, W) driving signal required for motor drive from the outside of the housing 30, and are built into one cable to the inside of the housing 30. After being introduced, it can be connected with the three-phase (U,V,W) stator coil 18, respectively.
  • the drive device 100 according to the present invention is instead of the integrated stator core 15
  • stator coil 18 After winding the three-phase (U, V, W) stator coil 18 using a plurality of split cores, it can be configured in a split core method in which the stator support is formed at the same time while being integrated into an annular shape using a molding resin.
  • stator 40 as in the embodiment shown in Fig. W, and the stator core 15
  • stator assembly bracket (17) has a separate structure, after assembling the stator insulating film (16) task! And the second stator insulator (16a, 16b) on the stator core (15), the three-phase ( U, V, W) can be assembled by fitting the stator assembly bracket 17 while the stator coil 18 is wound. That is, as shown in Fig. 9c, the stator assembly bracket 17 is coupled to the outer periphery of the stator assembly bracket 17.
  • the groove (17g) is formed parallel to the axial direction, and the inner peripheral portion of the stator core (15) is in the coupling groove (17g).
  • the coupling protrusion 15c is formed parallel to the axial direction so as to be coupled.
  • the stator assembly bracket (17) may be made of a metal material, and the outer ring (17c) and the inner ring (boss) (17a) may have a structure in which a plurality of bridges (17b) are connected.
  • the stator assembly bracket (17) is for example ,Aluminum alloy is used in this casting method. 2020/175882 1»(:1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2020/002682 It can be manufactured or molded by the powder metallurgy method using tungsten material.
  • the magnet 11 is arranged.
  • the inner ring (boss) (17) protrudes toward the cover (3) to secure a large contact area when coupled with the support shaft (1).
  • the stator assembly bracket (17) serves as a connecting part for fixing the stator (40) to the support shaft (1). To this end, the through hole (17 ⁇ ) located in the center of the stator assembly bracket (17) is supported. A key coupling groove (17:0) is formed on the outer periphery of the shaft (1) so that it can be joined by a key coupling method using a key (1 ⁇ )(25).
  • stator assembly bracket (17) is fixed to the support shaft (1) using a key (25) as shown in the inner ring (boss) (17 ⁇ is also attached to the support shaft (1) by a spline coupling method. Can be tightly coupled.
  • stator 40 may use an integrated core frame in which the stator core 15 and the stator assembly bracket 17 are integrated, and may be formed by laminating a plurality of thin silicon steel sheets.
  • the frame is an annular yoke (a plurality of teeth on the outer periphery of 15 ⁇ (15 non-bag radially extended, annular yoke (inner ring (boss)) that is combined with the support shaft (1) on the inner side of 15 ⁇ ) (17 two or more bridges (17 ratio) It can have a structure connected through it.
  • the electric bicycle hub-type driving device 100 is, for example, an electric motor 110 having a structure consisting of a 20 pole single rotor 50 and a single stator 40 having a structure of 18 slots.
  • the stator 40 is a three-phase (11,) stator coil (18) is wound around the teeth (15 ratio) of the stator core (15), and a motor drive circuit installed outside or inside the housing (30). From the three-phase (11,) stator coil (18), for example, it can be transmitted through a cable to apply a drive signal in a six-step (mer control method).
  • the rotor sensing magnet (11) rotates at the same time as the rotor (50) and has the same polarity as the main magnet (12) of the rotor (50) and has a magnet structure in which 20 poles are divided and magnetized, and the main magnet ( 12) Magnets of the same polarity are arranged at the same rotation angle.
  • the rotor position detection element that detects the position signal of the rotor is a three-phase drive method, for example 2020/175882 1»(:1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ For 2020/002682, 2 or 3 hole (13 ⁇ 411) devices can be used.
  • Hall sensor assembly 26 is a printed circuit board (1(Pie 3 Hall sensor)) With a structure in which the and peripheral circuit elements are mounted, the position facing the rotor sensing magnet (11), e.g., stator assembly
  • the hall sensor assembly 26 detects a change in stimulation of the rotor sensing magnet 11 that rotates in synchronization with the hole (13 ⁇ 411) element when the rotor 50 rotates and transmits it to the motor driving circuit.
  • a housing sensing ⁇ _gnet 19 is installed inside the center of the cover 3, and a hole for detecting the rotation of the housing sensing magnet 19 is in the hall sensor assembly 26 (13 ⁇ 411 ) When the device is mounted and the cover, i.e., the housing 30 rotates, it is detected and transmitted to the system controller 290 of the electric bicycle.
  • the system controller 290 calculates the rotational speed of the housing 30 by detecting the rotational speed of the housing sensing magnet 19 in the hall sensor assembly 26, and the driving device 100 for electric bicycles If it is applied to the electric bicycle of the electric bicycle, the driving of the electric motor 110 is controlled so that the maximum speed of the electric bicycle is kept below 25101 ⁇ .
  • the electric motor 110 is, for example, an 18-slot, 20-pole motor, and includes a stator 40 and a rotor 50 disposed outside the stator 40 at intervals.
  • an outer rotor motor in which the rotor 50 is disposed on the outside of the stator 40 is described as an example, but the present invention can be applied to an inner rotor motor in which the rotor is disposed inside the stator on the contrary. .
  • the rotor 50 has a plurality of (20) different polarity positive poles and three poles).
  • Magnets ie, poles
  • 211-230 can be implemented in a structure attached to the back yoke 13 in an annular shape in sequence.
  • teeth (111128) formed in the shape of an annular yoke (implemented as an integrated stator core extending radially from 15 ⁇ , or an I-shaped tip and the rear end are mutually assembled and connected to form an annular yoke. It can be implemented with multiple (18) split cores forming.
  • the coil is wound in the stator 40 and forms a magnetic circuit path.
  • stator core 15 As for the stator core 15, as described above, an integrated core or a split core may be used.
  • the number of magnets (poles) and the number of teeth (slots) can have various combinations other than 18 slots and 20 poles.
  • three-wire structure motor a motor that is alternately wound for each phase on three teeth adjacent to the coil according to the present invention.
  • the magnet (stimulation) of the rotor can be set at, for example, a ratio of 18 slots and 20 poles. Therefore, in the present invention, a difference of about 10% between the number of slots and the number of poles occurs, which causes cogging that occurs when the rotor rotates. Is significantly reduced compared to the 1-wire connection method, and the spacing between the core and the core (i.e., slot and slot) is set narrow, and as a result, the effective area opposite between the magnet and the core (i.e., tooth) increases, increasing the efficiency. Will be able to promote.
  • the rotor 50 includes an N-pole magnet (211,213, 215, 217, 219, 221, 223, 225, 227, 229) and a three-pole magnet (212, 214, 216, 218, 220, 222, 224, 226, 228, 230 are alternately arranged, and an annular back yoke 13 is provided on the outer periphery to form a magnetic circuit path between adjacent magnets, respectively.
  • stator 40 has a structure of 18 slots and 20 poles
  • the three-phase (11,) stator coil (18) is shown in Fig. 11 (as shown in 1, 1 ⁇ 4 ⁇ each phase has 6
  • Coils (111-116, ⁇ 1- ⁇ 6, ⁇ - ⁇ 6) are successively wound on three adjacent teeth to form one core group, and a total of six first to six core groups ( ( 31 ⁇ 06).
  • stator is a multiple of 9, 27 slots, 9
  • the sixth core group 6) is arranged in a position opposite to the center of the stator core 15 as a reference.
  • stator 40 of the present invention is a three-phase (11,) stator
  • each silver phase is the inverter circuit 150 constituting the motor drive circuit as shown in FIG. It is connected to the output, and the other side (end terminal) of each phase is connected to each other, and a neutral point is switched! 5 ; Neutral parent 0_ is formed.
  • 6 core groups ( ( 31 ⁇ 06) continuously wound on three adjacent teeth are, for example, in the case of coils (111-113) of phase II core group ( ( 31), teeth ( 111-113) is wound in the forward, reverse, and forward directions, so each tooth in each core group generates magnetic fluxes in opposite directions.
  • stator 40 when viewed as a whole, has 18 teeth (111 ⁇ 28), and an optional driving signal is generated so that magnetic fluxes in opposite directions are generated between adjacent teeth.
  • each core group is connected in parallel, so that the input of each core group is the inverter circuit 150. Commonly connected to the output, and the output of each core group is connected in common to 3 common terminal terminals (0 3).
  • the top coil (111-116) consists of the first core group ((31) and the fourth core group consisting of three coils (114-116)) consisting of three coils (111-113). Input and output are connected in common, and the phase coil ( ⁇ V1-W6) and the V phase coil 6) have the same
  • the 2nd core group 2) made up of coils ( ⁇ vl-w3) and the 5th core group 5) made up of 3 coils ( ⁇ v4-w6) are connected in common for each of the inputs and outputs.
  • the stator 40 wound by the three-wiring method according to the present invention includes 18 teeth (111-128) and coils (!off-116, ⁇ 1- ⁇ ) of each phase. ⁇ 6, ⁇ 1- ⁇ 6) are wound and the 1st to 6th core groups ((31 ⁇ 06) are arranged sequentially.
  • the 6th core group 6) is wound on the tooth (128126), and then the tooth (the 3rd core group 3) is wound on the tooth (128126). 122-120) and the fourth core group 4) on II are continuously wound to complete the coil winding.
  • a single wire is used to start winding the first phase II core group ( ⁇ 31) on the tooth 111, and the tooth 120 of the phase II four core group 4). Coil winding is completed by winding continuously until the winding for is completed.
  • each core group (G1-G6) the winding directions of the coils wound on the 3 teeth included in each core group (G1-G6) are in the forward, reverse, and forward directions.
  • the coil (U1) of the top first core group (G1) is After winding ,U2,U3), when winding the coils (W3, W2, W1) of the second core group (G2) of the W phase, from the rear tooth (T16) to the front tooth (T14).
  • the 5th core group of the W phase (G5) and the 6th core group of the V phase (G6) the 5th core group of the W phase (G5) and the 6th core group of the V phase (G6),
  • the third core group (G3) of the V-phase and the fourth core group (G4) of the U-phase are winding the coil in the same way.
  • the wire wound around the tooth to form a coil is, for example, a UEW (Polyurethane Enameled Wire) enameled wire coated with a suleyurethane on the outer periphery,
  • UEW Polyurethane Enameled Wire
  • the coil winding method of the present invention is not limited thereto, and it is also possible to divide and winding.
  • two core groups each adjacent to each other for example, two core groups ( G1, G2; G3, G4; G5, G6) can be divided into 3 windings.
  • the electric motor 110 according to the present invention is
  • the 1st core group (G1) and the 4th core group (G4) are connected in common for inputs and outputs,
  • the 2nd core group (G2) of the W phase and the 5th core group (G5) are connected to each input and output, and the 3rd core group (G3) of the V phase and the 6th core group (G6) are connected to each input and output.
  • the resistance of the stator coil 18 can be minimized as the coils of each phase have a parallel connection structure.
  • each core group G1-G6
  • the phase, W-phase and V-phase terminal terminals UT, WT, VT
  • common terminal terminals C1-C3
  • the resistance of the stator coil (18) can be minimized by configuring a parallel circuit.
  • resistance (R) is proportional to length (1) and inversely proportional to cross-sectional area (S). Therefore, each The total resistance of the stator coil 18, which is connected in parallel between the core groups, is reduced by about 1/2 when compared with the direct connection structure.
  • the coil temperature is reduced by reducing resistance and coil loss, and the efficiency is increased.
  • a thin-diameter wire is wound in a two-strand winding method, and by this, a desired high-speed RPM can be achieved by securing the desired number of coil turns, thereby improving the performance of the driving device. do.
  • [158] It shows the state when the rotation position is 0.
  • the corresponding stator coil (111-116, ⁇ - ⁇ ) is applied by changing the direction of the current flowing through the stator coil (111-116, ⁇ 1 6; ⁇ 1- ⁇ 6) for every 12 degrees of the machine. 6, ⁇ 1- ⁇ 6) is selectively activated to generate a rotating magnetic field.
  • the motor drive circuit includes a control unit (not shown) and an inverter circuit 150, 2020/175882 1»(:1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2020/002682 Inverter circuit 150 consists of 3 pairs of power switching elements-6) each connected to the totem pole, and the connection point between the upper and lower sides) Outputs (11,) of each phase are generated from: Mig) (: electric
  • stator coil (!off-116, ⁇ 1- ⁇ 6, 1- 6) of the motor 110.
  • [16 is 61 ⁇ )
  • the stator 40 is 6 coils connected in parallel for each phase as shown in Fig. 11 (1-113,114-116, ⁇ 1- Including ⁇ 3, ⁇ 4- ⁇ 6, 1- 3, 4- 6), for example, in the case of a star (time) connection structure, the other ends of the coil are interconnected to form a neutral point.
  • the electric motor 110 selectively drives two switching elements among the three pairs of switching elements connected to the totem pole based on the position signal of the rotor 50, and the II phase, ⁇ phase, phase coil (! Off-113,114-116, ⁇ 1- ⁇ 3, ⁇ 4- ⁇ 6, ⁇ 1- ⁇ 3, ⁇ 4- ⁇ 6) by sequentially applying current to the coils of two phases
  • the rotor rotates as the stator coil is sequentially excited to generate a rotating magnetic field, i.e., a drive signal is applied from the output of the inverter circuit 150 to one coil, and a neutral point is applied to the other coil. Is authorized.
  • the polarity of the rotor 50 is set to "3" in Fig. 11 (as shown in 1).
  • the control unit judges that the rotational position of the rotor 50 is 0, according to Table 1 above, and applies a drive signal to turn on the upper side 3 and the lower side 2, and the current is 3 -parallel. Connection to phase coil 3)/( ⁇ 4- ⁇ 6) -Neutral point -Parallel connection ⁇ phase coil ( ⁇ 3- ⁇ 1)/( ⁇ 6- ⁇ 4) To ground via 2 Flows.
  • the tooth 117 generates magnetic flux in the inner direction, and the tooth 118 is
  • a magnetic flux in the direction is generated, and the magnetic flux in the inward direction is generated in the tooth 119, a magnetic circuit is set as indicated by an arrow, and the rotor 50 is rotated in a clockwise direction.
  • ⁇ top coil 0/1 3) 3 wired teeth ( ⁇ and ⁇ top coil ( ⁇ V3-W1) 3 wired teeth (114-116) are placed in opposite positions of ⁇ top coil 4 6)
  • the same repulsion and attraction force as above between the three-wired teeth (126-128) and the three-wired teeth (123125) and the rotor (50) with ⁇ upper coil ( ⁇ 6- ⁇ 4) It is generated and rotates the rotor 50 clockwise by the action of pushing and pulling the rotor 50.
  • the electric motor 110 has each core group ((31 Shin 6) has a reverse coil winding on a tooth located in the middle of three consecutive teeth of each phase, and each driving step ( £ Two groups of adjacent cores arranged on both sides symmetrically around the axis of rotation, i.e. a pair of 6 consecutive teeth is activated, and a pair of consecutive teeth
  • a drive signal is applied to the core group from the start (0 ⁇ ) terminal of the corresponding coil, and to the other core group from the end 11 ( 3 ⁇ 4 terminal of the corresponding coil).
  • the six teeth in a row that are activated are set to have opposite polarities on the left side of the teeth between the rotor 50, and pull the rotor 50 in the rotational direction by the suction force, and the right sides of the teeth are the same. As the polarity is set, the repulsive force pushes the rotor 50 in the direction of rotation.
  • each tooth is not rounded, and cogging does not occur significantly even if the curvature is set to match one lateral circle formed by all 18 teeth. , By increasing the effective area between the magnet and the core (teeth) to the maximum, it can reduce the leakage magnetic flux, thereby increasing the efficiency.
  • each core group (G1 G6) is wound so that the teeth of the stator core (T11-T28) are arranged clockwise in the order of G1-G6, but the core group is G1-G3-G5-G4. It is also possible to arrange clockwise in the order of -G6-G2.
  • the transmission 120 is a simple planetary gear unit or multi-stage gearbox that reduces the high-speed rotational speed of the electric motor 110 to a low speed.
  • 2020/175882 1»(:1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2020/002682 Can be formed as a transmission.
  • the planetary gear units with fixed transmission applied include sun gear (10), multiple planetary gears (8), ring gear (7) and carrier (9).
  • Planetary gear units include sun gear input, ring gear output, and carrier fixed gear. In the case of having the structure of, the output reduced in the reverse direction is obtained in which the reduction ratio is determined by the number of (-) ring gear teeth/sun gear teeth.
  • the output of the rotor 50 of the electric motor 110 is transmitted to the sun gear 10 connected thereto through the rotor bracket 14. That is, the inner ring of the rotor bracket 14 A plurality of fixing bolts (21) are fastened between 14 teeth and the extension part (10) extending from the sun gear (10) to form an interconnection.
  • a pair of third and fourth bearings ( ⁇ , 6(1) are installed between the extension part (10) and the support shaft (1), and the central part of the sun gear (10) can rotate around the support shaft (1)
  • the sun gear 10 rotates in the same direction as the rotor 50.
  • Three planetary gears (8) are connected to the outer periphery of the sun gear (10), and each of the three planetary gears (8) is supported rotatably through a bearing (20) on its own rotation shaft (9 ⁇ ). , One end is fixed to the three rotating shafts (9 carriers (i.e. planetary gear brackets) 9). Accordingly, the three planetary gears 8 and carriers (i.e. planetary gear brackets) 9 are shown in Fig. 5 It is integrated as shown in the figure to form a planetary gear assembly (60).
  • the three planetary gears (8) are a structure that can rotate around the rotation axis (9 ⁇ ) according to the rotation of the sun gear (10), but the rotation is not achieved, and one direction of the sun gear (10) (for example , Direction) When rotating, the three planetary gears (8) are in opposite directions (i.e. Direction) is made.
  • the three planetary gears (8) are internally inscribed to the ring gear (7) and are gear-coupled,
  • the outer periphery of the ring gear (7) is attached to the ring gear bracket (4).
  • the ring gear bracket (4) is composed of an outer ring (4&) and an outer ring (circle smaller than 4) that are supported by the ring gear (7).
  • the inner ring 4 and the outer ring 4 and a plurality of bridges connecting between the 4 and the inner ring 4 are included.
  • the ring gear 7 and the ring gear bracket 4 are integrated to provide a ring gear assembly 70. To form.
  • the clutch (5) is, for example, a one-way clutch and a ball bearing built-in structure, the outer ring and the inner ring, respectively, the inner ring (4c) of the ring gear bracket (4) and the clutch fixing part ( It can be installed by press-fitting or key-fixing method in 2a). Also, the one-way clutch can be applied with Cam Clutch.
  • a throttle type electric bicycle is an electric bicycle equipped with a throttle such as an accelerator that allows the driver to arbitrarily control the output of the motor.
  • the rotor 50 and the rotor bracket 14 rotate in the CW direction according to the drive of the electric motor 110, and in synchronization with this, the sun gear of the transmission 120 ( 10) Rotate the road support shaft (1) in the CW direction.
  • the transmission 120 is composed of a simple planetary gear device having a fixed structure of the sun gear (10) input, ring gear (7) output, and carrier (9), and the reduction ratio is negative (-) ring gear. It is determined by the number of teeth/line gears, and generates CCW direction output reduced in the reverse direction to the CW direction output of the electric motor 110.
  • the tire (222) is also rotated in the CCW direction, and accordingly, the electric bicycle (200)
  • Throttle type electric bike (200) is used to operate the accelerator (282).
  • the rotational speed transmitted to the housing 30 through the transmission 120 is also proportional.
  • the driving speed of electric bicycles will also increase.
  • the electric bicycle can be advanced by manpower.
  • the sun gear (10) is centered on the support shaft (1). Turn in the direction
  • Rotor 50 By rotating in the direction, the rotor 50 acts as a load. However, this low-speed reverse does not cause any damage or noise to the drive system.
  • the electric motor 110 is separated from the housing 30 by connecting the ring gear bracket (4) and the clutch protruding from the housing (30) with a clutch (5) consisting of a one-way bearing.
  • the output of the ring gear 7 is transmitted to the housing 30 only during operation (turn-on), and the housing 30 rotates in the forward direction when the electric motor 110 is stopped (turn-off). It can block the transmission of the rotational power of the housing (30) to the gear (7).
  • the drive system of the present invention (other than the 0 «1 ⁇ method, Mosho Mosansan Shoyo 3 111) method and throttle ( It can be applied to the electric bicycle of the electric bicycle.
  • Driving device of the present invention (if applicable to 10 bicycles, operation
  • the controller 290 increases the output of the electric motor 110, and as a result, the rotational speed transmitted to the housing 30 through the transmission 120 is proportional to the increase in the output of the electric motor 110. 200) will also increase.
  • the output of the electric motor 0 of the electric bicycle can be actively controlled by adjusting the pedal force applied by the driver to the pedal 240.
  • the torque sensor measures the foot force applied to the pedal 240 to increase the output of the electric motor (0) of the electric bicycle, thereby maintaining the running speed equal to that of flatland driving. can do.
  • the hall sensor installed in the hall sensor assembly 26 detects the rotation of the housing sensing magnet 19 and transmits it to the system controller 290, based on the rotation speed of the electric motor 0, that is, the electric bicycle.
  • the running speed of 200 is calculated, and the result is displayed on the operation panel 284.
  • the system controller 290 is a hall sensor to meet the bicycle road driving requirements.
  • the rotational speed of the electric motor (0) i.e., the driving speed of the electric bicycle exceeds 25101 1
  • the electric motor (0 ) or the driving speed of the electric bike can be controlled so that it does not exceed 25101 1.
  • the driving device of the present invention can be applied to electric bicycles of throttle method, PAS (Pedal Assist System) method, and throttle and PAS combination method.

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Abstract

본 발명은 스로틀 방식, PAS 방식 및 스로틀과 PAS 겸용방식의 전기자전거에 적용할 수 있는 허브 타입 구동장치 및 이를 이용한 전기자전거에 관한 것이다. 상기 허브 타입 구동장치는 내부에 수용공간을 갖는 하우징; 상기 하우징을 관통하여 통과하며 전기자전거의 포크에 양단부가 고정설치되는 지지축; 상기 지지축을 중심으로 하우징을 회전 가능하게 지지하는 제1 및 제2 베어링; 상기 지지축을 중심으로 회전되는 회전력을 발생시키는 전동 모터; 상기 전동 모터의 회전력을 감속시키기 위한 변속기; 및 상기 변속기의 출력을 하우징에 선택적으로 전달하는 클러치를 포함하며; 상기 변속기는 선기어 입력, 캐리어 고정, 링기어 출력 방식의 유성기어장치로 형성되고, 상기 링기어는 일단이 링기어에 연결된 링기어 브라켓의 타단을 통하여 클러치에 연결되며, 상기 클러치는 외륜이 링기어 브라켓의 타단에 지지되고, 내륜이 상기 하우징으로부터 돌출된 클러치 고정부에 지지된 원웨이 베어링으로 형성될 수 있다.

Description

2020/175882 1»（：1/10公020/002682 명세서
발명의 명칭:허브타입구동장치및이를이용한전기자전거 기술분야
[1] 본발명은전기자전거에관한것으로,상세하게는스로틀 (Throttle)방식, PAS(Pedal Assist System)방식및스로틀과 PAS겸용방식의전기자전거에 적용할수있는허브타입구동장치및이를이용한전기자전거에관한것이다. 배경기술
[2] 전기자전거 (Electric Bicycle)는일반자전거의바퀴허브혹은크랭크축에
직류모터를장착하고동력을보조하는기능을하여평지및오르막길에서의 쾌적한주행을가능하게한다.
[3] 전기자전거의적용범위의기준은사람의힘을보충하기위하여전기모터 동력을장착한이륜자전거를말한다.전기자전거는반드시페달주행기능이 있으며,전기모터동력으로움직이는자전거를말하며구동방식에따라다음과 같이분류된다.
[4] 첫째 ,스로틀 (Throttle) :전기자전거가속기레버를조작하여전기모터의
동력만으로움직이는자전거.
[5] 둘째 ,페달어시스트시스템 (PAS: Pedal Assist System) :전기자전거페달과 전기모터의동시동력으로움직이는자전거.
[6] 셋째，스로틀 (Throttle)/PAS :전기자전거스로틀 (Throttle)과 PAS구동방식
모두를지원하는자전거.
[7] 스로틀 (Throttle)방식전기자전거는엑셀러레이터 (Accelerator)를조작하여 모터의회전력을조절함으로써,저속에서부터고속까지자전거의속도를 제어할수있게되며 ,이러한엑셀러레이터에의한구동방식을스쿠터식이라고 칭하고있다.
[8] PAS(Pedal Assist System)방식전기자전거는페달을구를때이를감지하여 자동으로모터가회전되도록하는페달도움식으로서 ,토크센서는자전거 운전자가페달에가하는답력을측정하여계산된토크정보를전기자전거 컨트롤러에제공하는역할을하며페달에가해지는답력이커질수록모터의 출력도커지게되므로운전자가페달에가하는답력을조절하여전기자전거의 직류모터출력을능동적으로제어할수있다.
[9] 허브내부에모터를내장한허브형모터는일반적인모터와마찬가지로
회전속도가낮아지면효율이급격하게저하되어전기자전거의구동능력이 떨어진다.따라서저속에서구동력을좋게하기위해서는변속기가필요하다. 허브내에변속기와모터를모두내장한허브형모터는최근에서야개발이되고 있다.
[1이 이러한변속기는일반적으로모터의입력만을변속하는것이며모터또는 2020/175882 1»（：1^1{2020/002682 페달의구동에의해자전거가운행되는동안에는변속제어부에부하가걸리면 속도변환이되지않는다.
[11] 모터의입력과페달의입력을하나의변속기로입력받아이를모터또는
페달의구동이있는동안에도원하는변속단으로즉시변환하는것은쉽지않은 문제가있다.
[12] 이러한종래기술에서는모터쪽입력및페달쪽입력이모두전가되어
변속장치내에서부하가발생되어선택한변속단으로변환되지못하는것을 해결하여전기자전거및일반자전거의허브내장형변속기에적용할수있는 변속방법이한국공개특허공보제 10-2010-0135488호（특허문헌 1）에제안되어 있다.
[13] 특허문헌 1에는바퀴의허브쉘내에모터와변속장치가모두구비되어있고, 허브쉘에내장되어있는모터에의해구동되는동력과,상기허브쉘외측에 별도로장착되어탑승자의페달링에의해구동되는스프로켓으로입력되는 동력을허브쉘에내장되어 있는변속장치에의해서각각또는동시에
변속시키는모터및페달링겸용변속방법이개시되어 있다.
[14] 특허문헌 1의변속기는모터및페달의입력동력을변속장치를통해
저속에서부터고속까지마음대로변환시킬수있고또한,변속기가작동되고 있는중이나또는작동되고있지않는중이라도모터쪽입력또는,페달쪽 입력을모두받을수있도록하였다.
[15] 그러나,특허문헌 1의변속기는 3속변속이이루어지는것으로복잡한
변속기어구조를가지고있어부피가크며구조가복잡하여제조단가가높으며 , 고정비의변속이이루어지는 방식이아니다.
[16] 단일의원웨이베어링으로이루어진클러치를사용하는고정비의변속이
이루어지는
Figure imgf000004_0001
방식은 3~5단계의모드를구비하고도로주행환경에따라각 모드별로적절한파워를제공하고있다.
[17] 총 5단계의페달어시스트시스템 쇼幻은예를들어,모터의지원을완전히 차단하는오프모드에서시작해서장거리지원을하는에코모드,균일한 어시스트를지원하는투어모드,비교적파워가강력한스포츠모드,그리고가장 큰파워를지원하는터보모드로구성될수있다.
[18] 그런데,종래의단일의클러치를사용하는고정비의변속이이루어지는
Figure imgf000004_0002
방식구동장치는싱글모터의동력을선기어입력,캐리어고정,링기어출력의 유성기어세트에인가하여링기어로부터고정비로토크변속된출력를
발생시키는구조를가지고있다.
[19] 종래의
Figure imgf000004_0003
방식구동장치는선기어로회전구동력을받아서유성기어를
통하여링기어로출력이발생될때,링기어가구동장치하우징에직접결합되고 캐리어에원웨이베어링으로이루어진클러치가삽입된구조를가지고있다.
[2이 이경우,모터가구동될때는유성기어세트의기어감속으로링기어가
회전되며 ,모터정지시에도자전거는전진방향으로진행되어야한다. 2020/175882 1»（：1^1{2020/002682
[21]
Figure imgf000005_0001
결합되고캐리어에클러치가
삽입된구조를가지고있으며,클러치는샤프트에고정되어 있다.따라서,모터 정지시구동장치하우징이 전진방향으로회전하면링기어와유성기어가 회전하면서선기어도회전하며로터도회전하게된다.이경우,링기어의 회전에 따라모터의로터가회전하면로터가부하로작용하여브레이크역할을하며 바람직하지못하다.
[22] 그결과,종래에는유성기어회전시에선기어의구동방지를위해
캐리어에클러치가삽입되어 캐리어가회전하도록설계되어 있다.
[23] 그러나,모터정지시에자전거가전진방향으로진행되는경우,구동장치
하우징이 회전하면서,링기어와유성기어의 회전에따라소음이발생하며, 링기어와유성기어의회전비가 1 : 1이아니기 때문에회전과정지를반복하게 되어 합성수지로제작되는유성기어의파손이 발생하는문제점이 있다.
발명의상세한설명
기술적과제
[24] 본발명은이러한종래문제점을감안하여고안된것으로,그목적은링기어와 하우징이분리되어 있으며 링기어브라켓과하우징으로부터돌출된클러치 고정부사이를원웨이 베어링으로이루어진클러치로연결함에 의해전동 모터의동작시에만링기어출력을하우징에 전달하고전동모터가정지시에는 링기어출력을하우징에 전달하는것을차단할수있는허브타입구동장치 및 이를이용한전기자전거를제공하는데 있다.
[25] 본발명의다른목적은모터정지상태에서자전거가진행하여하우징이회전될 때 링기어의회전을차단할수있어기어가파손되거나소음이 발생되는것을 최소화할수있는허브타입구동장치 및 이를이용한전기자전거를제공하는데 있다.
Figure imgf000005_0002
고정비의 변속이 이루어지는허브타입구동장치 및 이를이용한전기자전거를제공하는데 있다.
[27] 본발명의다른목적은 3결선방법으로일체형스테이터코어의티스에 3상 코일을권선할때,한번에모든코일권선이 연속됨에 따라코일사이의 연결 부위 없이코일권선이 이루어질수있는허브타입구동장치를제공하는데 있다.
[28] 본발명의또다른목적은 3결선방법으로코
병렬접속함에 의해코일의 저항을최소화함에
Figure imgf000005_0003
1에8）을줄여서코일온도를낮추고효율은증대시키며가는직경의와이어를
2가닥권선방식으로턴수를확보하여
Figure imgf000005_0004
구현할수있는허브타입 구동장치를제공하는데 있다.
과제해결수단 [29] 본발명의일실시예에따르면,전기자전거용허브타입구동장치는내부에 수용공간을갖는하우징 ;상기하우징을관통하여통과하며전기자전거의 프레임으로부터분지된포크에양단부가고정설치되는지지축;상기지지축이 관통하는하우징의양즉면과지지죽사이에설치되며지지죽을중심으로 하우징을회전가능하게지지하는제 1및제 2베어링;상기하우징내부에 내장되며지지축을중심으로회전되는회전력을발생시키는전동모터 ;상기 전동모터의회전력을감속시키기위한변속기;및상기변속기의출력을 하우징에선택적으로전달하는클러치를포함하며 ;상기변속기는선기어입력, 캐리어고정,링기어출력방식의유성기어장치로형성되고,상기링기어는 일단이링기어에연결된링기어브라켓의타단을통하여클러치에연결되며, 상기클러치는외륜이링기어브라켓의타단에지지되고,내륜이상기
하우징으로부터돌출된클러치고정부에지지된원웨이베어링으로형성되는 것을특징으로한다.
[3이 상기전기자전거용허브타입구동장치는상기링기어와링기어브라켓은
하우징과분리되어있으며 ,상기클러치는상기전동모터가동작될때링기어 브라켓의출력을하우징에전달하고,상기전동모터가정지상태일때하우징의 전진방향회전력을링기어브라켓에전달하는것을차단할수있다.
[31] 또한,상기전동모터는아우터로터타입 BLDC(Brushless DC)모터로
이루어지며,상기로터의출력은로터브라켓을통하여유성기어장치의 선기어에전달되고,상기선기어는지지축에회전가능하게지지되고,상기 캐리어는지지축에고정될수있다.
[32] 상기유성기어장치는상기전동모터의로터와연결되는선기어 ;상기
선기어의외주에기어결합되며자전하는복수의유성기어;상기복수의 유성기어를각각회전가능하게지지하는캐리어 ;상기복수의유성기어가 내접하는링기어;및상기링기어의외주에일단이연결되고,타단이상기 클러치에연결되는링기어브라켓;을포함하며,상기선기어는지지축에회전 가능하게지지되고,상기캐리어는지지축에고정될수있다.
[33] 상기하우징은내부에수용공간을갖도록컵형상으로이루어진훨;및
외주부가상기훨의개구부에결합되는커버;를포함하며,상기클러치고정부는 상기훨의수용공간내부로돌출된원통부로형성되고,상기클러치고정부의 외주부에원웨이베어링의내륜이지지되고,상기클러치고정부의내주부와 지지축사이에제 2베어링이장착될수있다.
[34] 상기전기자전거용허브타입구동장치에서상기제 1및제 2베어링은각각 상기훨과커버의중앙에형성된각각의관통구멍내측에설치되며,상기제 1및 제 2베어링과지지축사이에는각각실리용 0-링이설치될수있다.
[35] 본발명에따른전기자전거용허브타입구동장치는상기전기자전거가
PAS(Pedal Assist System)방식전기자전거일때,상기전동모터는크랭크축에 설치되어페달에가해지는답력을검출하기위한토크센서 ;상기하우징에 2020/175882 1»（：1^1{2020/002682 설치되어전기자전거의주행속도검출에이용되는하우징센싱마그넷;상기 전동모터의스테이터에설치되며 ,상기하우징과함께회전되는하우징센싱 마그넷의회전을검출하여주행속도검출신호를발생하는홀센서를구비하는 홀센서조립체;및사용자의선택에따라상기전기자전거의시스템을제어하는 시스템콘트롤러;를더포함하며,상기시스템콘트롤러는상기주행속도 검출신호에기초하여산출된주행속도가미리설정된속도를초과하지않도록 상기전동모터를제어할수있다.
[36] 상기전동모터는로터브라켓의외륜에백요크와마그넷이적층된로터;및 외주부가상기로터의마그넷과에어갭을갖고대향하고중앙부가지지축의 외주에결합되어고정되며,상기로터에회전자기장을인가하기위한
스테이터;를포함하고,상기로터브라켓의내륜이상기선기어로부터연장된 연장부에연결될수있다.
[37] 본발명에따른전기자전거용허브타입구동장치는상기연장부의내주부와 지지죽사이에지지죽을중심으로상기로터브라켓과선기어를회전가능하게 지지하는제 3및제 4베어링 ;을더포함할수있다.
[38] 상기스테이터는환형요크의외주에복수의티스가방사상으로연장된
스테이터코어 ;상기로터의마그넷과대향한외주면을제외한복수의티스의 4측면을둘러싸는절연필름;각각복수의티스와환형요크에대응하도록환형 몸체와상기환형몸체로부터방사상으로뻗어있는복수의연장부를구비하고, 상기스테이터코어의일측및타측에조립되는제 1및제 2스테이터
인슐레이터;상기절연필름과제 1및제 2스테이터인슐레이터에의해둘러싸인 티스부분에권선되는스테이터코일;및외륜이스테이터코어의내주부에 결합되고복수의브릿지를통하여연결된내륜이상기지지축에결합되는 스테이터어셈블리브라켓;을포함할수있다.이경우,상기스테이터코어와 스테이터어셈블리브라켓은일체형일수있다.
[39] 또한,상기스테이터는복수의티스에권선되는 3상（11 , ）스테이터코일을 포함하고,상기 3상（11 , ）스테이터코일각각은 3개의티스에연속적으로 권선된복수의코어그룹을포함하며,각상의코어그룹은병렬접속되고각 상별로교대로배치될수있다.
[4이 더욱이,상기전동모터는 20극싱글로터와 18슬롯옌 ）구조의
스테이터로구성되며 ,상기스테이터는복수의티스에권선되는
Figure imgf000007_0001
스테이터코일을포함하고,상기 3상（11 , ）스테이터코일각각은 3개의 티스에연속적으로권선된복수의코어그룹을포함하며,상기코어그룹각각은 연속된 3개의티스에순방향,역방향및순방향의순서로연속권선되며,인접된 2개상의연속된 6개의티스는대향하여배치된로터의마그넷을동일한 방향으로회전하도록서로반대방향으로자속이발생되며 ,상기스테이터 코일에
Figure imgf000007_0002
방식으로구동신호가인가될때, 2개상의연속된 6개의 티스는활성화상태로설정되고,상기연속된 6개의티스사이에배치된나머지 1개상의연속된 3개의티스는비활성화상태로설정될수있다.
[41] 또한,상기전동모터는 20극싱글로터와 18슬롯 (slot)구조의싱글스테이터로 구성되며 ,상기스테이터는 18개의티스에권선되는 3상 (U,V,W)스테이터 코일을포함하고,상기 3상 (U,V,W)스테이터코일각각은 3개의티스에 연속적으로권선된 6개의코어그룹을포함하며,상기 18개의티스에권선되는 3상 (U,V,W)스테이터코일은일회의연속권선으로권선이완료되고,각상의 코어그룹의입력은공통연결되고,각상의코어그룹의출력은중성점 (Neutral Point)에연결되도록권선될수있다.
[42] 본발명의일실시예에따르면,전기자전거는프레임 ;상기프레임의일단에 연결된전륜;상기프레임의타단에연결된후륜;및상기전륜과후륜중하나의 허브에설치되어바취에회전구동력을제공하는허브타입구동장치;를포함할 수있다.
[43] 본발명의허브타입구동장치는스로틀 (Throttle)방식 , PAS(Pedal Assist System)방식및스로틀과 PAS겸용방식의전기자전거에적용될수있다. 발명의효과
[44] 상기한바와같이 ,본발명에서는링기어와하우징이분리되어있으며링기어 브라켓과하우징으로부터돌출된클러치고정부사이를원웨이베어링으로 이루어진클러치로연결함에의해전동모터의동작시에만링기어출력을 하우징에전달하고전동모터가정지시에는하우징의회전력을링기어에 전달하는것을차단할수있다.
[45] 또한,본발명에서는모터정지상태에서사용자가페달링을하여자전거가 전진방향으로진행할때,즉하우징이고속으로전진방향으로회전될때에도 링기어의회전을차단할수있어기어가파손되거나소음이발생되는것을 최소화할수있다.
[46] 더욱이 ,본발명의구동장치는스로틀 (Throttle)방식 , PAS방식및
스로틀 (Throttle)과 PAS겸용방식을모두를지원할수있으며 ,고정비의변속이 이루어진다.
[47] 본발명은 3결선방법으로일체형스테이터코어의티스에 3상코일을권선할 때,한번에모든코일권선이연속됨에따라코일사이의연결부위없이코일 권선이이루어질수있다.
[48] 본발명은 3결선방법으로코일권선시에각코어그룹사이에병렬접속함에 의해코일의저항을최소화함에의해저항 (resistance)과동손 (coil loss)을줄여서 코일온도를낮추고효율은증대시키며가는직경의와이어를 2가닥
권선방식으로턴수를확보하여고속 RPM을구현할수있다.
도면의간단한설명
[49] 도 1은본발명에따른전기자전거용허브타입구동장치가후륜에적용된 전기자전거를보여주는개략정면도이다. 2020/175882 1»（：1^1{2020/002682
[5이 및도 ¾는각각본발명에따른전기자전거용허브타입구동장치의 정면도및좌측면사시도이다.
[51] 및도 는각각본발명에따른전기자전거용허브타입구동장치의 축방향단면도이다.
[52] 도 4는본발명에 따른전기자전거용허브타입구동장치의축방향을따라 절개한단면사시도이다.
[53] 도 5는본발명에 따른전기자전거용허브타입구동장치의부분분해
사시도이다.
[54] 도 6은본발명에 따른전기자전거용허브타입구동장치의완전분해
사시도이다.
[55] 발명에 따른전기자전거용허브타입구동장치의구동장치하우징을 사시도이다.
[56] 에서실링구조를설명하기 위한부분확대도이다.
[57] 도 %는각각본발명에따른전동모터를나타내는좌측면도,도 단면도및직경방향단면도이다.
[58] 발명에 따른전동모터를나타내는분해사시도이다.
[59]
Figure imgf000009_0001
도 11(1는각각본발명에따른스테이터코어에 3상코일을 3결선 방법으로권선하는방법을설명하는설명도,도 1 의 권선방법에따라권선된 3상스테이터코일의등가회로도,도 %에도시된스테이터코어에 3상코일을 3결선방법으로권선한코일결선도를나타내는설명도,및도 11(1에도시된 3상 스테이터코일의코일결선도와모터구동회로를함께나타낸회로도이다. 발명의실시를위한형태
[6이 이하,첨부된도면을참조하여본발명에따른바람직한실시예를설명한다.
[61] 이과정에서도면에도시된구성요소의크기나형상등은설명의 명료성과 편의상과장되게도시될수있다.또한,본발명의구성 및작용을고려하여 특별히 정의된용어들은사용자,운용자의의도또는관례에 따라달라질수 있다.이러한용어들에 대한정의는본명세서 전반에 걸친내용을토대로 내려져야한다.
[62] 도 1을참고하면,본발명에 따른전기자전거 (200)는후륜 (220)의 허브에허브 타입구동장치 (100)가설치되어 있다.
[63] 본발명에 따른전기자전거 (200)는일반자전거와유사하게 전륜 (210)과
후륜 (220)이기본적인다이아몬드형프레임 (230)에 연결되어 있고,일반 자전거로이용될때프리훨 (260)이 설치된후륜 (220)은대기어 (250)와 프리훨 (260)사이에 연결된체인 (270)을통하여페달 (240)에가해지는답력에 의해구동될수있다.
[64] 본발명에 따른전기자전거용허브타입구동장치 ( 0)는전기자전거의
후륜 (220)또는전륜 (210)의허브에 설치될수있다. 2020/175882 1»（：1^1{2020/002682
[65] 상기구동장치 (100)의지지축 (1)은프레임 (230)으로부터분지된포크 (232)에 양단부가연결되어있고,후륜 (220)의허브에는본발명에따른허브타입 구동장치 (100)가설치되어있다.상기프리훨 (260)은후술하는구동장치 (100)의 하우징 (30)을형성하는커버 (3)나훨 (2)의외측면에설치될수있으며, 프리훨 (260)에는외장식변속장치로서기어비변경이이루어지게하는다단 스프라켓이설치될수있다.
[66] 상기대기어 (250)를형성하는크랭크의크랭크축 (252)에는사용자의페달링에 따른답력을측정하기위한토크센서가설치될수있다.
[67] 상기프레임 (230)에연결된핸들 (280)의일측에는전기자전거가
스로틀 방식일경우에구비되는엑셀러레이터 (쇼＞(^1 _ (282)가 설치되어있고,핸들 (280)의타측에는브레이크레버 (286)가설치되며, 핸들 (280)의중앙부에는조작패널 (284)이설치될수있다.상기조작
패널 (284)은터치방식으로주행모드를변경하기위한모드선택스위치,라이트 턴온/턴오프스위치등의스위치를선택할수있으며,주행속도,선택된모드 등을디스플레이하는디스플레이부를포함하고있다.
[68] 또한,프레임 (230)에는상기조작패널 (284)에서사용자의조작,선택에따라 구동장치 (100)를제어하기위한시스템콘트롤러 (290)가케이블 (292)을통하여 연결되어있다.
[69]
Figure imgf000010_0001
참고하면,본발명에따른전기자전거용허브타입
구동장치 (100)는크게하우징 (30),지지축 (81 )(1),제 1내지제 4베어링 (6&~6(1), 로터 (50)와스테이터 (40)를구비하는전동모터 (110),변속기 (120)및클러치 (5)를 포함하고있다.
[7이 본발명에따른전기자전거용허브타입구동장치 (100)는,도 1에도시된바와 같이,지지축 (81 ¾)(1)이회전되지않고지지축 (81 的(1)의양단부가
전기자전거 (200)의프레임 (230)으로부터분지된포크 (232)에고정되어있으며, 하우징 (30)내부에회전력을발생하는동력원역할을하는전동모터 ( 0)를 구비하고있다.상기전동모터 ( 0)의회전력은유성기어장치로형성될수있는 변속기 (120)에전달되어모터의고속회전속도를저속으로감소시킴에의해 토크변환이이루어진후하우징 (30),즉바퀴에전달되어하우징 (30)을 회전시킴에의해전진구동이이루어진다.상기변속기 (120)는전동모터 (110)의 고속회전속도를저속으로감소시키는감속기로서저토크출력을고토크 출력으로변환시키는역할을한다.
1] 이하에본발명에따른전기자전거용허브타입구동장치 (100)의구성을
상세하게설명한다.
[72] 허브田 )역할을하는상기구동장치 (100)의하우징 (30)은후륜 (220)의중앙에 설치되며,일측이개방된컵형상으로이루어진훨 (2)과외주부가상기훨 (2)의 개구부에실링결합되는원형커버 (3)를포함한다.훨 (2)과커버 (3)는예를들어, 알루미늄합금과같은경량이면서강도를갖는금속재로이루어질수있으며 2020/175882 1»（：1^1{2020/002682 그의중앙에는지지축 (1)이관통하는관통구멍이 형성되어 있다.
3] 상기커버 (3)와훨 (2)의 관통구멍내측에는각각베어링하우징이 형성되어
하우징 (30)이지지죽 (1)을중심으로회전가능하게지지되도록제 1및제 2 베어링 (6 6비이 설치되어 있다.
4] 상기제 1베어링 (6幻은커버 (3)의중앙부가브레이크장치 설치용브라켓 (35)을 형성하도록외측으로돌출되면서그내측벽에 베어링하우징이 형성되고, 훨 (2)의내측벽으로부터돌출된클러치고정부 (2 는외주부에원웨이
베어링으로이루어진클러치 (5)를고정하는한편그의 내주부는제 2
베어링 )을지지하는제 2베어링하우징 역할을한다.
[75] 상기훨 (2)은컵 형상의외주부양측에각각한쌍의플랜지부 (¾2 가
돌출되어 있고,한쌍의플랜지부 (¾,2이사이에는복수개의보강부 (30幻가 연결되어 훨 (2)의 강도를보강하고있다.상기훨 (2)의 한쌍의
플랜지부 (¾, 2 에는도 1과같이타이어 (222)가장착되는림 (224)과연결되는 복수의스포크살 (226)이고정되는복수의스포크살결합구멍 (31)이 형성되어 있다.
6] 도 8에도시된바와같이 ,커버 (3)의 외주부에는요홈이 형성되어 있으며 ,상기 요홈에는훨 (2)의 개구부와커버 (3)의 외주부사이에실링결합을위해
0 -링 (23幻이삽입되어 있고,또한훨 (2)과커버 (3)의조립상태를유지하도록 복수의고정볼트 (22)가체결되어 있다.
[77] 또한,상기커버 (3)와훨 (2)의중앙에구비된제 1및제 2베어링 (6 6비과
지지축 (1)사이에는각각실링용 0 -링 (23江23이이삽입되어 있고,제 1및제 2 베어링 (6 6비과상기커버 (3)와훨 (2)의 내측벽에 형성된베어링하우징 사이에도각각실링용 0 -링 (23(1,23句이삽입되어 있다.
8] 더욱이,상기지지축 (1)에는도 8과같이,하우징 (30)의 외부에설치된시스템 콘트롤러 (290)의모터구동회로로부터 내부에구비된전동모터 (110)에
구동신호를전송하기위한케이블 (292)이통과하는케이블통로 (27)가형성되어 있다.
[79] 상기커버 (3)의중앙외측에는하우징 (30)의 회전을제동하기 위한
브레이크장치 설치용브라켓 (35)이돌출되어 커버 (3)와일체로형성되어 있으며, 상기브라켓 (35)에는예를들어,디스크브레이크가설치될수있다.
[8이 도시된실시예설명에서는상기브레이크장치설치용브라켓 (35)이 커버 (3)의 외측면에 일체로형성된것을예시하고있으나,훨 (2)의 외측면에 형성되는것도 가능하다.
[81] 본발명에 따른전기자전거용허브타입구동장치 (100)는,하우징 (30)내부에 회전력을발생하는동력원역할을하는전동모터 ( 0)를포함하며,전동 모터 (110)는예를들어 ,싱글스테이터 (40)의 외측에싱글로터 (50)가배치된 아우터로터타입으로,레이디얼에어랩타입 ( (1 1 gap )^)의
61고(：(¾11811노88 IX：)모터로이루어질수있다. 2020/175882 1»（：1^1{2020/002682
[82] 상기실시예에는전동모터 ( 0)가레이디얼에어갭타입의싱글
스테이터 (40)와싱글로터 (50)로구성된것을예시하고있으나,싱글
스테이터 -더블로터 ,더블스테이터 -더블로터구조로이루어질수있다.
[83] 전동모터 (110)는예를들어, 3상전파구동방식으로구동이이루어질수있고, 홀 (1¾11)소자와같은자기전기변환소자에의해로터의회전위치검출을실시할 수있다.
[84] 상기스테이터 (40)는중앙부가지지축 (1)의외주에키 (1^ )(25)를이용한
키결합방식으로결합되어고정되며,상기로터의회전위치검출에기초하여 모터구동회로로부터인가되는모터구동신호에따라로터 (50)에회전자기장을 인가함에의해로터 (50)를회전시킨다.
[85] 로터 (50)는메인마그넷 (12)이원통형백요크 (13)내부에적층되어 있으며, 원통형백요크 (13)는로터브라켓 (14)의내측에지지되어 있다.
[86] 상기메인마그넷 (12)은 N극과 3극이교대로배치된복수의분할마그넷으로 이루어지거나,분할착자된원통형마그넷을사용할수있다.
[87] 상기로터브라켓 (14)은원통형백요크 (13)를지지하는외륜 (14幻,
변속기 (120)를형성하는선기어 (10)로부터연장된연장부 (10幻와복수의 고정볼트 (21)에의해연결되는내륜 (14 및상기외륜 (14幻과내륜 (14이사이를 연결하는복수의브릿지 (14비를포함하고있다.
[88] 상기로터 (50)는외주부가하우징 (30)의훨 (2)내부와소정의간격을두고
배치되며,로터 (50)의출력은로터브라켓 (14)을통하여변속기 (120)의 선기어 (10)에전달된다.즉,로터브라켓 (14)의내륜 (14 과선기어 (10)의 연장부 (10幻사이에는복수의고정볼트 (21)를체결하여상호연결됨에따라 로터 (50)와선기어 (10)는지지축 (1)을중심으로함께회전된다.
[89] 즉,선기어 (10)의연장부 (10幻는도 에도시된바와같이선기어 (10)로부터 3단절곡된구조를가지도록형성되고,지지축 (1)을둘러싸는제 2단
절곡부 (10비의내측은베어링하우징역할을하여내주부에제 3및제 4 베어링 (此, 6(1)이설치되며,상기로터 (50)와선기어 (10)는지지축 (1)을중심으로 회전가능하게지지된다.상기제 3베어링 (6이과제 4베어링 (6(1)사이에는제 3및 제 4베어링 (6 6(1)을분리시키도록스페이서역할을하는스페이서링 (28)이 삽입되어 있다.그러나,스페이서링 (28)은생략될수있다.
[9이 상기선기어 (10)의연장부 (10幻중지지축 (1)과직각방향의제 3단
절곡부 (10 에는상기로터 (50)의회전위치를검출할수있도록메인
마그넷 (12)과대응하는복수의자극 (마그넷)을갖는환형의로터센싱
마그넷 (11)이설치되어 있다.따라서,로터센싱마그넷 (11)은로터 (50)의 회전시에동시에회전된다.
[91] 또한,상기로터센싱마그넷 (11)과대향한스테이터어셈블리브라켓 (17)에는 로터 (50)의회전시에로터의회전위치를감지할수있도록복수의
홀 (1¾11)센서가간격을두고인쇄회로기판 (1 피에장착된홀센서조립체 (26)가 설치되어 있다.
[92] 상기로터 (50)의메인마그넷 (12)과대향하여에어갭을갖고배치된
스테이터 (40)는내주부가지지축 (1)에고정설치되어있다.
[93] 본발명의일실시예에따른스테이터 (40)는도 W에도시된바와같이 ,
스테이터코어 (15),스테이터절연필름 (16),제 1및제 2스테이터
인슐레이터 (16a, 16b),스테이터어셈블리브라켓 (17)및스테이터코일 (18)을 포함하고있다.
[94] 스테이터코어 (15)와스테이터어셈블리브라켓 (17)은도 9a내지도 9c에
도시된바와같이분리형으로구성되거나,일체형으로구성될수있다.
[95] 스테이터코어 (15)는도 9c에도시된바와같이,복수의티스 (teeth) (즉,코일
권선부) (15b)가링형태의요크 (몸체) (15a)로부터방사방향으로연장된구조를 가진다.
[96] 스테이터코어 (15)의티스 (15b)와요크 (몸체) (15a)에는스테이터
절연필름 (16)과제 1및제 2스테이터인슐레이터 (16a, 16b)대신에절연을위해 열경화성수지，예를들어폴리에스터와같은 BMC(Bulk Molding Compound) 몰딩재또는열가소성수지로인서트몰딩하여보빈과스테이터지지체를 형성함에의해일체화될수있다.이경우,상기스테이터코어 (15)의티스 (15b)는 로터의메인마그넷 (12)과대향한부분을제외하고스테이터코일 (18)이 권선되는영역을정의하는보빈을일체로형성할수있다.
[97] 또한,상기절연성보빈과스테이터지지체는스테이터코어 (15)와일체로
형성되거나,보빈이별도로형성되어조립된후, 3상 (U,V,W)스테이터
코일 (18)이권선된구조를가질수있다.상기스테이터절연필름 (16)과제 1및 제 2스테이터인슐레이터 (16a, 16b)는스테이터의절연성보빈과스테이터 지지체와동일한역할을한다.
[98] 상기스테이터절연필름 (16)은스테이터코어 (15)에조립될때,로터의메인 마그넷 (11)과대향한외주면을제외한 4측면을둘러싸도록대략직사각통 형상으로이루어지는박막의절연필름으로이루어질수있으며,코일 (18)이 티스 (15b)에권선될때절연상태를유지한다.
[99] 제 1및제 2스테이터인슐레이터 (16a, 16b)는코일 (18)이티스 (15b)에권선될때, 복수의티스 (15b)와환형요크 (15a)를일측및타측에서커버하도록스테이터 코어 (15)의양측에서조립되어끼움결합방식으로고정된다.제 1및제 2스테이터 인슐레이터 (16a, 16b)는코일 (18)이티스 (15b)에권선된경우스테이터
절연필름 (16)과함께절연상태를유지한다.
[10이 제 1및제 2스테이터인슐레이터 (16a, 16b)는각각복수의티스 (15b)와환형
요크 (15a)에대응하도록환형몸체와상기환형몸체로부터방사상으로 뻗어있는복수의연장돌기부를포함하고있다.
[101] 또한,상기제 1스테이터인슐레이터 (16a)는환형몸체의내측방향으로환형 연장부가연장형성되어있다.더욱이,상기제 1스테이터인슐레이터 (16a)에는 3상 (U,V,W)코일 (18)을스타 (star)결선 (즉, Y-결선)방식으로결선할때, 중성점 (Neutral Point)을형성하기위한공통터미널이인서트몰딩되어 3개의 공통터미널단자가제 1스테이터인슐레이터 (16a)의상부로돌출될수있다.
[102] 상기제 1스테이터인슐레이터 (16a)의환형몸체에는필요에따라어느하나의 티스 (15b)에권선후다른티스에코일을권선하기위해텐션을유지하면서다른 티스로이동하거나권선방향을바꾸려고할때가이드역할을하는복수의권선 가이드돌기를구비할수있다.
[103] 또한,상기제 1스테이터인슐레이터 (16a)의환형몸체에는인버터회로 (150)(도 l id참조)의 3상 (U,V,W)출력이연결되는 U상, W상및 V상
터미널단자 (UT,WT,VT)가간격을두고배치될수있다.
[104] 상기 U상, W상및 V상터미널단자 (UT,WT,VT)는각각 3개의버스바고정너트 중하나와제 1스테이터인슐레이터 (16a)내부적으로연결될수있다. 3개의 버스바고정너트에는각각버스바 (bus bar)용볼트가체결되어 있다.따라서 , 인버터회로 (150)의 3상 (U,V,W)출력은하우징 (30)의외부로부터케이블 (292)을 통하여내부로도입된후 3개의버스바 (bus bar)용볼트에연결됨에따라 U상,
W상및 V상터미널단자 (1117^1^1^1안정되게연결될수있다.
[105] 상기스테이터코일 (18)을형성하기위해티스에권선되는와이어는예를들어, 외주에쓸리우레탄이코팅된 UEW(Poly urethane Enameled Wire)에나멜선또는 쓸리에스테르이미드가코팅된 EIW (Polyesterimide Enameled Wire)에나멜선을 사용할수있다.
[106] 상기스테이터 (40)는하우징 (30)의외부로부터모터구동에필요한 3상 (U,V,W) 구동신호를전달하는 3개의와이어가하나의케이블에내장되어하우징 (30) 내부로도입된후, 3상 (U,V,W)스테이터코일 (18)과각각연결될수있다.
[107] 이경우,본발명에따른구동장치 (100)는일체형스테이터코어 (15)대신에
복수의분할코어를이용하여 3상 (U,V,W)스테이터코일 (18)을권선한후, 몰딩용수지를사용하여환형으로일체화하면서스테이터지지체를동시에 형성하는분할코어방식으로구성될수있다.
[108] 상기스테이터 (40)는,도 W에도시된실시예와같이스테이터코어 (15)와
스테이터어셈블리브라켓 (17)가분리된구조를갖는경우,스테이터코어 (15)에 스테이터절연필름 ( 16)과제 !및제 2스테이터인슐레이터 (16a, 16b)를조립한후, 티스 (15b)에 3상 (U,V,W)스테이터코일 (18)을권선한상태에서스테이터 어셈블리브라켓 (17)과끼움결합에의해조립될수있다.즉,도 9c에도시된바와 같이상기스테이터어셈블리브라켓 (17)의외주에는결합요홈 (17g)이축방향과 평행하게형성되고,스테이터코어 (15)의내주부에는결합요홈 (17g)에
결합되도록축방향과평행하게결합돌기 (15c)가형성되어 있다.
[109] 이경우,스테이터어셈블리브라켓 (17)은금속재로이루어지며외륜 (17c)과 내륜 (보스) (17a)이복수의브릿지 (17b)로연결된구조를가질수있다.스테이터 어셈블리브라켓 (17)은예를들어 ,알루미늄합금을이용한다이케스팅방식으로 2020/175882 1»（：1^1{2020/002682 제작되거나,텅스텐소재를이용하여분말야금법으로성형될수있다.
[110] 복수의브릿지 (17비는스테이터 어셈블리브라켓 (17)내부에요홈 (17¾을
형성하도록일측으로편향되어 외륜 (17이과내륜 (보스) (17 을연결하도록 위치해 있으며,상기요홈에는선기어 (10)의 연장부 (10幻가연장되어 내측에 상기 제 3베어링 (6 과제 4베어링 (6(1)을수용하고,외측에로터 센싱
마그넷 (11)이 배치되어 있다.
[111] 또한,내륜 (보스) (17 은지지축 (1)과결합될때 넓은접촉면적을확보하도록 커버 (3)를향하여돌출되어 있다.
[112] 상기스테이터 어셈블리브라켓 (17)은스테이터 (40)를지지축 (1)에고정시키기 위한연결부역할을한다.이를위해상기스테이터 어셈블리브라켓 (17)의 중앙에 위치한관통구멍 (17句에는지지축 (1)의 외주에키 (1^ )(25)를이용한 키결합방식으로결합될수있도록키결합용요홈 (17:0이 형성되어 있다.
[113] 상기스테이터 어셈블리브라켓 (17)은내륜 (보스) (17幻이도 에도시된바와 같이 키 (25)를이용하여지지축 (1)에고정되는것 이외에스플라인결합방식으로 지지축 (1)에고정결합될수있다.
[114] 또한,본발명에 따른스테이터 (40)는스테이터코어 (15)와스테이터 어셈블리 브라켓 (17)이 일체화된일체형코어프레임을사용할수있으며,박막의 규소강판을복수개적층하여 이루어질수있다.일체형코어프레임은환형 요크 (15幻의외주에복수의티스 (15비가방사상으로연장되고,환형요크 (15幻의 내측에지지축 (1)과결합되는내륜 (보스) (17 이복수의브릿지 (17비를통하여 연결된구조를가질수있다.
[115] 본발명에 따른전기자전거용허브타입구동장치 (100)는예를들어, 20극싱글 로터 (50)와 18슬롯옌 )구조의싱글스테이터 (40)로구성되는 구조의 전동모터 (110)로구성될수있다.스테이터 (40)는 3상 (11 , )스테이터 코일 (18)이스테이터코어 (15)의티스 (15비에권선되어 있으며,하우징 (30)의 외부또는내부에 설치된모터구동회로로부터 3상 (11 , )스테이터코일 (18)에 예를들어, 6 -스텝 ( 머제어방식으로구동신호를인가하도록케이블을통하여 전달될수있다.
[116] 상기：81 구조의 전동모터 (110)는 3상 (11 , )구동방식으로구동될때, 예를들어,로터위치검출소자로서홀 (1¾11)센서를이용하여로터 (50)의 회전위치를감지할수있다.이를위해로터 센싱마그넷 (11)이선기어 (10)의 연장부 (10幻에설치되어 있으며,로터 (50)가회전될때센싱마그넷 (11)과 대향하여 위치된홀센서조립체 (26)에 의해로터 (50)의 회전위치를감지할수 있다.
[117] 로터 센싱마그넷 (11)은예를들어,로터 (50)와동시에회전되며로터 (50)의 메인마그넷 (12)과동일한극성으로 20극이분할착자된마그넷구조를가지며, 메인마그넷 (12)과동일한회전각도에동일한극성의마그넷이 배치된다.
[118] 로터의위치신호를검출하는로터위치검출소자는 3상구동방식인경우,예를 2020/175882 1»（：1^1{2020/002682 들어, 2개또는 3개의홀 (1¾11)소자를사용할수있다.홀센서조립체 (26)는 인쇄회로기판 (1(피에 3개의홀센서와주변회로소자가실장된구조를가지고, 로터센싱마그넷 (11)과대향한위치,예를들어,스테이터어셈블리
브라켓 (17)에부착되어고정될수있다.
[119] 상기홀센서조립체 (26)는홀 (1¾11)소자가로터 (50)가회전할때이에동기하여 회전되는로터센싱마그넷 (11)의자극변화를검출하여모터구동회로로 전송한다.
[12이 상기모터구동회로의제어부는홀센서조립체 (26)의홀 (¾11)소자가로터센싱 마그넷 (19)의자극변화를검출하여전송하면,이에기초하여하기표 1에기재된 6 -스텝 ( ]3)제어방식의논리테이블에기초하여구동신호를발생한다.
[121] 또한,커버 (3)의중앙내측에는하우징센싱 ᅵ_그넷 (19)이설치되어 있으며, 상기홀센서조립체 (26)에는하우징센싱마그넷 (19)의회전여부를검출하기 위한홀 (1¾11)소자가장착되어커버 ,즉하우징 (30)이회전할때이를검출하여 전기자전거의시스템콘트롤러 (290)에전송한다.
[122] 상기시스템콘트롤러 (290)는홀센서조립체 (26)에서하우징센싱마그넷 (19)의 회전수를검출함에의해하우징 (30)의회전속도를산출하며,전기자전거용 구동장치 (100)가 방식의전기자전거에적용되는경우라면,전기자전거의 최고속도가 25101^미만으로유지하도록전동모터 (110)의구동을제어한다.
[123] 이하에
Figure imgf000016_0001
참고하여본발명에따른전동모터의동작에
대하여설명한다.
[124] 본발명에따른전동모터 (110)는예를들어, 18슬롯 20폴방식의모터로서, 스테이터 (40)와스테이터 (40)의외부에간격을두고배치된로터 (50)를 포함한다.도시된실시예설명에서는스테이터 (40)의외측에로터 (50)가배치된 아웃터로터모터를예를들어설명하나,본발명은이와반대로로터가 스테이터의내측에배치되는인너로터모터에도적용될수있다.
[125] 상기로터 (50)는복수개 (20개)의서로다른극성어극및 3극)을가지는
마그넷 (즉,폴) (211-230)이순차적으로환형으로백요크 (13)에부착된구조로 구현될수있다.
[126] 스테이터코어 (15)는도
Figure imgf000016_0002
및도吹에도시된바와같이,선단부가 1자
형상으로이루어진복수개 (18개)의티스 (111128)가환형의요크 (15幻로부터 방사상으로연장된일체형스테이터코어로구현되거나,선단부가 I자형상으로 이루어지고후단부가상호조립연결되어환형의요크를형성하는복수 개 (18개)의분할코어로구현될수있다.
[127] 본발명은스테이터 (40)에서코일이권선되고자기회로경로를형성하는
스테이터코어 (15)는상기한바와같이,일체형코어또는분할코어를사용할수 있다.
[128] 따라서,설명의편의상티스,분할코어,또는티스와티스사이에형성되는 슬롯은특별한경우를제외하고서로동일한의미로사용하며,동일한 2020/175882 1»（：1^1{2020/002682 부재번호 (111128)를부여한다.
[129] 싱글로터방식의：81 전동모터에포함되는로터 (50)를구현하는
마그넷 (폴)의개수와티스 (슬롯)의개수는 18슬롯 20폴이외에다양한조합의 개수를가질수있다.
[13이 이하에본발명에따라코일이인접한 3개의티스에각상별로교대로권선된 모터 (이하“ 3결선구조모터”라한다)의설계방법에대하여설명한다.
[131] 우선,본발명에따른 3결선구조모터를설계할때스테이터의슬롯옌 )과
로터의마그넷 (자극)은예를들어, 18슬롯 20폴비율로설정될수있다.따라서, 본발명에서는슬롯수와폴수의비율이 10%정도의차이가발생되며,이로 인하여로터의회전시에발생되는코깅은 1선결선방식과비교하여크게 감소하며,코어와코어 (즉,슬롯과슬롯)사이의간격은좁게설정되며,그결과 마그넷과코어 (즉,티스)사이의대향하는유효면적이증가하여효율증대를 도모할수있게된다.
[132] 상기로터 (50)는 N극마그넷 (211,213, 215, 217, 219, 221, 223, 225, 227, 229)과 3극 마그넷 (212, 214, 216, 218, 220, 222, 224, 226, 228, 230)이교대로배치되고,각각 인접한마그넷사이의자기회로통로를이루도록외주에환형의백요크 (13)가 구비되어 있다.
[133] 스테이터 (40)가 18슬롯 20폴구조일때, 3상 (11 , )스테이터코일 (18)은도 내지도 11(1에도시된바와같이, ¼\¥각상마다 6개의
코일 (1끄-116,\¥1-\¥6,\^1-¥6)을포함하며, ¼\¥각상의
코일 (111-116,\¥1-\¥6,\ -¥6)은인접한 3개의티스에연속적으로권선되어하나의 코어그룹을형성하며,전체적으로 6개의제 1내지제 6코어그룹 ((31~06)을 형성한다.
[134] 만약,스테이터가 9의배수인 27슬롯인경우,각상마다 9개의
Figure imgf000017_0001
포함하며,인접한 3개의티스에연속적으로 권선되어 9개의코어그룹 ((31~09)을형성한다.
[135]
Figure imgf000017_0003
제 6코어그룹 6)은도 1比와같이스테이터코어 (15)의중심을기준으로서로 대향한위치에배치가이루어지게된다.
[136] 또한,본발명의스테이터 (40)는 3상 (11 , )스테이터
코일 (111-116, \¥1-\¥6,¥1-¥6)을 결선방식으로결선하며, 1 각상의 스테이터코일 (111-116, \¥1-\¥6,\^1 6)은각상의일측 (스타트단자)은도 11(1와 같이모터구동회로를구성하는인버터회로 (150)의
Figure imgf000017_0002
출력에연결되고,각 상의타측 (엔드단자)은상호결선되어중성점어!5; Neutral모0_을형성한다.
[137] 이경우, 3상 (11 , )코일 (1끄-116, 1- 6,\^1-¥6)을ᅡ결선방식으로결선할때, 2020/175882 1»（：1^1{2020/002682 중성점 ( )을형성하기위한공통터미널이제 1스테이터 인슐레이터 (16幻에 인서트몰딩되고공통터미널로부터 제 1스테이터 인슐레이터 (16幻의상부로 3개의 공통터미널단자가돌출되어 각상의 타측 (엔드단자)은 3개의
공통터미널단자에 연결될수있다.
[138] 또한,인접한 3개의 티스에 연속적으로권선되는 6개의코어그룹 ((31~06)은 각각예를들어, II상코어그룹 ((31)의코일 (111-113)인경우,티스 (111-113)에 와이어가순방향,역방향,순방향으로권선되어 있어,각코어그룹내부의각 티스는상호반대방향의자속이발생된다.
[139] 또한,스테이터 (40)전체적으로보면 18개의티스 (111^28)는,인접한티스 사이에상호반대방향의자속이발생되도록선택적인구동신호가
모터구동회로의 제어부 (도시되지 않음)로부터발생되어 인버터회로 (150)를 통하여 3상코일 인가된다.
[140] 11 \¥각상의
Figure imgf000018_0001
은 2개의코어그룹이 병렬접속되어 각코어그룹의 입력은인버터회로 (150)의
Figure imgf000018_0002
출력에공통연결되고,각 코어그룹의출력은 3개의 공통터미널단자 (0 3)에 공통연결되어
중성점어 을형성한다.
[141] 즉, 상의코일 (111-116)은 3개의코일 (111-113)로이루어진제 1코어그룹 ((31)과 3개의코일 (114-116)로이루어진제 4코어그룹必4)이 입력과출력이 각각공통 연결되고, 상코일 (\V1-W6)과 V상코일에 6)도동일하게 3개의
코일 (\vl-w3)로이루어진제 2코어그룹 2)과 3개의코일 (\v4-w6)로이루어진 제 5코어그룹 5)이 입력과출력이각각공통연결되며 , 3개의코일에 크)로 이루어진제 3코어그룹 3)과 3개의코일 0/4-¥6)로이루어진제 6코어그룹 6)이 입력과출력이각각공통연결되어 있다.
[142] 본발명에 따른 3결선방법으로권선된스테이터 (40)는,도 1 에도시된바와 같이, 18개의 티스 (111-128)에 각상의코일 (!끄-116,\¥1-\¥6,\^1-¥6)이 권선되어 제 1내지 제 6코어그룹 ((31~06)이순차적으로배열되어 있다.
[143] 본발명에서는도 1 와같이,하나의 와이어를사용하여 티스 (111-113)에 II상의 제 1코어그룹 ((31)을권선한후,티스 ^ )에 상의
제 2코어그룹 2)을권선하고,이어서 티스 (123125)에 \¥상의
제 5코어그룹 5)을권선한후,티스 (128126)에 ¥상의 제 6코어그룹必6)을 권선하며,이어서 티스 ( 幻에 ¥상의 제 3코어그룹必3)을권선한후, 티스 (122-120)에 II상의제 4코어그룹 4)을연속권선하여코일권선이 완료된다.
[144] 상기한바와같이,본발명에서는하나의와이어를사용하여티스 (111)에 II상 제 1코어그룹 (<31)에 대한권선을시작하여 II상제 4코어그룹 4)의 티스 (120)에 대한권선을종료할때까지 연속하여 권선하면코일권선이완료된다.
[145] 그결과,본발명에서는동일한상 (相)내의 6개티스에 권선된코일과코일사이 그리고다른상의코일사이에 어떤연결도요구되지 않는다. [146] 이경우,각코어그룹 (G1-G6)에포함된 3티스에권선되는코일의권선방향은 순방향,역방향,순방향으로권선이이루어진다.또한, 상의제 1코어그룹 (G1)의 코일 (U1,U2,U3)을권선한후, W상의제 2코어그룹 (G2)의코일 (W3,W2,W1)을 권선할때는뒤에위치한티스 (T16)에서앞에있는티스 (T14)방향으로 권선한다.같은방식으로 W상의제 5코어그룹 (G5)과 V상의제 6코어그룹 (G6),
V상의제 3코어그룹 (G3)과 U상의제 4코어그룹 (G4)도동일하게코일을 권선한다.
[147] 또한, 상의제 1코어그룹 (G1)의코일 (U3)로부터 W상의제 2코어그룹 (G2)의 코일 (w3)로이동하는과정에는공통터미널의 3개의공통터미널단자 (C1-C3)중 하나에와이어래핑 (wire wrapping)방법으로 1회권선하는단계를거침에의해 제 1코어그룹 (G1)과제 2코어그룹 (G2)의일단부가중성점 (NP)에자연스럽게 연결되도록한다.
[148] 이경우,코일을형성하기위해티스에권선되는와이어는예를들어,외주에 쓸리우레탄이코팅된 UEW (Polyurethane Enameled Wire)에나멜선,
쓸리에스테르이미드가코팅된 EIW (Polyesterimide Enameled Wire)에나멜선 또는쓸리에스터가코팅된 PEW(Polyester Enameled Wire)에나멜선을
사용하므로,공통터미널단자 (COM)에와이어래핑 (wire wrapping)한후솔더링을 실시하면와이어와공통터미널단자 (COM)사이에전기적인접속이쉽게 이루어지게된다.
[149] 상기와같이본발명에서는 3결선방법으로일체형스테이터코어의티스에 3상코일을권선할때,한번에모든코일권선이연속됨에따라결선부위없이 코일권선이이루어질수있다.
[150] 그러나,본발명의코일권선방법은이에한정되지않고나누어서권선하는 것도가능하다.상호인접한 2개의코어그룹씩 예를들어,인접한 6개의티스에 연속권선방법으로권선하여 2개의코어그룹 (G1,G2; G3,G4; G5,G6)마다 나누어서 3번에걸쳐서권선이이루어질수있다.
[151] 상기한바와같이,본발명에따른전동모터 (110)는도 l id과같이, U상의
제 1코어그룹 (G1)과제 4코어그룹 (G4)이입력과출력이각각공통연결되고,
W상의제 2코어그룹 (G2)과제 5코어그룹 (G5)이입력과출력이각각공통 연결되며, V상의제 3코어그룹 (G3)과제 6코어그룹 (G6)이입력과출력이각각 공통연결되어,각상의코일이병렬접속구조를가짐에따라스테이터 코일 (18)의저항도최소화할수있다.
[152] 또한,본발명에서는스테이터코어의티스 (T11-T28)에 3상
코일 (U1-U6,W1-W6,V1-V6)을권선할때,가는직경의와이어 2가닥을사용하여 권선을진행할수있다.이경우,각코어그룹 (G1-G6)의입력과출력은 U상, W상 및 V상터미널단자 (UT,WT,VT)와공통터미널단자 (C1-C3)에공통연결되므로, 병렬회로를구성하여스테이터코일 (18)의저항을최소화할수있다.
[153] 일반적으로저항 (R)은길이 (1)에비례하고단면적 (S)에반비례한다.따라서 ,각 코어그룹사이에병렬접속이이루어진스테이터코일 (18)의전체저항은 직력접속구조와비교할때대략 1/2로감소하게된다.그결과,동손 (copper loss, coil loss)은저항 RQ인도체에전류 (I)가흐를때 (P = PR)의에너지가열로 발생하기때문에생기는현상으로,에너지손실은온도상승의원인이된다.
[154] 그결과,본발명에서는스테이터코일 (18)의저항이작아짐에따라
저항 (resistance)과동손 (coil loss)을줄여서코일온도를낮추고효율은
증대시키는것이가능하다.또한,스테이터코일 (18)의저항을낮출수있어 순시파워 (Instantaneous power)가요구되는구동장치에서전력상승을도모할수 있다.
[155] 또한,본발명에서는가는직경의와이어를 2가닥권선방식으로권선하며,이에 의해원하는코일턴 (turn)수를확보함에따라원하는고속 RPM을구현할수 있어구동장치의성능향상을도모할수있게된다.
[156] 이하에상기한도 11a내지도 l id를참고하여본발명의 3결선방법에따라 설계된전동모터 (H0)에대한동작을하기표 1을참고하여설명한다.하기표 1은 6 -스텝 (step)제어방식으로 BLDC전동모터 (110)를구동할때인버터 회로 (150)의스위칭소자 (FET1-FET6)를선택적으로활성화할때적용되는 모터구동회로에구비된제어부 (도시되지않음)의논리테이블이다.
[157] [표 1]
Figure imgf000020_0003
[158]
Figure imgf000020_0001
회전위치가 0ᄋ일때의 상태를나타낸것으로,
Figure imgf000020_0002
제어방식으로기계각 12ᄋ마다스테이터 코일 (111-116,\^1 6；\¥1-\¥6)에흐르는전류의방향을절환하여인가함에의해 해당스테이터코일 (111-116, \ -¥6,\¥1-\¥6)을선택적으로활성화하여회전 자기장이발생된다.
[159] 모터구동회로는제어부 (도시되지않음)와인버터회로 (150)를포함하며, 2020/175882 1»（：1^1{2020/002682 인버터회로 (150)는 3쌍의전력스위칭소자 -므£ 6)가각각토템폴 접속되어구성되며，상측므 내 方)와하측므 ) 사이의접속점으로부터각상의출력 (11 , )이발생되어：미그)(：전동
모터 (110)의스테이터코일 (!끄-116,\^1-¥6, 1- 6)로인가된다.
[16이 61^)(：전동모터 (110)가 3상구동방식인경우스테이터 (40)는도 11(1와같이각 상마다병렬접속된 6개의코일 ( 1-113,114-116, ¥1-¥3,¥4-¥6, 1- 3, 4- 6)을 포함하고,예를들어,스타 ( 때)결선구조인경우,코일의타단은상호연결되어 중성점어 을형성한다.
[161] 상기：81 전동모터 (110)는로터 (50)의위치신호에기초하여토템폴접속된 3쌍의스위칭소자중 2개의스위칭소자를선택적으로구동하여 II상, \상, 상 코일 (!끄-113,114-116,¥1-¥3,¥4-¥6,\¥1-\¥3,\¥4-\¥6)중 2개상의코일에전류를 순차적으로인가함에의해 2개상의스테이터코일을순차적으로여자시켜서 회전자계를발생함에따라로터의회전이이루어진다.즉, 1개상의코일에는 인버터회로 (150)의출력으로부터구동신호가인가되고,다른 1개상의코일에는 중성점어 을통하여인가된다.
[162] 모터구동회로의제어부 (도시되지않음)는각각의각도에서홀소자 (바-¾)에 의해로터 (50)의위치신호가검출되면,상기표 1에따라인버터회로 (150)는
1쌍의스위칭소자 £1')를턴온시켜전류흐름경로를설정한다.
[163] 예를들어,도 11(1와같이홀소자田1선3)가로터 (50)의극성을” 3 "로
검출하면,제어부는상기표 1에따라로터 (50)의회전위치가 0ᄋ인것으로 판단하여,상측의므 3과하측의므£ 2를턴온시키도록구동신호를인가하면, 전류가므 3 -병렬접속 ¥상코일에 3)/(¥4-¥6) -중성점 -병렬접속 \¥상 코일 (\¥3-\¥1)/(\¥6-\¥4)不 2를경유하여접지로흐른다.
[164] 이에따라,티스 (117)는내측방향의자속이발생되고,티스 (118)는외측
방향을향하는자속이발생되며,티스 (119)는내측방향을향하는자속이 발생되어 ,화살표로표시된바와같이자기회로가설정되고,로터 (50)는 시계방향으로회전이이루어지게된다.
Figure imgf000021_0002
발생되고있다.
[166] 또한,티스 (^ ^幻의우측부분보다
부분이로터 (50)의대향하는마그넷 (217
Figure imgf000021_0001
반대극성으로대향하여배치됨에따라티스 (117-119)와로터 (50)사이에는작은 흡인력이발생되고있다.
[167] 따라서,티스 (^ ^幻와로터 (50)사이에는작은흡인력과큰반발력이동시에 발생되고있으므로,로터 (50)를시계방향으로회전시켜주는작용이일어난다. 2020/175882 1»（：1^1{2020/002682
[168] 되며
Figure imgf000022_0002
하여 배치됨에따라티스 -^ 와로터 (50)사이에는흡인력과반발력이발생되어 로터 (50)를시계방향으로회전시켜주는작용이동시에일어난다.
[169] 더욱이, \상코일 0/1 3)이 3결선된티스 ( 幻와 \¥상코일 (\V3-W1)이 3결선된티스 (114-116)의대향한위치에배치된 ¥상코일 4 6)이 3결선된 티스 (126-128)와 \¥상코일 (\¥6-\¥4)이 3결선된티스 (123125)와로터 (50) 사이에도상기와동일하게반발력및흡인력이발생되어로터 (50)를밀어주고 당겨주는작용에의해로터 (50)를시계방향으로회전시킨다.
[17이 그후,로터 (50)가기계각으로 12ᄋ만큼회전하여 ,홀소자 (바선3)가로터 (50)의 극성을 "로검출하게되며,이에따라제어부는상기표 1에따라
로터 (50)의회전위치가기계각으로 12ᄋ인것으로판단한다.이에따라제어부가, 상측의므 3과하측의 시키도록구동신호를인가하면,전류가 므 3 -병렬접속 ¥상코
Figure imgf000022_0001
라 -중성점 -병렬접속 II상
코일 (113-111)/(116-114) -므 4를경유하여접지로흐른다.
[171] 상기한바와같이,본발명에따른전동모터 (110)는각코어그룹 ((31신6)은각 상의연속된 3개의티스중중간에위치한티스에역방향코일권선이이루어져 있고,각구동단계 ( £머마다회전축을중심으로대칭으로양측에배치된인접한 2개의코어그룹,즉,한쌍의연속된 6개의티스는활성화되고,한쌍의연속된
6개의티스사이에배치된연속된 3개의티스는비활성화상태를갖게된다.
[172] 예를들어,도 1 와같이로터 (50)의회전위치가 0ᄋ인경우, V상
코일에 3)이 3결선된티스 ( 八즉, 03)와 \¥상코일 (\¥1-\¥3)이 3결선된 티스 즉, 02), V상코일 0/4 6)이 3결선된티스 (126-128)(즉, 06)와 상코일 (\V4-W6)이 3결선된티스 (123-125)(즉, 05)는활성화되고, 상 코일 (111-113)이 3결선된티스 (1'11-113)(즉, (31)와코일 (114-116)이 3결선된 티스 (120-122)(즉, 04)는비활성화상태로설정된다.
[173] 이경우,상기인접한 2개의코어그룹마다구동신호가인가되어활성화될때 2개의코어그룹에포함된 6개의티스는서로반대방향으로자속을발생한다. 또한,상기활성화가이루어지는인접한 2개의코어그룹중하나의
코어그룹에는구동신호가해당코일의스타트 ( 0抗)단자로부터인가되고,다른 하나의코어그룹에는해당코일의엔드 11(¾단자로부터인가된다.
[174] 또한,활성화가이루어지는연속된 6개의티스는로터 (50)와의사이에티스의 좌측은서로반대극성으로설정되어흡인력에의해로터 (50)를회전방향으로 당겨주고티스의우측은서로동일극성으로설정됨에따라반발력에의해 로터 (50)를회전방향으로밀어주는작용이이루어진다. WO 2020/175882 PCT/KR2020/002682
[175] 즉, 4개코어그룹의각각연속된 3개의티스모두가대향한로터 (50)의
마그넷을동일한방향으로회전시키는자속을발생하여로터에대한효과적인 힘전달이이루어지게된다.
[176] 또한,본발명에서는연속된 6개의티스가동시에활성화가이루어지고, 활성화된 6개의티스는서로반대방향으로자속을발생하고있어 ,스테이터의 티스와대향하는로터 (50)에서인접한 S극및 N극마그넷사이의경계면이 배치될때에도자속손실없이효과적인자기회로경로가설정되어로터 (50)를 회전구동시키며,그결과인접한 S극및 N극마그넷의모서리를라운딩처리 없이분할착자된마그넷을사용할수있어티스 (T11-T28)와대응하는 마그넷 (211-230)의유효면적이커지게되고효율상승을도모할수있다.
[177] 또한,본발명에서는한쌍의연속된 6개의분할코어가인접한분할코어
사이에서로반대방향으로자속이발생되도록코일권선이이루어지고, 구동신호가인가됨에따라,티스와티스사이의슬롯간격을작게설정할지라도 코깅에따른자속누설이발생하지않고마그넷과코어 (즉,티스)사이의 유효면적을늘려서누설자속을줄여줌에따라효율증대를도모할수있다.
[178] 종래에는슬롯과슬롯사이의오프닝 (opening)폭을넓게하고외주면을
라운드 (R)처리하는것이요구되었으나,본발명에서는각티스는라운드 처리하지않고, 18개의티스전체가형성하는하나의외측원에일치하도록 곡률이설정될지라도코깅이크게발생하지않게된다.그결과,마그넷과 코어 (티스)사이의유효면적을최대로늘려서누설자속을줄여줌에따라효율 증대를도모할수있다.
[179] 본발명에따른전동모터 (110)는 3결선방법으로일체형스테이터코어의 티스에 3상코일을권선할때,한번에모든코일권선이연속됨에따라결선부위 없이코일권선이이루어질수있다.이경우,도 11c에도시된실시예에서는각 코어그룹 (G1 G6)이스테이터코어의티스 (T11-T28)에 G1-G6순서로 시계방향으로배치되도록권선하는것이나,코어그룹을 G1-G3-G5-G4-G6-G2의 순서로시계방향으로배치하는것도가능하다.
[18이 도 11a에도시된실시예설명에서는스테이터코어의티스 (T11-T28)에코일을 권선할때, G1-G2-G5-G6-G3-G4의순서대로권선하는것을예시하였으나, G1-G3-G5-G4-G6-G2의순서로코어그룹을배치하고 G1-G2-G5-G3-G6-G4의 순서대로코일을권선하는것도가능하다.
[181] 본발명에서는도 11c에도시된바와같이, U상코어그룹, W상코어그룹, V상 코어그룹의순서대로 3권선코일을배치하는대신에 U상코어그룹, V상 코어그룹, W상코어그룹의순서대로 3권선코일을배치하는것도가능하다.
[182] 이하에본발명에따른전기자전거용허브타입구동장치 (100)의변속기 (120) 구성을상세하게설명한다.
[183] 상기변속기 (120)는전동모터 (110)의고속회전속도를저속으로감소시키는 감속기로서고정비의변속이이루어지는단순유성기어장치또는다단 2020/175882 1»（：1^1{2020/002682 변속장치로형성될수있다.
[184] 본발명에따른전기자전거용허브타입구동장치 (100)의변속기 (120)에
적용되는고정비변속의유성기어장치는선기어 (10),복수의유성기어 (8), 링기어 (7)및캐리어 (9)를포함하고있다.유성기어장치가선기어입력,링기어 출력,캐리어고정의구조를가지는경우,감속비가 (-)링기어잇수/선기어 잇수로결정되는역방향감속된출력이얻어진다.
[185] 본발명의변속기 (120)는전동모터 (110)의로터 (50)출력이로터브라켓 (14)을 통하여이에연결된선기어 (10)에전달된다.즉,로터브라켓 (14)의내륜 (14이과 선기어 (10)로부터연장된연장부 (10幻사이에복수의고정볼트 (21)가체결되어 상호연결이이루어진다.
[186] 상기연장부 (10幻와지지축 (1)사이에는한쌍의제 3및제 4베어링 (此, 6(1)이 설치되고,선기어 (10)의중앙부는지지축 (1)을중심으로회전가능하게결합되어 있어,스테이터 (40)의회전자계에의해로터 (50)가회전될때선기어 (10)는 로터 (50)와동일한방향으로회전이이루어진다.
[187] 상기선기어 (10)의외주에는 3개의유성기어 (8)가결합되어있으며, 3개의 유성기어 (8)는각각개별적인회전축 (9幻에베어링 (20)을통하여회전가능하게 지지되어 있고, 3개의회전축 (9幻은캐리어 (즉,유성기어브라켓) (9)에일단이 고정되어 있다.이에따라상기 3개의유성기어 (8)와캐리어 (즉,유성기어 브라켓) (9)는도 5에도시된바와같이일체화되어유성기어어셈블리 (60)를 형성한다.
[188] 또한,캐리어 (즉,유성기어브라켓) (9)는회전이방지되도록중앙부가
지지축 (1)의외주에키 (1^)(25)를이용한키결합방식으로결합되어고정되어 있다.
[189] 따라서, 3개의유성기어 (8)는선기어 (10)의회전에따라회전축 (9幻을중심으로 자전은가능하나공전은이루어지못하는구조이며,상기선기어 (10)의 일방향 (예를들어, 방향)회전시에 3개의유성기어 (8)는반대방향 (즉,
Figure imgf000024_0001
방향)의회전이이루어진다.
[190] 상기 3개의유성기어 (8)는링기어 (7)에내접되어기어결합하고있으며,
링기어 (7)의외주는링기어브라켓 (4)에결합되어있다.상기링기어브라켓 (4)은 링기어 (7)가수용되어지지되는외륜 (4&)，외륜 (4幻보다작은원으로이루어진 내륜 (4 및상기외륜 (4幻과내륜 (4 사이를연결하는복수의브릿지 (4비를 포함하고있다.상기링기어 (7)와링기어브라켓 (4)은일체화되어링기어 어셈블리 (70)를형성한다.
[191] 상기링기어브라켓 (4)의내륜 (4 과하우징 (30),즉훨 (2)로부터내부공간으로 연장된환형의클러치고정부 (2幻사이에는원웨이베어링으로이루어진 클러치 (5)가설치되어 있다.즉,원웨이베어링의외륜은링기어브라켓 (4)의 내륜 (4이에연결되고,원웨이베어링의내륜은클러치고정부 (2幻에연결되어 있다. WO 2020/175882 PCT/KR2020/002682
[192] 상기클러치 (5)는예를들어,원웨이클러치 (One-Way Clutch)와볼베어링이 내장된구조로서,외륜과내륜은각각링기어브라켓 (4)의내륜 (4c)과클러치 고정부 (2a)에압입또는키고정의방식으로설치될수있다.또한,원-웨이 클러치는캠클러치 (Cam Clutch)를적용할수있다.
[193] 상기 3개의유성기어 (8)의자전 (예를들어, CW방향)이발생할때,링기어 (7)와 링기어브라켓 (4)은유성기어 (8)와동일한방향 (CW방향)의회전이이루어진다.
[194] 이하에본발명에따른전기자전거용허브타입구동장치 (100)의동작에
대하여설명한다.
[195] 먼저,스로틀 (Throttle)방식전기자전거는운전자가임의로전동기의출력을 제어할수있는엑셀러레이터 (Accelerator)와같은스로틀 (throttle)이장착된 전기자전거이다.
[196] 본발명의구동장치 (100)가스로틀 (Throttle)방식전기자전거에적용되는경우, 사용자가전기자전거 (200)의조작패널 (284)에서전원 (Power)스위치를 작동시켜서전동모터 (110)를턴-온 (turn-on)시킨후핸들에설치된
엑셀러레이터 (Accelerator)(282)를조작하여가속시키면,전동모터 (110)의 구동에따라로터 (50)와로터브라켓 (14)이동시에 CW방향으로회전하며 ,이에 동기하여변속기 (120)의선기어 (10)도지지축 (1)을중심으로 CW방향으로 회전한다.
[197] 이에따라선기어 (10)에기어결합된 3개의유성기어 (8)는 CCW방향의자전이 이루어지고,이에기어결합된링기어 (7)와링기어브라켓 (4)은유성기어 (8)와 동일한 CCW방향의회전이이루어진다.
[198] 상기링기어브라켓 (4)의 CCW방향의회전은원웨이베어링으로이루어진 클러치 (5)를통하여훨 (2),즉하우징 (30)을 CCW방향으로회전시킨다.
[199] 상기한바와같이,변속기 (120)는선기어 (10)입력,링기어 (7)출력,캐리어 (9) 고정의구조를가지는단순유성기어장치로구성되어 ,감속비가 (-)링기어 잇수/선기어잇수로결정되며,전동모터 (110)의 CW방향출력에대하여역방향 감속된 CCW방향출력을발생한다.
[200] 결국,하우징 (30)과복수의스포크살 (226)을통하여연결되는림 (224)과
타이어 (222)도 CCW방향으로회전되며,이에따라전기자전거 (200)는
전진방향의주행이이루어진다.
[201] 스로틀 (Throttle)방식의전기자전거 (200)는엑셀러레이터 (282)의조작에
비례하여전동모터 (110)의회전속도를증가시키면,이에비례하여
변속기 (120)를거쳐서하우징 (30)에전달되는회전속도도비례하므로
전기자전거의주행속도도증가하게된다.
[202] 한편,사용자가전기자전거 (200)에서하차한후,전기자전거를파킹장소에 거치하도록할때,전동모터 (110)를턴-오프 (tum-off)시킨상태에서
전기자전거를인력으로전진시킬수있다.
[203] 이경우,전동모터 (no)의턴-오프 (tum-off)상태에서전기자전거를전진시키면 2020/175882 1»（：1^1{2020/002682 하우징 (30)은 0：\¥방향으로회전이이루어지며,하우징 (30)과동일방향으로 회전되는원웨이베어링으로이루어진클러치 (5)는하우징 (30)의회전력을 링기어브라켓 (4)에전달하지않고차단한다.
[204] 그결과,전동모터 ( 0)가턴-오프상태일때,전기자전거를전진시키면
클러치 (5)가링기어브라켓 (4)과링기어 (7)의회전을차단하여변속기 (120)의 유성기어장치와전동모터 (1^0)는정지된상태를유지한다.
[205] 또한,사용자가전동모터 ( 0)를턴-오프시킨상태에서전기자전거에서
하차한후,전기자전거를인력으로후진시키는경우,하우징 (30)은 방향으로 회전된다.이경우,클러치 (
브라켓 (4)에전달하며,링기
유성기어 (8)도 방향의
Figure imgf000026_0001
의해선기어 (10)는지지축 (1)을중심으로
Figure imgf000026_0002
방향으로회전한다.
[206] 상기선기어 (10)의〔 ：\¥방향회전은전동모터 (110)의로터브라켓 (14)과
로터 (50)를동시에
Figure imgf000026_0003
방향으로회전시켜로터 (50)가부하로작용하게된다. 그러나,이러한저속의후진은구동장치에손상을가하거나소음발생을 유발하지않는다.
[207] 상기한바와같이,본발명에서는링기어 (7)와링기어브라켓 (4)이
하우징 (30)으로부터분리되어 있으며,링기어브라켓 (4)과하우징 (30)으로부터 돌출된클러치고정부 (2幻사이를원웨이베어링으로이루어진클러치 (5)로 연결함에의해전동모터 (110)의동작 (턴-온)시에만링기어 (7)의출력을 하우징 (30)에전달하고,전동모터 (110)가정지 (턴-오프)시에는하우징 (30)이 전진방향으로회전할지라도링기어 (7)에하우징 (30)의회전력을전달하는것을 차단할수있다.
[208] 그결과,본발명에서는모터정지상태에서사용자가전기자전거에서하차한 후전기자전거를파킹장소에거치하거나,밧데리가모두소모되었거나 사용자의필요에따라사용자가페달링을하여자전거가전진방향으로진행할 때,즉하우징 (30)이전진방향으로회전될때링기어 (7)의회전을차단할수있어 유성기어장치의기어가파손되거나소음이발생되는것을방지할수있다.
[209] 더욱이 ,본발명의구동장치 ( 0«1句방식이외에 ,모쇼 모산산 쇼요 3 111)방식및스로틀 (
Figure imgf000026_0004
용방식의전기자전거에적용될 수있다.
[210] 본발명의구동장치 (10 자전거에적용되는경우,조작
패널 (284)에서전원 (^
Figure imgf000026_0005
킨후,도로주행환경에따른모드를 선택하고사용자가페달 (240)을구르면,예를들어,크랭크축 (252)에설치된 토크센서에의해페달 (240)에가하는답력을측정하여시스템콘트롤러 (290)에 전송한다.
[211] 상기시스템콘트롤러 (290)는 의해페달 (240)의답력이검출될때 , 전동모터 (110)를턴-온시킨다.
Figure imgf000026_0006
전기자전거 (200)는페달 (240)에 2020/175882 1»（：1^1{2020/002682 가해지는답력을측정하여페달에가해지는답력이커질수록시스템
콘트롤러 (290)는전동모터 (110)의출력을증가시키며,그결과전동모터 (110)의 출력증가에비례하여변속기 (120)를거쳐서하우징 (30)에전달되는회전속도도 비례하므로전기자전거 (200)의주행속도도증가하게된다.
[212] 따라서,
Figure imgf000027_0001
방식의전기자전거 (200)는운전자가페달 (240)에가하는답력을 조절하여전기자전거의전동모터 ( 0)의출력을능동적으로제어할수있다.
[213] 또한,오르막길을주행하는경우에도토크센서에의해페달 (240)에가하는 답력을측정하여전기자전거의전동모터 ( 0)의출력을증가시킴에따라평지 주행과동일하게주행속도를유지할수있다.
[214] 또한,홀센서조립체 (26)에설치된홀센서는하우징센싱마그넷 (19)의회전을 검출하여시스템콘트롤러 (290)에전송할때이에기초하여전동모터 ( 0)의 회전속도,즉전기자전거 (200)의주행속도를계산하고,그결과값을조작 패널 (284)에디스플레이한다.
[215] 방식전기자전거는최고주행속도가 25101^미만을준수할때자전거 도로를주행할수있도록법규화되어 있다.따라서,
Figure imgf000027_0002
는 자전거도로주행요건을만족하도록시스템콘트롤러 (290)는홀센서
조립체 (26)에설치된홀센서에의해검출된하우징센싱마그넷 (19)의회전 검출에기초하여전동모터 ( 0)의회전속도,즉전기자전거의주행속도가 25101 1를초과하는경우전동모터 ( 0)의작동을중지시키거나전기자전거의 주행속도가 25101 1를초과하지않도록제어할수있다.
[216] 또한,
Figure imgf000027_0003
전기자전거에서전원 (1¾\¥ )스위치를턴-오프시킨상태 (전동 모터의지원을완전히차단하는오프모드)에서사용자가전기자전거에서 하차한후전기자전거를파킹장소에거치하거나,밧데리가모두소모되었거나 사용자의필요에따라사용자가페달링을하여자전거가전진방향으로진행할 때,하우징 (30)의회전력은클러치 (5)에의해차단되어링기어브라켓 (4)과 링기어 (7)에전달되지않는다.그결과변속기 (120)의유성기어장치와전동 모터 ( 0)는정지된상태를유지하며，기어가파손되거나소음이발생되는것을 방지할수있다.
[217] 더욱이,사용자가전동모터 (110)를턴-오프시킨상태에서전기자전거에서 하차한후,전기자전거를후진시키는경우,하우징 (30)은 방향으로 회전된다.이경우,클러치 ( 회전력을링기어 브라켓 (4)에전달하며,링기
Figure imgf000027_0004
회전에따라 유성기어 (8)도 방향의자전이이루어진다.유성기어 (8)의 방향자전에 의해선기어 (10)는지지축 (1)을중심으로
Figure imgf000027_0005
방향으로회전한다.
[218] 상기선기어 (10)의〔 ：\¥방향회전은전동모터 (110)의로터브라켓 (14)과 로터 (50)를동시에
Figure imgf000027_0006
방향으로회전시켜로터 (50)가부하로작용하게된다. 그러나,이러한저속의후진은구동장치에손상을가하거나소음발생을 유발하지않는다. 2020/175882 1»（：1/10公020/002682 산업상이용가능성
[219] 본발명의구동장치는스로틀 (Throttle)방식 , PAS(Pedal Assist System)방식및 스로틀과 PAS겸용방식의전기자전거에적용될수있다.

Claims

2020/175882 1»（：1/10公020/002682 청구범위
[청구항 1] 내부에수용공간을갖는하우징;
상기하우징을관통하여통과하며전기자전거의프레임으로부터분지된 포크에양단부가고정설치되는지지축;
상기지지축이관통하는하우징의양측면과지지축사이에설치되며 지지죽을중심으로하우징을회전가능하게지지하는제 1및제 2베어링 ; 상기하우징내부에내장되며지지죽을중심으로회전되는회전력을 발생시키는전동모터;
상기전동모터의회전력을감속시키기위한변속기;및
상기변속기의출력을하우징에선택적으로전달하는클러치를 포함하며;
상기변속기는선기어입력,캐리어고정，링기어출력방식의 유성기어장치로형성되고,상기링기어는일단이링기어에연결된 링기어브라켓의타단을통하여클러치에연결되며,
상기클러치는외륜이링기어브라켓의타단에지지되고,내륜이상기 하우징으로부터돌출된클러치고정부에지지된원웨이베어링으로 형성되는전기자전거용허브타입구동장치.
[청구항 2] 제 1항에 있어서,
상기링기어와링기어브라켓은하우징과분리되어있으며, 상기클러치는상기전동모터가동작될때링기어브라켓의출력을 하우징에전달하고,상기전동모터가정지상태일때하우징의전진방향 회전력을링기어브라켓에전달하는것을차단하는전기자전거용허브 타입구동장치.
[청구항 3] 제 1항에 있어서,
Figure imgf000029_0001
이루어지며,상기로터의출력은로터브라켓을통하여유성기어장치의 선기어에전달되고,
상기선기어는지지축에회전가능하게지지되고,상기캐리어는 지지축에고정되는전기자전거용허브타입구동장치.
[청구항 4] 제 1항에 있어서,
상기유성기어장치는
상기전동모터의로터와연결되는선기어 ;
상기선기어의외주에기어결합되며자전하는복수의유성기어;
상기복수의유성기어를각각회전가능하게지지하는캐리어 ;
상기복수의유성기어가내접하는링기어 ;및
상기링기어의외주에일단이연결되고,타단이상기클러치에연결되는 링기어브라켓;을포함하며, 상기선기어는지지축에회전가능하게지지되고,상기캐리어는 지지축에고정되는전기자전거용허브타입구동장치.
[청구항 5] 제 1항에 있어서,
상기하우징은
내부에수용공간을갖도록컵형상으로이루어진훨;및
외주부가상기훨의개구부에결합되는커버;를포함하며, 상기클러치고정부는상기훨의수용공간내부로돌출된원통부로 형성되고,상기클러치고정부의외주부에원웨이베어링의내륜이 지지되고,상기클러치고정부의내주부와지지축사이에제 2베어링이 장착되는전기자전거용허브타입구동장치.
[청구항 6] 제 5항에 있어서,
상기제 1및제 2베어링은각각상기훨과커버의중앙에형성된각각의 관통구멍내측에설치되며,
상기제 1및제 2베어링과지지축사이에는각각실리용 0-링이설치되는 전기자전거용허브타입구동장치.
[청구항 7] 제 1항에 있어서,
상기전기자전거가 PAS(Pedal Assist System)방식전기자전거일때 , 상기전동모터는크랭크축에설치되어페달에가해지는답력을 검출하기위한토크센서 ;
상기하우징에설치되어전기자전거의주행속도검출에이용되는하우징 센싱마그넷;
상기전동모터의스테이터에설치되며,상기하우징과함께회전되는 하우징센싱마그넷의회전을검출하여주행속도검출신호를발생하는 홀센서를구비하는홀센서조립체 ;및
사용자의선택에따라상기전기자전거의시스템을제어하는시스템 콘트롤러 ;를더포함하며 ,
상기시스템콘트롤러는상기주행속도검출신호에기초하여산출된 주행속도가미리설정된속도를초과하지않도록상기전동모터를 제어하는전기자전거용허브타입구동장치.
[청구항 8] 제 1항에 있어서,
상기전동모터는
로터브라켓의외륜에백요크와마그넷이적층된로터;및 외주부가상기로터의마그넷과에어갭을갖고대향하고중앙부가 지지축의외주에결합되어고정되며,상기로터에회전자기장을 인가하기위한스테이터 ;를포함하고,
상기로터브라켓의내륜이상기선기어로부터연장된연장부에 연결되는전기자전거용허브타입구동장치.
[청구항 9] 제 8항에 있어서, 2020/175882 1»（：1^1{2020/002682 상기연장부의내주부와지지축사이에지지축을중심으로상기로터 브라켓과선기어를회전가능하게지지하는제 3및제 4베어링 ;을더 포함하는전기자전거용허브타입구동장치.
[청구항 10] 제 8항에있어서,
상기스테이터는
환형요크의외주에복수의티스가방사상으로연장된스테이터코어 ; 상기로터의마그넷과대향한외주면을제외한복수의티스의 4측면을 둘러싸는절연필름;
각각복수의티스와환형요크에대응하도록환형몸체와상기환형 몸체로부터방사상으로뻗어있는복수의연장부를구비하고,상기 스테이터코어의일측및타측에조립되는제 1및제 2스테이터 인슐레이터;
상기절연필름과제 1및제 2스테이터인슐레이터에의해둘러싸인티스 부분에권선되는스테이터코일;및
외륜이스테이터코어의내주부에결합되고복수의브릿지를통하여 연결된내륜이상기지지축에결합되는스테이터어셈블리브라켓;을 포함하는전기자전거용허브타입구동장치.
[청구항 11] 제 항에있어서,
상기스테이터코어와스테이터어셈블리브라켓은일체형인
전기자전거용허브타입구동장치.
[청구항 12] 제 8항에있어서,
상기스테이터는복수의티스에권선되는 3상（II, ¼ ）스테이터코일을 포함하고,
상기 3상（11 , ）스테이터코일각각은 3개의티스에연속적으로권선된 복수의코어그룹을포함하며 ,
각상의코어그룹은병렬접속되고각상별로교대로배치되는
전기자전거용허브타입구동장치.
[청구항 13] 제 1항에있어서,
상기전동모터는 20극싱글로터와 18슬롯옌 ）구조의싱글스테이터로 구성되며 ,
상기스테이터는복수의티스에권선되는 3상（II, ¼ ）스테이터코일을 포함하고,상기 3상（11 , ）스테이터코일각각은 3개의티스에 연속적으로권선된복수의코어그룹을포함하며,
상기코어그룹각각은연속된 3개의티스에순방향,역방향및순방향의 순서로연속권선되며,인접된 2개상의연속된 6개의티스는대향하여 배치된로터의마그넷을동일한방향으로회전하도록서로반대방향으로 자속이발생되며,
상기스테이터코일에 6 -스텝（ 머제어방식으로구동신호가인가될때, 2개상의연속된 6개의티스는활성화상태로설정되고,상기활성화된 6개의티스사이에배치된나머지 1개상의연속된 3개의티스는 비활성화상태로설정되는전기자전거용허브타입구동장치.
[청구항 14] 제 1항에 있어서,
상기전동모터는 20극싱글로터와 18슬롯 (slot)구조의싱글스테이터로 구성되며 ,
상기스테이터는 18개의티스에권선되는 3상 (U,V,W)코일을포함하고, 상기 3상 (U,V,W)코일각각은 3개의티스에연속적으로권선된 6개의 코어그룹을포함하며 ,
상기 18개의티스에권선되는 3상 (U,V,W)코일은일회의연속권선으로 권선이완료되고,각상의코어그룹의입력은각상의터미널단자에공통 연결되고,각상의코어그룹의출력은중성점 (Neutral Point)을형성하기 위한공통터미널에연결되도록권선되는전기자전거용허브타입 구동장치.
[청구항 15] 프레임;
상기프레임의일단에연결된전륜;
상기프레임의타단에연결된후륜;및
상기전륜과후륜중하나의허브에설치되어바취에회전구동력을 제공하는허브타입구동장치 ;를포함하며,
상기구동장치는제 1항내지제 14항중어느한항에따른구동장치인 전기자전거.
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