WO2020174040A1 - Weicher partikelschaum aus thermoplastischem polyurethan - Google Patents
Weicher partikelschaum aus thermoplastischem polyurethan Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020174040A1 WO2020174040A1 PCT/EP2020/055121 EP2020055121W WO2020174040A1 WO 2020174040 A1 WO2020174040 A1 WO 2020174040A1 EP 2020055121 W EP2020055121 W EP 2020055121W WO 2020174040 A1 WO2020174040 A1 WO 2020174040A1
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- granules
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/16—Making expandable particles
- C08J9/18—Making expandable particles by impregnating polymer particles with the blowing agent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0014—Use of organic additives
- C08J9/0023—Use of organic additives containing oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/32—Polyhydroxy compounds; Polyamines; Hydroxyamines
- C08G18/3203—Polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G18/3206—Polyhydroxy compounds aliphatic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/48—Polyethers
- C08G18/4825—Polyethers containing two hydroxy groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/65—Low-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen with high-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/66—Compounds of groups C08G18/42, C08G18/48, or C08G18/52
- C08G18/6603—Compounds of groups C08G18/42, C08G18/48, or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38
- C08G18/6607—Compounds of groups C08G18/42, C08G18/48, or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38 with compounds of group C08G18/3203
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/74—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic
- C08G18/76—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic
- C08G18/7657—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings
- C08G18/7664—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings containing alkylene polyphenyl groups
- C08G18/7671—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings containing alkylene polyphenyl groups containing only one alkylene bisphenyl group
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
- C08J9/122—Hydrogen, oxygen, CO2, nitrogen or noble gases
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
- C08J9/14—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
- C08J9/141—Hydrocarbons
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/22—After-treatment of expandable particles; Forming foamed products
- C08J9/228—Forming foamed products
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/10—Esters; Ether-esters
- C08K5/101—Esters; Ether-esters of monocarboxylic acids
- C08K5/103—Esters; Ether-esters of monocarboxylic acids with polyalcohols
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/10—Esters; Ether-esters
- C08K5/11—Esters; Ether-esters of acyclic polycarboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L75/00—Compositions of polyureas or polyurethanes; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L75/04—Polyurethanes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2201/00—Foams characterised by the foaming process
- C08J2201/02—Foams characterised by the foaming process characterised by mechanical pre- or post-treatments
- C08J2201/03—Extrusion of the foamable blend
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
- C08J2203/02—CO2-releasing, e.g. NaHCO3 and citric acid
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2375/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2375/04—Polyurethanes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2375/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2375/04—Polyurethanes
- C08J2375/08—Polyurethanes from polyethers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a foamed granulate comprising a
- composition (Z1) containing a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU-1) and at least one plasticizer (W), the composition (Z1) having a Shore hardness in the range from 15 A to 43 A, and a method for producing such a foamed one
- TPU-1 thermoplastic polyurethane
- W plasticizer
- the present invention further encompasses the use of a
- foamed granules according to the invention for the production of a molded article.
- Foamed granules which are also known as particle foams (or particle foams,
- thermoplastic polyurethane or other elastomers are known (e.g. WO 94/20568, WO 2007/082838 A1, WO2017 / 030835, WO 2013/153190 A1, WO2010 / 010010) and can be used in many ways.
- a foamed granulate or a particle foam or particle foam in the sense of the present invention denotes a foam in the form of a particle, the mean diameter of the particles being between 0.2 to 20, preferably 0.5 to 15 and in particular between 1 to 12 mm. In the case of non-spherical, e.g. elongated or cylindrical particles, diameter means the longest dimension.
- Adequate bonding or welding of the foamed granules is essential in order to obtain advantageous mechanical properties of the molded part produced from the foamed granules. If the foam particles are not adhesively bonded or welded together, their properties cannot be used to the full extent, as a result of which the overall mechanical properties of the molded part obtained are negatively influenced. The same applies to a weakening of the shaped body. Here, the mechanical properties at the weakened points are unfavorable with the same result as mentioned above.
- the properties of the polymer used must therefore be easily adjustable. Polymers based on thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) are already used in various areas. The properties of the polymer can be modified depending on the application. In particular, thermoplastic polyurethanes are used in a variety of ways.
- Thermoplastic polyurethanes usually have a hardness of 80 Shore A to 74 Shore D. For many applications, however, softer materials are advantageous. For this reason, it is state of the art to add plasticizers to thermoplastics, with which the Shore hardness can be reduced. When selecting the plasticizer, it is particularly important to ensure that the product is compatible with the thermoplastic polyurethane. In addition, the mechanical properties of the thermoplastic polyurethane, e.g. the abrasion and the elastomeric properties do not deteriorate.
- WO 201 1/141408 A2 discloses thermoplastic polyurethanes which contain a plasticizer based on glycerol. Foams based on such thermoplastic polyurethanes are also disclosed. The foams described in WO 201 1/141408 A2, however, are block foams that are common to many
- the shoe sector where the foamed granules can be used for moldings for components of the shoe in which cushioning and / or cushioning is relevant, e.g. Midsoles and insoles.
- a foamed granulate comprising a composition (Z1) containing a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU-1) and at least one plasticizer (W), the composition (Z1) having a Shore hardness in the range from 15 A to 43 A. .
- thermoplastic polyurethanes can be processed well to give foamed granules, which in turn can be further processed well to form moldings which in particular have a low modulus of elasticity and a good rebound. It has surprisingly been found that foamed granules based on a
- Composition with a Shore hardness in the range from 15 A to 43 A lead to good mechanical properties of the granulate and can be easily processed into shaped bodies. Moldings of this type have a surprisingly good rebound in relation to the low rigidity. In the context of the present invention, it was found that the foamed granules according to the invention have a good combination of damping and rebound, in particular a very soft start-up and nevertheless no "bottoming out” under high mechanical stress.
- the foamed granules according to the invention have a low welding temperature.
- the composition (Z1) has a Shore hardness in the range from 15 A to 43 A, measured according to DIN 53505.
- the Shore hardness is preferably in the range from 20 A to 43 A, more preferably in the range from 25 A to 43 A, each measured in accordance with DIN ISO 4649_A.
- the present invention also relates to a
- the composition (Z1) having a Shore hardness in the range from 20 A to 43 A.
- the present invention accordingly also relates to a foamed granulate as described above, the melting range of the composition (Z1) beginning below 100 ° C. in a DSC measurement with a heating rate of 20K / min and in which the composition (Z1 ) at 180 ° C and a applied weight of 21.6 kg according to DIN EN ISO 1 133 has a maximum melt flow rate (MFR) of 250 g / 10 min.
- MFR maximum melt flow rate
- the composition (Z1) contains a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU-1) and a plasticizer (W).
- TPU-1 thermoplastic polyurethane
- W plasticizer
- the composition (Z1) can contain further components, for example also further thermoplastic polyurethanes or further plasticizers.
- plasticizers are suitable which have sufficient compatibility with the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU-1). It has been shown that citric acid and glycerol derivatives and mixtures of the compounds are particularly suitable as plasticizers.
- glycerol derivatives are preferably used as plasticizers (W), more preferably derivatives of glycerol, at least one hydroxyl group of glycerol being esterified with a monocarboxylic acid (ii) which has 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms, preferably contains 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 carbon atoms. This group of substances is referred to below as
- Glycerol tricarboxylic acid esters are further preferred and glycerol triacetate is particularly preferred.
- the present invention also relates to a
- the plasticizer (W) being selected from derivatives of citric acid and glycerol or mixtures of two or more thereof, at least one hydroxyl group of the glycerol being esterified with a monocarboxylic acid which is 1, 2, 3, 4, Contains 5 or 6 carbon atoms.
- these plasticizers show a low tendency to bloom and are also non-toxic or have only a low toxicity compared to other plasticizers. They also show a high level of stability with respect to the temperatures occurring during processing of the TPU; at the same time, the mechanical properties of the TPU are not adversely affected during processing.
- the raw materials required for their production can preferably be made from renewable sources
- plasticizers according to the invention are readily miscible even with polar polyurethanes and thus significantly higher proportions of the plasticizer can be incorporated, which leads to lower Shore A hardnesses.
- plasticizers are those customarily used as plasticizers
- urethane bonds for example low molecular weight polyurethanes.
- Diphenyl cresyl phosphate (DPK) or phthalates are also suitable, for example.
- At least one further plasticizer (W2) is used, which is preferably an ester
- the present invention also relates to a
- This tricarboxylic acid preferably has an aliphatic structure, the aliphatic structure being branched and 4 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 4 to 20
- the carbons in the branched aliphatic structure are connected to one another directly via a single or double bond.
- the aliphatic structure has only single bonds between the carbons.
- the tricarboxylic acid contains at least one
- the at least one H yd roxyl group is immediately so with one
- all three acid groups of the tricarboxylic acid are esterified with an alcohol.
- the alcohols can have aromatic and / or aliphatic structures. More preferred are alcohols which contain 1 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Preference is given to using alcohols with an aliphatic structure, linear aliphatic structures of the alcohols are further preferred, and aliphatic structures which are not particularly preferred
- the alcohols comprise a multiple of 2 carbon atoms, i. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 or 20 carbon atoms.
- the alcohols are more preferably linear aliphatics.
- the alcohol is ethanol. In a second very particularly preferred embodiment, the alcohol is a butanol. In an alternative embodiment the alcohol is propanol. More preferably, all three acid groups of the tricarboxylic acid are esterified with the same alcohol.
- the at least one hydroxyl group of the tricarboxylic acid is additionally esterified with a carboxylic acid.
- the carboxylic acid is selected from aromatic or aliphatic carboxylic acids having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 30 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 2 to 22 carbon atoms, which are more preferably linearly arranged and in further preferred embodiments the carbon number is a multiple of 2.
- the hydroxyl group is very particularly preferably esterified with an acetic acid.
- the at least one hydroxyl group of the tricarboxylic acid is etherified with the ROH radical.
- the ROH radical comprises 1 to 40 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 30 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 2 to 22 carbon atoms, in particularly preferred embodiments the carbon number being a multiple of 2 and more preferably this alcohol having a linear aliphatic structure.
- it is polyethylene glycol or polypropylene glycol. Polyethylene glycol is more preferred. Are preferred in the above
- the tricarboxylic acid contains at least one amine group.
- a carboxylic acid forms an acid amide with this amine group.
- This carboxylic acid is selected from aromatic or aliphatic carboxylic acids having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 30 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 22 carbon atoms, the carbon number in the carboxylic acid being a multiple of 2 in particularly preferred embodiments.
- the at least one amine group of the tricarboxylic acid forms a secondary amine with at least one radical R 'or a tertiary amine with a second radical R ".
- the radicals R' and R" independently comprise 1 to 40 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 30 Carbon atoms, particularly preferably 2 to 22 carbon atoms, the carbon number being a multiple of 2 in particularly preferred embodiments. In more preferred embodiments, the remainder is a
- Polyethylene glycol or polypropylene glycol preferred is polyethylene glycol.
- the ester of a tricarboxylic acid used as the second plasticizer is tri-butyl 2-acetoxy-1,2,3-tricarboxylate.
- the lowest possible acid number of the glycerol carboxylic acid ester preferably the glycerol tricarboxylic acid ester, is advantageous, since free acid groups can contribute to the degradation of the polyester-polyurethanes that may be used and thus negatively affect their stability.
- one, two or three hydroxyl groups of the glycerol are with one
- Monocarboxylic acid esterified two or three of the hydroxyl groups are preferably esterified with at least one carboxylic acid, particularly preferably all three hydroxyl groups of the glycerol are esterified with a monocarboxylic acid.
- Glycerol esters In other preferred embodiments those are esterified
- Plasticizers according to the invention preferably have a haze number of less than 100, particularly preferably less than 50, in particular less than 30, as their inherent color.
- the plasticizers (W) preferably have an alkali content of less than 40 ppm, particularly preferably less than 15 ppm, in particular less than 5 ppm.
- the plasticizers (W) according to the invention usually have a water content of less than 0.2% by weight, preferably less than 0.05% by weight, particularly preferably less than 0.02% by weight.
- the plasticizer (W) according to the invention is particularly in the composition (Z1) in an amount of 1 to 80% by weight, preferably in an amount of 1 to 60% by weight preferably from 5 to 50% by weight, in particular from 10 to 40% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of the composition (Z1).
- the present invention also relates to a
- Composition (Z1) is contained in an amount in the range from 1 to 60% by weight, based on the entire composition (Z1).
- plasticizers (W2) and plasticizers (W) can be used in a weight ratio in the range from 2: 1 to 1:10, particularly preferably in a weight ratio in the range from 1: 1 to 1: 5 and very particularly preferably in one Weight ratio in a range from 1: 1.5 to 1: 3 can be used.
- the composition (Z1) contains a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU-1)
- thermoplastic polyurethanes The production of thermoplastic polyurethanes is known in principle. Isocyanates and isocyanate-reactive compounds, in particular polyols, and, if appropriate, are usually used for the production of thermoplastic polyurethanes
- Suitable polyols are known in principle to the person skilled in the art and are described, for example, in "Kunststoffhandbuch, Volume 7, Polyurethane", Carl Hanser Verlag, 3rd Edition 1993, Chapter 3.1. Polyesteroie or polyetheroie are particularly preferably used as polyols as polyol (P1). Polycarbonates can also be used. Copolymers can also be used in the context of the present invention. Are particularly preferred
- the number average molecular weight of the polyols used according to the invention are preferably in the range of 500 and 5000 g / mol, for example in the range of 550 g / mol and 2000 g / mol, preferably in the range of 600 g / mol and 1500 g / mol, in particular between 650 g / mol and 1000 g / mol.
- Polyetheroie are suitable according to the invention, but also polyesteroie, block copolymers and hybrid polyols such as e.g. Poly (ester / amide).
- preferred polyetherols are polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols, polyadipates, polycarbonate (diols) and polycaprolactone.
- the present invention accordingly relates to a foamed granulate as described above, the polyol composition being a polyol selected from the group consisting of polyether oils, polyester oils,
- Suitable polyols are, for example, those which have ethers and ester blocks, such as, for example, polycaprolactone with polyethylene oxide or polypropylene oxide end blocks or also polyethers with polycaprolactone end blocks.
- preferred polyetherols are polyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols. Polycaprolactone is also preferred.
- the polyols or the polyol composition used preferably have an average functionality between 1.8 and 2.3, preferably between 1.9 and 2.2, in particular 2.
- the polyols used according to the invention preferably have only primary hydroxyl groups.
- a polyol composition which contains at least polytetrahydrofuran.
- the polyol composition can also contain other polyols in addition to polytetrahydrofuran.
- polyethers are suitable as further polyols, but also polyesters, block copolymers and hybrid polyols such as e.g. Poly (ester / amide).
- polyesters block copolymers
- hybrid polyols such as e.g. Poly (ester / amide).
- Block copolymers are, for example, those which have ethers and ester blocks, such as, for example, polycaprolactone with polyethylene oxide or polypropylene oxide end blocks or else polyethers with polycaprolactone end blocks.
- preferred polyetherols are polyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols. Another preferred polyol is also preferred
- the polytetrahydrofuran has a number average molecular weight Mn in the range from 500 g / mol to 5000 g / mol, more preferably in the range from 550 to 2500 g / mol, particularly preferably in the range from 650 to 2000 g / mol.
- composition of the polyol composition (PZ) can vary within wide ranges within the scope of the present invention.
- the polyol composition can also contain mixtures of different polyols.
- the polyol composition can also contain a solvent.
- Suitable solvents are known per se to the person skilled in the art.
- the number average molecular weight Mn of the polytetrahydrofuran is preferably in the range from 500 to 5000 g / mol.
- the number average molecular weight Mn of the polytetrahydrofuran is more preferably in the range from 500 to 2000 g / mol.
- the present invention also relates to a
- the present invention accordingly relates to a foamed granulate as described above, the polyol composition containing a polyol selected from the group consisting of polytetrahydrofurans with a number average molecular weight Mn in the range from 500 g / mol to 2000 g / mol.
- Mixtures of different polytetrahydrofurans can also be used according to the invention, i. Mixtures of polytetrahydrofurans with different molecular weights.
- preferred polyetherols are polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols and polytetrahydrofurans, as well as their mixed polyethers.
- preferred polyetherols are polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols and polytetrahydrofurans, as well as their mixed polyethers.
- mixtures of different polytetrahydrofurans can also be used according to the invention, which are in the
- Polyesteroie can also be used.
- Polyester polyols based on adipic acid, ethylene glycol and butanediol Polyester polyols based on adipic acid, ethylene glycol and butanediol.
- the present invention also relates to a
- TPU-1 polyol (P1) is used, which is selected from the group consisting of polyetheroien, polyesteroien, polycarbonate alcohols and hybrid polyols.
- chain extender KV
- Suitable chain extenders are known per se to the person skilled in the art. Chain extenders are, for example, compounds with two groups which are reactive toward isocyanate groups, in particular those with a molecular weight of less than 500 g / mol. Suitable chain extenders are, for example, diamines or diols. According to the invention, diols are further preferred. Mixtures of two or more chain extenders can also be used in the context of the present invention.
- Suitable diols are known in principle to the person skilled in the art.
- the diol preferably has a molecular weight of ⁇ 500 g / mol.
- aliphatic, araliphatic, aromatic and / or cycloaliphatic diols with a molecular weight of 50 g / mol to 220 g / mol can be used as chain extenders.
- Alkanediols with 2 to 10 carbon atoms in the alkylene radical in particular di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta-, octa-, nona- and / or decaalkylene glycols, are preferred.
- alkylene radical in particular di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta-, octa-, nona- and / or decaalkylene glycols, are preferred.
- 1,2-ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol are particularly preferred.
- branched compounds such as 1,4-cyclohexyldimethanol, 2-butyl-2-ethylpopanediol, neopentyl glycol, 2,2,4-trimethyM, 3-pentanediol, pinacol, 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol or 1,4 Cyclohexanediols are suitable as chain extenders (KV1) in the context of the present invention.
- KV1 chain extenders
- the present invention accordingly relates to a foamed granulate as described above, the chain extender (KV1) being selected from the group consisting of 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-ethanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6 -Hexanediol and HQEE.
- the chain extender (KV1) being selected from the group consisting of 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-ethanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6 -Hexanediol and HQEE.
- the present invention also relates to a
- thermoplastic polyurethane TPU-1
- TPU-1 thermoplastic polyurethane
- suitable isocyanates are especially diisocyanates, especially aliphatic or aromatic diisocyanates, more preferably aromatic diisocyanates.
- pre-reacted products can be used as isocyanate components, in which some of the OH components are reacted with an isocyanate in a preceding reaction step. In a subsequent step, the actual polymer reaction, the products obtained are reacted with the remaining OH components and then form the
- thermoplastic polyurethane thermoplastic polyurethane
- Diisocyanates used, for example tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta- and / or
- Octamethylene diisocyanate hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI)
- 2-methylpentamethylene-1,5-diisocyanate 2-ethyltetramethylene-1,4-diisocyanate
- butylene-1,4-diisocyanate 2-methylpentamethylene-1,5-diisocyanate
- 2-ethyltetramethylene-1,4-diisocyanate butylene-1,4-diisocyanate
- Suitable aromatic diisocyanates are in particular 1,5-naphthylene diisocyanate (NDI), 2,4- and / or 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate (TDI), 3,3, '- dimethyl-4,4'-diisocyanato-diphenyl (TODI), p-phenylene diisocyanate (PDI), diphenylethane-4,4'-diisocyanate (EDI), methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), the term MDI being understood as meaning 2,2'-, 2,4'- and / or 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate , 3,3'-Dimethyl-diphenyl-diisocyanate, 1, 2-diphenylethane diisocyanate and / or phenylene diisocyanate or H 12MDI (4,4'-methylene dicyclohexyl diisocyanate).
- NDI 1,5-naphth
- mixtures can also be used.
- examples of mixtures are mixtures which in addition to 4,4'-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate and at least one other Contains methylenediphenyl diisocyanate.
- the term here means
- Methylenediphenyl diisocyanate 2,2'-, 2,4'- and / or 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate or a mixture of two or three isomers can be used as a further isocyanate.
- the polyisocyanate composition can also contain other polyisocyanates mentioned above.
- Preferred examples of higher functional isocyanates are triisocyanates, e.g. B.
- Triphenylmethane 4,4 ', 4 "-triisocyanate furthermore the cyanurates of the aforementioned diisocyanates, and the oligomers obtainable by partial reaction of diisocyanates with water, e.g.
- Aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic and / or aromatic isocyanates can be used as organic isocyanates.
- crosslinkers for example the above-mentioned higher-functional polyisocyanates or polyols or other higher-functional molecules with several functional groups that are reactive toward isocyanates. It is the same in
- isocyanate groups used in relation to the hydroxyl groups.
- higher functional isocyanates are triisocyanates, e.g. B. triphenylmethane 4,4 ', 4 "-triisocyanate and isocyanurates, also the cyanurates of the aforementioned diisocyanates, and the oligomers obtainable by partial reaction of diisocyanates with water, eg.
- the amount of crosslinker i.
- Chain extenders are not greater than 3% by weight, preferably less than 1% by weight, more preferably less than 0.5% by weight, based on the total mixture of components.
- the polyisocyanate composition can furthermore also contain one or more solvents.
- Suitable solvents are known to the person skilled in the art.
- non-reactive solvents such as ethyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone and hydrocarbons are suitable.
- the present invention also relates to a
- TPU-1 a diisocyanate is used which is selected from the group consisting of 2,2'-, 2,4'- and / or 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), 2,4- and / or 2,6-toluene diisocyanate (TDI), 4,4'-, 2,4'- and / or 2,2'-methylenedicyclohexyl diisocyanate (H12MDI), Hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and 1-isocyanato-3,3,5-trimethyl-5-isocyanatomethyl-cyclohexane (IPDI).
- MDI 2,2'-, 2,4'- and / or 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate
- TDI 2,4- and / or 2,6-toluene diisocyanate
- H12MDI Hexamethylene diisocyanate
- HDI Hexamethylene diisocyanate
- IPDI 1-
- isocyanate and polyol are used in a weight ratio in the range from 1: 7 to 1: 1.5, preferably in the range from 1: 5 to 1: 3.
- the reaction can be carried out using customary indicators, preferably an index from 60 to 130, particularly preferably an index from 80 to 1 10.
- the index is defined by the ratio of the total isocyanate groups used in the reaction to the isocyanate-reactive groups, ie the active hydrogens that
- Polyol component and the chain extender used. With an index of 100, there is an active hydrogen atom for each isocyanate group, i.e. an isocyanate-reactive function. If the index exceeds 100, there are more isocyanate groups than OH groups.
- thermoplastic polyurethanes In the production of thermoplastic polyurethanes, catalysts and / or customary auxiliaries can also be added.
- Catalysts in particular, the reaction between the NCO groups of the diisocyanates and the hydroxyl groups of the isocyanate-reactive compound and the
- Accelerate chain extenders in a preferred embodiment, tertiary amines, in particular triethylamine, dimethylcyclohexylamine, N-methylmorpholine, N, N'-dimethylpiperazine, 2- (dimethylaminoethoxy) ethanol, diazabicyclo- (2,2,2) octane, in another preferred embodiment, these are organic metal compounds such as
- Titanic acid esters iron compounds, preferably iron (III) acetylacetonate, tin compounds, preferably tin diacetate, tin dioctoate, tin dilaurate or the tin dialkyl salts of aliphatic carboxylic acids, preferably dibutyltin diacetate, dibutyltin dilaurate.
- the catalysts are preferably used in amounts of from 0.0001 to 0.1 part by weight per 100 parts by weight of the compound reactive with isocyanates.
- Tin catalysts are preferably used, in particular tin dioctoate.
- conventional auxiliaries can also be added to the synthesis components in addition to the plasticizers (W) according to the invention. Surface-active substances, fillers,
- Flame retardants e.g. against hydrolysis, light, heat or discoloration, inorganic and / or organic fillers, reinforcing agents and plasticizers.
- Hydrolysis inhibitors are preferably used, oligomeric and / or polymeric aliphatic or aromatic carbodiimides.
- stabilizers can preferably be added to the TPU.
- Stabilizers in the context of the present invention are additives that protect a plastic or a plastic mixture against harmful environmental influences. Examples are primary and secondary antioxidants, Hindered Amine Light Stabilizer, UV absorber, hydrolysis protection agent, quencher and
- the TPU can be produced continuously by the known processes, for example with reactive extruders or the belt process according to the one-shot or the prepolymer process, or discontinuously according to the known prepolymer process.
- the components which react can be mixed with one another one after the other or at the same time, the reaction starting immediately.
- the structural components are introduced into the extruder individually or as a mixture, preferably at temperatures from 100 to 280 ° C., more preferably at 140 ° C. to 250 ° C., and the TPU obtained is extruded, cooled and granulated.
- At least the plasticizer (W) for producing the thermoplastic polyurethane preferably optionally also at least one second plasticizer (W2), is added during and / or after the production of the thermoplastic material.
- the plasticizer is at least one of the
- thermoplastic polyurethane in the embodiment, it is mixed with the TPU already produced, preferably in an extruder.
- the thermoplastic polyurethane can be further processed thermoplastically without the effect of the plasticizers according to the invention being lost.
- the present invention also relates to a method for producing a foamed granulate.
- the present invention relates to a
- a method for producing a foamed granulate comprising steps
- composition (i) providing a composition (Z1) containing a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU-1) and at least one plasticizer (W), the composition (Z1) having a Shore hardness in the range from 15 A to 43 A;
- the composition (Z1) can be used in the form of a melt or in the form of granules. Accordingly, according to a further embodiment, the present invention also relates to a method for producing a foamed granulate comprising the steps:
- composition (Z1) containing a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU-1) and at least one plasticizer (W), the composition (Z1) having a Shore hardness in the range from 15 A to 43 A, to give granules with an average diameter in the range from 0.2 to 10 mm;
- thermoplastic polyurethanes Processes for the production of foamed granules starting from thermoplastic polyurethanes are known per se. In the context of the present invention, it has proven advantageous to use butane, propane, pentane, carbon dioxide and nitrogen as propellants.
- the present invention also relates to a method for producing a foamed granulate as described above, the blowing agent being selected from the group consisting of butane, propane, pentane, carbon dioxide and nitrogen.
- the method according to the invention can comprise further steps, for example
- Polymer mixture of the composition (Z1) is made in a known manner from the
- Processing aids are, for example, customary mixing processes with the aid of a kneader, continuously or discontinuously, or an extruder such as, for example, one
- compatibilizers or auxiliaries such as stabilizers, for example, these can also be incorporated into the components when they are produced.
- the components are all metered into the intake and conveyed together into the extruder or individual components are added via a side metering system.
- Processing takes place at a temperature at which the components are in a plastic state.
- the temperature depends on the softening resp. Melting ranges of the components, but must be below the decomposition temperature of each component.
- Additives such as pigments or fillers or other of the above-mentioned customary auxiliaries are not melted, but incorporated in the solid state.
- the particle foams according to the invention generally have a bulk density of 50 g / l to 200 g / l, preferably 60 g / l to 180 g / l, particularly preferably 80 g / l to 150 g / l.
- the bulk density is measured analogously to DIN ISO 697, whereby when determining the above values, in contrast to the standard, a vessel with a volume of 10 l is used instead of a vessel with a volume of 0.5 l, since this is especially true for foam particles with a low density and high mass a measurement with only 0.5 l volume is too imprecise.
- the diameter of the individual particles of the foamed granulate is between 0.5 and 30; preferably 1 to 15 and in particular between 3 to 12 mm.
- non-spherical, e.g. elongated or cylinder-shaped foamed granules is made with
- Diameter means the longest dimension:
- the amount of propellant is preferably 0.1 to 40, in particular 0.5 to 35 and particularly preferably 1 to 30 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the amount of composition (Z) used.
- composition (Z) according to the invention in the form of granules
- composition (Z) according to the invention in the form of granules
- the unexpanded granulate preferably has an average minimum diameter of 0.2-10 mm (determined via 3D evaluation of the granulate, e.g. via dynamic image analysis with the use of an optical measuring apparatus called PartAn 3D from Microtrac).
- the individual granules generally have an average mass in the range from 0.1 to 50 mg, preferably in the range from 4 to 40 mg and particularly preferably in the range from 7 to 32 mg.
- This mean mass of the granulates is determined as the arithmetic mean by weighing 10 granulate particles three times.
- One embodiment of the above-mentioned method comprises the impregnation of the granules with a blowing agent under pressure and subsequent expansion of the granules in steps (I) and (II):
- step (I) can be carried out in the presence of water and optionally suspension aids or only in the presence of the propellant and the absence of water.
- Suitable suspension aids are e.g. water-insoluble inorganic stabilizers such as tricalcium phosphate, magnesium pyrophosphate, metal carbonates; also polyvinyl alcohol and surfactants, such as sodium dodecyl aryl sulfonate. They are usually used in amounts of 0.05 to 10% by weight, based on the composition according to the invention.
- the impregnation temperatures are, depending on the pressure selected, in the range from 100 ° C. to 200 ° C., the pressure in the reaction vessel being between 2 and 150 bar, preferably between 5 and 100 bar, particularly preferably between 20 and 60 bar
- Impregnation time is generally 0.5 to 10 hours.
- Suitable propellants for carrying out the process in a suitable closed reaction vessel are, for example, organic liquids and gases that are used in the
- Processing conditions exist in a gaseous state, such as hydrocarbons or inorganic gases or mixtures of organic liquids or gases and inorganic gases, and these can also be combined.
- Suitable hydrocarbons are, for example, halogenated or non-halogenated, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons, preferably non-halogenated, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons.
- Preferred organic blowing agents are saturated, aliphatic hydrocarbons, especially those with 3 to 8 carbon atoms such as butane or pentane.
- Suitable inorganic gases are nitrogen, air, ammonia or carbon dioxide, preferably nitrogen or carbon dioxide or mixtures of the gases mentioned above.
- the impregnation of the granulate with a propellant comprises proceeding under pressure and subsequent expansion of the granulate in step (a) and ( ⁇ ):
- Suitable blowing agents in this process variant are volatile organic compounds with a boiling point of -25 ° C to 150 ° C, in particular -10 ° C to 125 ° C at normal pressure 1013 mbar.
- Hydrocarbons preferably halogen-free
- C4-10 alkanes for example the isomers of butane, pentane, hexane, heptane and octane, particularly preferably iso-pentane, are very suitable.
- Further possible blowing agents are sterically more demanding compounds such as alcohols, ketones, esters, ethers and organic carbonates.
- composition in step (ii) is mixed in an extruder with melting with the blowing agent under pressure, which is fed to the extruder.
- Propellant-containing mixture is under pressure, preferably with moderately controlled
- Single-screw and twin-screw extruders eg type ZSK from Werner & Pfleiderer
- co-kneaders eg type ZSK from Werner & Pfleiderer
- Kombiplast machines MPC kneading mixers
- FCM mixers KEX kneading screw extruders
- shear roll extruders such as those described in Saechtling (ed.), Kunststoff-Taschenbuch, 27.
- the extruder is usually operated at a temperature at which the composition (Z1) is present as a melt, for example at 120 ° C to 250 ° C, in particular 150 to 210 ° C and a pressure after the addition of the blowing agent of 40 to 200 bar, preferably 60 to 150 bar, particularly preferably 80 to 120 bar, in order to ensure that the blowing agent is homogenized with the melt.
- Components are melted and blended and a propellant is injected.
- the impregnated melt is homogenized and the temperature and / or the pressure is set. If, for example, three extruders are combined with one another, the mixing of the components and the injection of the blowing agent can also be divided between two different process parts. If, as preferred, only one extruder is used, then all process steps, melting, mixing, injection of the
- the corresponding, possibly even already colored, foamed granules can be produced directly from the granules by treating the corresponding granules with a
- Suitable supercritical fluids are e.g. those described in WO2014150122 or, e.g. Carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ethane, ethylene, oxygen or nitrogen, preferably carbon dioxide or nitrogen.
- the supercritical fluid can also contain a polar fluid with a Hildebrand solubility parameter equal to or greater than 9 MPa 1/2 .
- the supercritical fluid or the heated fluid may also contain a dye, whereby a colored, foamed article is obtained.
- the present invention also relates to a shaped body produced from the foamed granules according to the invention.
- a preferred method for producing a molded foam part comprises the following steps:
- step (B) Fusion of the foamed granules according to the invention from step (i).
- the fusing in step (B) is preferably carried out in a closed form, it being possible for the fusing to take place by means of steam, hot air (as described e.g. in EP1979401 B1) or energetic radiation (microwaves or radio waves).
- the temperature when the foamed granulate is fused is preferably below or close to the melting temperature of the polymer from which the foamed granulate was produced.
- the temperature for fusing the foamed granulate is accordingly between 100.degree. C. and 180.degree. C., preferably between 120 and 150.degree.
- Temperature profiles / residence times can be determined individually, e.g. in analogy to the method described in US20150337102 or EP2872309B1.
- Welding using energetic radiation generally takes place in the frequency range of microwaves or radio waves, possibly in the presence of water or other polar liquids, such as polar groups, microwave absorbing
- Hydrocarbons such as esters of carboxylic acids and diols or triols or glycols and liquid polyethylene glycols
- Hydrocarbons such as esters of carboxylic acids and diols or triols or glycols and liquid polyethylene glycols
- the foamed granules can also contain colorants.
- the addition of dyes can take place in various ways.
- the foamed granules produced can be colored after production.
- the corresponding foamed granules are contacted with a carrier liquid containing a dye, the carrier liquid (TF) having a polarity which is suitable for sorption of the carrier liquid into the foamed granules.
- TF carrier liquid
- Suitable dyes are, for example, inorganic or organic pigments.
- Suitable natural or synthetic inorganic pigments are, for example, carbon black, graphite,
- Suitable organic pigments are, for example, azo pigments and polycyclic pigments.
- the color can be added during the production of the foamed granulate.
- the dye can be added to the extruder via extrusion during the production of the foamed granules.
- already colored material can be used as starting material for the production of the foamed granulate, which is extruded or expanded in a closed vessel according to the above-mentioned process.
- the supercritical liquid or the heated liquid can contain a dye.
- the molded parts according to the invention have advantageous properties for the above-mentioned applications in the shoe or sports shoe sector.
- the tensile and compression properties of the moldings produced from the foamed granules are characterized in that the tensile strength is above 600 kPa (DIN EN ISO 1798, April 2008) and the elongation at break is above 100% (DIN EN ISO 1798, April 2008) .
- Test body height which should be 12 mm, but this test is carried out with 20 mm in order to avoid "penetrating” the sample and measuring the substrate).
- the density and compression properties of the molded bodies produced are related.
- the density of the molded parts produced is advantageously between 75 and 375 kg / m 3 , preferably between 100 and 300 kg / m 3 , particularly preferably between 150 and 200 kg / m 3 (DIN EN ISO 845, October 2009).
- the ratio of the density of the molded part to the bulk density of the foamed granules according to the invention is generally between 1.5 and 2.5, preferably 1.8 to 2.0.
- the invention also relates to the use of an inventive
- Shoe combination soles or padding elements for shoes is preferably a street shoe, sports shoe, sandals, boots or safety shoe, particularly preferably a sports shoe.
- the present invention accordingly also provides a shaped body, the shaped body being a shoe combination sole for shoes, preferably for street shoes,
- the present invention accordingly also provides a shaped body, the shaped body being a midsole for shoes, preferably for street shoes, sports shoes, sandals, boots or safety shoes, particularly preferably sports shoes.
- the present invention accordingly also provides a shaped body, the shaped body being an insert for shoes, preferably for street shoes, sports shoes, sandals, boots or safety shoes, particularly preferably sports shoes.
- the present invention accordingly also provides a molded body, the molded body being a cushion element for shoes, preferably for street shoes, sports shoes, sandals, boots or safety shoes, particularly preferably sports shoes.
- the cushion element can e.g. be used in the heel area or forefoot area.
- the present invention therefore also relates to a shoe in which the molded article according to the invention is used as a midsole, midsole or cushioning in e.g.
- Heel area, forefoot area is used, the shoe preferably being one
- the present invention also relates to foamed granules, obtained or obtainable by a process according to the invention.
- the foamed granules according to the invention are particularly suitable for the production of moldings. Moldings can be produced from the foamed granules according to the invention, for example by welding or gluing.
- the present invention also relates to the use of a foamed granulate according to the invention or a foamed granulate, obtained or obtainable by a process according to the invention for producing moldings.
- the present invention also relates to the use of a foamed granulate according to the invention or a foamed granulate, obtained or obtainable by a process according to the invention for the production of moldings, wherein the molding is produced by welding or gluing the particles to one another.
- the moldings obtained according to the invention are suitable, for example, for the production of shoe soles, parts of a shoe sole, bicycle saddles, upholstery, mattresses, pads, handles, protective films, components in the automotive interior and exterior, in balls and
- Sports equipment or as flooring and wall cladding in particular for sports surfaces, athletics running tracks, sports halls, children's playgrounds and sidewalks.
- the present invention also relates to the use of a foamed granulate according to the invention or a foamed granulate, obtained or obtainable by a method according to the invention for the production of shaped bodies, the shaped body being a shoe sole, a part of a shoe sole, a bicycle saddle, a padding,
- a mattress, pad, handle, protective film is a component in the interior and exterior of an automobile.
- the present invention also relates to the use of the foamed granules or foamed particles according to the invention in balls and sports equipment or as flooring and wall cladding, in particular for sports surfaces, athletics running tracks, sports halls, children's playgrounds and sidewalks.
- the present invention also relates to a hybrid material containing a matrix made of a polymer (PM) and a foamed granulate according to the present invention.
- a hybrid material containing a matrix made of a polymer (PM) and a foamed granulate according to the present invention.
- Materials which comprise a foamed granulate and a matrix material are referred to as hybrid materials in the context of this invention.
- the matrix material can consist of a compact material or also of a foam.
- Polymers (PM) suitable as matrix material are known per se to the person skilled in the art.
- ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, epoxy-based binders or even polyurethanes are suitable.
- Polyurethane foams or compact polyurethanes, such as elastic polyurethanes, for example, are suitable according to the invention.
- the polymer (PM) is selected such that there is sufficient adhesion between the foamed granulate and the matrix in order to obtain a mechanically stable hybrid material.
- the matrix can completely or partially surround the foamed granulate.
- the hybrid material can contain further components, for example further fillers or granulates.
- the hybrid material can also contain mixtures of different polymers (PM).
- the hybrid material can also contain mixtures of different polymers (PM).
- Foamed granules which can be used in addition to the foamed granules according to the present invention are known per se to the person skilled in the art. Foamed granules made from thermoplastic polyurethanes are particularly suitable for the purposes of the present invention.
- the present invention accordingly also relates to a
- Hybrid material containing a matrix made of a polymer (PM), a foamed granulate according to the present invention and a further foamed granulate made of a thermoplastic polyurethane.
- the matrix consists of a polymer (PM).
- suitable matrix material are, for example, elastomers or foams, in particular foams based on polyurethanes, for example elastomers such as ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers or thermoplastic or elastic polyurethanes .
- the present invention also relates to a hybrid material as described above, the polymer (PM) being an elastomer.
- the present invention also relates to a hybrid material as described above, the polymer (PM) being selected from the group consisting of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers and thermoplastic or elastic polyurethanes.
- the present invention also relates to a hybrid material containing a matrix made from an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and a foamed granulate according to the present invention.
- the present invention relates to a hybrid material containing a matrix composed of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, a foamed granulate according to the present invention and a further foamed granulate, for example composed of a thermoplastic polyurethane.
- the present invention relates to a hybrid material containing a matrix made of an elastic polyurethane and a foamed granulate according to the present invention.
- the present invention relates to a hybrid material containing a matrix made of a thermoplastic or elastic polyurethane, a foamed granulate according to the present invention and a further foamed granulate, for example made of a thermoplastic polyurethane.
- a thermoplastic and elastic polyurethanes are known per se to the person skilled in the art. Suitable polyurethanes are described, for example, in "Kunststoffhandbuch, Volume 7, Polyurethane", Carl Hanser Verlag, 3rd Edition 1993, Chapter 3.
- the polymer (PM) is preferably a polyurethane.
- Polyurethane in the context of the invention includes all known elastic polyisocyanate polyadducts. These include, in particular, solid polyisocyanate polyaddition products, such as viscoelastic gels or thermoplastic polyurethanes, and elastic foams based on polyisocyanate polyadducts such as
- polyurethanes are to be understood as meaning elastic polymer blends containing polyurethanes and other polymers, and also foams made from these polymer blends.
- the matrix is preferably a hardened, compact polyurethane binder, an elastic polyurethane foam or a viscoelastic gel.
- a polyurethane binder is understood to mean a mixture which comprises at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 80% by weight and in particular at least 95% by weight of a prepolymer containing isocyanate groups, hereinafter referred to as isocyanate prepolymer called, exists.
- isocyanate prepolymer a prepolymer containing isocyanate groups
- Viscosity of the polyurethane binder according to the invention is preferably in a range from 500 to 4000 mPa.s, particularly preferably from 1000 to 3000 mPa.s, measured at 25 ° C. in accordance with DIN 53 018.
- polyurethane foams are understood to mean foams according to DIN 7726.
- the density of the matrix material is preferably in the range from 1.2 to 0.01 g / cm 3 .
- the matrix material is particularly preferably an elastic foam or an integral foam with a density in the range from 0.8 to 0.1 g / cm 3, in particular from 0.6 to 0.3 g / cm 3, or a compact material, for example a hardened polyurethane binder.
- Foams in particular are suitable as matrix material.
- Hybrid materials that are a
- Matrix material composed of a polyurethane foam preferably have good adhesion between the matrix material and the foamed granulate.
- the present invention also relates to a hybrid material containing a matrix made of a polyurethane foam and a foamed granulate according to the present invention.
- the present invention relates to a hybrid material containing a matrix composed of a polyurethane foam, a foamed granulate according to the present invention and a further foamed granulate, for example composed of a thermoplastic polyurethane.
- the present invention relates to a hybrid material containing a matrix made of a polyurethane integral foam and a foamed granulate according to the present invention.
- the present invention relates to a hybrid material containing a matrix made of a polyurethane integral foam, a foamed granulate according to the present invention and a further foamed granulate, for example made of a thermoplastic polyurethane.
- a hybrid material according to the invention containing a polymer (PM) as a matrix and a foamed granulate according to the invention can be produced, for example, by mixing the components used to produce the polymer (PM) and the foamed granulate with further components and converting them to form the hybrid material, the The reaction is preferably carried out under conditions under which the foamed granulate is essentially stable.
- Suitable processes and reaction conditions for producing the polymer (PM), in particular an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer or a polyurethane, are known per se to the person skilled in the art.
- the hybrid materials according to the invention are integral skin foams, in particular integral skin foams based on polyurethanes.
- suitable processes for producing integral skin foams are known per se to the person skilled in the art.
- the integral skin foams are preferably produced by the one-shot process with the aid of low-pressure or high-pressure technology in closed, expediently temperature-controlled molds.
- the molds are usually made of metal, e.g. Aluminum or steel.
- the amount of the reaction mixture introduced into the molding tool is such that the molded bodies obtained from integral skin foams have a density of 0.08 to 0.70 g / cm 3 , in particular 0.12 to 0.60 g / cm 3 .
- the degrees of compaction for producing the molded bodies with a compacted edge zone and a cellular core are in the range from 1.1 to 8.5, preferably from 2.1 to 7.0.
- hybrid materials with a matrix of a polymer (PM) and the foamed granulate according to the invention contained therein, in which there is a homogeneous distribution of the foamed particles.
- the foamed granulate according to the invention can easily be used in a process for the production of a hybrid material, since the individual particles are free-flowing due to their small size and not none make special demands on processing. Techniques for homogeneous distribution of the foamed granulate, such as slow rotation of the mold, can be used.
- Auxiliaries and / or additives can optionally also be added to the reaction mixture for producing the hybrid materials according to the invention.
- Examples include surface-active substances, foam stabilizers, cell regulators, release agents, fillers, dyes, pigments, hydrolysis inhibitors, odor-absorbing substances and fungistatic and bacteriostatic substances.
- emulsifiers such as the sodium salts of castor oil sulfates or of fatty acids, as well as salts of fatty acids with amines, e.g. oleic acid diethylamine, stearic acid diethanolamine, ricinoleic acid diethanolamine, salts of sulfonic acids, e.g. Alkali or ammonium salts of dodecylbenzene or
- Foam stabilizers such as siloxane-oxalkylene copolymers and other organopolysiloxanes, ethoxylated alkylphenols, ethoxylated fatty alcohols, paraffin oils, castor oil or. Ricinoleic acid esters, turkey red oil and peanut oil, and cell regulators such as paraffins, fatty alcohols and dimethylpolysiloxanes.
- Oligomeric acrylates with polyoxyalkylene and fluoroalkane residues are also suitable for improving the emulsifying effect, the cell structure and / or stabilizing the foam
- Suitable release agents are: reaction products of fatty acid esters with polyisocyanates, salts of polysiloxanes and fatty acids containing amino groups, salts of saturated or unsaturated (cyclo) aliphatic carboxylic acids with at least 8 carbon atoms and tertiary amines and, in particular, internal release agents such as carboxylic acid esters and / or -amides made by esterification or amidation of a mixture of
- Fillers are the customary organic and inorganic fillers, reinforcing agents, weighting agents, agents for improving the abrasion behavior in paints, coating agents, etc., which are known per se.
- inorganic fillers such as silicate minerals, for example sheet silicates such as antigorite, bentonite, serpentine, horn blends, amphiboles, chrystile, talc;
- Metal oxides such as kaolin, aluminum oxides, titanium oxides, zinc oxide and iron oxides, metal salts such as chalk, barite and inorganic pigments such as Cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide and glass, etc.
- kaolin china clay
- aluminum silicate and coprecipitates of barium sulfate and aluminum silicate as well as natural and synthetic fibrous minerals such as wollastonite, metal and especially glass fibers of various lengths, which can optionally be sized.
- organic fillers are: carbon black, melamine, rosin,
- Cyclopentadienyl resins and graft polymers as well as cellulose fibers, polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, polyurethane, polyester fibers based on aromatic and / or aliphatic dicarboxylic acid esters and especially carbon fibers.
- the inorganic and organic fillers can be used individually or as mixtures.
- the proportion by volume of the foamed granulate is preferably 20 percent by volume and more, particularly preferably 50
- volume percent and more preferably 80 volume percent and more and in particular 90 volume percent and more, each based on the volume of the invention
- hybrid materials according to the invention in particular hybrid materials with a matrix of cellular polyurethane, are distinguished by very good adhesion of the matrix material to the foamed granulate according to the invention.
- an inventive tear breaks
- Hybrid material preferably not at the interface between matrix material and foamed granulate. This makes it possible to produce hybrid materials that are opposite
- conventional polymer materials in particular conventional polyurethane materials, have improved mechanical properties such as tear strength and elasticity with the same density.
- the elasticity of hybrid materials according to the invention in the form of integral skin foams is preferably greater than 40% and particularly preferably greater than 50% according to DIN 53512.
- hybrid materials according to the invention in particular those based on integral foams, show high rebound elasticities at low density.
- the hybrid materials according to the invention in particular those based on integral foams, show high rebound elasticities at low density.
- Integral foams based on hybrid materials according to the invention are therefore outstandingly suitable as materials for shoe soles. This results in light and comfortable soles with good durability properties.
- Such materials are particularly as
- hybrid materials according to the invention with a cellular matrix are suitable, for example, for upholstery, for example for furniture, and mattresses.
- Hybrid materials with a matrix made of a viscoelastic gel are particularly characterized by increased viscoelasticity and improved elastic properties. These materials are therefore also suitable as upholstery materials, for example for seats, especially saddles such as bicycle saddles or motorcycle saddles.
- Hybrid materials with a compact matrix are suitable, for example, as floor coverings, in particular as a covering for playgrounds, athletics running tracks, sports fields and sports halls.
- the properties of the hybrid materials according to the invention can vary within wide ranges depending on the polymer (PM) used and can be determined in particular by varying the size, shape and nature of the expanded granules, or also by adding further additives, for example also other non-foamed granules such as plastic granules, for example rubber granulate, can be varied within wide limits.
- PM polymer
- hybrid materials according to the invention have a high level of durability and resilience, which is particularly noticeable through a high tensile strength and elongation at break.
- hybrid materials according to the invention have a low density.
- Foamed granules comprising a composition (Z1) containing a
- composition (Z1) has a Shore hardness in the range from 15 A to 43 A.
- plasticizer (W) is selected from derivatives of citric acid and glycerol or mixtures of two or more thereof, wherein at least one hydroxyl group of the glycerol is esterified with a monocarboxylic acid which is 1, Contains 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms.
- Composition (Z1) contains an ester of a tricarboxylic acid as plasticizer (W2).
- thermoplastic polyurethane TPU-1
- thermoplastic polyurethane TPU-1
- TPU-1 thermoplastic polyurethane
- thermoplastic polyurethane which is selected from the group consisting of 2,2'-, 2,4'- and / or 4,4'- diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), 2,4- and / or 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate (TDI), 4,4'-, 2,4'- and / or 2,2'-methylenedicyclohexyl diisocyanate (H 12MDI) ,
- HDI Hexamethylene diisocyanate
- IPDI 1-isocyanato-3,3,5-trimethyl-5-isocyanatomethyl-cyclohexane
- a method for producing a foamed granulate comprising the steps
- composition (i) providing a composition (Z1) containing a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU-1) and at least one plasticizer (W), the composition (Z1) having a Shore hardness in the range from 15 A to 43 A;
- a method for producing a foamed granulate comprising the steps:
- the driving agent is selected from the group consisting of butane, propane, pentane, carbon dioxide and nitrogen.
- composition (Z1) has a Shore hardness in the range from 15 A to 43 A.
- plasticizer (W) is selected from derivatives of citric acid and glycerol or mixtures of two or more thereof, wherein at least one hydroxyl group of the glycerol is esterified with a monocarboxylic acid which is 1, 2 , 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms.
- composition (Z1) contains an ester of a tricarboxylic acid as a plasticizer (W2).
- thermoplastic polyurethane TPU-1
- thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU-1) is selected from the group consisting of 1,2-ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol and 1,6-hexanediol.
- thermoplastic polyurethane TPU-1
- MDI 4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate
- TDI 2,4- and / or 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate
- H 12MDI 4,4'-, 2,4'- and / or 2,2'-methylenedicyclohexyl diisocyanate
- HDI Hexamethylene diisocyanate
- IPDI 1-isocyanato-3,3,5-trimethyl-5-isocyanatomethyl-cyclohexane
- Shoe sole part of a shoe sole, a bicycle saddle, padding, a mattress, pillow, backrest, arm pad, pad, pad, handle, protective film, is a component in the automotive interior and exterior.
- foamed particles according to one of the embodiments 1 to 9 or 21 in balls and sports equipment or as flooring and wall cladding, in particular for sports surfaces, athletics running tracks, sports halls, children's playgrounds and sidewalks.
- Embodiments 10 to 20 Embodiments 10 to 20.
- thermoplastic polyurethane thermoplastic polyurethane
- Hybrid material according to embodiment 26, wherein the polymer (PM) is an elastic polyurethane.
- Hybrid material according to embodiment 26, wherein the polymer (PM) is a polyurethane foam.
- TPU 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate
- 88.8 parts of chain extender ButanedioH 4 and 700 parts of polytetrahydrofuran with a number average molecular weight of 1 kg / mol
- TPU reaction extruder
- the zone temperatures of the extruder between 140 ° C and 210 ° C.
- 15.3 parts of a phenolic antioxidant and 25 ppm of a 25% strength solution of dioctyl adipate of tin dioctoate are added as a reaction catalyst. From the so produced TPU granulate is used to produce extrusion strands on which the test values are determined.
- Tin dioctoate added as a reaction catalyst.
- the rind obtained is tempered for 15 hours at 80 ° C. in a forced-air oven and then comminuted.
- the TPU granulate produced in this way is used to produce extrusion strands on which the test values are determined.
- Polymer diols made from adipic acid, ethanediol, 2, butanediol1, 4, the latter in a mass ratio of 1: 1, the number average molar mass of 2000 g / mol and 231.2 parts of acetyl tributyl citrate are synthesized in a reaction extruder to give TPU
- a lubricant partially saponified montanic acid ester
- Zone temperatures of the extruder are between 140 ° C and 210 ° C.
- 3.08 parts of a phenolic antioxidant 3.62 parts of a lubricant (partially saponified montanic acid ester) are added during the reaction.
- the TPU granulate produced in this way is used to produce extrusion strands on which the test values are determined.
- Polymer diols made from adipic acid, ethanediol, 2, butanediol1, 4, the latter in a mass ratio of 1: 1, the number average molar mass of 2000 g / mol and 231.2 parts of acetyl tributyl citrate are synthesized in a reaction extruder to give TPU
- the TPU granulate produced in this way is used to produce extrusion strands on which the test values are determined.
- the product obtained is heated to 85 ° C. in a heatable mixer (DiOsa type) and mixed with 25% by weight of glycerol triacetate. After a mixing step of 90 minutes, the product is stirred up
- the plasticizer is absorbed homogeneously by the TPU.
- the TPU granulate produced in this way is used to produce extrusion strands on which the test values are determined.
- the TPU granulate produced in this way is used to produce extrusion strands on which the test values are determined.
- the product is heated to 85 ° C. in a heatable mixer (DiOsa type) and 45% by weight of glycerol triacetate are added. After a mixing step of 180 minutes, the product is cooled to room temperature with stirring. The plasticizer is absorbed homogeneously by the TPU. From the so produced TPU granulate, extrusion strands are produced on which the test values are determined. 3. Properties of the products obtained
- TPU penetrated.
- the particles were then subjected to a pressure surge.
- the CO 2 which was previously under high pressure, expanded to normal pressure and during this process foamed up the partially softened TPU.
- the sudden cooling caused by the gas expansion solidified the TPU into a stable particle foam.
- Measurement methods For material characterization, i.a. the following measurement methods can be used:
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
- Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP20706304.1A EP3931244A1 (de) | 2019-02-28 | 2020-02-27 | Weicher partikelschaum aus thermoplastischem polyurethan |
BR112021014902-3A BR112021014902A2 (pt) | 2019-02-28 | 2020-02-27 | Material de pelotas espumadas, processos de produção de material de pelotas espumadas, material de pelotas espumadas, uso de material de pelotas espumadas, uso de pelotas espumadas e material híbrido |
KR1020217031199A KR20210134709A (ko) | 2019-02-28 | 2020-02-27 | 열가소성 폴리우레탄으로 구성된 연질 입자 발포체 |
MX2021010377A MX2021010377A (es) | 2019-02-28 | 2020-02-27 | Espuma de particulas suaves que consiste en poliuretano termoplastico. |
CA3131813A CA3131813A1 (en) | 2019-02-28 | 2020-02-27 | Soft particle foam consisting of thermoplastic polyurethane |
CN202080017489.7A CN113490706A (zh) | 2019-02-28 | 2020-02-27 | 由热塑性聚氨酯组成的软丸粒泡沫 |
US17/432,970 US20220153948A1 (en) | 2019-02-28 | 2020-02-27 | Soft particle foam consisting of thermoplastic polyurethane |
JP2021551530A JP2022522466A (ja) | 2019-02-28 | 2020-02-27 | 熱可塑性ポリウレタンからなる軟質粒子フォーム |
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EP19159922.4 | 2019-02-28 | ||
EP19159922 | 2019-02-28 |
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WO2020174040A1 true WO2020174040A1 (de) | 2020-09-03 |
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PCT/EP2020/055121 WO2020174040A1 (de) | 2019-02-28 | 2020-02-27 | Weicher partikelschaum aus thermoplastischem polyurethan |
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US (1) | US20220153948A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3931244A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2022522466A (de) |
KR (1) | KR20210134709A (de) |
CN (1) | CN113490706A (de) |
BR (1) | BR112021014902A2 (de) |
CA (1) | CA3131813A1 (de) |
MX (1) | MX2021010377A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2020174040A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
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WO2022229070A1 (de) * | 2021-04-30 | 2022-11-03 | Fox Velution Gmbh | Verfahren zur herstellung zellulärer kunststoffpartikel |
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CN115703896A (zh) * | 2021-08-11 | 2023-02-17 | 山东雷德新材料有限公司 | 一种热塑性聚氨酯弹性体发泡材料及其制备方法和应用 |
CN115260736A (zh) * | 2022-07-22 | 2022-11-01 | 塔拉蒂安智能家居科技(成都)有限公司 | 一种床垫内芯材料配方及其制造方法 |
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-
2020
- 2020-02-27 US US17/432,970 patent/US20220153948A1/en active Pending
- 2020-02-27 KR KR1020217031199A patent/KR20210134709A/ko unknown
- 2020-02-27 CN CN202080017489.7A patent/CN113490706A/zh active Pending
- 2020-02-27 WO PCT/EP2020/055121 patent/WO2020174040A1/de unknown
- 2020-02-27 BR BR112021014902-3A patent/BR112021014902A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2020-02-27 EP EP20706304.1A patent/EP3931244A1/de active Pending
- 2020-02-27 JP JP2021551530A patent/JP2022522466A/ja active Pending
- 2020-02-27 MX MX2021010377A patent/MX2021010377A/es unknown
- 2020-02-27 CA CA3131813A patent/CA3131813A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR20210134709A (ko) | 2021-11-10 |
US20220153948A1 (en) | 2022-05-19 |
BR112021014902A2 (pt) | 2021-09-28 |
CN113490706A (zh) | 2021-10-08 |
CA3131813A1 (en) | 2020-09-03 |
MX2021010377A (es) | 2021-10-01 |
EP3931244A1 (de) | 2022-01-05 |
JP2022522466A (ja) | 2022-04-19 |
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