WO2020162100A1 - 甘い風味が増強された乾燥植物粉末及び飲食品 - Google Patents
甘い風味が増強された乾燥植物粉末及び飲食品 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020162100A1 WO2020162100A1 PCT/JP2020/000615 JP2020000615W WO2020162100A1 WO 2020162100 A1 WO2020162100 A1 WO 2020162100A1 JP 2020000615 W JP2020000615 W JP 2020000615W WO 2020162100 A1 WO2020162100 A1 WO 2020162100A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L7/00—Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L7/10—Cereal-derived products
- A23L7/198—Dry unshaped finely divided cereal products, not provided for in groups A23L7/117 - A23L7/196 and A23L29/00, e.g. meal, flour, powder, dried cereal creams or extracts
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L19/00—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L19/01—Instant products; Powders; Flakes; Granules
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L11/00—Pulses, i.e. fruits of leguminous plants, for production of food; Products from legumes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L11/05—Mashed or comminuted pulses or legumes; Products made therefrom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L19/00—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L19/10—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof of tuberous or like starch containing root crops
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L19/00—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L19/10—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof of tuberous or like starch containing root crops
- A23L19/105—Sweet potatoes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L19/00—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L19/10—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof of tuberous or like starch containing root crops
- A23L19/12—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof of tuberous or like starch containing root crops of potatoes
- A23L19/15—Unshaped dry products, e.g. powders, flakes, granules or agglomerates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L23/00—Soups; Sauces; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L23/10—Soup concentrates, e.g. powders or cakes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L25/00—Food consisting mainly of nutmeat or seeds; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L25/30—Mashed or comminuted products, e.g. pulp, pastes, meal, powders; Products made therefrom, e.g. blocks, flakes, snacks; Liquid or semi-liquid products
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L27/88—Taste or flavour enhancing agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L31/00—Edible extracts or preparations of fungi; Preparation or treatment thereof
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a dried plant powder having an enhanced sweet flavor, a food and drink, a method for producing the same, and a method for enhancing the sweet flavor of a dried plant powder.
- dried vegetables are dried by a crushing process such as cutting or grazing and a drying process such as spray drying or freeze drying. For this reason, the cellular tissue of vegetables is destroyed, the intracellular components come into contact with the air, and the components in the vegetables are denatured by the reaction by internal enzymes or the oxidation reaction, which leads to a dry odor such as a fishy smell or earthy odor. A problem was that odor was generated and the flavor was inferior to that of raw vegetables and frozen vegetables.
- a method for suppressing flavor deterioration in the vegetable drying step a method is known in which vegetables are pulverized in the presence of an aqueous medium, and then a solid-liquid separation treatment is performed to freeze-dry a precipitate (patented). Reference 1). Further, a method for producing dried instant soup sauces containing vegetables to which a sulfur-containing compound such as glutathione is added is known (Patent Document 2). Furthermore, by blending a mixture of monoglucosyl hesperidin and hesperidin in a specific ratio, a dry odor is suppressed, a flavor is good, and continuous intake is easy, and soups that can be easily ingested are known (patented. Reference 3).
- An object of the present invention is to provide a means for easily controlling a dry odor in a dried plant powder to bring out a sweet flavor peculiar to the plant.
- the present inventors as a result of earnest research in view of the above circumstances, while containing a specific amount of dietary fiber and a sulfur-containing compound, by setting the particle diameter of the dry plant powder to a certain value or less, simultaneously the above problems They have found that they can be solved easily and have completed the present invention.
- the present invention provides the following [1] to [10].
- Dietary fiber content is 5% by mass or more in terms of dry weight
- Dimethyl sulfoxide content is 1 ppb or more and 40000 ppb or less
- d50 of particle diameter after ultrasonic treatment is 1000 ⁇ m or less
- Dimethyl sulfide content Is 1 ppb or more and 2000 ppb or less
- the ratio of the dimethyl sulfoxide content to the dimethyl sulfide content (DMSO concentration/DMS concentration) is 0.001 or more and 180 or less [2] and further satisfies the following (6), [1] Dry plant powder as described.
- Dried plants having a dietary fiber content of 5% by mass or more in terms of dry weight are pulverized to give dimethyl sulfoxide of 1 ppb or more and 40000 ppb or less and dimethyl sulfide of 1 ppb or more and 2000 ppb or less and dimethyl sulfoxide content based on the dimethyl sulfide content.
- Dietary fiber content is 5% by mass or more in terms of dry weight, to a dry plant pulverized product, dimethyl sulfoxide is 1 ppb or more and 40,000 ppb or less, and dimethyl sulfide is 1 ppb or more and 2,000 ppb or less and dimethyl sulfoxide content based on dimethyl sulfide content.
- the plant in the present invention refers to a plant that contains the edible part and/or the non-edible part and is used for human food and drink, that is, an edible plant.
- the plant in the present invention is not limited as long as it is used for human food and drink, and examples thereof include vegetables, potatoes, mushrooms, fruits, algae, grains, seeds, beans and the like.
- the present invention is more useful for vegetables, potatoes, mushrooms, fruits, algae, cereals, seeds and beans that originally contain sweetening ingredients, and vegetables, potatoes, mushrooms, fruits , Seeds, cereals, beans, and particularly useful for vegetables, potatoes, seeds, cereals, beans.
- the powdery food of the present invention contains an insoluble dietary fiber localized site, dimethyl sulfoxide and/or dimethyl sulfide is retained in dietary fiber during pulverization and drying, and thus is less likely to be reduced, and thus has excellent storage stability. It can be a dried plant powder, which is preferable.
- the insoluble dietary fiber localized portion in the present invention is a portion in which the insoluble dietary fiber is localized in the entire food material including the edible portion and the non-edible portion, specifically, the insoluble dietary fiber content ratio in the entire food material Represents a portion having a high insoluble dietary fiber content, more preferably 1.1 times or more, further preferably 1.2 times or more, further preferably 1.3 times or more the insoluble dietary fiber content in the entire food material, It is preferably 1.4 times or more, more preferably 1.5 times or more, further preferably 1.6 times or more, more preferably 1.7 times or more, further preferably 1.8 times or more, further preferably 1.9 times.
- the insoluble dietary fiber localized portion has a content of insoluble dietary fiber in terms of dry weight of more than 10% by mass, more preferably more than 11% by mass, further preferably more than 12% by mass, further preferably more than 13% by mass, further preferably Is more than 14% by mass, more preferably more than 15% by mass, further preferably more than 16% by mass, more preferably more than 17% by mass, further preferably more than 18% by mass, further preferably more than 19% by mass, further preferably 20% by mass. It is preferably more than mass %.
- the insoluble dietary fiber localized portion in the present invention may be either the “edible portion” or the “non-edible portion” of the above-mentioned food material, but the insoluble dietary fiber localized portion is “non-edible portion”. "Part” is preferred.
- the portion and the ratio of the non-edible portion are those skilled in the art who handle the food or processed food products. Then, of course, it is possible to understand.
- the “disposal site” and the “disposal rate” described in the Japanese Food Standard Ingredient Table 2015 (7th edition) can be referred to as the inedible site and the ratio, respectively. It should be noted that from the parts and ratios of the non-edible parts in the food material, the parts and ratios of the edible parts, and by extension, the parts constituting the entire food material, can be understood.
- vegetables include, but are not limited to, radish, carrot, rutabaga, parsnip, turnip, black salsify, lotus root, beet (preferably beet root: edible beet root). Varieties to improve), quai, shallot, garlic, rakkyo, lily, kale, onion, asparagus, udo, cabbage, lettuce, spinach, Chinese cabbage, oilseed rape, komatsuna, bok choy, leek, leek, nozawana, butterbur, Chard (unrestricted grass, Swiss chard), Mizuna, tomato, eggplant, pumpkin, bell pepper, cucumber, ginger, cauliflower, broccoli, edible chrysanthemum, bitter gourd, okra, artichoke, zucchini, beetroot, tiger nuts, ginger, perilla, wasabi, paprika , Herbs (watercress, coriander, querce rhinoceros, celery, tarragon, chives, cher
- carrot, pumpkin, tomato, paprika, cabbage, beet preferably beets (beetroot)
- onion, broccoli, asparagus, spinach, kale, etc. are preferable
- carrot, pumpkin, paprika, beet preferably beets) (Beetroot)
- broccoli, spinach, kale, tomato and the like are particularly preferable.
- potatoes include, but are not limited to, sweet potato, cassava, yacon, taro, taro, konjac, tassel (polynesian arrow root), potato, purple potato, chrysanthemum, katakuri, yam, yam. , Potatoes, scraps, and the like. Among them, purple potato, sweet potato and the like are particularly preferable.
- mushrooms include, but are not limited to, shiitake mushrooms, matsutake mushrooms, mushrooms, maitake mushrooms, sarcoma edulis, oyster mushrooms, eryngii, enokitake mushrooms, shimeji mushrooms, armillaria mushrooms, mushrooms, nameko, atake mushrooms, mushrooms, and mushrooms. ..
- fruits include, but are not limited to, Karin, Chinese quince (white pear, Chinese pear), pear, quince, Atlantic quince, Juneberry, Cipoba, apple, American cherry (black cherry, dark cherry). ), apricots (apricots, apricots, apricots), plums (plums), cherries (cherries, sweet cherries), cherry blossoms, spinosa peaches, plums (li, acid peaches), peaches, ginkgo (ginko), chestnuts, akebi (trees) ), figs (no fruits), oysters, blackcurrants (blackcurrants), raspberries (tree strawberries), kiwifruits (kiwi), gummy (gardles, peppercorns, mushrooms), mulberry (mulberry, dodo), cranberries (red bilberries).
- Karin Chinese quince (white pear, Chinese pear), pear, quince, Atlantic quince, Juneberry, Cipoba, apple
- Bilberry moss peach, rock peach, hamanashi, rice ball
- pomegranate pomegranate, stone garlic
- sardine monkey pear, syracchizuru, kokuwa
- sea buckthorn sea buckthorn
- currant vinegar lump, gooseberry
- jujube jujube
- elderfish garden ume, koume, gourd
- haskap black minnow squirrel
- bilberry red currant (buncher acid, red currant), grape (black grape), blackberry, blueberry, paw poe ( Popow, Pow Pow, Popow), Matsuba, Raspberry, Yusurume, Mandarin orange, Kumquat, Karratachi, Olive, Loquat, Bayberry (Mountain peach, Yangmei), Rakan fruit, Tropical fruits (Mango, Mangosteen, Papaya, Cherimoya, Atemoya, Banana) , Tropical fruits such as durian, star fruit
- algae examples include, but are not limited to, large algae such as kelp, seaweed, seaweed, blue-green algae, agar, and green algae, red algae, cyanobacteria, dinoflagellates, euglena. And other microalgae.
- Specific examples include blue seaweed, blue seaweed (green seaweed), yellow-bellied seaweed, sea urchin (constricted creeper), black clawed squirrel, cucumber vine, cromil, tamamil, tori no ashi (squid), star-tailed squirrel, hiraaonori, fusaiwadazu, boaonori, akamaku, ajimakusa, amigosa, amigosa, amigaku, azure, azure.
- Antokume Ishige, Ichimegasa, Iroro, Iwahigashi, Umitranoo, Umiuchiwa, Obamamok, Okinawa Mozuku, Kaigaramaori, Kagomenori, Kajime (Alame), Kayamonori, Gibasa (Akamoku, Silver leaf grass, God horsegrass, Nagusa) , Shiwayahazu, Habanori, Tsuruameme, Nanori (Kayamonori), Nebarimo, Sawmillimo, Habanori, Hijiki, Hirome, Fukuronori, Futomozuku, Nissanwarara, Macombus, Matsumo, Mugiwara, Mochiwa, Mazumo, Mozuku, Mozu, Mozuku, Mozu , Asakusanori, Ibotunonomata, Ushikenori, Usukawa Kaninote, Ezotsunomata (Black Hagnan Nanso), Oobusa, Ogo Nori, Oki Nonori, Ob
- Tosaka nori Tosaka pine, Nori seaweed (fukurofunori), Nori seaweed (seaweed, susabinori), Hanafunori, Hedgehog, Hiragaragara, Hirakusa, Hiramukade, Pirihiba, Fukurofunori, Funakurina, Mirima, Mimizudori, Mitsudosa, Mitsudosa, Mitsuda Examples include centipede, eucalyptus, eucalyptus, and Amakusa.
- some microalgae such as chlorella have a very strong cell wall, so for microalgae, use after performing pretreatment to destroy the cell wall, or algae other than microalgae Is preferably used.
- seeds include, but are not limited to, almonds, cashews, pecans, macadamia nuts, pistachios, hazelnuts, coconuts, pine nuts, sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds, watermelon seeds. , Shii, walnut, chestnut, ginkgo, sesame, brazil nut and the like. Among them, almond, cashew nut, macadamia nut, pistachio, hazelnut, coconut and the like are preferable.
- beans examples include, but are not limited to, kidney beans (Kidgen beans), kidney beans, red kidney beans, white kidney beans, black beans, quail beans, lentils, lima beans, safflower beans, peas (eg, yellow beans). Peas, white peas, green peas, blue peas, especially unripe seeds harvested with their pods, and green peas that are immature seeds characterized by the appearance of green beans.
- beans mung beans, cowpeas, azuki beans, broad beans, soybeans (especially soybeans), chickpeas, lentils, lentils, lentils, peanuts, lupine beans, gras peas, carob, screw-leaves beans, coffee beans, coffee beans Examples include beans, cacao beans, and Mexican beans.
- some edible parts green soybeans, green peas, etc.
- they are treated as vegetables, whether or not they are beans in the state of the whole plant (soybean, pea, etc.) combined with the non-edible parts (pods, etc.) You can judge.
- peas particularly green peas, which are immature seeds that are harvested with their pods in an immature state and the beans have a green appearance
- soybeans especially soybeans in an immature state
- the soybeans are immature seeds, which are characterized in that the beans have a green appearance.
- cereals include, but are not limited to, corn (especially sweet corn), rice, wheat, barley, sorghum, oat, triticale, rye, buckwheat, fonio, quinoa, knee, millet, acne. , Giant corn, sugar cane, amaranth and the like. Among them, corn (particularly sweet corn), giant corn and the like are preferable.
- the dried plant of the present invention may be prepared by subjecting the above various edible plants to a drying treatment.
- a drying method any method generally used for drying foods can be used. Examples include sun drying, shade drying, freeze drying, air drying (eg hot air drying, fluidized bed drying, spray drying, drum drying, low temperature drying, etc.), pressure drying, reduced pressure drying, microwave drying, oil heat drying, etc.
- air drying for example, hot air drying, fluidized bed drying method, spray drying, drum drying, low temperature drying
- a method such as drying) or freeze drying is preferable.
- the “dry” state in the present invention refers to a state where the water content is approximately 20% by mass or less and the water activity value is 0.85 or less. Further, the water content is more preferably 15% by mass or less, more preferably 10% by mass or less, and further preferably 5% by mass or less. The lower limit is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.1% by mass or more. Furthermore, the water activity value is preferably 0.80 or less, more preferably 0.75 or less.
- a method for quantifying the water content a method in which dried plant powder is subjected to a vacuum heating drying method may be used. Specifically, an appropriate amount of sample is sampled in a weighing container (W0) that has become a constant weight in advance and weighs up to 0.1 mg (W1).
- the scale container is placed in a vacuum electric constant temperature dryer adjusted to a predetermined temperature (more specifically, 90° C.) with its lid open or with its mouth open.
- a predetermined temperature more specifically, 90° C.
- the door is closed, the vacuum pump is operated, and drying is performed for a certain period of time at a predetermined degree of reduced pressure. Stop the vacuum pump, send dry air to return to normal pressure, take out the weighing container, cover it, let it cool in a desiccator, and measure its mass. Drying, allowing to cool, and measuring the mass are repeated until a constant weight (W2, measuring up to 0.1 mg) is reached.
- the water content (mass %) is calculated by the following formula.
- the water activity value is a numerical value showing the ratio of free water in food and is used as an index of the preservability of food, and specifically, the equilibrium vapor pressure (p) of the headspace on the sample. Is the value obtained by dividing by the vapor pressure (p0) of water at the same temperature, in other words, the value obtained by dividing the equilibrium relative humidity (ERH) of the headspace by 100.
- the water activity value can be measured by using a general water activity measuring device (for example, “LabMaster-aw NEO” manufactured by Novacina Inc. using an electric resistance (electrolyte) humidity sensor).
- the means of pulverization used for pulverization is not particularly limited.
- the temperature during pulverization is not limited, and any of high temperature pulverization, normal temperature pulverization, and low temperature pulverization may be used.
- the pressure during crushing is not limited, and any of high pressure crushing, normal pressure crushing and low pressure crushing may be used. Examples of such an apparatus for the pulverization treatment include a blender, a mixer, a mill machine, a kneader, a pulverizer, a crusher, an attritor, and the like, but any of these may be used.
- a medium stirring mill such as a dry bead mill, a ball mill (rolling type, a vibration type, etc.), a jet mill, a high speed rotation type impact mill (pin mill, etc.), a roll mill, a hammer mill and the like can be used.
- the dry plant powder of the present invention contains a certain amount or more of dietary fiber.
- the dietary fiber as used herein refers to the total amount of water-soluble dietary fiber and insoluble dietary fiber.
- the dietary fiber content of the dry plant powder of the present invention is usually 5% by mass or more in terms of dry weight, but 6% by mass or more is preferable, and 8% by mass or more is more preferable. It is preferably 9% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 10% by mass or more.
- the upper limit of the dietary fiber content is preferably 90% by mass or less, more preferably 80% by mass or less, more preferably 70% by mass or less, more preferably 60% by mass or less, and further preferably 50% by mass or less.
- the dry plant powder in which the proportion of the insoluble dietary fiber is not less than the predetermined value is more preferable because the present invention can be effectively used because the dry odor which is the subject of the present invention is more likely to occur.
- the proportion of insoluble dietary fiber in the dietary fiber is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 60% by mass or more, and most preferably 70% by mass or more.
- the insoluble dietary fiber content is preferably 5% by mass or more in terms of dry weight, more preferably 6% by mass or more, further preferably 8% by mass or more, preferably 9% by mass or more, and particularly 10% by mass or more. Is preferred.
- the upper limit of the insoluble dietary fiber content is preferably 90% by mass or less, more preferably 80% by mass or less, more preferably 70% by mass or less, more preferably 60% by mass or less, and further preferably 50% by mass or less.
- a general Prosky modified method can be used as a method for quantifying dietary fiber including insoluble dietary fiber.
- the dried plant powder of the present invention contains a certain amount or more of dimethyl sulfoxide (CAS No. 67-68-5, Dimethyl sulfoxide, also known as DMSO) from the viewpoint of suppressing dry odor and enhancing sweet flavor.
- the lower limit may be 1 ppb or more, but from the viewpoint of stronger effect of the present invention, 3 ppb or more is preferable, 5 ppb or more is more preferable, and 10 ppb or more is particularly preferable.
- the upper limit may be 40,000 ppb or less, but from the viewpoint of risk of off-flavor, 30,000 ppb or less is preferable, 20,000 ppb or less is preferable, further 10,000 ppb or less is preferable, and 5,000 ppb or less is particularly preferable, 2,000 ppb is particularly preferable. The following are preferred. If dimethyl sulfoxide is too concentrated, off-flavor is likely to occur, which is not preferable.
- the dried plant powder of the present invention contains a certain amount or more of dimethyl sulfide (CAS No. 75-18-3, dimethyl sulfide, also known as DMS) from the viewpoint of suppressing dry odor and enhancing sweet taste.
- the lower limit may be 1 ppb or more, but from the viewpoint of stronger effect of the present invention, 3 ppb or more is preferable, 5 ppb or more is more preferable, and 10 ppb or more is particularly preferable.
- the upper limit may be 2000 ppb or less, but from the viewpoint of occurrence of off-flavor, 1500 ppb or less is preferable, 1000 ppb or less is preferable, 800 ppb or less is further preferable, 700 ppb or less is further preferable, and further, It is preferably 600 ppb or less, more preferably 500 ppb or less, further preferably 400 ppb or less, and particularly preferably 300 ppb or less. If the dimethyl sulfide is too thick, the scent of the component is too conspicuous, which is not preferable.
- the dried plant powder of the present invention from the viewpoint of suppressing dry odor and enhancing sweet flavor, by adjusting the dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethyl sulfide in a certain amount or more to a predetermined ratio, a plant-derived gorgeous It is preferable because it makes it easy to feel a rich aroma and rich flavor.
- the ratio of the dimethyl sulfoxide content to the dimethyl sulfide content is usually 180 or less, particularly 150 or less, further 130 or less, further 110 or less, further 90 or less, further 70.
- it is preferably adjusted to 50 or less, further 30 or less, and further 15 or less.
- the lower limit is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.001 or more, particularly 0.005 or more, further 0.01 or more, further 0.10 or more, further 0.15 or more, further 0.20 or more, further Is preferably adjusted to 0.25 or more, more preferably 0.30 or more.
- the peak area ratio (DMSO/DMS) is usually adjusted to 0.1 or more, and more preferably 0.3 or more, and it is usually less than 10 and particularly less than 8. It is preferably adjusted. Further, in particular, when the content of dimethyl sulfide is 3 ppb or more, which is a threshold value, the odor of dimethyl sulfide is appropriately noticeable, which is more preferable.
- dimethyl sulfoxide is contained in beer and whiskey in Japan and overseas at about several ppm.
- DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
- DMS dimethyl sulfide
- the content of dimethyl sulfoxide when the content of dimethyl sulfoxide is measured, it can be measured by a combination of the following GC/MS analysis method and a pulse flame photometric detector, for example, according to a standard method.
- a solvent extraction method or SBSE method generally used as an extraction method for aroma components may be used, but dimethyl sulfoxide has an extremely high affinity for water. Therefore, it is preferable to volatilize a very small amount of sample by the DHS method to forcibly volatilize water-soluble components that cannot be measured by ordinary analysis, and to measure by using full evaporation dynamic headspace gas chromatograph mass spectrometry (hereinafter , "FE-DHS-GCMS”) method. Also, dimethyl sulfide can be analyzed by the same method.
- FE-DHS-GCMS full evaporation dynamic headspace gas chromatograph mass spectrometry
- a sample was well homogenized in an appropriate amount (preferably 20 times amount) of water to extract components, and the solid content was removed by filtration and the rest was weighed in a 10 mL flat-bottomed vial in a very small amount (preferably 0.03 g).
- an adsorption resin preferably Tenax column
- the sample is adsorbed by an adsorption resin (preferably Tenax column) according to the property of the analytical component, and then treated by using a thermal desorption system. It can be introduced into a two-dimensional gas chromatography analyzer for analysis.
- a sample with an arbitrary concentration of a standard product added to the sample is analyzed, and a sample without it is analyzed, and the standard product of an arbitrary concentration is analyzed based on the difference in the analysis values obtained from both samples.
- the peak area increased by the addition can be grasped and the concentration of the component in the sample before the addition of the standard can be measured.
- the mass spectrometer is not particularly limited as long as it has general mass spectrum analysis performance. Specifically, as the mass spectrometer, there are quadrupole type, ion trap type, and flight type. Time type and tandem type can be used. Suitably, for example, 5973 Mass Selective Detector (manufactured by Agilent) can be used.
- Ionization method, ionization voltage may be a general method or voltage condition, but preferably electron ionization method (EI), electrospray ionization method (ESI), matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization method (MALDI), chemical ionization method (CI).
- EI electron ionization method
- ESI electrospray ionization method
- MALDI matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization method
- CI chemical ionization method
- electrolytic desorption method FD
- electrolytic desorption method FD
- electrolytic desorption method FD
- electrolytic desorption method FD
- the results are captured in scan mode, and the ions characteristic of each component (dimethyl sulfoxide: 45, 63, 78, dimethyl sulfide: 35, 47, 62) can be used to perform mass spectral analysis by performing identification, and the retention time at which all of these related ions are detected in the standard product can be identified. By doing so, the retention time of dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethyl sulfide can be specified.
- FE-DHS-GC-MS analysis can be performed under the following conditions.
- a very low concentration of sulfur-containing compounds (dimethyl sulfoxide, etc.) in the sample can be detected by applying a pulse type flame photometric detector to a portion of the sample and analyzing the sulfur compounds in the sample.
- the pulse flame photometric detector may be any one that can be used as a general pulse flame photometric detector, but for example, an OI Analytical 5380 Pulsed Flame Photometric Detector (manufactured by OI Analytical) can be used.
- the sample can be analyzed in S mode (conditions optimized for sulfur).
- a sample of dimethyl sulfoxide or dimethyl sulfide with a known concentration (manufactured by FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Industries) diluted with water to an appropriate concentration is added to the sample for analysis.
- the pulse flame photometric detector burns a substance in a reducing hydrogen flame, and by detecting the light of a specific wavelength of 394 nm generated at that time, it is possible to selectively detect only the sulfur compound, and a very small amount of sulfur. The component can also be detected. Further, by utilizing its high selectivity, it can be used for detection of a very small amount of sulfur compound.
- odor and scent analysis are also used for detection, so that dimethyl sulfoxide, which is almost odorless, and dimethyl sulfide, which has a strong odor, can be distinguished.
- This pulse type flame photometric detector combined with high-sensitivity sulfur component detectability, qualitative analysis based on the mass spectrum pattern of the mass spectrometer, and discrimination based on aroma characteristics by scent scent analysis combined the retention time of around 22 minutes.
- the peaks were determined to be dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethyl sulfide, and the amount of confirmed ions (dimethyl sulfoxide: 78, dimethyl sulfide: 62) was compared between the sample non-added group and the sample added group to quantify the components in the sample,
- the peak area ratio (DMSO/DMS) of the confirmation ions (dimethyl sulfoxide: 78, dimethyl sulfide: 62) of each component extracted and volatilized in the 5 mass% aqueous solution was measured. ) Can be measured.
- the two-dimensional gas chromatography analysis can be performed under the following conditions.
- the dimethyl sulfoxide in the present invention may be a pure product or a composition containing the composition in a dry plant, but in the case where the dry plant powder of the present invention is used for food and drink, dimethyl sulfoxide, etc.
- the ingredient is preferably derived from foods and drinks, and more preferably derived from plants. The same applies to dimethyl sulfide.
- the d50 of the particle diameter of the dried plant powder after ultrasonic treatment is preferably set to a predetermined value or less from the viewpoint of suppressing dry odor and enhancing sweet taste.
- the particle diameter d50 may be 1000 ⁇ m or less. Among them, 600 ⁇ m or less is preferable, and 200 ⁇ m or less is more preferable.
- the d50 of the particle size of the dry plant powder is, when the particle size distribution of the dry plant powder is divided into two from a certain particle size, the ratio of the cumulative value of the particle frequency% on the large side and the particle frequency% on the small side.
- the ratio of the cumulative value to the ratio of the cumulative value is defined as the particle diameter of 50:50.
- the particle diameter d50 of the dried plant powder can be measured using, for example, a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring device described later.
- the term "particle size" as used herein means that measured on a volume basis unless otherwise specified.
- the conditions for measuring the d50 of the particle size of the dried plant powder of the present invention after ultrasonic treatment are not limited, but can be the following conditions.
- any solvent can be used as long as it does not easily affect the structure of the dried plant powder.
- the laser diffraction type particle size distribution measuring device used for measurement is not limited, but for example, Microtrac MT3300 EXII system of Microtrac Bell Co., Ltd. can be used.
- As the measurement application software for example, DMS2 (Data Management System version 2, Microtrack Bell Co., Ltd.) can be used, although not limited thereto.
- the washing button of the software is pressed to perform washing, and then the Setzero button of the software is pressed to perform zeroing, and the sample is loaded by sample loading.
- the sample may be added directly until the concentration falls within the proper range.
- ultrasonic treatment refers to a treatment of applying ultrasonic waves having a frequency of 40 kHz to the measurement sample at an output of 40 W for 3 minutes, unless otherwise specified.
- the particle size distribution of each channel is measured, and then the particle size of each measurement channel described in Table 1 below is used as a standard. It is preferable to use it. Specifically, the particle size is less than or equal to the particle size specified for each channel in Table 1 below, and is smaller than the particle size specified for the channel with a larger number (measurement lower limit particle size in the maximum channel of the measurement range).
- the frequency of large particles can be measured for each channel in Table 1 below, and the particle frequency% of each channel can be calculated with the total frequency of all channels within the measurement range as the denominator (this can be calculated as Also referred to as "frequency %").
- the particle frequency% of one channel represents the frequency% of particles of 2000.00 ⁇ m or less and greater than 1826.00 ⁇ m.
- the dry plant powder of the present invention is a dry plant having a dietary fiber content of not less than a predetermined amount, pulverized so that the d50 of the particle diameter after ultrasonic treatment becomes a predetermined value or less, and dimethyl sulfoxide and/or dimethyl sulfide is added. It can be produced by containing a predetermined amount. Details are as described above. It should be noted that, even in a mode in which a pure product of dimethyl sulfoxide and/or dimethyl sulfide or a composition containing the same is added to a plant powder before drying by a method such as addition or mixing, it is contained in a dried plant before drying and before crushing.
- the method may be soaking and crushing, or may be a method in which it is contained in dry plant powder.
- the dimethylsulfoxide-containing composition may be a food material (edible plant) containing dimethylsulfoxide and/or dimethylsulfide. It is particularly preferable that it is derived from a plant, and it preferably contains a site (for example, an inedible part) in which the component is localized among the sites derived from a plant. The same applies to dimethyl sulfide as for dimethyl sulfoxide.
- a pulverized product of a dried plant having a dietary fiber content of a predetermined amount or more and a particle diameter d50 after ultrasonication of a predetermined value or less is caused to contain a predetermined amount of dimethyl sulfoxide and/or dimethyl sulfide. Therefore, a method for enhancing the sweet flavor of dried plant powder is also included. Details are as described above.
- the present invention also includes foods and drinks containing the dried plant powder of the present invention. That is, by the effect of the dry plant powder of the present invention, in food and drink containing the dry plant powder, its dry odor is suppressed, the sweet flavor peculiar to the plant is enhanced to impart a preferable flavor of the edible plant to the food and drink to be added. It is possible to improve the flavor of the food or drink.
- the amount of the dry plant powder of the present invention to be added to the food or drink to be added is not particularly limited, and may be appropriately adjusted so that the flavor of the edible plant as the raw material for the dry plant powder can be imparted to the food and drink.
- the ratio of the edible plant to the total amount of food and drink is preferably 10% by mass or more, more preferably 20% by mass or more, more preferably 30% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 40% by mass or more in terms of dry weight ratio.
- the upper limit is preferably 100% by mass or less.
- the dry plant powder of the present invention may contain other food materials as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. Specifically, it refers to foodstuffs and ingredients larger than 2000 ⁇ m (2 mm) that are not the measurement targets of the laser diffraction particle size distribution measurement. Such other foodstuffs include grain puffs, dried seeds and fruits, and the like, but any of them may be used. These food materials may be used alone or in any combination of two or more. In addition, in this case, when measuring the 50% integrated diameter in a state where ultrasonic treatment is performed, the measurement is performed after excluding those having a measurement upper limit of 2000.00 ⁇ m or more among these ingredients.
- the food and drink of the present invention is not limited at all, but liquid foods such as beverages (eg soup, smoothies), liquid or semi-solid or solid foods and drinks such as seasonings (eg mayonnaise) , Dressing, butter, margarine), confectionery and other semi-solid or solid foods (for example, granola, sticks, crackers, caramel, gummy, chips), and dry foods such as dry seasonings.
- beverages eg soup, smoothies
- seasonings eg mayonnaise
- Dressing eg mayonnaise
- butter e.g., butter, margarine
- confectionery and other semi-solid or solid foods for example, granola, sticks, crackers, caramel, gummy, chips
- dry foods such as dry seasonings.
- edible plants having a dietary fiber content of 5% by mass or more in terms of dry weight are pulverized to contain dimethyl sulfoxide in an amount of 1 ppb or more and 40000 ppb or less, and the particle diameter d50 after ultrasonic treatment is 1000 ⁇ m or less.
- the method for producing a food or drink containing the fine particles derived from an edible plant is also included. Further, a method for producing a food or drink containing dimethyl sulfoxide and fine particles derived from an edible plant having a dimethyl sulfide content of 1 ppb or more and 2000 ppb or less is also included.
- dimethyl sulfoxide and/or dimethyl sulfide can be incorporated at any timing in the process of producing food or drink.
- the details are as described above.
- INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention controls the dry odor of plants and exerts the effect of deriving a sweet flavor peculiar to plants. Therefore, it can be used to elicit a sweet flavor even in fine particles derived from an edible plant that is not dried and does not have a dry odor. However, it can be preferably used for food and drink containing fine particles derived from dried edible plants.
- edible plants are pulverized to contain dimethyl sulfoxide in an amount of 1 ppb or more and 40000 ppb or less, and a food or beverage containing fine particles derived from an edible plant having a particle diameter d50 after ultrasonication of 1000 ⁇ m or less is dried. Also included are methods of controlling odors and/or enhancing the sweet flavors characteristic of plants. Furthermore, a method for controlling the dry odor of a food or drink containing fine particles derived from an edible plant having a dimethyl sulfide content of 1 ppb or more and 2,000 ppb or less together with dimethyl sulfoxide and/or a method for enhancing the sweet flavor peculiar to the plant are also included.
- dimethyl sulfoxide and/or dimethyl sulfide can be contained in food or drink at any timing.
- the details are as described above.
- INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention controls the dry odor of plants and exerts the effect of eliciting a sweet flavor peculiar to plants. Therefore, it is used for eliciting a sweet flavor to fine particles derived from edible plants that are not dried and do not need to control the dry odor. However, it can be preferably used for foods and drinks containing fine particles derived from dried edible plants.
- green peas which are immature seeds of peas, green beans, beets, corn, paprika, pumpkin, and macadamia nuts, which are immature seeds of soybeans, are selected as dry powders, and dimethyl sulfoxide and/or Alternatively, a pure product of dimethyl sulfide (manufactured by FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) diluted with water to an appropriate concentration was added, mixed and adjusted to a constant content (to 10 g of dried plant powder).
- the smoothie of Test Example 60 was prepared by mixing 10% by mass of dry powder of soybean (green soybeans) with water, filling 150 mL of this mixture in a 180 mL capacity glass bottle, and sterilizing the bottle in a hot water bath (temperature reached to 60° C. ), and after cooling, it was stoppered and prepared.
- the concentration of dimethyl sulfoxide and/or dimethyl sulfide in the dried plant powder of green soybeans was adjusted to the values shown in Table 4 according to the method described above.
- the d50, dietary fiber content, dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethyl sulfide content, and peak area ratio (DMSO/DMS) after the ultrasonic treatment were measured under the above-mentioned suitable conditions. After that, sensory tests were performed on these dry powders and foods and drinks for the effect of reducing dry odor, the effect of enhancing sweet flavor, and the comprehensive evaluation.
- the evaluation criteria are as follows.
- Dry odor> 5 Dry odor is not felt at all and is excellent. 4: Almost no dry odor is felt and it is slightly excellent. 3: Dry odor is moderate but acceptable. 2: A slightly dry odor is felt and is slightly inferior. 1: A strong dry odor is felt and inferior. Here, the dry odor was evaluated as an unfavorable off-flavor such as a fishy odor or earthy odor that a fresh edible plant originally does not have.
- sweet flavor> 5 A sweet flavor is strongly felt and is excellent. 4: A sweet flavor is felt rather strongly, and it is slightly excellent. 3: Sweet flavor is moderate but acceptable. 2: The sweet flavor is hardly felt and is slightly inferior. 1: The sweet flavor is not felt and is inferior.
- the sweet flavor was evaluated as a desirable sweet taste or a sweet scent evoking this which is originally possessed by a fresh edible plant or apparently produced when cooked by heating.
- a taste discrimination test that accurately identifies each taste sample from a total of 7 samples that were made one by one and two distilled water were added to this.
- each evaluation item was performed by a method in which each inspector selects one of the numbers closest to his or her own evaluation from the five-level evaluation score of each item.
- the aggregation of the evaluation results was calculated from the arithmetic average value of the scores of 10 persons.
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Abstract
Description
[1]次の(1)~(5)を充足する乾燥植物粉末。
(1)食物繊維含有量が乾燥重量換算で5質量%以上
(2)ジメチルスルホキシド含有量が1ppb以上40000ppb以下
(3)超音波処理後の粒子径のd50が1000μm以下
(4)ジメチルスルフィド含有量が1ppb以上2000ppb以下
(5)ジメチルスルフィド含有量に対するジメチルスルホキシド含有量の割合(DMSO濃度/DMS濃度)が0.001以上180以下
[2]さらに次の(6)を充足する、[1]に記載の乾燥植物粉末。
(6)フルエバポレーションダイナミックヘッドスペースガスクロマトグラフ質量分析を用いた二次元ガスクロマトグラフィー分析によって、5質量%水溶液中に抽出されて全量揮発したジメチルスルホキシドとジメチルスルフィドの確認イオン(ジメチルスルホキシド:78、ジメチルスルフィド:62)のピーク面積比が0.1以上10未満
[3]乾燥植物が、穀類、イモ類、豆類、種実類、野菜類、果実類及びきのこ類から選ばれる1種以上である、[1]又は[2]に記載の乾燥植物粉末。
[4]乾燥植物が、穀類、イモ類、豆類、種実類及び野菜類から選ばれる1種以上である、[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の乾燥植物粉末。
[5]乾燥植物が、パプリカ、ビーツ、ダイズ、コーン、ニンジン、カボチャ、エンドウ、ソラマメ、サツマイモ、ブロッコリー、ホウレンソウ、トマト及びケールから選ばれる1種以上である、[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の乾燥植物粉末。
[6][1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の乾燥植物粉末を含有する飲食品。
[7][1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の乾燥植物粉末を製造する方法であって、水分含量20質量%以下の乾燥植物を粉砕処理することを含む方法。
[8]食物繊維含有量が乾燥重量換算で5質量%以上の乾燥植物を粉砕処理し、ジメチルスルホキシドを1ppb以上40000ppb以下かつジメチルスルフィドを1ppb以上2000ppb以下かつジメチルスルフィド含有量に対するジメチルスルホキシド含有量の割合(DMSO濃度/DMS濃度)が0.001以上180以下となるように含有せしめる、超音波処理後のd50が1000μm以下の乾燥植物粉末の製造方法。
[9]食物繊維含有量が乾燥重量換算で5質量%以上の乾燥植物粉砕処理物に、ジメチルスルホキシドを1ppb以上40000ppb以下かつジメチルスルフィドを1ppb以上2000ppb以下かつジメチルスルフィド含有量に対するジメチルスルホキシド含有量の割合(DMSO濃度/DMS濃度)が0.001以上180以下となるように含有せしめる、超音波処理後のd50が1000μm以下の乾燥植物粉末の甘い風味を増強する方法。
[10]乾燥植物粉末が、フルエバポレーションダイナミックヘッドスペースガスクロマトグラフ質量分析を用いた二次元ガスクロマトグラフィー分析によって、5質量%水溶液中に抽出されて全量揮発したジメチルスルホキシドとジメチルスルフィドの確認イオン(ジメチルスルホキシド:78、ジメチルスルフィド:62)のピーク面積比が0.1以上10未満に調整されている、[8]又は[9]に記載の方法。
具体的には、たとえば、「日本食品標準成分表2015年版(七訂)追補2018年」(厚生労働省が定めている食品成分表、特に第236頁表1参照)に記載された分類のうち、穀類、イモ類、豆類、種実類、野菜類、果実類、きのこ類、藻類、香辛料類を参照することで、いかなる食品が食用植物に該当するかを理解することができる。これらの食用植物は1種を用いてもよく、2種以上を任意の組み合わせで併用してもよい。また、これらの食用植物はそのまま用いてもよく、各種の処理(例えば乾燥、加熱、灰汁抜き、皮むき、種実抜き、追熟、塩蔵、果皮加工等)を加えてから使用してもよい。また、食材は、非可食部と合わせた植物全体の状態でその分類を判断することができる。
また、不溶性食物繊維局在部位が乾燥重量換算で不溶性食物繊維含有割合が10質量%超、さらに好ましくは11質量%超、さらに好ましくは12質量%超、さらに好ましくは13質量%超、さらに好ましくは14質量%超、さらに好ましくは15質量%超、さらに好ましくは16質量%超、さらに好ましくは17質量%超、さらに好ましくは18質量%超、さらに好ましくは19質量%超、さらに好ましくは20質量%超であることが好ましい。
また、本発明における不溶性食物繊維局在部位は、上述する食材の「可食部」であっても「非可食部」であってもよいが、不溶性食物繊維局在部位が「非可食部」であることが好ましい。
なお、本発明に使用される食材(乾燥植物)及び/又はその他の(不溶性食物繊維を含有しない)食材における、非可食部の部位や比率は、その食品や食品の加工品を取り扱う当業者であれば、当然に理解することが可能である。例としては、日本食品標準成分表2015年版(七訂)に記載の「廃棄部位」及び「廃棄率」を参照し、これらをそれぞれ非可食部の部位及び比率として扱うことができる。なお、食材における非可食部の部位や比率から、可食部の部位や比率、ひいては食材全体を構成する部位についても理解することができる。
水分の定量法としては乾燥植物粉末を、減圧加熱乾燥法に供する方法を用いればよい。具体的には、あらかじめ恒量になったはかり容器(W0)に適量の試料を採取して、0.1mgまではかる(W1)。常圧において、所定の温度(より詳しくは90℃)に調節した減圧電気定温乾燥器中に、はかり容器の蓋をとるか、口を開けた状態で入れる。扉を閉じ、真空ポンプを作動させて、所定の減圧度において一定時間乾燥する。真空ポンプを止め、乾燥空気を送って常圧に戻し、はかり容器を取り出し、蓋をしてデシケーター中で放冷後、質量をはかる。恒量(W2、0.1mgまではかる)になるまで乾燥、放冷、質量をはかることを繰り返す。水分含量(質量%)を次の計算式で求める。
水分(g/100g)=(W1-W2)/(W1-W0)×100
W0:恒量としたはかり容器の質量(g)
W1:試料を入れたはかり容器の乾燥前の質量(g)
W2:試料を入れたはかり容器の乾燥後の質量(g)
また、水分活性値とは、食品中の自由水の割合を表す数値で、食品の保存性の指標とされるものであり、具体的には、サンプル上ヘッドスペースの平衡時蒸気圧(p)を、同じ温度の水の蒸気圧(p0)で割った値であり、換言すれば、ヘッドスペースの平衡相対湿度(ERH)を100で割った値である。水分活性値の測定法としては、一般的な水分活性測定装置(例えば電気抵抗式(電解質式)湿度センサを用いたノバシーナ社製「LabMaster-aw NEO」)を用いて測定することができる。
さらに、食物繊維のうち、不溶性食物繊維の占める割合が所定値以上である乾燥植物粉末の方が本発明の課題である乾燥臭が発生しやすいため本発明を有用に用いることができるため好ましい。具体的には、食物繊維のうち、不溶性食物繊維の占める割合が50質量%以上であることが好ましく、60質量%以上がさらに好ましく、70質量%以上が最も好ましい。また、不溶性食物繊維含量が乾燥重量換算で5質量%以上であれば好ましく、中でも6質量%以上が好ましく、さらには8質量%以上が好ましく、9質量%以上が好ましく、特には10質量%以上が好ましい。さらに不溶性食物繊維含有量の上限は、90質量%以下が好ましく、80質量%以下がより好ましく、70質量%以下がより好ましく、60質量%以下がより好ましく、50質量%以下が更に好ましい。尚、不溶性食物繊維をはじめとする食物繊維の定量法としては、一般的なプロスキー変法を用いることができる。
・装置:Agilent製 7890B(GC)、5977B(MS)、Gester製 MultiPurpose Sampler(auto-sampler)
・吸着樹脂:TENAX
・インキュベーション温度:80℃
・窒素ガスパージ量:3L
・窒素ガスパージ流量:100mL/min
・TDU:[30℃]-[210℃/min]-[240℃(3min)]
・CIS:[10℃]-[120℃/sec]-[240℃](ライナー充填剤:TENAX)
・カラム:GESTEL社製 DB-WAX(30m×250μm×0.25μm)
・カラム温度:[40℃(3min)]-[5℃/min]-[240℃(7min)]
・キャリアガス:He
・トランスファーライン:250℃
・イオン源温度:230℃
・Scan Parameter:m/z=28.7~300
・スプリット:なし
・CTS:[-150℃]-[20℃/sec]-[250℃]
・カラム:GESTEL社製 DB-5(10m×180μm×0.4μm)
・カラム温度:[40℃(0min)]-[40℃/min]-[240℃(15min)]
・キャリアガス:He
尚、この場合、超音波処理を行った状態における50%積算径の測定に際しては、これら具材のうち、測定上限2000.00μm以上のものを除いてから測定する。
また、表4に示す通り、食用植物粉末を含有する飲食品を作成した。試験例59のペーストは、食用植物であるダイズ(エダマメ)の乾燥植物粉末をキャノーラ油に50質量%混合した後、アイメックス株式会社製、品名「RMBイージーナノ」)を用い、微細化処理を行って、ペーストを得た。微細化条件は、上記ビーツの粉末状飲食品とキャノーラ油の混合物120mLに対し、直径2mmのジルコニアビーズ380gを用い、ミルの回転数2000rpm、冷却水温度5℃にて、30分間の微細化を行った。尚、エダマメの乾燥植物粉末のジメチルスルホキシド及び/又はジメチルスルフィドの濃度は、上述の方法に従って表4に記載された数値に予め調整したものを用いた。
また、試験例60のスムージーは、ダイズ(エダマメ)の乾燥粉末を水に10質量%混合した後、この混合物150mLを180mL容量のガラス瓶に充填し、湯浴にて瓶そう殺菌(60℃達温)し、冷却した後、打栓、調製した。尚、エダマメの乾燥植物粉末のジメチルスルホキシド及び/又はジメチルスルフィドの濃度は、上述の方法に従って表4に記載された数値に予め調整したものを用いた。
超音波処理後のd50、食物繊維含量、ジメチルスルホキシド、ジメチルスルフィドの含有量、ピーク面積比(DMSO/DMS)は、前記の好適条件によって測定した。その後、これら乾燥粉末及び飲食品について、乾燥臭の低減効果、甘い風味の増強効果、総合評価について官能検査を行った。
5:乾燥臭が全く感じられず、優れる。
4:乾燥臭がほとんど感じられず、やや優れる。
3:乾燥臭は中庸であるが、許容範囲。
2:乾燥臭がやや強く感じられ、やや劣る。
1:乾燥臭が強く感じられ、劣る。
ここで、乾燥臭は、新鮮な食用植物が本来有さない、生臭みや土臭さのような好ましくない異臭として評価した。
5:甘い風味が強く感じられ、優れる。
4:甘い風味がやや強く感じられ、やや優れる。
3:甘い風味は中庸であるが、許容範囲。
2:甘い風味はほとんど感じられず、やや劣る。
1:甘い風味は感じられず、劣る。
ここで、甘い風味は、新鮮な食用植物が本来有したり、加熱調理した際に明らかに生じたりする、好ましい甘い味やこれを想起させる甘い香りとして評価した。
5:豊潤な風味が強く感じられ、優れる。
4:豊潤な風味がやや強く感じられ、やや優れる。
3:豊潤な風味は中庸であるが、許容範囲。
2:豊潤な甘い風味は感じられず、劣る。
ここで、豊潤な風味は、新鮮な食用植物が本来有し、乾燥処理によって失われがちな、豊かで潤いのある味や香りとして評価した。
5:乾燥臭がなく、甘い風味が強く、優れる。
4:乾燥臭がほとんどなく、甘い風味がやや強く、やや優れる。
3:乾燥臭、甘い風味ともに中庸であるが、許容範囲。
2:乾燥臭がやや強く、甘い風味がほとんどなく、やや劣る。
1:乾燥臭が強く、甘い風味がなく、劣る。
B)濃度がわずかに異なる5種類の食塩水溶液、酢酸水溶液の濃度差を正確に識別する濃度差識別試験。
C)メーカーA社醤油2つにメーカーB社醤油1つの計3つのサンプルからB社醤油を正確に識別する3点識別試験。
結果、食物繊維含有量を所定割合以上含有する種々の乾燥植物粉末において、ジメチルスルホキシド含有量、ジメチルスルフィド含有量及び超音波処理後の粒子径のd50が所定範囲内になるように調整することで、乾燥臭が抑えられ、甘い風味が増強される本発明の効果が奏されることが明らかになった。さらに、FE-DHS-二次元GCMS法による確認イオン(DMSO:78、DMS:62)のピーク面積比(DMSO/DMS)が所定割合となるように調整されていることで、DMSの香りをDMSOが打ち消す効果が奏され、植物の華やかな香りや豊潤な風味が強くなり、より好ましいことが分かった。
Claims (10)
- 次の(1)~(5)を充足する乾燥植物粉末。
(1)食物繊維含有量が乾燥重量換算で5質量%以上
(2)ジメチルスルホキシド含有量が1ppb以上40000ppb以下
(3)超音波処理後の粒子径のd50が1000μm以下
(4)ジメチルスルフィド含有量が1ppb以上2000ppb以下
(5)ジメチルスルフィド含有量に対するジメチルスルホキシド含有量の割合(DMSO濃度/DMS濃度)が0.001以上180以下 - さらに次の(6)を充足する、請求項1に記載の乾燥植物粉末。
(6)フルエバポレーションダイナミックヘッドスペースガスクロマトグラフ質量分析を用いた二次元ガスクロマトグラフィー分析によって、5質量%水溶液中に抽出されて全量揮発したジメチルスルホキシドとジメチルスルフィドの確認イオン(ジメチルスルホキシド:78、ジメチルスルフィド:62)のピーク面積比が0.1以上10未満 - 乾燥植物が、穀類、イモ類、豆類、種実類、野菜類、果実類及びきのこ類から選ばれる1種以上である、請求項1又は2に記載の乾燥植物粉末。
- 乾燥植物が、穀類、イモ類、豆類、種実類及び野菜類から選ばれる1種以上である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の乾燥植物粉末。
- 乾燥植物が、パプリカ、ビーツ、ダイズ、コーン、ニンジン、カボチャ、エンドウ、ソラマメ、サツマイモ、ブロッコリー、ホウレンソウ、トマト及びケールから選ばれる1種以上である、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の乾燥植物粉末。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の乾燥植物粉末を含有する飲食品。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の乾燥植物粉末を製造する方法であって、水分含量20質量%以下の乾燥植物を粉砕処理することを含む方法。
- 食物繊維含有量が乾燥重量換算で5質量%以上の乾燥植物を粉砕処理し、ジメチルスルホキシドを1ppb以上40000ppb以下かつジメチルスルフィドを1ppb以上2000ppb以下かつジメチルスルフィド含有量に対するジメチルスルホキシド含有量の割合(DMSO濃度/DMS濃度)が0.001以上180以下となるように含有せしめる、超音波処理後のd50が1000μm以下の乾燥植物粉末の製造方法。
- 食物繊維含有量が乾燥重量換算で5質量%以上の乾燥植物粉砕処理物に、ジメチルスルホキシドを1ppb以上40000ppb以下かつジメチルスルフィドを1ppb以上2000ppb以下かつジメチルスルフィド含有量に対するジメチルスルホキシド含有量の割合(DMSO濃度/DMS濃度)が0.001以上180以下となるように含有せしめる、超音波処理後のd50が1000μm以下の乾燥植物粉末の甘い風味を増強する方法。
- 乾燥植物粉末が、フルエバポレーションダイナミックヘッドスペースガスクロマトグラフ質量分析を用いた二次元ガスクロマトグラフィー分析によって、5質量%水溶液中に抽出されて全量揮発したジメチルスルホキシドとジメチルスルフィドの確認イオン(ジメチルスルホキシド:78、ジメチルスルフィド:62)のピーク面積比が0.1以上10未満に調整されている、請求項8又は9に記載の方法。
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