WO2020157065A1

WO2020157065A1 - Formwork insert for wall forms

Info

Publication number: WO2020157065A1
Application number: PCT/EP2020/052048
Authority: WO
Inventors: Bertrand LASFARGUES
Original assignee: Lasfargues Bertrand
Priority date: 2019-01-30
Filing date: 2020-01-28
Publication date: 2020-08-06
Also published as: FR3092124A1; FR3092124B1; EP3918151A1

Abstract

Formwork insert (6) for wall forms having a predetermined thickness, comprising: - at least one attachment flange (7) provided with a removable attachment element (17) which has a bearing surface (53) defining an attachment plane (47) and allowing the insert (6) to be attached to a wall form (1) in said attachment plane (47), the removable attachment element (17) comprising: a first attachment means for attachment to a wall form; and a second attachment means for attachment to the attachment flange; - a guide tube (10) extending in a longitudinal axis parallel to the attachment plane (47).

Description

DESCRIPTION

Title: FORMWORK INSERT FOR BANCHÉ WALL

TECHNICAL AREA

The invention relates to the field of building construction and more particularly relates to the formwork material used in this field.

PRIOR ART

Currently, the construction of a building with banched elements requires the installation of vertical shutters for the realization of the walls at each level of the building. The walls thus constructed are also called "sails". Vertical shutters allow these walls to be made by formwork of a construction material such as concrete. For the construction of a multi-storey building, the first storey cut-off walls are first made in this way and the floor is then poured. The floor separates this first level from a second upper level. The walls of the second level are then made by the same formwork process, resting on this floor. At the interface between the walls of the first level and the walls of the second level, the floor, once poured, creates a new horizontal reference preventing, most of the time, access to the walls of the first level. However, in certain cases and in particular in the case of carrying out walls whose load must be taken up at all levels of the building, certain walls of the second level must be built in line with a wall of the first level. To create a second-level wall as an extension of a first-level wall, despite the presence of the floor, we generally draw a floor on the floor using measurements carried over from a common reference to the walls of the first. level and second level. This layout is used to position the formwork for the realization of the second level wall, possibly using heels attached to the floor on the layout.

Although these tracing operations on the ground, to position the formwork of the second level, are generally satisfactory, they nevertheless have a certain number of drawbacks. These operations depend on the know-how of the operator who carries out the plots by transferring ribs and therefore presents a certain risk of error leading to an erroneous plot or to a bad positioning of the heels on the plot. The layout is in fact carried out blind in relation to the walls of the first level (and in particular the wall with which one wishes to align a wall of the second level) because the operator carrying out the layout does not have a visual check on the real position of the walls of the first level. These routing operations also require a significant amount of time for their implementation, a source of hazards in the work schedules.

STATEMENT OF THE INVENTION

The aim of the invention is to improve the material and the processes used in the construction of the shuttered walls.

To this end, the invention relates to a formwork insert for shuttering walls of predetermined thickness, this insert comprising:

- at least one removable fixing element which has a bearing face defining a fixing plane and allowing the attachment of the insert to a shuttering according to this fixing plane, the removable fixing element comprising: a first fixing means suitable for fixing on a shuttering; and a second fixing means suitable for its fixing on the formwork insert;

- a guide tube extending along a longitudinal axis parallel to the fixing plane.

Another object of the invention is a method for constructing a lower shuttering wall and an aligned upper shuttering wall, this method using a formwork insert as described above. This method further comprises the following steps:

- position the formwork insert between two formwork, the formwork insert being fixed to at least one of the formwork by its bearing face;

- pour a building material between the two shutters to form the lower shuttering wall, the formwork insert being embedded in the building material except for the guide tube which protrudes from the upper edge of the lower shuttered wall;

- pour a floor resting on the lower shuttered wall so that the guide tube protrudes from the floor; - position two shutters on the floor relative to the guide tube;

- pour a construction material between the two shutters to form the upper shuttered wall.

According to a preferred characteristic, the method uses a formwork insert which comprises a formwork stopper and the step of positioning two formwork on the floor relative to the guide tube is carried out by positioning the two formwork on either side of the panel stopper, each panel being disposed against a stop edge of the panel stopper.

Another object of the invention relates to a method of constructing a shuttered wall and an edge floor, this method using a formwork insert comprising a edge guide. This process comprises the following steps:

- pour a construction material between the two shutters to form the shuttering wall, the shuttering insert being embedded in the building material except for the guide tube which protrudes from the upper edge of the shuttered wall;

- set up an edge formwork element which is held against the shuttering wall by the formwork insert retaining finger;

- pour an edge floor resting on the shuttered wall and on the formwork element so that the guide tube protrudes from the floor.

The invention allows first to know precisely the position of a lower wall even after a floor has been poured on this lower wall by creating a reference directly connected to the lower wall. An upper wall can then be produced by formwork by positioning formwork relative to the reference provided by the formwork insert, these forms therefore being positioned directly relative to the lower wall and not relative to an external reference. Because the upper wall is precisely positioned directly relative to the lower wall, the risk of error is reduced. This risk of error, when it affects load-bearing walls, is unacceptable from the point of view of building certification bodies. The quality of the construction work is thus improved.

In addition, the positioning of the formwork for the realization of the upper wall is done very quickly in comparison with a manual layout on the ground. Significant time savings in the installation of the shutters are achieved thanks to the invention, which makes it possible to speed up the delivery times of a site or to avoid delays in the planning of the progress of the site, these delays are commonly a source of significant additional financial costs.

The invention contributes to the realization of a safer and better building, and this by reducing costs and / or delivery time.

The formwork insert according to the invention may have the following additional characteristics, alone or in combination:

- It comprises at least one fixing sole comprising said support face, the fixing sole being provided with the removable fixing element;

- the fixing sole has a cavity, the removable fixing element being removably mounted in the cavity by the second fixing means;

- said cavity of the fixing sole is a cylindrical cavity and the second fixing means is a clipping device, the fixing element of the fixing sole being a cylinder clipped into the cylindrical cavity;

- the first means of fixing the removable fixing element is a magnet;

- the formwork insert has two fixing flanges aligned in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the guide tube;

- the formwork insert comprises a frame connecting the bearing face to at least one sleeve in which the guide tube is mounted;

- the insert comprises at least one elastic stopper arranged opposite the bearing face;

- the distance between the fixing plane of the bearing face and the elastic stopper substantially corresponds to the predetermined thickness of the shuttering wall;

- the elastic stopper has a half-cylinder whose longitudinal axis is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the guide tube;

- The insert has a casting level ridge extending perpendicularly to the fixing plane, the guide tube projecting beyond the casting level ridge;

- The insert has a panel stop mounted on the guide tube and having two opposite stop edges;

- The two abutment edges are spaced apart by a distance equal to the predetermined thickness of the shuttering wall; - the insert comprises means for stopping the stopper from rotating on the guide tube;

- The insert comprises means for stopping the sliding of the panel stop on the guide tube;

- the sliding stop means include a cap on the panel stop;

- the panel stop has a floor edge perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the guide tube;

- the insert has a predetermined distance between the floor ridge and the casting level ridge, this predetermined distance corresponding to a predetermined thickness of the floor;

- the insert comprises an edge guide mounted on the guide tube and comprising a retaining finger disposed vis-à-vis the bearing face;

- The edge guide comprises a mounting sleeve mounted, for example sliding, on the guide tube;

- The edge guide comprises means for stopping sliding relative to the guide tube;

- The edge guide comprises a clamp associated with a clamping device, the retaining finger being disposed on the clamp;

- The clamp comprises a support surface for formwork means, this support surface being perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the guide tube;

- the insert has an edge spacer presenting:

- a bearing surface on the guide tube, this bearing surface extending parallel to the longitudinal axis;

- support legs arranged opposite the support surface, these support legs defining a support plane which coincides with the fixing plane of the support face;

- the edge spacer has a floor casting ridge which is perpendicular to the bearing surface;

- the height of the edge spacer is equal to a predetermined thickness of the floor;

- the insert comprises a safety post inserted in the guide tube. PRESENTATION OF FIGURES Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge from the description which is given hereinafter, by way of indication and in no way limiting, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:

[Fig.1] Figure 1 is a profile view of a wall and its formwork;

[Fig.2] Figure 2 shows in perspective two formwork inserts according to the invention fixed on a shuttering;

[Fig.3] Figure 3 shows one of the formwork inserts of Figure 2, seen from the side;

[Fig.4] Figure 4 shows the formwork insert of Figure 3 seen from above;

[Fig.5] Figure 5 shows the shuttering stop of the formwork insert of Figures 3 and 4;

[Fig.6] Figure 6 shows a step in the production of a shuttered wall; [Fig.7] Figure 7 shows another step in the production of the shuttered wall;

[Fig.8] Figure 8 shows another step in the production of the shuttered wall;

[Fig.9] Figure 9 shows a stage of making a floor on the shuttered wall of Figures 6 to 8;

[Fig.10] FIG. 10 represents another step in the production of the floor of FIG. 9;

[Fig.1 1] Figure 1 1 shows a step in the production of an upper shuttered wall on the floor of Figures 9 and 10;

[Fig.12] Figure 12 shows another step in the production of the upper shuttered wall of Figure 1 1;

[Fig.13] FIG. 13 shows in perspective a step in the production of an edge floor on a shuttered wall; [Fig.14] Figure 14 shows in perspective the edge spacer visible in Figure 13;

[Fig.15] FIG. 15 illustrates another production step of the edge floor of FIG. 13;

[Fig.16] Figure 16 illustrates another step in the production of the edge floor of Figure 13;

[Fig.17] FIG. 17 illustrates another step in the production of the edge floor of FIG. 13;

[Fig.18] Figure 18 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the formwork insert according to the invention;

[Fig.19] Figure 19 illustrates another alternative embodiment of the formwork insert according to the invention;

[Fig.20] Figure 20 illustrates another alternative embodiment of the formwork insert according to the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Figure 1 illustrates the context of implementation of the invention. This figure represents two hips 1, 2 seen in profile. A wall 3 has been cast between the hips 1, 2. The wall 3 is, in the present example, made by pouring concrete. Once the concrete in wall 3 has hardened enough, hips 1, 2 are removed and wall 3 is finished.

The method according to the invention will be described in the context of a simple illustrative example allowing the production of such a wall 3 called “lower wall”, as well as another wall called “upper wall” which is built in the wall. alignment of this lower wall 3, after pouring a floor between the lower wall and the upper wall.

According to this method, with reference to FIG. 2, a first panel 1 is first of all positioned in a conventional manner by being fixed to the ground and by being supported so that its formwork surface 4 is plumb, that is to say. ie vertical. In the present example, the panel 1 is a steel panel commonly used on construction sites. A line 5 of pour level is then drawn on the formwork surface 4. This line 5 of pour level is a horizontal line representing the limit of filling by the concrete of the space present between the formwork 1, 2 and which corresponds therefore to the desired height dimension for the wall 3.

Two formwork inserts 6 are then placed against the formwork surface 4. The inserts 6 are positioned relative to the casting level line 5.

The formwork inserts 6 each comprise two fixing flanges 7, two elastic stops 8, a casting level ridge 9, as well as a guide tube 10.

The fixing flanges 7 allow the attachment of the formwork insert 6 to the formwork surface 4 so that the guide tube 10 is parallel to the plane of the formwork surface 4. The fixing of the inserts 6 on the surface 4 is moreover carried out so that the guide tube 10 is vertical. This plumb of the tube 10 is obtained using a tool such as a spirit level or, more simply, by aligning the fixing flanges 7 on a vertical edge 11 of the panel 1, as shown in Figure 2.

Figures 3 and 4 show one of the formwork inserts 6. In the present example, the insert 6 comprises a frame 12 made of a polymer which may be a thermoformable polymer with a view to its production by injection molding. The frame 12 is designed to occupy a minimum of volume within the wall 3, because the formwork insert 6 is designed to be embedded in the concrete of the wall 3. The frame 12 thus comprises a vertical wall 13 provided with recesses 14 , as well as two horizontal walls 15. The qualifiers “vertical” and “horizontal” are associated with the walls 13, 15 relative to the orientation of the inserts 6 as they appear in FIG. 3.

The frame 12 further comprises two sleeves 16 in the extension of one another, extending over the height H of the insert, and allowing the fitting of the guide tube 10. The guide tube 10 is here consisting of a square section steel tube. The two sheaths 16 are dimensioned to allow a tight fitting of the guide tube 10 and to provide it with a long guide ensuring that the guide tube 10 is parallel to the plane 47 for fixing the soles. 7 fixing. The plane 47 for fixing the flanges 7 corresponds to the plane defined by the bearing face 53 of the flanges 7, this plane 47 coinciding with the formwork surface 4 when the insert 6 is fixed against the panel 1. Alternatively, the frame 12 can be simplified and comprise, instead of the sleeves 16, an indentation in each horizontal wall 15, these indentations being fitted to the guide tube 10. According to this alternative, the guide tube 10 is fitted onto the frame 12 while being adjusted. in the two openings formed by the indentations.

The two fixing flanges 7 are aligned with the insert 6 in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis 52 of the guide tube. This arrangement allows the plumbing on the edge 11 of the panel 1, as described above.

The fixing soles 7 each comprise a removable fastening element constituted, in the present example, of a magnetized cylinder 17. The fastening soles 7 each have a cylindrical cavity 48 in which the magnetized cylinder is inserted 17. In FIG. 3 , the magnetic cylinder 17 of the top flange 7 is shown outside its cylindrical cavity 48. The magnetic cylinder 17 is fixed in the cavity 48 so that the insert 6 can be fixed on the formwork surface 4 of the form 1 by the magnetic adhesion of the magnetized cylinders 17 on the steel of the panel 1. The magnetized cylinders 17 can be adjusted with a slight clamping, or clipped, in the cavities 48.

The removable fixing element, here consisting of the magnetized cylinder 17, thus comprises:

- a first fixing means (the magnet) allowing the fixing of this removable element on the panel;

- a second fixing means for fixing this removable element to the rest of the insert (the device for clipping the magnetic cylinder 17 into the cavity 48 of the sole 7).

Magnetic cylinders are commonly used in the field of building construction and are already used to position elements such as electrical recess boxes on formwork. Such magnetized cylinders can be used here as magnetized cylinders 17. It may for example be a magnetized cylinder in accordance with patent application FR2708135. Alternatively, the fixing soles 7 may include any other first and second fixing means suitable for the removable fixing of the insert 6 on a panel 1 such as, for example, suction cups, electromagnets, expandable plugs, and for the removable fixing of the insert 6 in the fixing sole 7.

The horizontal walls 15 of the frame 12 connect each fixing sole 7 to an elastic stop 8.

Figure 4 is a top view of Figure 3 according to section AA and shows the profile of one of the elastic stops 8. The elastic stops 8 are, in the present example, half-cylinders aligned vertically in a parallel plane to the fixing plane of the fixing flanges 7. The half-cylinders have a longitudinal axis which is parallel to the longitudinal axis 52 of the guide tube 10. The wall thickness and the material of the half-cylinders constituting the stops 8 are chosen to allow elastic deformation of the stop 8 when the insert 6 is compressed between two shutters, one of these shutters coming against the fixing flanges 7 and the other panel coming against the elastic stops 8.

The half-cylinder shape of each elastic stop 8 allows linear contact on the corresponding panel. The distance D illustrated in Figures 3 and 4, between the fixing plane of the fixing flanges 7 and the end linear contacts of the elastic stops 8, is equal to or slightly greater than the thickness of the wall for which the insert 6 is planned.

As a variant, the elastic stops 8 can have any shape allowing elastic deformation and work in compression between two forms, for example an open shape such as the shape 8 ’shown in dotted lines in Figure 4.

Furthermore, the vertical wall 13 of the frame 12 has an edge 9 of casting level which is perpendicular to the fixing plane 47 of the fixing flanges 7. The guide tube 10 protrudes beyond the edge 9 of the level of. casting. This stop 9 is positioned flush with the casting level line 5 to position the insert 6 in height on the panel 1 (see Figure 1).

According to a preferred feature, the formwork insert 6 further comprises a shuttering stop 21 mounted on the guide tube 10 and which is positioned vertically on the guide tube 10 by a cap 51. The shutter stop 21 is shown alone in perspective in FIG. 5. This shutter stop 21 comprises a sheath 20 mounted on the guide tube 10 in a sliding adjustment. The shuttering stop 21 comprises two opposite and parallel stop edges 22, which are spaced apart by a distance corresponding to the spacing between the formwork surfaces of the formwork which is here 20 centimeters. The panel stop 21 further comprises two edges 23 of the floor. The cover 51 constitutes a means of stopping the panel stop 21 in sliding relative to the guide tube 10, at a height allowing, when the panel stop 21 is in place against the cover 51 (see FIG. 3), that the two floor ridges 23 are located at a distance L2 from the casting level ridge 9. This dimension L2 corresponds to the desired thickness for the floor which will be poured between the levels of the building, ie between the lower walls and the upper walls.

Alternatively, the panel stopper 21 can be directly fixed at the correct height on the guide tube 10, without cover 51, for example by tight fit. The panel stop 21 is then inseparable from the rest of the insert 6. According to another alternative not shown, the panel stop 21 can be stopped in sliding relative to the guide tube 10 by a stop fixed on the guide tube 10 .

In the context of the method according to the invention, FIG. 6 illustrates the step subsequent to the step illustrated in FIG. 2. The formwork are here seen in profile, and a single insert 6 is visible. After the fixing of the formwork inserts 6 on the form 1, a second formwork 2 is placed so that its formwork surface 18 is parallel to the formwork surface 4 of the formwork 1, and that these two formwork surfaces 4 , 18 are spaced a distance corresponding to the thickness of the desired wall, for example 20 cm. The distance D (see Figures 3 and 4) allows the support, or even the compression, of the elastic stops 8 and a tight fitting of each insert 6 between the two forms 1, 2.

When the formwork 1, 2 are in place with the inserts 6 in position, the formwork can take place by pouring concrete between the two formwork 1, 2. The insert 6 is firmly fixed between the two formwork, by the footings of fixing 7 and by elastic stops 8, allows concrete to be poured without the risk of moving the inserts 6. It is not necessary to draw a pour level line on the second section 2, because the flow level is now not only materialized by the line 5 of the pour level of the first section 1, but also by a passing plane by the two edges 9 of casting level.

Figure 7 illustrates the result of the concrete pour. The concrete pour is stopped when its level reaches approximately the pour level, but its upper surface 19 of the wall 3 is irregular due to the properties of the concrete which is seldom sufficiently fluid to level itself by gravity.

Subsequently, a simple smoothing operation using a masonry ruler resting on the edges 9 of the pour level allows a quick and fair smoothing of the surface 19 to correspond to the height of the level desired casting and so that it conforms perfectly to the line 5 of the casting level, and therefore horizontal, this line 5 being reported by the edges 9 of the casting level. In addition to the masonry ruler, any local touch-ups with a trowel will also use the pour level 9 edges as a reference.

This smoothing operation results in the configuration shown in Figure 7. In Figures 7 and 8, the insert 6 is embedded in the concrete of the wall 3 and is shown in dotted lines. Only the guide tube 10 then protrudes from the wall 3.

In the present example, given as an illustrative example, the height H (see figure 3) is 20 centimeters, the distance D is equal to or slightly greater than 20 centimeters (which corresponds to a wall thickness 3 of 20 centimeters ) and the guide tube 10 has a length of 50 centimeters which corresponds to a protrusion length L1 of the tube 10 beyond the ridge 9 of the casting level of 30 centimeters.

From the configuration of Figure 8, after the concrete in wall 3 has hardened sufficiently, formwork 1, 2 can be removed and wall 3 is thus finished. When the panel 1 is moved away from the wall 3, the magnetized cylinders 17 of the inserts 6 remain fixed on the panel 1 by their magnetism while these magnetized cylinders 17 are detached from their respective cylindrical cavity 48, leaving the corresponding insert 6 in the wall 3. The magnetized cylinders 17 are calibrated for this purpose, ie the magnets of the magnetized cylinders 17 exert on the panel in steel a retaining force greater than the force necessary to unclip the magnetic cylinder 17 from its cavity 48.

The wall 3 thus obtained is shown in profile in Figure 9. The formwork stops 21 can be left in place on the formwork inserts 6, as shown in this figure 9, or can be removed beforehand, if they are removable. , so as not to interfere with the pouring of the concrete (as shown in Figures 2, and 6 to 8). If the concrete pouring takes place without the panel stops 21, the latter are then positioned on the guide tube, before the floor pouring operation described below.

Referring to Figures 6 to 8, the formwork insert 6 is sized so that the guide tube is equidistant from the two formwork 2, 3. The wall 3 thus obtained (Figure 9) is thus provided with a tube of guidance projecting vertically along the theoretical axis of the wall, that is to say along an axis extending parallel to the faces of the wall, at an equal distance between these faces.

The next operation is to pour a floor 24 which rests on wall 3 to create an additional level for the building. Wall 3 and the floor

24 once produced are shown in figure 10. The casting of the floor 24 can be carried out directly on suitable formwork or be carried out, as in the present example illustrated in figure 10, by means of two slabs 25 which are supported on the upper edge. of the wall 3 and which constitute the ceiling of the lower rooms delimited by the wall 3, as well as a support for the pouring of the floor 24. The smoothing of the upper section of the wall 3, which is facilitated and secured by the level edges 9 pouring, is therefore essential for a good support of the pre-slabs

25 on the wall 3.

During the pouring of the floor 24, the edges 23 of the floor of the panel stops 21 materialize the pouring level of the floor 24, ie the upper limit up to which the floor must be poured. The floor ridges 23 provide a sure reference for the thickness of the floor to be poured and dispense operators from looking for other reference elements which are by definition difficult to implement when pouring a floor between two levels so that the walls of the upper level are not yet completed. When enough concrete is poured for the formation of the floor 24, i.e. when the level of concrete substantially reaches the edge 23 of the floor, the pouring of concrete is stopped. The floor 24 is then smoothed with the rule, taking as a reference the edges 23 of the floor, which constitute visual tools which will be complementary to the use of a laser level to gauge the pouring level of the concrete at several points.

After hardening of the concrete constituting the floor 24, the operations are continued by mounting a second wall at the upper level, that is to say resting on the floor 24. In this example, the upper level wall and wall 3 are load-bearing walls and must therefore be aligned with each other (see figure 12 showing the finished upper wall).

Referring to Figure 11, for the casting of this upper wall, the formwork 1, 2 are now positioned on the floor 24. The formwork 1, 2 are positioned relative to the guide tube 10 thanks to the formwork stops 21. To position the shutters 1, 2, the base of each panel is simply positioned against the two panel stops 21 which protrude from the lower wall 3 (in the profile view of Figures 10 to 12, only one of the panel stops 21 is visible) . The formwork 1, 2 are positioned on either side of the formwork stops 21. The two formwork stops 21 thus ensure the positioning of the base of the formwork 1, 2 so that their formwork surfaces 4, 18 are spaced apart. 'a distance determined by the spacing of the stop edges 22 and corresponding to the desired thickness for the upper wall 26. This thickness of the upper wall 26 is here identical to the thickness of the lower wall 3.

In addition to the thickness calibration of the upper wall 26, the panel stops 21 also ensure the correct positioning of the shutters 1, 2 so that the faces of the walls 3, 26 are aligned, that is to say that each face of the upper wall 26 is in the same plane as the corresponding face of the lower wall 3. This positioning of the shutters 1, 2 is achieved quickly only thanks to the shuttering stops 21 and without any other tracing operation on the ground or fixing stops. In particular, the panel stops 21 advantageously replace the heels regularly used in this field. These heels are generally fixed to the ground following a measurement transfer and tracing operation. The panel stopper allows the removal of all operations of measurement transfer, tracing, drilling, doweling and fixing of heel pieces, while avoiding the hazards relating to these operations. The formwork 1, 2, after having been thus positioned, are then plumbed and held in place in a conventional manner, for example by shoring, to allow the concrete to be poured.

Figure 12 shows the upper wall 26 completed, the formwork having been removed. If the upper wall 26 is itself intended to receive an additional level, inserts 6 can also be positioned on the formwork 2, 3, in the same way as for wall 3, and so on, up to the last level of the building.

Figures 13 to 17 illustrate optional features of the formwork insert 6 implemented in the particular case of floor edges. Floor edges refer to the periphery of a floor pour stop.

Referring to Figure 13, the formwork inserts 6 receive instead of the panel stops 21, edge guides 27 for pouring a floor whose edge is flush with one of the faces of a lower wall 3. These edge guides 27 are optionally each associated with an edge spacer 28.

The edge spacer 28 is shown alone in perspective in FIG. 14. The edge spacer 28 comprises a bearing surface 29 which has a shape complementary to the guide tube 10 so that the edge spacer 28 is suitable. to be supported on the guide tube 10 by this bearing surface 29. In the present example, the bearing surface 29 has a V-shaped profile taking into account the square profile and the orientation of the guide tube 10 of this example. The edge spacer 28 further comprises support lugs 30 opposite the support surface 29. When the two edge struts 28 are in place against their respective corresponding guide tube 10 (see Figure 13) , the bearing lugs 30 of the two edge braces 28 define a bearing plane 31 which coincides with the fixing plane 47 of the fixing flanges 7.

The edge spacer 28 also has a casting ridge 43 forming a height reference for the casting of the floor 32 and facilitating the smoothing of the floor 32. Figure 15 shows the assembly of Figure 13 seen in profile. A pre-slab 33 was added by resting on the upper edge of wall 3. The optional pre-slab 33 allows a floor 32 (visible in figure 16) to be poured which extends only to one side of wall 3 ( the left side in Figure 16) and stops by forming an edge aligning with the exterior face of wall 3 (the right face in Figure 16).

The edge guide 27 comprises a sleeve 34 adapted to be fitted or clamped on the guide tube 10, as well as a clamping structure 35 adapted to hold a clamp 36, the clamping of which is here provided by a toggle device. 37. The clamp 36 comprises, among other bearing surfaces, a retaining finger 38 placed below the level of the edge 9 of the casting level of the insert 6, that is to say opposite. vis-à-vis the wall 3. More precisely, the retaining finger is disposed opposite one of the fixing flanges 7. The retaining finger 38 is pressed towards the wall 3 by the clamping structure 35 The precise height positioning of the edge guide 27 is necessary for the retaining finger 38 to be correctly positioned vis-à-vis the wall 3. This height positioning is ensured by means of stopping the sliding guide. edge 27 relative to the guide tube 10. An example of such sliding stop means allowing this positioning at the top eur of the edge guide 27 is illustrated in FIG. 16: it is a cap 39 of the sleeve 34 which forms an upper stop preventing the sleeve 34 from sinking into the guide tube 10 beyond this cap 39. A stop in vertical translation of the sleeve 34 on the guide tube 10 is thus achieved. Alternatively, these sliding stop means may consist, for example, of a lower stop fixed on the guide tube 10 or resting on the edge spacer 28.

As a variant, the sliding stop means may be constituted directly by the edge spacer 28 on which the sleeve 34 rests.

In the present example, the clamp 36 is suitable for maintaining and clamping against the wall 3 of a formwork board 40 associated with a stiffening profile 41. Such formwork boards 40 and profile 41 are in common use. in the field of building construction. The clamp 36 can of course, alternatively, have any other shape allowing the clamping of another type. formwork element against the wall 3. Whatever the shape of the clamp 36 and the associated formwork elements, the assembly must allow the firm hold of a formwork wall extending in the extension of the external face of the wall 3 and allowing the realization of the floor 32 by pouring concrete.

The formwork board is clamped here against the wall 3 directly by the retaining finger 38. The retaining finger 38 also has a horizontal surface 42 adapted to the support of the profile 41 and facilitating its maintenance before tightening. Above the wall 3, the formwork board 40 rests on the support legs 30 of the spacer 28. The toggle device 37, or any other equivalent device, ensures that the formwork board 40 is held against the wall. the wall 3 and against the edge braces 28 during the pouring of concrete. This arrangement alone allows the formwork elements 40, 41 to be maintained without requiring the use of the edge spacer 28. The spacer 28 makes it possible to secure the maintenance if necessary.

The concrete pour then makes it possible to obtain the floor 32 shown in FIG. 16. The concrete pour is stopped with reference to the casting edge 43 of the edge spacer 28. The smoothing of the floor 32 is then carried out at ruler and trowel, taking stop 43 as a reference.

The floor 32 thus obtained thus has an edge perfectly aligned with the outer edge of the lower wall 3 thanks to the positioning offered by the formwork insert 6, in addition to being able to be smoothed without any external reference other than the edge spacer 28.

Figure 17 illustrates an additional function of the formwork insert 6 when working on an edge. According to this function, the guide tube 10 is used for the insertion of safety posts 44 allowing the installation of guardrails 45 necessary for the safety of operators when working on the banks. In the present example, the posts 44 are tubes of a diameter allowing their insertion into the guide tubes 10. The insertion of the posts 44 over the entire height of the guide tubes 10, a large portion of which is embedded in the wall 3 ensures that the posts 44 are held in place without resorting to any other drilling in the concrete or other installation of a guide. Alternative embodiments of the formwork insert can be implemented without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, the guide tube 10 may have another form of stop in rotation, different from a square profile, for example a longitudinal groove, to maintain the panel stop 21 or the edge guide 27 in a predetermined angular position. along the longitudinal axis of the guide tube 10. Alternatively, the guide tube 10 may be devoid of means for stopping in rotation and the panel stopper is produced accordingly. FIG. 18 illustrates such an alternative (the elements common to this alternative and to what has been described previously bear the same numbers). In Figure 18, the shutter stop 21 is seen from above, between two shutters 1, 2. The guide tube 10 is a circular profile tube and the shutter stop can rotate freely around the guide tube 10. However, the formwork stopper comprises two pairs of diametrically opposed branches 49, each branch 49 carrying a stopper edge 22. The formwork inserts 6 are preferably used in pairs for the production of a wall, the positioning of a wall 1 against the two corresponding panel stops 21 naturally cause each panel stop 21 to pivot around the guide tube 10 so that two of its stop edges 22 are positioned against the panel 1. The doubling of the stop edges 22 for each panel makes it possible to dispense with means of stopping the rotation of the panel stop 21 relative to the guide tube 10.

FIG. 19 also illustrates a variant of the formwork insert 6. In FIG. 19, the elements common to what has been described above bear the same numbers. To illustrate this variant of the formwork insert 6, only the frame 12 has been shown. The other elements are similar to what has been described previously. According to this variant, the formwork insert 6 is fixed on a panel thanks to the fixing flanges 7 but does not rest on the other panel and does not include elastic stops opposite the fixing flanges 7. The fixing insert formwork is truncated at the level of a wall 54. Such a formwork insert 6 is only held on a single panel by the fixing flanges 7 during the pouring of concrete. The fixing force of the fixing flanges 7 must then be adapted accordingly to be sufficient in view of the forces that the concrete will generate on the insert 6 during the pouring of the concrete. Furthermore, for all of the embodiments, the fixing of the formwork insert 6 on a wall thanks to its fixing flanges 7 can be achieved by any means, beyond the fixing by magnetic cylinder 17 described above. For example, in the case of wooden formwork, a cylinder clipped into the cylindrical cavities 48 but not magnetized can be glued, screwed, or nailed to the wooden formwork.

According to a variant illustrated in FIG. 20, the bearing face 53 is not defined by fixing flanges but by bearing studs 55. According to this variant of the insert 6, illustrated in top view, the frame 12 is a solid form pierced by the sheath 16 for the passage and maintenance of the guide tube 10. Two elastic legs 56 are provided with bearing studs 55 on either side of the frame 12. According to this variant, the insert is placed between the two forms 1, 2 and is maintained thanks to the elasticity of the legs 56 which, moreover, automatically position the guide tube at an equal distance from the two forms 1, 2. Moreover, outside the concrete, the wall 3 can be made from any material suitable for building construction and which can be poured between two formwork.

Claims

[1. Formwork insert (6) for shuttering wall of predetermined thickness, this insert (6) being characterized in that it comprises:]

- at least one removable fixing element (17) which has a bearing face (53) defining a fixing plane (47) and allowing the insert (6) to be fixed on a panel (1) according to this plane of fixing (47), the removable fixing element (17) comprising: a first fixing means suitable for fixing it to a wall; and a second fixing means suitable for its fixing on the formwork insert;

[- a guide tube (10) extending along a longitudinal axis parallel to the fixing plane (47).]

2. Formwork insert according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises at least one fixing sole (7) comprising said bearing face (53), the fixing sole (7) being provided with the element of removable fixing (17).

3.

Formwork insert according to Claim 2, characterized in that the fixing flange (7) comprises a cavity (48), the removable fixing element (17) being removably mounted in the cavity (48) by the second means of fixation.

4. Formwork insert according to claim 3, characterized in that said cavity (48) of the fixing flange (7) is a cylindrical cavity and in that the second fixing means is a clipping device, the element of removable fixing (17) of the fixing sole (7) being a cylinder clipped into the cylindrical cavity (48).

5. Formwork insert according to one of claims 3 or 4, characterized in that the first fixing means of the removable fixing element (17) is a magnet.

6. Formwork insert according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that it comprises two fixing flanges (7) aligned in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis (52) of the guide tube (10) .

7. Formwork insert according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a frame (12) connecting the bearing face (53) to at least one sleeve (16) in which is mounted the tube. guide (10).

8. Formwork insert according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one elastic stop (8) disposed opposite the bearing face (53).

9. Formwork insert according to claim 8, characterized in that the distance between the fixing plane (47) of the bearing face (53) and the elastic stop (8) substantially corresponds to the predetermined thickness of the shuttered wall. .

10. Formwork insert according to one of claims 8 or 9, characterized in that the elastic stop (8) comprises a half-cylinder whose longitudinal axis is parallel to the longitudinal axis (52) of the guide tube ( 10).

11. Formwork insert according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a casting level ridge (9) extending perpendicularly to the fixing plane (47), the guide tube (10) being projecting beyond the casting level ridge (9).

12. Formwork insert according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a panel stop (21) mounted on the guide tube (10) and having two stop edges (22) opposite.

13. Formwork insert according to claim 12, characterized in that the two abutment edges (22) are spaced a distance equal to the predetermined thickness of the shuttered wall.

14. Formwork insert according to one of claims 12 or 13, characterized in that it comprises means for stopping the rotation of the shuttering stop (21) on the guide tube (10).

15. Formwork insert according to one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that it comprises sliding stop means of the shuttering stop (21) on the guide tube (10).

16. Formwork insert according to claim 15, characterized in that the sliding stop means comprise a cover (51) on the shutter stop (21).

17. Formwork insert according to one of claims 15 or 16, characterized in that the panel stop (21) comprises a floor edge (23) perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (52) of the guide tube (10) .

18. Formwork insert according to claims 11 and 17, characterized in that it has a predetermined distance (L2) between the floor edge (23) and the casting level ridge (9), this predetermined distance (L2) corresponding to a predetermined thickness of the floor.

19. Formwork insert according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises an edge guide (27) mounted on the guide tube (10) and comprising a retaining finger (38) arranged vis-à-vis. vis-à-vis the bearing face (53).

20. Formwork insert according to claim 19, characterized in that the edge guide (27) comprises a mounting sleeve (34) mounted on the guide tube (10).

21. Formwork insert according to claim 20, characterized in that the edge guide (27) is slidably mounted on the guide tube (10) and in that the edge guide (27) comprises stop means in sliding (39) relative to the guide tube (10).

22. Formwork insert according to one of claims 19 to 21, characterized in that the edge guide (27) comprises a clamp (36) associated with a clamping device (37), the retaining finger (38 ) being disposed on the clamp (36).

23. Formwork insert according to claim 22, characterized in that the clamp (36) comprises a support surface (42) for formwork means, this support surface (42) being perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (52). ) of the guide tube (10).

24. Formwork insert according to one of claims 19 to 23, characterized in that it comprises an edge spacer (28) having:

- a bearing surface (29) on the guide tube (10), this bearing surface (29) extending parallel to the longitudinal axis (52);

- Support legs (30) arranged opposite the support surface (29), these support legs (30) defining a support plane (31) which coincides with the fixing plane ( 47) of the bearing face (53).

25. A fixing insert according to claim 24, characterized in that the edge spacer (28) comprises a floor casting ridge (43) which is perpendicular to the bearing surface (29).

26. Fixing insert according to claim 24 or 25, characterized in that the height of the edge spacer is equal to a predetermined thickness of the floor.

27. A fixing insert according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a safety post (44) inserted into the guide tube (10).

28. A method of constructing a lower shuttering wall (3) and an aligned upper shuttering wall (26), this method being characterized in that it implements a formwork insert (6) according to one of the claims 1 to 27, and in that it comprises the following steps:

- position the formwork insert (6) between two formwork (1, 2), the formwork insert (6) being fixed to at least one of the formwork (1) by its bearing face (53);

- pour a building material between the two shutters (1, 2) to form the lower shutter wall (3), the shuttering insert (6) being embedded in the building material except for the guide tube (10 ) which protrudes from the upper edge of the lower shuttered wall (3);

- pour a floor (24) based on the lower shuttering wall (3) so that the guide tube (10) protrudes from the floor (24);

- position two shutters (1, 2) on the floor (24) relative to the guide tube (10);

- pour a building material between the two shutters (1, 2) to form the upper shutter wall (26).

29. The method of claim 28, characterized in that it implements a formwork insert (6) according to claims 12 to 18 and in that the step of positioning two formwork (1, 2) on the floor ( 24) relative to the guide tube (10) is produced by positioning the two shutters (1, 2) on either side of the shutter stop (21), each shutter (1, 2) being disposed against an edge of stop (22).

30. A method of constructing a shuttered wall (3) and an edge floor (32), characterized in that it implements a formwork insert (6) according to one of claims 19 to 26, and in that it comprises the following steps:

- Position the formwork insert (6) between two formwork (1, 2), the formwork insert (6) being fixed at least on one of the formwork (1) by its bearing face (53);

- pour a construction material between the two shutters (1, 2) to form the shuttering wall (3), the formwork insert (6) being embedded in the building material except for the guide tube (10) which protrudes from the upper edge of the shuttered wall (3); - Put in place an edge formwork element (40, 41) which is held against the shuttering wall (3) by the retaining finger (38) of the formwork insert (6);

- pour an edge floor (32) based on the shuttering wall (3) and on the formwork element (40, 41) so that the guide tube (10) protrudes from the floor (32).