FR3092124A1 - FORMWORK INSERT FOR BANCHED WALL - Google Patents

Abstract

Formwork insert (6) for shuttering wall of predetermined thickness, comprising: - at least one fixing flange (7) comprising a bearing face defining a fixing plane (47) and allowing the fixing of the insert (6 ) on a panel according to this fixing plane (47); - a guide tube (10) extending along a longitudinal axis parallel to the fixing plane (47). Figure for the abstract: Fig. 3

Description

FORMWORK INSERT FOR FORM WALL

The invention relates to the field of building construction and relates more particularly to the formwork material used in this field.

PRIOR ART

Currently, the construction of a building by shuttered elements requires the installation of vertical shutters for the construction of the walls at each level of the building. The walls thus constructed are also called “veils”. Vertical formwork allows these walls to be made by formwork with a construction material such as concrete. For the construction of a multi-level building, the shuttered walls of the first level are first made in this way and the floor is then poured. The floor separates this first level from a second upper level. The walls of the second level are then made by the same formwork process, resting on this floor. At the interface between the walls of the first level and the walls of the second level, the floor, once poured, creates a new horizontal reference prohibiting, most of the time, access to the walls of the first level. However, in certain cases and in particular in the case of the construction of load-bearing walls whose load must be taken up at all levels of the building, certain walls of the second level must be built in alignment with a wall of the first level. To make a second-level wall in the extension of a first-level wall, despite the presence of the floor, one generally proceeds to a drawing on the ground on the floor thanks to measurements transferred in relation to a common reference to the walls of the first level. level and second level. This layout being used to position the formwork for the construction of the second level wall, possibly using heel pieces fixed to the floor on the layout.

Although these tracing operations on the ground, to position the formwork of the second level, are generally satisfactory, they nevertheless have a certain number of drawbacks. These operations depend on the know-how of the operator who makes the lines by transfer of dimensions and therefore presents a certain risk of error leading to an erroneous line or to a bad positioning of the heel pads on the line. The layout is in fact carried out blind in relation to the walls of the first level (and in particular the wall with which one wishes to align a wall of the second level) because the operator carrying out the layout has no visual control over the real position of the first level walls. These layout operations also require a considerable amount of time for their implementation, a source of uncertainties in site schedules.

The purpose of the invention is to improve the materials and processes used in the construction of shuttered walls.

To this end, the invention relates to a formwork insert for shuttered wall of predetermined thickness, this insert comprising:
- At least one bearing face defining a fixing plane and allowing the fixing of the insert on a formwork according to this fixing plane;
- A guide tube extending along a longitudinal axis parallel to the fixing plane.

Another object of the invention relates to a method of constructing a lower shuttered wall and an upper shuttered wall aligned, this method implementing a formwork insert as described above. This method further comprises the following steps:
- Position the formwork insert between two formwork panels, the formwork insert being fixed to at least one of the formwork panels by its bearing face;
- Pouring a building material between the two formwork to form the lower shuttered wall, the formwork insert being embedded in the building material with the exception of the guide tube which protrudes from the upper edge of the lower shuttered wall;
- Pour a floor resting on the lower shuttered wall so that the guide tube protrudes from the floor;
- position two panels on the floor relative to the guide tube;
- pour a construction material between the two formwork to form the upper formwork wall.

According to a preferred feature, the method uses a formwork insert which includes a formwork abutment and the step of positioning two formwork on the floor relative to the guide tube is carried out by positioning the two formwork on either side of the formwork abutment, each formwork being placed against an abutment edge of the formwork abutment.

Another object of the invention relates to a method for constructing a shuttered wall and an edge floor, this method implementing a formwork insert comprising an edge guide. This process comprises the following steps:
- Position the formwork insert between two formwork panels, the formwork insert being fixed to at least one of the formwork panels by its bearing face;
- Pour a construction material between the two formwork to form the shuttered wall, the formwork insert being embedded in the construction material with the exception of the guide tube which projects from the upper edge of the shuttered wall;
- set up an edge formwork element which is held against the shuttered wall by the retaining finger of the formwork insert;
- Pour an edge floor resting on the shuttered wall and on the formwork element so that the guide tube protrudes from the floor.

The invention allows first of all to know precisely the position of a lower wall even after a floor has been poured on this lower wall by creating a reference directly connected to the lower wall. An upper wall can then be made by formwork by positioning formwork in relation to the reference provided by the formwork insert, these formwork being therefore positioned directly in relation to the lower wall and not in relation to an external reference. Since the upper wall is precisely positioned directly in relation to the lower wall, the risk of error is reduced. This risk of error, when it affects load-bearing walls, is unacceptable from the point of view of building certification bodies. The quality of the construction work is thus improved.

In addition, the positioning of the formwork for the construction of the upper wall is done very quickly compared to a manual layout on the ground. Significant time savings in the installation of formwork are achieved thanks to the invention, which makes it possible to accelerate the delivery times of a construction site or to avoid delays in the construction progress schedule, these delays are commonly a source of significant financial overruns.

The invention contributes to the realization of safer and better quality buildings, by reducing costs and/or delivery times.

The formwork insert according to the invention may comprise the following additional characteristics, alone or in combination:
- it comprises at least one fixing sole comprising said bearing surface;
- the fixing sole comprises a cavity and a fixing element removably mounted in the cavity;
- Said cavity of the fixing sole is a cylindrical cavity and in that the fixing element of the fixing sole is a cylinder clipped into the cylindrical cavity;
- the fastening element is magnetized;
- the formwork insert comprises two fixing flanges aligned in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the guide tube;
- The formwork insert comprises a frame connecting the bearing face to at least one sheath in which the guide tube is mounted;
- the insert comprises at least one elastic stop arranged opposite the bearing face;
- the distance between the fixing plane of the support surface and the elastic stop corresponds substantially to the predetermined thickness of the shuttered wall;
- The elastic stop comprises a half-cylinder whose longitudinal axis is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the guide tube;
- the insert comprises a casting level edge extending perpendicularly to the fixing plane, the guide tube projecting beyond the casting level edge;
- the insert comprises a formwork abutment mounted on the guide tube and having two opposite abutment edges;
- the two abutment edges are spaced apart by a distance equal to the predetermined thickness of the shuttered wall;
- the insert comprises means for stopping the formwork abutment in rotation on the guide tube;
- the insert comprises sliding stop means of the formwork abutment on the guide tube;
- the sliding stop means comprise a cap on the formwork abutment;
- the formwork abutment has a floor edge perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the guide tube;
- the insert has a predetermined distance between the floor edge and the casting level edge, this predetermined distance corresponding to a predetermined thickness of the floor;
- the insert comprises an edge guide mounted on the guide tube and comprising a holding finger arranged opposite the bearing face;
- the edge guide comprises an assembly sleeve slidably mounted on the guide tube;
- The edge guide comprises stop means sliding relative to the guide tube;
- the edge guide comprises a clamp associated with a clamping device, the holding finger being arranged on the clamp;
- The clamp comprises a formwork means support surface, this support surface being perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the guide tube;
- the insert includes an edge spacer with:
- A bearing surface on the guide tube, this bearing surface extending parallel to the longitudinal axis;
- support tabs arranged opposite the support surface, these support tabs defining a support plane which coincides with the plane of attachment of the support face.
- the edge spacer has a floor casting edge which is perpendicular to the bearing surface;
- the height of the edge spacer is equal to a predetermined floor thickness;
- the insert has a safety post inserted in the guide tube.

PRESENTATION OF FIGURES

Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge from the description given of it below, by way of indication and in no way limiting, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a side view of a wall and its production formwork;

Figure 2 shows in perspective two formwork inserts according to the invention fixed on a formwork;

Figure 3 shows one of the formwork inserts of Figure 2, seen from the side;

Figure 4 shows the formwork insert of Figure 3 seen from above;

Figure 5 shows the formwork abutment of the formwork insert of Figures 3 and 4;

FIG. 6 represents a step in the production of a shuttered wall;

Figure 7 shows another step in the construction of the shuttered wall;

Figure 8 shows another step in the construction of the shuttered wall;

FIG. 9 represents a stage in the production of a floor on the shuttered wall of FIGS. 6 to 8;

FIG. 10 represents another stage in the production of the floor of FIG. 9;

Figure 11 shows a step in making an upper shuttered wall on the floor of Figures 9 and 10;

Figure 12 shows another step in the production of the upper shuttered wall of Figure 11;

FIG. 13 represents in perspective a stage in the production of an edge floor on a shuttered wall;

Figure 14 shows in perspective the edge spacer visible in Figure 13;

Figure 15 illustrates another step in making the edge floor of Figure 13;

Figure 16 illustrates another step in making the edge floor of Figure 13;

Figure 17 illustrates another step in making the edge floor of Figure 13;

FIG. 18 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the formwork insert according to the invention;

FIG. 19 illustrates another alternative embodiment of the formwork insert according to the invention;

FIG. 20 illustrates another alternative embodiment of the formwork insert according to the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Figure 1 illustrates the context of implementation of the invention. This figure shows two formwork 1, 2 profile views. A wall 3 has been cast between formwork 1, 2. Wall 3 is, in this example, made by casting concrete. Once the concrete of wall 3 has hardened sufficiently, formwork 1, 2 are removed and wall 3 is finished.

The method according to the invention will be described in the context of a simple illustrative example allowing the realization of such a wall 3 called "lower wall", as well as another wall called "upper wall" which is built in the alignment of this lower wall 3, after casting a floor between the lower wall and the upper wall.

According to this method, with reference to Figure 2, a first formwork 1 is first positioned in a conventional manner by being fixed to the ground and being supported so that its formwork surface 4 is plumb, i.e. i.e. vertical. In this example, form 1 is a steel form commonly used on construction sites.

A casting level line 5 is then drawn on the formwork surface 4. This casting level line 5 is a horizontal line representing the limit of filling by the concrete of the space present between the formwork 1, 2 and which corresponds therefore at the desired height dimension for wall 3.

Two formwork inserts 6 are then placed against the formwork surface 4 . The inserts 6 are positioned relative to the line 5 of the casting level.

The formwork inserts 6 each comprise two fixing flanges 7, two elastic stops 8, a casting level edge 9, as well as a guide tube 10.

The fixing soles 7 allow the fixing of the formwork insert 6 on the formwork surface 4 so that the guide tube 10 is parallel to the plane of the formwork surface 4. The attachment of the inserts 6 to the surface 4 is also made so that the guide tube 10 is vertical. This plumbness of the tube 10 is obtained using a tool such as a spirit level or, more simply, by aligning the fixing flanges 7 on a vertical edge 11 of the formwork 1, as shown in Figure 2.

Figures 3 and 4 show one of the formwork inserts 6. In the present example, the insert 6 comprises a frame 12 made of a polymer which may be a thermoformable polymer with a view to its production by injection molding. The frame 12 is designed to occupy a minimum of volume within the wall 3, because the formwork insert 6 is designed to be embedded in the concrete of the wall 3. The frame 12 thus comprises a vertical wall 13 provided with recesses 14 , as well as two horizontal walls 15. The qualifiers “vertical” and “horizontal” are associated with the walls 13, 15 relative to the orientation of the inserts 6 as they appear in FIG. 3.

The frame 12 further comprises two sheaths 16 in the extension of one another, extending over the height H of the insert, and allowing the fitting of the guide tube 10. The guide tube 10 is here made up of a square section steel tube. The two sheaths 16 are dimensioned to allow a tight fitting of the guide tube 10 and to provide it with a long guide ensuring that the guide tube 10 is parallel to the plane 47 for fixing the soleplates 7 for fixing. The plane 47 for fixing the soles 7 corresponds to the plane defined by the bearing face 53 of the soles 7, this plane 47 being coincident with the formwork surface 4 when the insert 6 is fixed against the formwork 1. Alternatively, the frame 12 can be simplified and include, instead of sleeves 16, an indentation in each horizontal wall 15, these indentations being adjusted to the guide tube 10. According to this alternative, the guide tube 10 is fitted onto the frame 12 by being adjusted in the two openings formed by the prints.

The two fixing flanges 7 are aligned on the insert 6 in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis 52 of the guide tube. This arrangement allows plumbing on the edge 11 of the formwork 1, as described previously.

In the present example, the fixing soles 7 each have a cylindrical cavity 48 in which is inserted a magnetic cylinder 17. In FIG. 3, the magnetic cylinder 17 of the sole 7 above is illustrated outside its cylindrical cavity 48. The magnetic cylinder 17 is fixed in the cavity 48 so that the insert 6 can be fixed on the formwork surface 4 of the formwork 1 by the magnetic adhesion of the magnetic cylinders 17 on the steel of the formwork 1. The magnetic cylinders 17 can be adjusted with a slight tightening, or clipped, into the recesses 48.

Magnetic cylinders are commonly used in the field of building construction and are already used to position elements such as electrical flush-mounting boxes on the formwork. Such magnetic cylinders can be used here as magnetic cylinders 17. It may be, for example, a magnetic cylinder in accordance with patent application FR2708135. Alternatively, the fixing soles 7 may comprise any other suitable means for the removable fixing of the insert 6 on a formwork 1 such as, for example, suction cups, electromagnets, expandable plugs.

The horizontal walls 15 of the frame 12 connect each fixing sole 7 to an elastic stop 8.

FIG. 4 is a top view of FIG. 3 according to section AA and shows the profile of one of the elastic stops 8. The elastic stops 8 are, in the present example, half-cylinders aligned vertically according to a parallel plane to the fixing plane of the fixing pads 7. The half-cylinders have a longitudinal axis which is parallel to the longitudinal axis 52 of the guide tube 10. The wall thickness and the material of the half-cylinders constituting the stops 8 are chosen to allow an elastic deformation of the abutment 8 when the insert 6 is compressed between two formwork, one of these formwork coming against the fixing plates 7 and the other formwork coming against the elastic stops 8.

The half-cylinder shape of each elastic stop 8 allows linear contact on the corresponding formwork. The distance D illustrated in Figures 3 and 4, between the fixing plane of the fixing flanges 7 and the end linear contacts of the elastic stops 8, is equal to or slightly greater than the thickness of the wall for which the insert 6 is planned.

As a variant, the elastic stops 8 can have any shape allowing elastic deformation and work in compression between two formwork panels, for example an open shape such as shape 8' shown in dotted lines in Figure 4.

Furthermore, the vertical wall 13 of the frame 12 has an edge 9 of casting level which is perpendicular to the fixing plane 47 of the fixing soles 7. The guide tube 10 projects beyond the edge 9 of casting level. casting. This edge 9 is positioned flush with the casting level line 5 to position the insert 6 in height on the formwork 1 (see figure 1).

According to a preferred characteristic, the formwork insert 6 further comprises a formwork abutment 21 mounted on the guide tube 10 and which is positioned vertically on the guide tube 10 by a cap 51. The formwork abutment 21 is shown alone in perspective in Figure 5. This formwork abutment 21 comprises a sheath 20 mounted on the guide tube 10 according to a sliding fit. The formwork abutment 21 comprises two opposite and parallel abutment edges 22, which are spaced apart by a distance corresponding to the spacing of the shuttering surfaces of the formwork which is here 20 centimeters. The formwork abutment 21 further comprises two edges 23 of the floor. The cap 51 constitutes a sliding stopping means for the formwork abutment 21 relative to the guide tube 10, at a height allowing, when the formwork abutment 21 is in place against the cap 51 (see FIG. 3), that the two edges 23 of the floor are located at a distance L2 from the edge 9 of the casting level. This dimension L2 corresponds to the desired thickness for the floor which will be poured between the levels of the building, i.e. between the lower walls and the upper walls.

Alternatively, the formwork abutment 21 can be fixed directly at the correct height on the guide tube 10, without cap 51, for example by interference fit. The formwork abutment 21 is then inseparable from the rest of the insert 6. According to another alternative not shown, the formwork abutment 21 can be stopped sliding relative to the guide tube 10 by a stop fixed to the guide tube 10 .

As part of the method according to the invention, Figure 6 illustrates the step after the step illustrated in Figure 2. The formwork is here seen in profile, and a single insert 6 is visible. After the shuttering inserts 6 have been fixed on the formwork 1, a second formwork 2 is put in place so that its formwork surface 18 is parallel to the formwork surface 4 of the formwork 1, and that these two formwork surfaces 4 , 18 are spaced apart by a distance corresponding to the thickness of the desired wall, for example 20 cm. The distance D (see figures 3 and 4) allows the support, even the compression, of the elastic stops 8 and a tight assembly of each insert 6 between the two form panels 1, 2.

When the forms 1, 2 are in place with the inserts 6 in position, the formwork can take place by pouring concrete between the two forms 1, 2. The firm fixing of the insert 6 between the two forms, by the soles of fixing 7 and by the elastic stops 8, allows the casting of the concrete without the risk of moving the inserts 6. It is not necessary to draw a casting level line on the second formwork 2, because the casting level is now not only materialized by the line 5 of the casting level of the first formwork 1, but also by a plane passing through the two edges 9 of the casting level.

Figure 7 illustrates the result of pouring concrete. The pouring of concrete is stopped when its level reaches approximately the pour level, but its upper surface 19 of the wall 3 is irregular given the properties of the concrete which is rarely fluid enough to self-smooth by gravity.

Subsequently, a simple smoothing operation using a masonry ruler resting on the edges 9 of the pouring level allows rapid and fair smoothing of the surface 19 so that it corresponds to the height of the level desired casting and so that it is perfectly consistent with the line 5 of the casting level, and therefore horizontal, this line 5 being transferred by the edges 9 of the casting level. In addition to the masonry rule, any local retouching with a trowel will also use the casting level 9 edges as a reference.

This smoothing operation results in the configuration shown in Figure 7. In Figures 7 and 8, the insert 6 is embedded in the concrete of the wall 3 and is shown in dotted lines. Only the guide tube 10 then protrudes from the wall 3.

In the present example, given as an illustrative example, the height H (see figure 3) is 20 centimeters, the distance D is equal to or slightly greater than 20 centimeters (which corresponds to a wall thickness 3 of 20 centimeters ) and the guide tube 10 has a length of 50 centimeters which corresponds to an overrun length L1 of the tube 10 beyond the edge 9 of the casting level of 30 centimeters.

From the configuration of figure 8, after the concrete of wall 3 has hardened sufficiently, the formwork 1, 2 can be removed and wall 3 is thus finished. When the formwork 1 is moved away from the wall 3, the magnetic cylinders 17 of the inserts 6 remain fixed on the formwork 1 by their magnetism while these magnetic cylinders 17 are detached from their respective cylindrical cavity 48, leaving the corresponding insert 6 in the wall 3. The magnetic cylinders 17 are calibrated for this purpose, i.e. the magnets of the magnetic cylinders 17 exert on the steel formwork a retaining force greater than the force necessary to unclip the magnetic cylinder 17 from its cavity 48.

The wall 3 thus obtained is shown in profile view in FIG. 9. The formwork stops 21 can be left in place on the formwork inserts 6, as shown in this figure 9, or can be removed beforehand, if they are removable. , so as not to interfere with the pouring of the concrete (as represented in FIGS. 2, and 6 to 8). If the concrete is poured without the formwork stops 21, the latter are then positioned on the guide tube, before the floor pouring operation described below.

Referring to Figures 6 to 8, the formwork insert 6 is sized so that the guide tube is equidistant from the two form panels 2, 3. The wall 3 thus obtained (Figure 9) is thus provided with a guide protruding vertically along the theoretical axis of the wall, that is to say along an axis extending parallel to the faces of the wall, at equal distance between these faces.

The next operation consists of pouring a floor 24 which rests on wall 3 to create an additional level to the building. The wall 3 and the floor 24 once made are shown in Figure 10. The casting of the floor 24 can be carried out directly on suitable formwork or be made, as in the present example illustrated in Figure 10, by means of two pre-slabs 25 which are supported on the upper edge of the wall 3 and which constitute the ceiling of the lower rooms delimited by the wall 3, as well as a support for the casting of the floor 24. The smoothing of the upper edge of the wall 3, which is facilitated and secured by the casting level edges 9, is therefore essential for good support of the pre-slabs 25 on the wall 3.

During the casting of the floor 24, the edges 23 of the floor of the formwork stops 21 materialize the level of casting of the floor 24, that is to say the upper limit up to which the floor will have to be poured. The ridges 23 of the floor provide a safe reference for the thickness of the floor to be poured and exempt the operators from looking for other reference elements which are by definition difficult to implement when pouring a floor between two levels then that the walls of the upper level are not yet completed. When enough concrete is poured for the formation of the floor 24, that is to say when the level of concrete reaches substantially the edge 23 of the floor, the pouring of concrete is stopped. The floor 24 is then smoothed with a ruler, taking the edges 23 of the floor as a reference, which constitute visual tools which will be complementary to the use of a laser level to gauge the level of pouring of the concrete at several points.

After the concrete constituting the floor 24 has hardened, the operations are continued by mounting a second wall at the upper level, that is to say resting on the floor 24. In this example, the upper level wall and Wall 3 are load-bearing walls and therefore must be aligned with each other (see Figure 12 showing the finished upper wall).

Referring to Figure 11, for the casting of this upper wall, the formwork 1, 2 are now positioned on the floor 24. The formwork 1, 2 is positioned relative to the guide tube 10 thanks to the formwork stops 21. To position formwork 1, 2, the base of each formwork is simply positioned against the two formwork stops 21 which protrude from the lower wall 3 (in the profile view of Figures 10 to 12, only one of the formwork stops 21 is visible) . The formwork 1, 2 are positioned on either side of the formwork stops 21. The two formwork stops 21 thus ensure the positioning of the base of the formwork 1, 2 so that their formwork surfaces 4, 18 are spaced apart. a distance determined by the spacing of the abutment edges 22 and corresponding to the desired thickness for the upper wall 26. This thickness of the upper wall 26 is here identical to the thickness of the lower wall 3.

In addition to the calibration of the thickness of the upper wall 26, the formwork stops 21 also ensure the correct positioning of the formwork 1, 2 so that the faces of the walls 3, 26 are aligned, that is to say that each face of the upper wall 26 is in the same plane as the corresponding face of the lower wall 3. This positioning of the formwork 1, 2 is carried out quickly only thanks to the formwork stops 21 and without any other tracing operation on the ground or fixing of stops. In particular, the formwork stops 21 advantageously replace the heel pieces regularly used in this field. These heel pads are generally fixed to the ground following a measurement transfer and tracing operation. The formwork abutment allows the elimination of all the operations of transfer of measurement, tracing, drilling, doweling and fixing of heel pieces, by freeing itself from the hazards relating to these operations. Forms 1, 2, after having been thus positioned, are then plumbed and held in place in the conventional manner, for example by shoring, to allow the casting of the concrete.

Figure 12 shows the upper wall 26 completed, the formwork having been removed. If the upper wall 26 is itself intended to receive an additional level, inserts 6 can also be positioned on the forms 2, 3, in the same way as for wall 3, and so on, up to the last level. of the building.

Figures 13 to 17 illustrate optional features of formwork insert 6 implemented in the particular case of floor edges. Floor edges designate the periphery of a floor’s pour stop.

Referring to Figure 13, the formwork inserts 6 receive instead of formwork stops 21, edge guides 27 for casting a floor whose edge is flush with one of the faces of a lower wall 3. These edge guides 27 are optionally each associated with a spacer 28 edge.

The edge spacer 28 is shown alone in perspective in FIG. 14. The edge spacer 28 comprises a bearing surface 29 which has a shape complementary to the guide tube 10 so that the edge spacer 28 is adapted to be supported on the guide tube 10 by this support surface 29. In the present example, the support surface 29 has a V profile given the square profile and the orientation of the guide tube 10 of this example. The edge spacer 28 further comprises support tabs 30 opposite the bearing surface 29. When the two edge spacers 28 are in place against their respective corresponding guide tube 10 (see FIG. 13) , the support lugs 30 of the two edge spacers 28 define a support plane 31 which coincides with the fixing plane 47 of the fixing soles 7.

The edge spacer 28 also has a casting edge 43 forming a height reference for casting the floor 32 and facilitating the smoothing of the floor 32.

Figure 15 shows the assembly of Figure 13 seen in profile. A pre-slab 33 has been added by resting on the upper edge of the wall 3. The pre-slab 33, optional, makes it possible to cast a floor 32 (visible in FIG. 16) which extends only on one side of the wall 3 ( the left side in Figure 16) and stops forming an edge aligning with the outer face of the wall 3 (the right face in Figure 16).

The edge guide 27 comprises a sleeve 34 adapted to be fitted or pinched on the guide tube 10, as well as a clamping structure 35 adapted to hold a clamp 36, the clamping of which is ensured here by a toggle device 37. The clamp 36 comprises, among other bearing surfaces, a holding finger 38 placed below the level of the edge 9 of the casting level of the insert 6, that is to say opposite vis-à-vis the wall 3. More specifically, the holding finger is arranged vis-à-vis one of the fixing soles 7. The holding finger 38 is pressed in the direction of the wall 3 by the clamping structure 35 The precise positioning in height of the edge guide 27 is necessary so that the holding pin 38 is correctly positioned vis-à-vis the wall 3. This positioning in height is ensured by sliding stop means of the edge guide. edge 27 with respect to the guide tube 10. An example of such sliding stop means allowing this positioning at high ur edge guide 27 is illustrated in Figure 16: it is a cap 39 of the sleeve 34 which forms an upper stop preventing the sleeve 34 from sinking on the guide tube 10 beyond this cap 39. A stop in vertical translation of the sleeve 34 on the guide tube 10 is thus achieved. Alternatively, these sliding stop means may consist, for example, of a lower stop fixed to the guide tube 10 or resting on the edge spacer 28.

As a variant, the sliding stop means can be constituted directly by the edge spacer 28 on which the sleeve 34 rests.

In the present example, the clamp 36 is suitable for maintaining and clamping against the wall 3 a formwork board 40 associated with a stiffening profile 41. Such formwork boards 40 and profile 41 are commonly used. in the field of building construction. The clamp 36 can of course, alternatively, have any other shape allowing the clamping of another type of formwork element against the wall 3. Whatever the shape of the clamp 36 and the associated formwork elements, the assembly must allow the firm maintenance of a formwork wall extending in the extension of the outer face of the wall 3 and allowing the realization of the floor 32 by pouring concrete.

The formwork board is here clamped against the wall 3 directly by the holding pin 38. The holding pin 38 also has a horizontal surface 42 adapted to the support of the section 41 and facilitating its holding before tightening. Above the wall 3, the shuttering board 40 rests on the support lugs 30 of the spacer 28. The toggle device 37, or any other equivalent device, ensures the maintenance of the shuttering board 40 against the wall 3 and against the edge spacers 28 during the pouring of concrete. This arrangement alone allows the formwork elements 40, 41 to be held in place, without requiring the use of the edge spacer 28. The spacer 28 makes it possible to secure the hold if necessary.

The pouring of concrete then makes it possible to obtain the floor 32 represented in FIG. 16. The pouring of concrete is stopped with reference to the casting edge 43 of the edge spacer 28. The smoothing of the floor 32 is then carried ruler and trowel, taking edge 43 as a reference.

The floor 32 thus obtained thus has an edge perfectly aligned with the outer edge of the lower wall 3 thanks to the positioning offered by the formwork insert 6, in addition to being able to be smoothed without any other external reference than the edge spacer 28.

Figure 17 illustrates an additional function of the formwork insert 6 when working on an edge. According to this function, the guide tube 10 is used for the insertion of safety posts 44 allowing the assembly of guardrails 45 necessary for the safety of operators when working on the banks. In the present example, the posts 44 are tubes of a diameter allowing their insertion into the guide tubes 10. The insertion of the posts 44 over the entire height of the guide tubes 10, a large portion of which is embedded in the wall 3 guarantees the maintenance in place of the posts 44 without resorting to any other drilling in the concrete or other installation of a guide.

Alternative embodiments of the formwork insert can be implemented without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, the guide tube 10 may have another form of stoppage in rotation, different from a square profile, for example a longitudinal groove, to maintain the formwork abutment 21 or the edge guide 27 in a predetermined angular position. along the longitudinal axis of the guide tube 10. Alternatively, the guide tube 10 may have no rotation stop means and the formwork abutment is made accordingly. FIG. 18 illustrates such an alternative (the elements common to this alternative and to what was described previously bear the same numbers). In FIG. 18, the formwork stopper 21 is seen from above, between two formwork sections 1, 2. The guide tube 10 is a tube with a circular profile and the formwork stopper can rotate freely around the guide tube 10. However, the formwork abutment comprises two pairs of diametrically opposed branches 49, each branch 49 carrying an abutment edge 22. The formwork inserts 6 being preferably used in pairs for the construction of a wall, the positioning of a formwork 1 against the two corresponding formwork abutments 21 naturally cause each formwork abutment 21 to pivot around the guide tube 10 so that two of its abutment edges 22 are positioned against the formwork 1. The doubling of the abutment edges 22 for each formwork makes it possible to dispense with means for stopping the rotation of the formwork abutment 21 relative to the guide tube 10.

Figure 19 also illustrates a variant of the formwork insert 6. In Figure 19, the elements common to what has been described previously bear the same numbers. To illustrate this variant of formwork insert 6, only frame 12 has been shown. The other elements are similar to what was described previously. According to this variant, the formwork insert 6 is fixed on a formwork by means of the fixing soles 7 but does not rest on the other formwork and does not comprise elastic stops opposite the fixing soles 7. The insert of formwork is truncated at a wall 54. Such a formwork insert 6 is only held on a single formwork by the fixing flanges 7 during the casting of the concrete. The fixing force of the fixing flanges 7 must then be adapted accordingly to be sufficient in view of the forces that the concrete will generate on the insert 6 during the pouring of the concrete.

Moreover, for all the embodiments, the fixing of the formwork insert 6 on a formwork using its fixing soles 7 can be carried out by any means, beyond the fixing by magnetic cylinder 17 described previously. For example, in the case of wooden formwork, a cylinder that can be clipped into the cylindrical cavities 48 but not magnetized can be glued, screwed or nailed to the wooden formwork.

According to a variant illustrated in FIG. 20, the bearing surface 53 is not defined by fixing soles but by bearing studs 55. According to this variant of the insert 6, illustrated in top view, the frame 12 is a solid form pierced with sheath 16 for the passage and maintenance of guide tube 10. Two elastic legs 56 are provided with bearing studs 55 on either side of frame 12. According to this variant, the insert is placed between the two formwork 1, 2 and is maintained thanks to the elasticity of the legs 56 which, moreover, automatically position the guide tube at equal distance from the two formwork 1, 2.

Furthermore, apart from concrete, the wall 3 can be made of any material suitable for building construction and which can be cast between two formwork panels.

Claims (28)

Formwork insert (6) for shuttered wall of predetermined thickness, this insert (6) being characterized in that it comprises:
- at least one fixing sole (7) comprising a bearing surface (53) defining a fixing plane (47) and allowing the fixing of the insert (6) on a formwork (1) according to this fixing plane ( 47), the fixing sole (7) comprising a cavity (48) and a fixing element (17) removably mounted in the cavity (48);
- a guide tube (10) extending along a longitudinal axis parallel to the fixing plane (47). 2. formwork insert according to claim 1, characterized in that said cavity (48) of the fixing sole (7) is a cylindrical cavity and in that the fixing element (17) of the fixing sole (7 ) is a cylinder clipped into the cylindrical cavity (48). 3. Formwork insert according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the fixing element (17) is magnetized. 4. formwork insert according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it comprises two fixing flanges (7) aligned in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis (52) of the guide tube (10) . 5. Formwork insert according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a frame (12) connecting the bearing face (53) to at least one sheath (16) in which is mounted the tube of guide (10). 6. Formwork insert according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one elastic stop (8) arranged opposite the bearing face (53). 7. formwork insert according to claim 6, characterized in that the distance between the fixing plane (47) of the bearing face (53) and the elastic stop (8) corresponds substantially to the predetermined thickness of the shuttered wall . 8. formwork insert according to one of claims 6 or 7, characterized in that the elastic stop (8) comprises a half-cylinder whose longitudinal axis is parallel to the longitudinal axis (52) of the guide tube ( 10). 9. Formwork insert according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a casting level edge (9) extending perpendicularly to the fixing plane (47), the guide tube (10) being projecting beyond the casting level edge (9). 10. Formwork insert according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a formwork abutment (21) mounted on the guide tube (10) and having two opposite abutment edges (22). 11. Formwork insert according to claim 10, characterized in that the two abutment edges (22) are spaced apart by a distance equal to the predetermined thickness of the shuttered wall. 12. Formwork insert according to one of claims 10 or 11, characterized in that it comprises means for stopping the rotation of the formwork abutment (21) on the guide tube (10). 13. Formwork insert according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that it comprises sliding stop means of the formwork abutment (21) on the guide tube (10). 14. Formwork insert according to claim 13, characterized in that the sliding stop means comprise a cap (51) on the formwork abutment (21). 15. formwork insert according to one of claims 13 or 14, characterized in that the formwork abutment (21) comprises a floor edge (23) perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (52) of the guide tube (10) . 16. Formwork insert according to claims 9 and 15, characterized in that it has a predetermined distance (L2) between the floor edge (23) and the casting level edge (9), this predetermined distance ( L2) corresponding to a predetermined floor thickness. 17. Formwork insert according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises an edge guide (27) mounted on the guide tube (10) and comprising a retaining pin (38) arranged screw- vis-a-vis the bearing face (53). 18. Formwork insert according to claim 17, characterized in that the edge guide (27) comprises a mounting sleeve (34) slidably mounted on the guide tube (10). 19. Formwork insert according to claim 18, characterized in that the edge guide (27) comprises sliding stop means (39) relative to the guide tube (10). 20. Formwork insert according to one of claims 17 to 19, characterized in that the edge guide (27) comprises a clamp (36) associated with a clamping device (37), the holding pin (38 ) being disposed on the clamp (36). 21. Formwork insert according to claim 20, characterized in that the clamp (36) comprises a support surface (42) for formwork means, this support surface (42) being perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (52 ) of the guide tube (10). 22. Formwork insert according to one of claims 17 to 21, characterized in that it comprises an edge spacer (28) having:
- a support surface (29) on the guide tube (10), this support surface (29) extending parallel to the longitudinal axis (52);
- support tabs (30) arranged opposite the support surface (29), these support tabs (30) defining a support plane (31) which coincides with the fixing plane ( 47) of the support face (53). 23. Fixing insert according to claim 22, characterized in that the edge spacer (28) comprises a floor casting edge (43) which is perpendicular to the bearing surface (29). 24. Fixing insert according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that the height of the edge spacer is equal to a predetermined floor thickness. 25. Fixing insert according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a safety post (44) inserted in the guide tube (10). 26. A method of constructing a lower shuttered wall (3) and an upper shuttered wall (26) aligned, this method being characterized in that it implements a formwork insert (6) according to one of claims 1 to 25, and in that it comprises the following steps:
- positioning the formwork insert (6) between two formwork panels (1, 2), the formwork insert (6) being fixed to at least one of the formwork panels (1) by its bearing face (53);
- pouring a building material between the two shutterings (1, 2) to form the lower shuttered wall (3), the formwork insert (6) being embedded in the building material with the exception of the guide tube (10 ) which projects from the upper edge of the lower shuttered wall (3);
- sinking a floor (24) resting on the lower shuttered wall (3) so that the guide tube (10) protrudes from the floor (24);
- Positioning two panels (1, 2) on the floor (24) relative to the guide tube (10);
- Pouring a building material between the two formwork (1, 2) to form the upper formwork wall (26). 27. Method according to claim 26, characterized in that it implements a formwork insert (6) according to claims 12 to 18 and in that the step of positioning two formwork panels (1, 2) on the floor ( 24) relative to the guide tube (10) is made by positioning the two form panels (1, 2) on either side of the form abutment (21), each form form (1, 2) being placed against an edge of stopper (22). 28. Method of constructing a shuttered wall (3) and an edge floor (32), characterized in that it implements a formwork insert (6) according to one of claims 17 to 24, and in that it comprises the following steps:
- positioning the formwork insert (6) between two formwork panels (1, 2), the formwork insert (6) being fixed at least to one of the formwork panels (1) by its bearing face (53);
- pouring a building material between the two shutterings (1, 2) to form the shuttering wall (3), the formwork insert (6) being embedded in the building material with the exception of the guide tube (10) which protrudes from the upper edge of the shuttered wall (3);
- put in place an element (40, 41) of edge formwork which is held against the shuttered wall (3) by the retaining finger (38) of the formwork insert (6);
- Casting an edge floor (32) resting on the shuttered wall (3) and on the formwork element (40, 41) so that the guide tube (10) protrudes from the floor (32).