FR3108132A1 - MODULE FOR COATING WALL, CASSETTE FOR THIS MODULE, COATING WALL AND ITS ASSEMBLY METHOD - Google Patents

Abstract

MODULE FOR COVERING WALL, CASSETTE FOR THIS MODULE, COVERING WALL AND ITS ASSEMBLY PROCESS The module for covering wall fixed to a surface to be coated with a pre-existing wall comprises a cassette (1). The cassette (1) comprises a frame (2) and a layer (3, 4) of a thermally insulating material fixed to the frame (2). The frame (2) of the cassette (1) forms a rigid support for the layer (3, 4) of insulating material. The module (10) comprises a fixing device (11) fixed to the rigid support of the cassette (1), for fixing the cassette (1) to at least one other cassette (1). Figure for the abstract: Fig. 18

Description

MODULE FOR CLADDING WALL, CASSETTE FOR THIS MODULE, CLADDING WALL AND ITS ASSEMBLY METHOD

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the field of building insulation, and more particularly to the field of thermal insulation.

TECHNOLOGICAL BACKGROUND

More specifically, the invention relates to improving the thermal insulation of a building by mounting an insulated cladding wall on an exterior wall of the building.

In the field of insulation, it is known to propose the construction of a wall on the load-bearing structure of a building, the wall having particular properties of insulation, in particular thermal insulation. Document EP 2917429 describes an example in which a wall of the building is formed by assembling modules mounted on the supporting structure by means of dedicated connecting and fixing members. Each module forms a box, in which a thermally insulating material is contained and evacuated. The thermal insulation performance, for a reduced wall thickness, is thus improved. This solution thus makes it possible to construct a building or add a room to a building with performance in terms of thermal insulation adapted to the needs.

However, it may be desired, on a building, or a room, already built, to improve the performance in terms of insulation, in particular thermal. In this case, the walls, and mainly the exterior walls, of the building must be preserved, the load-bearing structure of the building not being accessible in its entirety. The solution proposed in document EP 2917429 is therefore unsuitable.

One solution then consists in covering the pre-existing walls of the building with a coating comprising a thermally insulating material.

Document EP 3130721 thus proposes to set up an element covered on each of two opposite faces of a surface panel and to fix it on the pre-existing wall. In order to compensate for any irregularities in the pre-existing wall, a layer of insulation of a flexible material can be provided between one of the surface panels and the pre-existing wall.

However, such a coating poses several problems.

Preferably, such a coating is placed on the exterior side of the building, precisely so as not to waste space inside the building. However, the exterior environment of the building may not allow such a covering to be laid. Indeed, such a coating must include a suitable bracing system, which can be tedious to set up in addition to requiring additional time to install it.

In addition, work outside the building involves setting up scaffolding, especially when the building has several floors. However, the building environment does not always allow such scaffolding to be erected. In addition, the assembly of scaffolding, and its dismantling, involve an additional loss of time.

Furthermore, the coating must be made to measure to perfectly suit the pre-existing wall, so that costly sizing and cutting operations are inevitable.

There is thus a need for a solution for cladding a pre-existing wall of a building that overcomes in particular the aforementioned drawbacks.

The invention thus aims to provide a covering wall that is easy to install, inexpensive, and which can be adapted to several wall sizes.

Thus, the invention relates to a module for a covering wall, the covering wall being intended to be fixed on a surface to be covered of a pre-existing wall, the module comprising at least one cassette, the cassette comprising at least one frame and at least one layer of a thermally insulating material fixed to the frame, the frame of the cassette forming a rigid support for the layer of insulating material, the module further comprising a fixing device fixed to the rigid support of the cassette, excluding the layer of insulating material, and adapted to fix the cassette to at least one other cassette.

Thanks to these provisions, we have an elementary object that can be manufactured in the factory in a standard way, whatever the insulation site. The factory will thus be able to take advantage of periods when the demand for made-to-measure cassettes is low to adjust the stock of standard objects. This allows that, when ordering a cladding wall, a good part of it can be made from standard elements already manufactured, and the construction site can quickly begin. All that remains is to manufacture and come and assemble the particular modules.

Depending on various aspects, it is possible to provide one and/or the other of the provisions below.

According to one embodiment, the cassette is a first cassette, and the module further comprises at least a second cassette, the fixing device being fixed to the rigid frame of the first and second cassettes, with the exception of the layer of material insulation of each cassette.

According to one embodiment, the cassettes are of identical dimensions and shape, the frame of the cassettes is rectangular in shape so as to have two longitudinal edges, the cassettes are placed side by side along a longitudinal edge, and the device fixing comprises at least one longitudinal connecting bar fixed in a watertight manner on a longitudinal edge of each cassette.

According to one embodiment, the fixing device comprises at least one watertight transverse connecting bar fixed to the frame of the two cassettes and extending along the transverse edges of the cassettes arranged in continuity with each other. .

According to another aspect, the invention relates to a covering cassette specially designed to form part of such a module, the cassette comprising at least two layers of thermally insulating material fixed to the frame, the first layer being intended to come into contact with and be compressed against the surface to be coated,

According to one embodiment, the frame comprises an airtight box, the second layer of thermally insulating material being placed in the vacuum box.

According to one embodiment, the airtight box is formed by a first open box in which the second layer of insulating material is placed and a second open box of larger dimensions than the first box, the second box forming a cover on the first casing, the second casing being fixed to the first casing in an airtight manner and so as to contain the first casing, the first layer of insulating material being fixed to the second casing.

According to one embodiment, the frame is rectangular in shape.

According to one embodiment, the cassette comprises such a cassette and an opening suitable for receiving a joinery of the door frame or window frame type to be assembled to said cassette.

According to another aspect, the invention relates to a module for a covering wall, the covering wall being intended to be fixed on a surface to be covered of a pre-existing wall, the module comprising at least two such cassettes and comprising a device fixing the two cassettes to each other.

According to one embodiment, the two cassettes are of identical dimensions and shape, the frame of the cassettes is rectangular in shape so as to have two longitudinal edges, the cassettes are placed next to each other along a longitudinal edge, their transverse edges being in the extension of each other and the fixing device comprises at least one longitudinal connecting bar fixed astride the frame of the two cassettes in a watertight manner and extending over the entire dimension of the longitudinal edges Cassette tapes.

According to one embodiment, the fastening device comprises at least transverse connecting bars fixed astride the frame of the two cassettes in a watertight manner and extending along transverse edges in continuity with each other. .

According to another aspect, the invention relates to a covering wall comprising at least one such module, and comprising a system for fixing the module to the surface to be covered of the pre-existing wall.

According to one embodiment, the fastening system comprises a system for adjusting the compression of the first layer of insulating material of each cassette against the surface to be coated.

According to one embodiment, the wall comprises a set of seals between the cassettes and between the modules.

• la prise de mesure du mur préexistant sur la surface à revêtir selon au moins deux directions perpendiculaires;
• la détermination du nombre de cassettes de dimensions prédéterminées pour recouvrir une grande partie de la surface à revêtir;
• la détermination du nombre de modules et des dimensions de chaque module à partir du nombre de cassettes;
• la fabrication des cassettes;
• l’assemblage des cassettes en modules;

• la fixation des modules sur la surface à revêtir.

According to another aspect, the invention relates to a method for mounting such a covering wall comprising:

• measuring the pre-existing wall on the surface to be coated in at least two perpendicular directions;
• determining the number of cassettes of predetermined dimensions to cover a large part of the surface to be coated;
• determining the number of modules and the dimensions of each module from the number of cassettes;
• the manufacture of cassettes;
• assembling the cassettes into modules;

• fixing the modules to the surface to be coated.

According to one embodiment, the method comprises a determination of dimensions for additional cassettes making it possible to cover the entire surface to be coated.

• la détermination de points de fixation sur la surface à revêtir en fonction du nombre et des dimensions calculés des modules;
• la fixation rigide, sur les points de fixation, de supports pour les modules ;

• le montage des modules sur les supports.

According to one embodiment, the step of fixing the modules comprises

• the determination of fixing points on the surface to be coated according to the calculated number and dimensions of the modules;
• the rigid fixing, on the fixing points, of supports for the modules;

• mounting the modules on the supports.

According to one embodiment, the step of fixing the modules comprises an operation of adjusting the compression of the first layer of thermally insulating material of each cassette against the surface to be coated

Embodiments of the invention will be described below with reference to the drawings, briefly described below:

shows in perspective a cassette according to a first embodiment.

is an exploded perspective view of part of the cassette of Figure 1.

is an exploded perspective view of the cassette of Figure 1.

is a perspective view of a module comprising several cassettes of the type of Figure 1.

is an exploded perspective view of the module of Figure 4.

is a partial sectional view of the module of Figure 4.

is a detail view of a longitudinal fixing device according to an exemplary embodiment and of a cassette of FIG. 1.

is another exploded perspective view of the module of Figure 4.

is a perspective view of a transverse fixing device according to an exemplary embodiment.

is a detail view of the transverse fixing device of figure 9 and of a cassette of figure 1.

is a sectional view of the detail of figure 10.

is a perspective view of a detail of the module of Figure 4.

is a perspective view of a wall mounting device according to one embodiment.

is a side view of the securing device of Figure 13.

is a perspective view illustrating the attachment of the module of Figure 4 to the wall.

is a view similar to Figure 15 with the addition of a cover.

is a side view of the system in Figure 16.

is a front view of a wall covered with several modules.

is an exploded top perspective view of a cassette according to a second embodiment.

is a top perspective view of the cassette of Figure 19.

is a side perspective view showing the wall mounting of the cassette of Figure 19.

is a side perspective view of a module comprising a cassette according to another embodiment.

In the drawings, identical references designate identical or similar objects.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In Figure 1, there is shown a cassette 1 intended to be assembled with other cassettes 1, as will be explained later, in order to form a covering wall covering a surface to be covered with a pre-existing wall.

• une première couche 3 dite intermédiaire destinée à être compressée entre le bâti et la surface à revêtir;
• une deuxième couche 4 dite de performance, destinée à augmenter les performances en matière d’isolation thermique par rapport à la seule couche 3 compressible.

Cassette 1 comprises a frame 2 forming a rigid support for at least two layers 3 , 4 of thermally insulating material:

• a first so-called intermediate layer 3 intended to be compressed between the frame and the surface to be coated;
• a second so-called performance layer 4, intended to increase the performance in terms of thermal insulation compared to the single compressible layer 3.

By thermally insulating material, we mean here any material whose thermal conductivity is low enough to meet the standards in terms of thermal insulation provided for in the building.

The intermediate layer 3 is characterized by a sufficiently low hardness, and in any case less than the hardness of the surface to be coated, to deform following the roughness of the surface to be coated with which it is in contact and to compensate for defects. flatness of the surface to be coated, when suitable pressure is exerted on the cassette 1.

More specifically, according to the embodiment of the figures, the frame 2 is of substantially rectangular parallelepipedal shape and comprises a first casing 5 called exterior and a second casing 6 called interior, the dimensions of the second casing 6 being smaller than that of the casing 5 exterior , so that the inner housing 6 can be housed in the outer housing 5.

Each housing, respectively 5, 6, comprises a bottom, respectively 5a , 6a , and four edges: two edges, respectively 5b , 6b , longitudinal and two edges, respectively 5c, 6c, transverse.

By longitudinal edge, here is meant the edge of greater length than the transverse edge.

The inner casing 6 forms a housing inside which the performance layer 4 is placed, and the outer casing 5 fits over the inner casing 6 so as to enclose the performance layer 4 between the bottoms 5a, 6a of the two boxes 5, 6. Optionally, the performance layer 4 is in the form of a block which can be glued to the bottom 6a of the inner box 6, and/or to the edges 6b, 6c of the inner box 6, and/ or on the bottom 5a of the outer casing 5. The performance layer 4 is thus held in place in its housing, facilitating the subsequent assembly operations of the cassette 1.

The outer dimensions of the inner casing 6 substantially correspond to the inner dimensions of the outer casing 5, so that the edges 6b, 6c of the inner casing 6 are in contact with the edges 5b, 5c of the outer casing 5, and can be fixed, for example by gluing, above. Alternatively, the outer dimensions of the inner casing 6 are smaller than the inner dimensions of the outer casing 5, so that an airtight seal, and preferably also a watertight seal, can be fixed between the edges 5b, 5c of the outer casing 5 and the edges 6b, 6c of the inner casing 6.

The frame 2, formed by the outer casing 5 fitted onto the inner casing 6, thus comprises, for the performance layer 4, a housing which can be airtight. This housing can advantageously be put under vacuum, so that the performance layer 4 is compressed in the housing, ensuring high performance in terms of thermal insulation.

When the outer casing 5 and the inner casing 6 are nested one on the other, and possibly fixed to one another, the edges 5b, 5c of the outer casing 5 extend beyond the bottom 6a of the inner casing 6, so as to form a housing for the intermediate layer 3. Thus, the intermediate layer 3 can be a fixed block, for example by gluing, on the bottom 6a of the inner casing 6 and/or on the edges 5b, 5c of the outer casing 5.

The thickness of the intermediate layer 3 is such that it has a so-called contact surface 3a, substantially parallel to the bottoms 5a, 6a of the boxes 5, 6, emerging from the outer box 5. The contact surface 3a is thus available to come into contact with the surface to be coated. Opposite the surface 3a, the bottom 5a of the outer casing 5 has an outer surface 7, intended to face outwards, and possibly to be coated with a final coating, such as siding.

The boxes 5, 6 are made for example by thermoforming, facilitating changes in dimensions. More specifically, thermoforming involves a counter-form, or mould, on which the material made ductile is applied to take its shape. When the frame 2 is of substantially rectangular parallelepipedal shape, the dimensions of the molds of each casing 5, 6 can be modified by providing two fixed angles on the counter-form and two movable angles, so that the length of the edges 5a, 6a is changeable.

The boxes 5, 6 are made for example of a composite material of plastic and wood fibers, and can be provided to resist fire.

The cassette 1 can thus be used to be applied against a surface to be coated by bringing the contact surface 3a of the intermediate layer 3 into contact with the surface to be coated and by providing an outer surface 7 which can carry a final coating, such as a siding.

Cassette 1 is associated with a fixing device 11 to form a system of cassettes. The fixing device 11 is suitable for fixing the cassette 1 to at least one other cassette 1.

In order to facilitate the mounting of the cassettes 1 and to cover the entire surface to be coated, the cassettes 1 are assembled in a module 10 .

More specifically, each module 10 comprises at least two cassettes 1 and a device 11 for fixing the two cassettes 1 to each other.

According to the embodiment shown in the figures, each module 10 comprises three cassettes 1. In practice, the number of cassettes 1 per module 10, as well as the dimensions of the cassettes 1, can be defined so as to optimize the covering of the surface. to cover, as will be explained later.

The cassettes 1 of a module 10 are arranged next to each other, for example along the longitudinal edge 5b of the outer casing 5 of the frame 2 of each cassette 1, and have the same longitudinal dimensions. This longitudinal dimension corresponds for example to a height of one floor of a building.

According to the example presented here, the fixing device 11 comprises in particular a longitudinal fixing element 12 and a transverse fixing element 13 .

According to one embodiment, the longitudinal fixing element 12 is in the form of a T-shaped cross-section profile, the ends of the horizontal bar of which are curved substantially perpendicularly downwards, forming a hook. In other words, the longitudinal fastening element 12 comprises a central bar 12a with two hooks 12b on either side of the central bar 12a, which forms a plane of symmetry for the hooks 12b. The dimension of the hooks 12b is adapted to the thickness of the edges 5b of the outer casings 5, so as to be able to snap on them. The length of the longitudinal fixing device 12 corresponds substantially to the distance between the transverse edges 5c of the outer casings 5 of the cassettes 1.

More specifically, the hooks 12b are elastically deformable, manually or with the aid of a tool, so as to be able to be separated from the central bar 12a, and to allow a longitudinal rim 5b of an outer casing 5 to be inserted between a hook 12b and the central bar 12a of the element 12 for longitudinal attachment. The elastic return of the hook 12b ensures the retention of the longitudinal edge 5b between the hook 12b and the central bar 12a. By thus placing a longitudinal edge 5b of an outer casing 5 on each of the two hooks 12b, the longitudinal fixing device 12 ensures the assembly of two outer casings 5, and therefore of two cassettes 1.

Alternatively or in combination with the elastic deformation of the hooks 12b, the device 12 for longitudinal fixing can be glued to the outer casing 5 of each of the cassettes 1 assembled.

Optionally, in order to be able to insert the longitudinal edge 5b of the outer casing 5 into a hook 12b, the intermediate layer 3 can be pushed back, manually or using a tool, to be moved away from the longitudinal edge 5b and allow the hook 12b to be housed between the intermediate layer 3 and the longitudinal edge 5.

When the hooks 12b are in place on the longitudinal edges 5b of two cassettes 1, the central bar 12a extends between the longitudinal edges 5b, between the two cassettes 1.

The device 12 for longitudinal fixing may comprise a sealing element. According to the embodiment presented, the sealing element is a gasket 12c fixed to the free end of the central bar 12a, and compressed between the two longitudinal edges 5b of the cassettes 1.

The longitudinal fixing device 12 is provided between each cassette 1 of the module, as well as along at least one of the two free longitudinal edges 5b, that is to say a longitudinal edge 5b of a cassette 1 at one of the ends of module 10, in order to allow assembly of module 10 with another module 10.

According to one embodiment, the transverse fixing element 13 is in the form of a U-shaped section profile, that is to say comprising two lateral branches 13a connected by a central branch 13b, and whose dimensions are adapted to snap onto the transverse edges 5c of the outer casings 5 of the cassettes 1 placed side by side. The length of the gutter is adapted to snap onto the aligned transverse edges 5c of the cassettes 1 of a module 10.

For example, as for the longitudinal fixing device 12, the gutter of the transverse fixing device 13 is elastically deformable, manually or using a tool, in order to separate the two lateral branches 13a of the gutter one on the other and to allow the insertion of the transverse edge 5c against the central branch 13b. The elastic return ensures the maintenance of the transverse edges 5c in the device 13 for transverse fixing.

According to the embodiment of the figures, the transverse fixing element 13 covers the transverse edge 5c of each cassette 1, but also the device 12 for longitudinal fixing. Thus, a side branch 13a of the U of the transverse fixing device 13 is in contact with the outer surface 7 of each cassette and the other side branch 13a is in contact with the longitudinal fixing element 12, so as to ensure continuity in the seal between the cassettes 1 of a module 10.

Optionally, in order to ensure the tightness of the module, the transverse fixing element 13 comprises a sealing element 13c arranged between the outer surface 7 of the cassettes 1 and the corresponding side branch 3a.

Alternatively or in addition to holding the side branches 13a by elastic return, the transverse fixing element 13 can be glued to the outer casing 5 of each cassette 1 of a module 10. According to one embodiment, it is fixed by screwing on the elements 12 of longitudinal fixing. To this end, it is provided that the intermediate layer 3 does not completely fill the outer casing 5, and that a gap is made between the transverse edges 5c of the outer casing 5 and the intermediate layer 3, so as to allow one of the side branches 13a to partly overlap the longitudinal attachment elements 12. A penetration fastening element 14 , of the screw type, can then be inserted through the transverse fastening element 13 and each longitudinal fastening element 12, ensuring that the transverse fastening element 13 is held in position on the cassettes. 1.

The transverse fixing element 13 can be provided to assemble a protective profile as will be seen below. To this end, the side branch 13a in contact with the outer surface 7 may comprise a groove 15 in which the protective profile is fixed. A retaining system, by gluing, or by screwing for example, can be provided to ensure that the protective profile is properly held in the groove 15.

The longitudinal fixing element 12 and the transverse fixing element 13 are for example obtained by a pultrusion process and are made of a composite material having a high rigidity, that is to say that they do not deform during handling by operators and under normal conditions of use.

The fixing elements 12, 13 thus form a frame for the module 10, so that a module 10 forms an assembly ready to be placed on a surface to be coated in order to increase its thermal insulation capacity.

The structural functions, i.e. the elements making it possible to assemble the cassettes into modules, to assemble the modules and to mount the modules on the surface to be coated, are separate and distinct from the insulating functions, i.e. that is, elements whose role is to improve the thermal insulation of the surface to be coated. More specifically, the fixing elements 12, 13 interact only with the frame 2 of the cassettes 1, excluding the layers 3, 4 of insulating materials. Thus, the layers 3, 4 are not impacted by the bindings, and in particular they are not drilled or used as a support for the bindings. The dimensioning of the cassettes and modules in order to optimize the thermal insulation is thereby facilitated, while the fixing elements can be standardized.

Indeed, the surface to be coated can have any dimensions, with possible openings for doors or windows, the size of the cassettes and the size of the modules can be easily adapted in order to form a wall 20 of coating covering the surface 21 to coat in its entirety.

Figure 19 schematically shows another embodiment of a cassette 1. Cassette 1 differs from the previous embodiment in that it does not include a vacuum insulator. Consequently, compared to the embodiment above, it has a greater thickness for the same thermal performance. The frame may comprise an exterior plate 105 and an interior plate 106, the terms "interior" and "exterior" continuing to be used in reference to the surface of the building to be covered. An insulating layer 59 can be glued to the interior face of the interior plate 106. The performance layer 4 can be fixed to the frame between the outer 105 / inner 106 plates. In this embodiment, the frame further comprises two parallel longitudinal beams 105c, arranged on either side of the performance layer 4. Each beam longitudinal has a cross section in H. It can for example be made by two cleats 51 parallel to each other, extending along the longitudinal direction, spaced from a board 52 which is joined to them. The board 52 is for example inserted into a longitudinal groove of each cleat 51 for fixing. The beam 105c is fixed to the outer plates 105 and inner 106 in any suitable way, such as for example by screwing. This attachment compresses Performance Layer 4 inside the frame. This compression itself secures the performance layer 4 in the frame by friction.

As can be seen in FIG. 20, the two longitudinal beams 105c hold together, in an interior space, the performance layer 4 and the interior plate 106. The outer portion of the performance layer 4 may have profiled recesses to accommodate the cleats 51 outside.

In this exemplary embodiment, the cassette 1 may further comprise a sealed protection against the runoff of rainwater. It is for example possible to provide an outer rain-proof film 53 completely covering the outer face of the outer plate 105, and folded around each of the four edges of the outer plate 105. More specifically, on the longitudinal edges, the rainproof film 53 is folded down between the inner face of the outer plate 105 and the outer cleat 51.

As visible in Figures 19 and 20, the cassette 1 further comprises a fixing device 111 intended to fix the cassette 1 on adjacent cassettes. The fixing device 111 comprises a longitudinal fixing element 112 suitable for fixing the cassette 1 to an adjacent cassette along a longitudinal edge thereof. For this, the longitudinal fixing element 112 comprises a face facing the cassette 1 and of complementary shape to this cassette 1, and an opposite face, intended to be facing an opposite face of an adjacent cassette, and of complementary shape. of this adjacent face. For example, the longitudinal fastening element 112 has a shape that fits between two cleats 51 inside and outside of a side beam 105c. Such a shape is provided on each side of the longitudinal fixing element 112, so as to allow its interlocking also with the adjacent cassette. The longitudinal fastening element 112 can thus have a symmetrical shape, allowing it to be installed easily without having to take its orientation into account. The longitudinal fixing element 112 is fixed to the cassette in any suitable way, for example by screwing.

As can also be seen in Figure 20, the outer plate 105 projects laterally with respect to the longitudinal beam 105c, so that, in the event of assembly of two juxtaposed cassettes, the outer plates 105 thereof come into contact and thus ensure sealing by contact of their respective rainscreen films 53, if necessary by means of an intermediate joint 60.

As shown in Figure 21 (Figure 21 is a section where the longitudinal fastener 112 is not present), the outer 105 and inner 106 plates also project longitudinally from the top face of the performance layer. 4 so as to define between them a channel for receiving a transverse fixing element 113 forming part of the device 111 for fixing. The transverse fixing element 113 fits, as shown in Figure 21, between the outer 105 and inner 106 plates. In addition, it extends over a length greater than the width of two adjacent cassettes 1, so as to be able to be secured to these two cassettes 1 at a time. The transverse fixing element 113 is fixed to the cassette in any suitable way, for example by screwing. It is dimensioned so as to be flush with the level of the upper edge of the outer 105 and inner 106 plates. As can also be seen in FIG. 21, the rainscreen film 53 is folded over the transverse fixing element 113 . This description also applies to the bottom edge of the cassette.

As seen in Figure 21, the module serves as a support for receiving a decorative panel 54, for example of the decorative cladding or solid panel type. The panel 54 is for example fixed on battens 55 themselves fixed to the outer face of the outer plate 105.

The installation of a cladding wall according to either of the above embodiments on the surface of a wall to be clad is shown below. For this purpose, the geometry of the surface 21 to be coated is measured. More specifically, the shape and dimensions of the surface 21 to be coated are determined.

In what follows, the terms height and width are used here according to their common sense in reference to the dimensions of the surface to be clad in accordance with the natural orientation of a wall on a building erected vertically.

According to an exemplary embodiment, an optical sensor, with or without contact, makes it possible to detect a set of points on the surface 21 to be coated and to obtain a model of the surface to be coated in the form of a cloud of points in order to determine the dimensions of the surface to be covered and the presence of openings for doors or windows.

From this cloud of points, hooking sites 22 can be determined as corresponding, on the surface to be coated, to favorable locations for setting up a hooking system for the modules 10 on the surface 21 to be coated. Their number and their distribution can be determined by the geometry of the surface 21 to be coated, but also by the nature of the material constituting the wall to be coated.

The attachment system comprises for example a set of attachment parts 23 fixed rigidly to the surface 21 to be coated, for example inserted into a hole made in the wall to be coated. In order to prevent the attachment system from weakening the wall to be coated, and in order to allow attachment to a depth not limited by the thickness of the wall to be coated, the attachment sites 22 are preferably placed at the level horizontal slabs of the building. In general, a building has one slab on the ground, and one slab per level. Thus, typically when the building is a one-story house, the building comprises three slabs.

Each hooking part 23 comprises a system 24 for hooking and adjusting the compression of the intermediate layer 3 of at least one cassette 1 against the surface 21 to be coated.

According to one embodiment, the attachment and adjustment system 24 makes it possible to attach and adjust the compression of the intermediate layer 3 for two cassettes 1 against the surface 21 to be coated.

For example, an attachment piece 23 is in the form of a plate bent substantially at right angles, L-shaped, so as to have a first portion 25 intended to be applied against the surface 21 to be coated and a second portion 26 .

The first portion 25 comprises two oblong openings 25a, 25b, extending in two substantially perpendicular directions, and intended to receive a screw-type element for fixing to the wall to be coated. The oblong shape of the openings 25a, 25b makes it easier to adjust the position of the hooking part 23 on the surface 21 to be coated.

The attachment and adjustment system 24 is formed on the second portion 26. It comprises a threaded pin 27 moving in an opening 28 of the second portion 26 along a threaded rod 29 , in a direction making it possible to move away and to bring the pin closer to the first portion 25 of the part 23 for attachment and adjustment. More specifically, according to the example of the figures, the pin 27 is in the form of a washer comprising a central threaded hole and comprising two diametrically opposed notches 27a , each sliding on an edge 28a of the opening in order to guide the movement of the pin when the threaded rod 29 is pivoted. For this purpose, the threaded rod 29 comprises a head 29a accessible to an operator: by pivoting the head 29a manually, or using a tool, the rod 29 pivots causing the pin 27 to move along the rod. by guiding along the edges 28a of the opening 28. The head 29a of the threaded rod 29 is for example accessible on a so-called front edge 26a of the second portion 26, located on the side opposite the first portion 25 of the part 23 attachment and adjustment.

According to one embodiment, the diameter of the pin 27 is greater than the thickness of the second portion 26, so that it extends through the opening 28 and emerges on either side of the second portion 26, so as to provide two stops: one stop on each side of the second portion 26.

• une position neutre, dans laquelle la butée 30a, 30b est placée dans l’épaisseur de la deuxième portion 26 de la pièce 23,
• une position de blocage dans laquelle la butée 30a, 30b émerge d’un côté de la deuxième portion 26, faisant face à une des butées offertes par la goupille 27 (position représentée sur la figure 13).

The hooking and adjustment system 24 further comprises at least one stop 30a facing one of the stops offered by the pin 27. In order to allow two modules 10 to be hooked on a hooking and adjustment part 23, the attachment system 24 comprises, as in the embodiment shown in Figures 13 to 17, two adjustable stops 30a, 30b . For example, each adjustable stop, respectively 30a, 30b, is mounted in a nut-type connection on a threaded rod, respectively 31a , 31b , emerging through the front edge 26a of the second portion, and extending in a threaded hole in the second portion 26, substantially parallel to the threaded rod 29 of the pin 27. Each stop, respectively 30a 30b, can take, by pivoting on the rod, respectively 31a, 31b:

• a neutral position, in which the stop 30a, 30b is placed in the thickness of the second portion 26 of the part 23,
• a blocking position in which the abutment 30a, 30b emerges from one side of the second portion 26, facing one of the abutments offered by the pin 27 (position represented in FIG. 13).

Each rod, respectively 31a, 31b, is provided with a head, respectively 32a , 32b , emerging from the front edge 26a of the second portion 26 and accessible to an operator: by pivoting the head, respectively 32a, 32b, of a rod , respectively 31a, 31b, the rod 31a, 31b moves in the corresponding threaded hole and causes the movement of the stop, respectively 30a, 30b, corresponding adjustable.

To mount a module 10 on the surface 21 to be coated, at least two attachment parts 23, 123 are rigidly fixed beforehand on the surface 21 to be coated, vertically offset from each other by the corresponding dimension of the module. 10.

In practice, the number of attachment parts 23, 123 for a module is determined to ensure effective and reliable attachment of the module 10. Thus, in practice, a module is mounted between a first row of attachment parts 23, aligned along a first axis, and a second row of attachment parts 23, aligned along a second axis parallel to the first axis.

Figure 21 schematically shows an alternative embodiment of an attachment part 123. The attachment part 123 is in the form of a bracket comprising an adjustment system by plate 61 bolted with a screwed positioning bolt, through an extended slot of the bracket (hidden by the plate in the figure), into bore 62. The plate is assembled to both the lower module (as shown) and the upper module. The piece 123 blocks for example the upper module by means of the vertical tabs 64 which hold the upper module with compression of the layer 3 on the surface of the wall to be coated. The attachment part 123 is substantially adapted to the embodiment with non-vacuum insulation, while the attachment part 23 is adapted to the embodiment with vacuum insulation. However, other realizations are possible.

There will now be described an example of assembly of a module 10 comprising three cassettes 1 of rectangular parallelepiped shape, arranged so that the longitudinal edges 5b of the outer boxes 5 are oriented in a vertical direction.

Thus, in what follows, for the sake of clarity, the adjective vertical and its variants refer to the natural vertical direction of the force of gravity at the place under consideration. The adjective horizontal and its variants refer to any direction perpendicular to a vertical direction.

Also for purposes of clarity, the terms top, bottom, top, bottom, bottom, and top will also be used in their general acceptance, with reference to the example shown in the figures.

Thus, according to the example, the alignment axes of the attachment parts 23 are substantially horizontal. A first of the attachment parts 23 is said to be upper, arranged above the second row, called lower. The second portions 26 of the parts 23 of the lower row are also aligned in the same horizontal plane, so as to form a support for the module 10. Preferably, the second portions 26 of the attachment parts 23 of the upper row are also aligned along the same horizontal plane, to allow the attachment of another module 10 above the module 10 in question. The openings 25a and 25b are used to allow attachment of the attachment parts 23 to a suitable location on the wall, while allowing the second portions 26 of several attachment parts 23 of the same row to be aligned.

The adjustable stop(s) 30a, 30b of each part 23 are previously placed in the neutral position, and the pin 27 is previously placed furthest from the first portion 25 of the attachment part 23.

The module 10 is placed against the surface 21 to be coated, the contact surface 3a of the intermediate layer 3 being applied against the surface 21 to be coated. To this end, each element 13 for transverse attachment of the module 10 is brought into abutment against the pin 27 of each attachment part 23 aligned along the same axis. Optionally, the pin 27 is moved by manipulation of the head 29 in order to allow the abutment against one of the elements 13 for transverse fixing of the module. The hooking and adjustment system 24 thus makes it possible to adapt to different thicknesses and hardnesses of the intermediate layer 3.

An adjustable stop 30a of each attachment part 23 is then placed in the locking position by pivoting it on the corresponding rod 31a. The two transverse fixing elements 13 of the module 10 are then each wedged between a pin 27 and an adjustable stop 30a of a hooking part 23, and the module 10 rests, under the effect of its weight, on the second portion 26 of the parts 23 for attaching the lower row.

The distance between the pin 27 and the stop 30a of each attachment part 23 is adjusted in order to tighten the corresponding transverse fixing element 13 of the module and to block the module 10 by manipulating the heads 29, 31a. The attachment part 23 can thus adapt to different thicknesses of the module 10.

Then, the position of the module 10, or of each cassette 1 of the module, is adjusted by compressing the intermediate layer 3 against the surface 21 to be coated. For this purpose, the position of the pin 27 and of the adjustable stop 30a with respect to the first portion 25 of each attachment piece 23 is adjusted, in particular so as to exert pressure on the surface 21 to be coated by the surface 3a of contact of each cassette 1 sufficient to ensure intimate contact between the contact surface 3a against the surface 21 to be coated, the contact surface 3a deforming to follow the roughness of the surface 21 to be coated, absorbing any defects in flatness of the surface 21 to be coated. The position of the pin 27 and of the adjustable stop 30a is also adjusted in order to obtain a determined inclination of the outer surface 7 of each cassette 1 with respect in particular to a vertical direction. Preferably, the position of the module 10, or of each cassette 1, is substantially vertical.

As illustrated in Figure 15, attachment parts 23 in a row can be used to attach two modules one above the other when they include two adjustment stops 30a, 30b. Thus, a lower row for a so-called upper module 10 becomes an upper row for the other so-called lower module 10.

A protection profile 33 can then be attached between the upper module 10 and the lower module 10. For example, the profile 33 is inserted and held, possibly by gluing, in the groove 15 of the transverse fixing elements 13 of the modules 10, masking the heads 29a, 30a, 30b to limit the risk of misadjustment and to protect the junction between the upper module 10 and lower module 10. Alternatively, the space receiving the attachment part 123 is closed off by a seal inserted and compressed between the upper transverse fixing element 113 of a lower level and the lower transverse fixing element 113 of a higher level.

In order to prevent the attachment system from weakening the wall to be coated, and in order to allow attachment to a depth not limited by the thickness of the wall to be coated, the attachment sites 22 are preferably determined at the level horizontal slabs of the building. In general, a building has one slab on the ground, and one slab per level. Thus, typically when the building is a one-story house, the building comprises three slabs.

The attachment sites are also determined according to the dimensions and position of the modules 10 and the cassettes 1, in order to be able to implement the attachment parts 23 as described above.

For example, a number of cassettes 1 of predetermined, standard width can be determined, making it possible to best cover the surface to be coated. Then, if the standard cassettes 1 do not make it possible to cover the surface to be coated, a specific width is determined for one or more cassettes making it possible to complete the coverage of the surface 21 to be coated by the cassettes 1.

As a variant, a width and a number of cassettes 1 specific to each surface 21 to be coated can be determined, making it possible to cover the entire surface to be coated.

The height of the cassettes 1 corresponds for example to the standard height of a floor on a building, in order to allow the attachment of the modules 10 between two slabs of the building. The attachment sites 22, and therefore the attachment parts 23, are then aligned along the slabs of the building.

When the surface to be coated comprises openings, cassettes 1 are dimensioned so as to be able to be put in place around the openings.

The 10 modules are then determined, i.e. the number and dimensions of the 1 cassettes for each module are determined in order to optimize the assembly of a 40 wall of cladding.

There will now be described an embodiment of a covering wall 40 for the surface 21 to be covered with a pre-existing wall.

• la largeur totale, c'est-à-dire la dimension horizontale de la surface 21 à revêtir;
• la hauteur totale, c'est-à-dire la dimension verticale de la surface 21 à revêtir;
• la position et les dimensions d’ouvertures pour les portes et les fenêtres sur la surface 21 à revêtir.

From the cloud of points obtained as before, characteristic dimensions of the surface 21 to be coated are determined. These characteristic dimensions include:

• the total width, that is to say the horizontal dimension of the surface 21 to be coated;
• the total height, that is to say the vertical dimension of the surface 21 to be coated;
• the position and dimensions of openings for doors and windows on the surface 21 to be coated.

From these characteristic dimensions, a number of standard cassettes 1, a number of non-standard cassettes 1, and their grouping into modules 10 are deduced.

For example, in the case of a surface 21 to be coated without an opening, a single module comprising cassettes of suitable width can be formed to completely cover the surface 21 to be coated.

In FIG. 18, there is shown an example of a covering wall 40 for a pre-existing wall of a one-storey building, the building comprising a lower slab 41 , an intermediate slab 42 , shown in broken lines, and a slab upper 65.

In the example illustrated, on the ground floor, that is to say between the lower slab 41 and the intermediate slab 42, the pre-existing wall comprises an opening 43 for a window and an opening 44 for a door. Starting from a first edge of the pre-existing wall, a first module 10a has been calculated in order to cover the portion of the surface 21 to be coated extending between the edge in question up to the opening of the window. The height of the cassettes of the first module 10a corresponding to the distance between the lower slab 41 and the intermediate slab 42. Thus, for example, the first module 10a comprises three cassettes, two first cassettes 1a of identical width, and a third cassette 1b whose width is calculated to complete the distance to the opening 43 of the window.

The first two cassettes 1a are for example standard cassettes, of which there are stocks, the dimensions of a standard cassette being maximum dimensions. The third cassette 1b is made to order, and the three cassettes 1a, 1b are then assembled together to form the first module 10a.

The two portions of the surface 21 to be coated above and below the opening 43 of the window are each covered with a second module 10b and a third module 10c. More specifically, the second module 10b comprises, according to the example, two third identical cassettes 1c, the height of which is adapted so that the second module 10b can be mounted between the intermediate slab 42 and the opening 43 of the window. The width of the third cassettes 1c is adapted so that the width of the second module 10b corresponds to the width of the opening 43 of the window. Similarly, the third module 10c comprises two fourth cassettes 1d, of suitable height to be fixed between the lower slab 41 and the opening 43 of the window, and of suitable width so that the width of the third module 10c corresponds to the width of the opening 43 of the window.

The width between the opening 43 of the window and the opening 44 of the door corresponds, according to the example, to the width of a standard cassette 1c, so that a fourth module 10d comprising only a standard cassette 1a covers the portion of the surface 21 to be coated between the two openings 43, 44.

The portion of the surface 21 to be coated above the opening of the door 44 is covered by a fifth module 10e comprising two fourth cassettes 1e of adapted dimensions as previously.

Finally, a sixth module 10f comprising a standard cassette 1a and a sixth cassette 1f finishes covering the surface 21 to be coated up to a second edge.

On the first floor of the building, according to the example shown, the pre-existing wall includes an opening 45 for a window, of identical dimensions to those of the opening 43 for the window on the ground floor. Thanks to the point clouds, four modules are determined to cover the portion of the surface 21 to be coated with the first floor: two identical modules 10g, each comprising three standard cassettes 1a, a second module 10b as previously determined to cover the portion of the surface 21 to be coated above the opening of the window 45 and a third module as previously determined to cover the portion of the surface 21 to be coated below the opening of the window 45.

The attachment sites 22 are distributed so as to correspond to the numbers, dimensions and position of the modules 10a-10f determined from the point cloud. The fixing parts 23 are then fixed on the surface 21 to be coated of the pre-existing wall 40 according to the fixing sites 22, so as to ensure the effective and reliable maintenance of each module 10a-10f.

The modules 10a-10f can be mounted one by one on the attachment parts 23 fixed to the surface 21 to be coated, or be already at least partially assembled, or even all assembled, before being mounted on the parts 23 d hooking. In the latter case, the transverse fixing element 13 is preferably common to a maximum of modules 10, so as to limit the junctions.

The assembly of the modules 10a, 10f can be carried out using the longitudinal fixing elements 12 available on the cassettes of the modules.

The compression and the verticality of each module 10a-10f are then adjusted as described above, so as to form the covering wall 50.

A final covering can then be placed on the covering wall 50 .

The covering wall 50 made up of modules 10 thus makes it possible to cover the complete surface of a wall, or only part of it. For example, when certain modules are damaged, they can easily be removed and replaced with new modules.

In addition, the modules can be formed by assembling the cassettes before being transported to the place of assembly. Similarly, the modules can be assembled together before being transported to the assembly site. The number of operations to be carried out on the assembly site is thus reduced, reducing the time spent by the operators on the assembly site as well as the time spent outside the building in particular. On the other hand, the modules can be assembled, from pre-assembled cassettes, on the assembly site, which facilitates the transport of the renovation elements to the site.

In addition, the assembly of the covering wall 50 can take into account the constraints of the terrain. In particular, when trees or other constructions are close to the pre-existing wall, mounting module by module may be particularly appropriate.

The steps that have just been described can be carried out on each wall to be clad in the building.

It is thus possible to preserve the existing openings (doors, windows) of the wall to be coated, while providing external insulation to the wall. As a variant, one can disassemble the joinery of the openings present on the building before the renovation, and re-assemble these, or new joinery of the same size, in the openings preserved in the insulating wall which has just been installed, at the same locations (the joinery being simply moved outwards to be fixed at the level of the insulating wall.

According to yet another embodiment, as shown in Figure 22, a module 10 is provided which incorporates opening joinery (window or door).

In this example, the width of the composite cassette that incorporates the joinery is equal to the width of the joinery, so that the composite cassette includes joinery and, on either side of it, at the top and bottom , a cassette as described above, of suitable dimensions. This cassette is assembled to the carpentry in the manner which will be described below. An alternative embodiment includes a door as an opening, in which case the composite cassette comprises joinery and, above this, a cassette as described above, of suitable dimensions, but no cassette below. As a further variant, the composite cassette can be wider than the carpentry, in which case the composite cassette can also comprise a cassette as described above, of suitable dimensions, on the left and/or on the right.

FIG. 22 thus represents the window 56 integrated into the module 10. The upper cassette 1 is made as described above. It will be assembled with the other cassettes of the module by means of the transverse fixing element 113 (not shown) as described above. The cassette further comprises a device 57 for fixing to the window. Fixing device 57 may include a portion on the cassette side suitable for fixing to inner and outer plates 106 and 105, as described above, for a transverse fixing element 113 . The fixing device 57 further comprises a portion on the carpentry side suitable for tight fixing to the carpentry, which may depend on the type of carpentry. According to the embodiment presented, on the one hand the fixing device 57 projects beyond the edges of the outer and inner 105 plates 105 to allow its fixing to the carpentry, and on the other hand, the fixing device 57 has a profile complementary to that of the carpentry frame with the insertion of a gasket. The upper cassette, and in particular the fixing device 57, is also formed in a suitable manner to fix thereto a finishing apron 58 opening inside the wall, so as to dress it.

The cassette provided for the incorporation of a carpentry can be delivered to the site with an opening 63 allowing the fixing of the carpentry in the opening on the site.

Claims (4)

Module for facing wall, the facing wall being intended to be fixed on a surface to be clad of a pre-existing wall, the module (10) comprising at least one cassette (1), the cassette (1) comprising at least one frame (2) and at least one layer (3, 4) of a thermally insulating material fixed to the frame (2), the frame (2) of the cassette (1) forming a rigid support for the layer (3, 4) of insulating material, the module (10) further comprising a fixing device (11) fixed to the rigid support of the cassette (1), excluding the layer of insulating material (3, 4), and suitable for fixing the cassette (1) to at least one other cassette (1). Module according to claim 1, in which the cassette is a first cassette (1), and further comprising at least a second cassette (1), the fixing device (11) being fixed to the rigid support of the first and of the second cassettes (1), with the exception of the layer (3, 4) of insulating material of each cassette. Module according to Claim 2, in which the cassettes (1) are of identical dimensions and shape, in which the frame (2) of the cassettes is of rectangular shape so as to have two longitudinal edges, in which the cassettes (1) are placed next to each other along a longitudinal edge, and wherein the fixing device (11) comprises at least one longitudinal connecting bar fixed in watertight manner to a longitudinal edge of each cassette. Module according to Claim 3, in which the fixing device (11) comprises at least one watertight transverse connecting bar fixed to the frame (2) of the two cassettes (1) and extending along transverse edges cassettes arranged in continuity one from the other.