FR2976304A1 - FIXING DEVICE FOR SOLAR TILE - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a fixing device for solar tile 4 mm thick, comprising for a tile at least three fastening hooks (3) of the tiles in combination with corresponding wedges (4) for positioning the hooks and support tiles. In addition, the hooks (3) are reinforced by dimensions adapted in thickness and width and / or comprise reinforcing means.

Description

FIXING DEVICE FOR SOLAR TILE

The invention relates to a fixing device for photovoltaic solar tile.

Photovoltaic solar tile means a flat photovoltaic element providing the common functions of a photovoltaic module and roof covering for a building roof in the manner of a common tile or slate or other similar covering element. The roof covering is provided in known manner by partially covering the elements together.

A solar tile is made from mono or poly-crystalline silicon cells laminated generally between two substrates forming the front and rear faces of the tile, the front face being formed of a transparent glass substrate arranged facing the solar radiation incident, and the backside made of a polymeric substrate.

At present, when a roof incorporates photovoltaic solar panels, these are formed of modules which are reported over the roofing elements or sealed in suitable sized openings after removal of the existing roofing elements from the roof. roof. These panels form extra thicknesses and are not particularly aesthetic. Also, the market for photovoltaic devices has seen the appearance of replacement products in the form of photovoltaic solar tiles. These tiles have the advantage of providing flat cover surfaces integrating the solar energy production function. The tiles currently used are made from 6 mm thick glass substrates which are fixed using systems such as those described in EP1362967B1. Such fastening systems comprise hooks whose section is S-shaped, and support rails on which the hooks are fixed. The support rails are made integral with the breakdowns of the frame. The hooks are arranged perpendicular to the rails, each hook having an end fixed to the rail, while the second end extends in an upper plane and parallel to the first end. The second end of the hook Io has a return in which is inserted by wedging the lower edge of a glass substrate.

These tiles and their fastening system must meet the criteria of mechanical resistance, especially to withstand a load of is snow or tearing wind.

Also new fixing system for solar tiles is tested to meet these criteria, and in particular the IEC 61215 standard.

In order to reduce the weight of roofing on a construction, it has been envisaged to reduce the thickness of the substrates from 6 mm to 4 mm. Depression tests simulating wind uplift (under 2400 Pa) were carried out on 4 mm thick solar tiles assembled by the known hook-type fastening systems as described in the above patent EP1362967B1. and marketed by Swiss Solar System under the name MegaSlate®.

However, it has been found that these hooks usually used for substrates of 6 mm have not been sufficiently resistant, undergoing very strong deformations of their constituent plastic material. In addition, the glass substrates themselves have deformed, which, combined with the degradation of said hooks, led to the loosening of the tiles.

Moreover, this disadvantage has been shown for a pressure which remains well below the minimum required pressure of 2400 Pa to which a roof must resist.

Swiss Solar System has nevertheless developed a product that meets the standard, while using substrates with reduced thickness to 5mm. In this regard, on the one hand the overlap zone between tiles has been reduced from 120 mm to 50 mm, and secondly wedges have been arranged under the tiles at the hooks.

However, the decrease in the overlap zone between tiles is 5 mm thick and has been found to be detrimental to the roof's good watertightness, as found especially during tests by the Natural Materials Technical Center for Roofing (CTMNC). Paris.

Thus, it has been demonstrated that if the seal remains correct with regard to a cover of 120 mm for relatively small slopes (14% for headwind and 6% for sidewind), sealing is not obtained with an overlap of 50 mm.

The object of the invention is therefore to propose a fixing system solution for photovoltaic solar tiles, the glass substrates of which may have a thickness of less than 6 mm if necessary, thereby reducing the weight of the roof, while at the same time meeting the standards of solar roof safety. In addition, the reduction in thickness improves the light transmission of the glass. The solar tile fastening device of the invention comprises at least one elongated hook whose section has a general S shape, having a fastening core, a bearing surface parallel to the core, a connecting wing. the core orthogonal to the receiving surface s thereof and corresponding to the folding zone of the S, the support surface being intended to carry a so-called upper tile and used for the resumption of the pressure forces undergone by the tile such as a snow load, and at the end of the support surface, opposite the wing, a return bent towards the wing to provide a housing for Io maintenance of the tile in the direction of the rampant by providing a stop stop and ensuring the tile a holding to the depression such as the wind. The device is characterized in that the hook is reinforced by dimensions adapted in thickness and width and / or comprises reinforcement means. In the rest of the description, "lower" and "upper" are understood to mean qualifiers relating to elements of a roof considered in their mounted position one above the other according to the slope of a roof.

The qualifiers "external" and "internal" are relative to the faces of elements considered in their position mounted in the roof, respectively, disposed opposite the outside environment and in opposite manner, towards the interior of the dwelling.

"Height" refers to the dimension that is orthogonal to the plane of the roof.

The hook has an elongated body having two parallel main faces, one intended to be facing the external environment of the roof in the mounted position of the hook and said "front face" or external 2976304 s, and the another opposite, called "rear face" or internal intended to be opposite the frame.

The "length" of the hook is understood by the dimensional size according to the longitudinal extension of the body of the hook. Its "height" is understood by the dimension extending between the two main faces of the hook. Its "width" is understood by the size transverse to length and height.

According to one characteristic, the reinforcing means consist of ribs associated with the wing and / or an oblique rigid link secured to the wing and to the support surface.

According to another feature, the hook is made of a material such as steel, having a rigidity of at least 275 M Pa, so that its stiffness (resistance to elastic deformation of the hook), for a width of 40 mm and a material thickness of 4 mm, is at least 800 N / m. Preferably, the hook is coated with an epoxy resin for corrosion resistance and provides electrical insulation. In comparison, the hooks of the prior art stainless steel 170 MPa and width of 30 mm for a material thickness of 4 mm have a stiffness of 400 N / m, therefore much less resistant to pressure or tensile stresses . Advantageously, the hook has a width greater than 30 mm, preferably at least 40 mm, and a thickness of at least 4 mm.

Preferably, the hook securing core is secured to the frame with at least three staggered screws. According to yet another characteristic, the fixing device comprises at least one wedge provided with a notch in which the hook is accommodated and held, the flange of the hook being in abutment against the bottom of the notch and the surface of the hook. support of the hook being located above the wedge in the mounted position of the device.

The wedge makes it possible to position the fixing hook, to secure its fixation and to support on a small portion a lower solar tile. Advantageously, the wedge has means for holding the hook in the notch.

The wedge has a bearing surface of at least 15 mm intended to be supported by supporting the upper end of a lower tile to oppose the forces generated by snow-type climatic loading.

According to the invention, for fixing a solar tile 4 mm thick, the fixing device comprises three wedges and three hooks, in particular for a surface tile between 0.65 and 1.65 m2.

According to one embodiment of the invention as to the mounting of several wedges which cooperate after their attachment with respective hooks 25, the fixing device comprises at least one smooth integrally having at least three shims. The rail is a support and tracking system for holds and hooks.

According to another embodiment of the invention for mounting several shims, the fixing device comprises at least one removable mounting system providing a template for laying the shim or shims.

The template is made of sheet metal and includes lateral cheeks which allow said template to be positioned in rails for positioning the fastening device and for supporting the solar tiles.

The fixing device of the invention is used for the assembly on a framework of solar tiles whose glass substrates have a glass thickness of less than 6 mm, preferably equal to 4 or 5 mm, in particular the solar tiles forming all or part of a roof.

The solar tiles between a lower tile and an upper tile have a covering distance of 120 mm depending on the slope of the roof.

Finally, the fixing device of the invention comprises at least one slat, preferably of wood, on which are fixed at least three hooks and 20 corresponding wedges positioning the hooks.

The present invention is now described with the aid of purely illustrative and in no way limiting examples of the scope of the invention, and from the attached illustrations, in which: FIG. 1 represents a view from above and from perspective of a roof including photovoltaic solar tiles; Figure 2 is a partial sectional view along a vertical plane of two upper and lower solar tiles overlapping and attached to a frame; Figure 3 is a partial perspective view and from above of the frame and the fastening device of the invention; Figure 4 is a sectional view along a vertical plane of Figure 3 with fixing a tile; Figure 5 is a perspective view from above of a hook of the fastener of the invention; Figure 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of the hook of Figure 5; Figure 7 is a perspective view from below of a variant of the hook of Figure 5; Figure 8 is a perspective view and from above of a shim of the fastening device of the invention; Figure 9 is a perspective view from above of a mounting jig of the fastening device of the invention; FIG. 10 is a partial perspective view from above of the frame during assembly of the fixing device by means of the FIG. 9 template; Figure 11 is a perspective view of a mounting plate of the device of the invention; Figures 12 and 13 are curves illustrating comparative strength, load and tear tests for a 4 mm tile combined with the fastener of the invention and a 6 mm tile combined with the device. fixing the prior art; Figure 14 illustrates a perspective and top view, partially, of two overlapping tiles.

Figure 1 illustrates a partial view of a solar roof 1 according to the invention mounted on a frame 1A, illustrated very schematically, a house.

The roof has an outer face 10 opposite the external environment and intended to receive the light energy, and an inner face 11 opposite to the frame 1A. It has a slope like most roofs.

The roof has a cover 2 formed by the association of planar solar tiles.

Solar tiles, unlike photovoltaic modules, are devoid of frame.

The tiles comprise cells made of mono or poly-crystalline silicon laminated between two substrates constituting the front and rear faces of the tile, the front face being formed of a transparent glass substrate arranged facing the incident solar radiation (external surface of the roof), and the rear or internal face made of a polymeric substrate.

Solar tiles in their function are not further described here since they are not the subject of the invention and are otherwise known.

According to the invention, the tiles have a thickness of at most 4 mm, and preferably 4 mm. Compared to existing tiles more than 4 mm thick (5 or 6 mm), we gain in weight of roof. Better energy performance is also provided since by decreasing the thickness of the glass the absorption of solar energy through the glass is decreased thereby increasing the absorption of energy by the photovoltaic cells. Preferably, the tiles have the following surface dimensions: 664mm x 962mm, or 1296mm x 962mm or 1296mm x 1278mm, or 1296mm x 1120mm.

The tiles are arranged in a pattern called "landscape" or "portrait". In portrait, the largest dimension is arranged in the direction of the slope of the roof while in landscape, the most dimension is transverse to the direction of the slope.

The tiles are overlapped with each other in the manner of conventional tiles or slates, giving a unitary and continuous surface appearance.

The C covering of the tiles is 120 mm in the direction of the slope of the roof, in particular for tiles whose dimension in the direction of the slope is 962 mm, or 1120 mm, or 1278 mm. FIG. 14 illustrates this covering C of two upper and lower tiles 20A and 20B. Also visible by transparency the fixing device.

Thus, with reference to FIG. 2 showing a partial cross-sectional view of the attachment of an upper tile 20A overlapping a lower tile 20B, the upper portion 22 of the lower tile 20B is covered on a 120 mm overlap C by the lower part. 21 of the upper tile 20A and its fastening means 3. The frame 1A is understood by all means of support and help in fixing the roof.

In particular with respect to FIG. 3, the frame 1A comprises such that, as a rule, the panels 12 perpendicular to the direction of the slope of the roof, the rafters 13 fixed on and transversally to the panes 12, that is to say say in the direction of the slope, and 14 batten reported on the rafters 13 parallel to the panes.

In addition, according to the invention, wooden slats 15 are added in parallel and between the slats 14, and metal rails 16 are attached to the slats 15 and extending transversely thereto, in the direction of the slope. of the roof. The center distance of the rails 16 corresponds to the width of a solar tile. In FIGS. 3 and 4, it can be seen that each rail 16 comprises a central wall 18 and two lateral grooves 17 on either side of the central wall and delimited by respective lateral walls 19A and 19B, the grooves presenting their grooves. in relation to the external environment. The upper free edge of the side walls 19A and 19B constitutes a support surface of the tiles, two adjacent tiles being intended to rest respectively, one on the edge 19A and the other on the edge 19B.

For the end sides of the roof, the rail 16 does not need to include two lateral grooves 17, only one side wall edge 19A is sufficient to support the edge tiles.

Each of the upper free edges of the side walls 19A and 19B is overlapped by a seal 7 on which the tiles are placed.

The seals 7 are only arranged in the direction of the slope. There is no sealing at the overlap of the tiles transversely to the direction of the slope to maintain a natural air gap. It is indeed essential to provide an open section perpendicular to the direction of the slope for the introduction of a flow of air that provides natural ventilation for each of the tiles so as not to increase the temperature of the photovoltaic cells whose performance otherwise decreases. The fixing of hooks by the wedges 4 (described below) does not disturb the air flow under the tiles.

Advantageously, each joint 7 has a non-constant section 1s to absorb the difference in level between the tiles because of their overlap.

The rails, in addition to their function of supporting the tiles, guarantee through their grooves 17 the waterproofness of the roof. In the event of water infiltration on the edge of the tiles, the water will fall into the grooves and run down to the lower end of the rails at a skeleton of the frame to open into a gutter of the roof.

As can be seen in FIGS. 2 to 4, the solar tiles are assembled to the frame by the device of the invention which comprises fastening hooks 3 and shims 4.

According to the invention, each glass substrate having a thickness of 4 mm is preferably fixed by means of three hooks which are visible in detail in FIGS. 5 to 7.10. The three hooks 3 are fixed at regular intervals on each slat 15, and cooperate. with respectively three shims 4.

In order to arrange the hooks 3 and the wedges 4 at the appropriate places, the device comprises, according to the variant embodiment, a positioning jig 5 (FIG. 9) or a support beam 6 (FIG. 11).

The hooks are of identical shape and size. With reference to FIGS. 5 and 6, each hook has a generally S-shaped shape and comprises a fastening core 30, a reception or support surface 31 of the glass, and a return 32 for retaining the glass.

1s The core 30 and the bearing surface 31 are arranged in two distinct parallel planes and interconnected by a flange 33 which is orthogonal to them.

The core 30 is intended to be fixed to the attached slats 15 of the frame (Figure 2), such as by screwing. For this purpose, the core 30 has bores 34 visible in Figure 5, preferably at least three which are arranged staggered to prevent fracture of the wood fibers of the batten during screwing.

With reference to FIG. 2, the bearing surface 31 receives the upper tile 20A, more precisely its lower part 21.

The retaining return 32 is arranged at the end of the bearing surface, opposite the wing 30. With reference to FIG. 6, the retaining return 32 has a bottom 32a perpendicular to the surface of the support surface 32. support 31 and extending vertically in a direction opposite to the web 30 of the hook, and a tab 32b connected to the bottom 32a and parallel to the receiving surface 31 extending towards the web 30 .

The return 32 provides a U-shaped housing 35 for retaining the lower free end 21 of the upper tile 20A, the wafer of the winding glass resting against the bottom 32b of the return (Figure 2). The height of the housing corresponds to the thickness of the glass of the tile so that the tile is kept tight without being introduced in force.

The dimensions of the hook are as follows, with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6: Length L from the free end of the core to the outer face of the bottom 32a of the return: 230 mm I width identical over the entire length: 40 mm thickness e of the constituent material: 4 mm of steel and a coating of 0.7 mm epoxy paint length LS of the bearing surface 31: 151 mm length La of the fastening core 30: 79 mm height h of the orthogonal wing 33 at its face 33a against which is intended to abut the wedge 4: 22 mm height hR return 32: 18 mm Finally according to the invention, the hooks are made of a material having a rigidity of at least 275 M Pa, for example steel. Stainless steel is not suitable.

For a hook made of a steel of rigidity of 275 Mpa, and having a steel thickness of 4 mm and a width of 40 mm, its stiffness is 800 N / m.

In an alternative embodiment illustrated in FIG. 7, the rigidity is provided by reinforcing means which consist of a rigid oblique connection which is arranged under the bearing surface 31 and integral on the one hand with the wing 33 and on the other hand of the support surface 31.

In yet another variant, the reinforcing means could be in the form of ribs associated with the wing.

If the fastening hooks 3 maintain the upper solar tiles 20A, the wedges 4 which are combined with the hooks 3 are necessary for the jamming of the lower tiles 20B.

With reference to FIG. 2, each shim 4 is placed under the bearing surface 31 of the fastening hook 3, coplanar with the fastening core 30 and abuts against the orthogonal wing 33. upper end 22 of the lower solar tile 20B.

The shim 4 is fixed to the frame, on the same batten 15 as the fastening web 30 of the hook

The appropriate positioning of the hooks 3 and wedges 4 is obtained according to the embodiments, using the positioning template 5 which is removable or the support bar 6 pre-mounted which will be described later. With reference to FIG. 8, each shim 4 is of generally parallelepipedal shape. It has a width 1c greater than that of the hook.

Its thickness or height hc is less than the height h of the orthogonal wing 33 of the hook, so as to fit under the bearing surface 31 of the hook (FIG. 2), between its external surface 45 and the opposite face 33b of the bearing surface 31, a space 8. This space is intended to accommodate in a tight engagement the upper end 22 of the lower solar tile 20B.

The length Lc of the shim 4 is sufficient to provide (FIG. 2) a bearing zone Z at the upper end 22 of the glass of at least 15 mm, for example 17 mm, reducing the risk of deformation of the tile .

The wedge 4 is a unitary element according to the first variant of the invention and as illustrated in FIG. 8, when it is positioned by means of the template 5. Each wedge independently is fixed on the slat 15. In a second variant, the wedge 4 is an integral part of the rail 6 (FIG. 11 0) while nevertheless having the same characteristics.

In this second embodiment, three wedges 4 are secured to the smooth 6. The positioning and fixing of the wedges on the slat 15 are therefore achieved by the joining of the stringer 6 to the slat.

The shim is made of plastic material, such as thermoplastic or composite material, for example based on polyamide PA6-GF40. As already expressed, each wedge 4 cooperates with a hook 3. Advantageously, this cooperation with respect to FIG. 3 is obtained by the engagement of the fastening core 30 at the level of the wing 33 of the hook in a notch 40 on one side of the hold. This notch provides both a guide for fixing the hook and its lateral support, perpendicular to the slope of the roof.

With reference to FIG. 8, the notch 40 comprises a bottom 41 against which is intended to abut the wing 33 of the hook, and lateral walls 42 immobilizing the hook transversely along its length. The width of the notch between the two side walls is very substantially greater than the width of the hook, in particular 43 mm for a hook width of 40 mm.

The notch 40 is sized to ensure that the hook is aligned in the direction of the slope after the shims have been secured so that the hook acts as a mechanical fastener for the tile over time.

In addition, one of the walls 42 of the notch comprises at its free end opposite the bottom 41, a shoulder or a projecting pin 43. Once the hook engaged in the notch, this pin 43 avoids before screwing the attachment core 30 naturally tilts the hook due to its cantilever generated by the positioning of its center of gravity at the bearing surface 31.

Due to this projecting pin 43, the engagement of the hook 3 in the notch can only be done by insertion via the top of the notch and lateral pivoting. In addition, the wedge 4 comprises, opposite the notch 40, a chamfer 44 whose inclination extends between the two main bearing faces 45 and 46 of the wedge and in the opposite direction of the notch. .

s Finally, the wedge 4 comprises for its fixing a countersink 47. The fastening being made by screwing, the counterbore allows a flat head screw does not protrude beyond the outer surface 45 of the hold so as not to create singular point of support for the tile and avoid any deterioration of the tile glass by indentation. i0 The positioning and fixing of the wedges 4 on the framework precede the assembly of the hooks 3.

According to the first mode of positioning the wedges 4, the jig 5 is used.

With reference to FIG. 9, the metal template 5 is an elongated core element 50 with opposite main faces 51 and 52, and comprising three brackets 53 and two lateral cheeks 54. It has a clamping means 57 for its removable attachment. .

The brackets 53 are fixed at regular intervals on one of the faces 51 of the core and protrude vis-à-vis one of the free edges of the soul. They serve to position the wedges 4. The cheeks 54 are arranged on the face 52 of the core. They serve to position the template 5.

FIG. 10 illustrates a partial view of the frame at the edge of the roof, 30 during assembly of the fixing device using the template 5. Note that the roof edge rail 16 has only one groove 17.

With regard to this FIG. 10, the cheeks 54 make it possible to position the jig 5 on the roof by their abutment against the wall 18 of the rails. The momentary fixing of the template on the rails, in order to mount the wedges and the hooks, is obtained by clamping means 57, such as eccentric rollers.

Io To properly arrange the template parallel to a slat 15 and the correct altitude of the slope of the roof, the free edge of the wall 18 of the rails comprises a notch (not visible) in which the template is housed along its width.

In order for the same template to be adapted to different widths of solar tile, one cheek 54 is fixed while the other is movable by being adjustable in translation over the length of the template. Fixing this movable cheek is performed by screwing on the core.

With reference to FIG. 9, each bracket 53 has two orthogonal wings 53a and 53b, the wing 53a being screwed to the main face 51 while the wing 53b projects from the edge of the web of the template and extends towards the other main face 52 of the soul. The distal end of the wing 53b, opposite to that connected to the other wing 53a, is connected to a step 55 orthogonal to the wing 53b and extended by a counter-step 56 which is perpendicular thereto.

The height from the free end of the counter-step to the web 50 of the template is set to correspond to the altitude to be imposed on the bearing surface 31 of the hooks 3 receiving the tiles. The free end 15 of the counter-step, when the template is placed on the rails 17, is based on the wooden batten 15.

The positioning of the brackets 53 imposes the arrangement of the shims 4. Once the template is in place, each shim 4 is placed against the slat 15 so that its notch 40 cooperates with the counter 56 which abuts against the bottom 41 of said notch.

The shims 4 are then fixed in their thickness by means of a screw with a flat head inserted in the countersink 47.

Once the shims are in place, the template 5 is removed. The shims 4 are thus positioned to receive the hooks 3. The hooks can therefore be properly arranged according to a precise alignment and secure mounting. The thrust introduction of a tile 20 in the returns 32 of the hooks 3 is secured by the abutment of the hooks 3 in the wedges 4.

In the other embodiment of mounting wedges 4, these are connected to a support rail 6 as illustrated in FIG. 11.

The rail 6, preferably of aluminum material, has a length corresponding to the spacing of two rails 16. It comprises three shims 4 made integral for example by interlocking, or integral part of the rail by the manufacturing process.

The beam has a width less than the length Lc of the wedges. The arrangement of the wedges engenders notches 40 with respect to a longitudinal edge of the beam while chamfers 44 terminate at the other longitudinal edge of the beam. The bar is screwed into the batten 15.

Once the arm in place, the mounting of the hooks 3 can be performed s as in the first embodiment described above, by their interlocking in the notches 40 of the wedges 4.

The fastening device of the invention provides a particularly secure fastening for solar tiles of only 4 mm in thickness, whereas prior art devices can only cooperate with 6 mm tiles.

The device of the invention has been tested to meet the weight resistance of the snow (overpressure test) and the wind (depression test).

The tests were conducted in accordance with IEC 61215: 2005 and IEC 61730: 2007.

In a summary way:

A tile 4 mm thick and 962 mm x 1296 mm surface is fixed thanks to the wedges 4 and three hooks 3 of the device of the invention. Each hook is fixed by five screws.

The hooks of the invention have the following dimensional characteristics, as already mentioned above in the example: the thickness of the steel of the hooks is 4 mm with an epoxy coating of 0.7 mm the width of the hooks is 40 mm - the length of the hooks is 230 mm - the size of the tab 32b of the return 32 is 18 mm.

A frame carried by a spreader is applied to the top of the tile via suction cups which are controlled by pneumatic cylinders, the latter exerting either thrust forces (overpressure test) or tensile forces (depression test).

The tile undergoes three continuous cycles with each a thrust of 5400 Pa io and a traction of 2400 Pa.

The distribution of the suction cups, the measuring points and the details of the cycles are given in the standard.

Comparative tests were carried out for a 6 mm solar tile with the same dimensions 962 mm x 1296 mm, fastened by hooks of the prior art Swiss Solar System stainless steel and 30 mm wide. The tile of the prior art is fixed with no shim.

Figures 12 and 13 respectively illustrate comparative overpressure and vacuum test curves for a 4 mm tile affixed with the device of the invention and a 6 mm tile attached with the hooks of the prior art.

Each figure has four curves: the curve C1 corresponds to measurement points in the center of the tile for the 4 mm tile and the fixing device of the invention; curve C2 corresponds to measurement points on the central hook of the fastening device of the invention; curve C3 corresponds to measurement points in the center of the tile for the 6 mm tile and the fixing device of the prior art; Curve C4 corresponds to measuring points on the central hook of the prior art fixing device.

The curves express the deformation in mm of the tile or hook as a function of the applied pressure.

Io It is noted that for overpressure tests (FIG. 12), the 4 mm solar tile associated with the device of the invention (curve C1) undergoes much less deformation than the tile of the prior art (curve C3), just like the hooks (curve C2 compared to curve C4).

For the vacuum tests (Figure 13), we find that the 4 mm solar tile (Cl curve) has a little more deformed than a 6 mm tile (curve C3), but that at least the devices are equivalent (curves C2 and C4). Despite the deformed, the 4 mm tile meets safety standards.

Claims (12)

REVENDICATIONS1. Fastening device for solar tiles comprising at least one hook (3) of elongate shape whose section has a general S shape, the hook having a fixing core (30), a reception or support surface (31) parallel to the core, a wing (33) connecting the core to the receiving surface orthogonally thereto and corresponding to the folding zone of the S, and at the end of the support surface, to the opposite the wing, a return (32) bent in the direction of the wing to provide a lo housing (35), characterized in that the hook (3) comprises means to ensure its rigidity, the hook having a stiffness of at least 800 N / m. 2. Fastening device according to claim 1, characterized in that the means to ensure its rigidity are reinforcing means 15 consisting of ribs associated with the wing and / or rigid oblique connection (35) integral with a part of the wing and secondly of the support surface. 3. Fastening device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the hook is of a material having a rigidity of at least 275 M Pa, such as steel, so that its stiffness, for a width of 40 mm and a material thickness of 4 mm, is at least 800 N / m, preferably the hook being coated with an epoxy resin. 4. Fastening device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hook has a width greater than 30 mm, preferably at least 40 mm, and a thickness of at least 4 mm. 5. Fastening device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one wedge (4) provided with a notch (40) in which is housed and held the hook (3), the wing (33) of the hook being in abutment against the bottom (32a) of the notch and the bearing surface (31) of the hook being located above the wedge in the mounted position of the device. 6. Fastening device according to claim 5, characterized in that the wedge (4) has means (43) for holding the hook in the notch (40). 7. Fastening device according to claim 5, characterized in that the wedge (4) has a bearing surface (45) of at least 15 mm for receiving the support by the upper end of a lower tile. 8. Fastening device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one smooth (6) integrally having at least three shims (4). 9. Fastening device according to claim 5, characterized in that it comprises at least one removable mounting system (5) providing a template for laying or shims (4). 10. Fastening device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one slat (15) on which are fixed at least three hooks (3) and spacers (4) corresponding positioning of the hooks. 11. Fastening device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is used for the assembly of solar tiles whose glass substrates have a glass thickness of less than 6 mm, preferably equal to 4 or 5 mm, in particular solar tiles forming all or part of a roof. 12. Fastening device according to claim 11, characterized in that the solar tiles have a covering distance of 120 mm.