WO2020155058A1 - 一种从党参边角料中制备党参提取物的方法 - Google Patents

一种从党参边角料中制备党参提取物的方法 Download PDF

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WO2020155058A1
WO2020155058A1 PCT/CN2019/074273 CN2019074273W WO2020155058A1 WO 2020155058 A1 WO2020155058 A1 WO 2020155058A1 CN 2019074273 W CN2019074273 W CN 2019074273W WO 2020155058 A1 WO2020155058 A1 WO 2020155058A1
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codonopsis pilosula
leftovers
extract
codonopsis
preparing
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PCT/CN2019/074273
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French (fr)
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傅荣昭
蔡岩岩
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邦泰生物工程(深圳)有限公司
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Priority to CN201980042432.XA priority Critical patent/CN112384233B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2019/074273 priority patent/WO2020155058A1/zh
Publication of WO2020155058A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020155058A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/34—Campanulaceae (Bellflower family)
    • A61K36/344—Codonopsis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P33/00—Preparation of steroids
    • C12P33/20—Preparation of steroids containing heterocyclic rings

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of plant extracts, in particular to a method for preparing Codonopsis pilosula extract from the leftovers of Codonopsis pilosula decoction pieces by adopting biological enzyme technology.
  • Codonopsis is a Chinese medicinal material included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. It is the dried of Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf., Codonopsis pilosula Nannf.var.modesta (Nannf.) LTShen or Codonopsis tangshen Oliv. The roots are harvested in autumn, washed and dried. It has the effects of invigorating the qi, invigorating the spleen and lungs, enhancing immunity, expanding blood vessels, lowering blood pressure, improving microcirculation, enhancing hematopoietic function, etc.
  • Codonopsis pilosula extract refers to the product obtained by directional acquisition and concentration of the main active ingredients in Codonopsis pilosula medicinal materials (all or a certain part) through a physical extraction and separation process using an appropriate solvent, without changing the structure of the active ingredients. , Including saponins, polysaccharides, trace alkaloids, phenolic acids, terpenes, plant sterols and other substances. Codonopsis pilosula extract is one of many plant extracts. The plant extract is the carrier of modern botanical technology and the main raw material of botanical preparations. In addition to medical purposes, it is also widely used in food supplements, cosmetic raw materials, and health care. Raw materials, etc.
  • Chinese herbal medicine decoction pieces are one of the three pillars of the Chinese herbal medicine industry.
  • the so-called decoction pieces of traditional Chinese medicine refer to the traditional Chinese medicine formed by processing Chinese medicines for formula or directly used in TCM clinics according to needs.
  • the decoction pieces of traditional Chinese medicine are the essence of traditional Chinese medicine, and the processing technology is based on the traditional pharmaceutical technology of traditional Chinese medicine. Concentrated embodiment and core.
  • some Chinese herbal medicine leftovers/ leftovers, including roots, corners, scraps, and scraps, are produced.
  • the output rate of Chinese herbal medicine leftovers is as high as 20%, and these Chinese medicine leftovers Except for a small part that was purchased and recycled at low prices, most of them were discarded at will, which not only caused a waste of resources, but also caused pollution to the environment.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to solve the technical problem of Codonopsis pilosula leftovers being discarded at will, causing waste of resources while polluting the environment, and transforming Codonopsis pilosula leftovers into a higher value-added Codonopsis extract, thereby providing a Codonopsis pilosula leftover material is a method for preparing Codonopsis pilosula extract.
  • the present invention provides a method for preparing Codonopsis pilosula extract from Codonopsis pilosula leftovers, including solvent extraction, filtration, concentration, and drying.
  • the method also includes the following enzyme treatment steps: extracting Codonopsis pilosula offcuts with a solvent Previously, water, cellulase and ⁇ -glucosidase were added to the leftovers of Codonopsis pilosula, and the enzymatic hydrolysis reaction was carried out after the mixture was evenly mixed; the amount of ⁇ -glucosidase added was 1-1.5 times that of cellulase.
  • the dangshen leftovers referred to in the present invention refer to the leftovers/offcuts of dangshen produced in the process of processing the dangshen medicinal materials into decoction pieces, including the roots, corners, scraps, end seeds of the dangshen.
  • the present invention uses cellulase and ⁇ -glucosidase to enzymatically treat the leftovers of Codonopsis so that the medicinal materials of Codonopsis are degraded to form a more dispersed structure. Completely dissolve, so that the effective ingredients in the medicinal materials can be dissolved to the maximum extent to achieve the highest extraction yield.
  • the addition of an extra large dose of ⁇ -glucosidase can increase the content of total saponins and Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide in the active ingredients, thereby enhancing the medicinal activity of the Codonopsis pilosula extract.
  • the solubility of the active ingredients in the extraction solvent can be improved, the consumption of the solvent can be reduced, and the production cost can be reduced.
  • Cellulase ( ⁇ -1,4-glucan-4-glucanohydrolase) is a collective term for a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of cellulose to generate oligosaccharides or monosaccharides and low-polymerization fibers.
  • Somatic enzyme but a multi-component enzyme system with a synergistic effect, is a complex enzyme, mainly composed of exo- ⁇ -glucanase, endo- ⁇ -glucanase and ⁇ -glucosidase, etc.
  • Xylanase with high activity acts on cellulose and products derived from cellulose.
  • ⁇ -Glucosidase ( ⁇ -D-Glucosidase, EC3.2.1.21), also known as ⁇ -D-glucosidase glucohydrolase, alias gentiobiase, cellobiase (cellobias, CB or ⁇ -G ) And amygdalase. It belongs to the class of cellulase and is an important component of the cellulolytic enzyme system. It can hydrolyze the non-reducing ⁇ -D-glucose bond bound to the terminal and release ⁇ -D-glucose and the corresponding ligand at the same time.
  • Codonopsis pilosula extract has the advantage of higher content of rare saponin Rh2 and codonopsis polysaccharide.
  • the solvent used for extracting the leftovers of Codonopsis can be the extraction solvent used in various known methods for preparing Codonopsis extract, including but not limited to methanol, ethanol, water or a combination thereof.
  • the extraction method can be the current Various suitable extraction methods are known.
  • the reaction temperature of the enzymatic hydrolysis reaction in the method of the present invention is 30-70°C
  • the reaction pH is 4.0-7.0
  • the reaction time is 0.5-6h.
  • the reaction temperature of the enzymatic hydrolysis reaction in the method of the present invention is 40-50° C.
  • the reaction pH is 4.5-6.5
  • the reaction time is 1-2 h.
  • the amount of water added is 2-3 times the weight of Codonopsis pilosula leftovers, and the amount of cellulase added is 1% to 3% of the weight of Codonopsis pilosula leftovers.
  • the method for preparing Codonopsis pilosula extract provided by the present invention has the following advantages:
  • Codonopsis pilosula Using biological enzyme catalysis technology to extract the active ingredients in Codonopsis pilosula to the utmost extent, and at the same time improve its solubility in the extraction solvent, reduce development costs, and greatly increase the industrial development value of Codonopsis pilosula;
  • the content of total saponins and codonopsis polysaccharides in the Codonopsis pilosula extract prepared by the method of the present invention is higher, and the medicinal activity of the extract is better.
  • Codonopsis pilosula scraps as raw materials, greatly reducing the production cost of Codonopsis pilosula extract and having the advantage of low price;
  • the method for preparing Codonopsis pilosula extract from Codonopsis pilosula leftovers preferably includes the following steps:
  • Enzyme treatment add water, cellulase and ⁇ -glucosidase to the crushed Codonopsis pilosula leftovers obtained in step 1), mix well, adjust the pH to 4.5-6.5, and perform enzymatic hydrolysis at a temperature of 40-50°C Reaction;
  • the amount of water added is 2-3 times the weight of Codonopsis pilosula leftovers, the amount of cellulase added is 1%-3% of the weight of Codonopsis pilosula offcuts, and the amount of ⁇ -glucosidase added is the same as that of cellulase;
  • step 2) After the enzymatic hydrolysis in step 2) is carried out for 1-2 hours, add 8-10 times the weight of Codonopsis pilosula leftovers with water, decoct and extract 2 times, 2-3 hours each time, combine 2 extractions liquid;
  • step 5 The filtrate obtained in step 4) is concentrated and dried to obtain Codonopsis pilosula extract.
  • the leftovers of Codonopsis in the following examples are leftovers/leftovers produced by processing Codonopsis pilosula pieces by various Chinese herbal medicine manufacturers in Jiangxi Republic.
  • the cellulase is C805042 cellulase produced by Shanghai Macleans Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd.
  • ⁇ -glucosidase is The inventor's self-made amino acid sequences using the biological fermentation method are as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: ⁇ -glucosidase respectively.
  • the Codonopsis pilosula leftovers are used as raw materials to prepare the Codonopsis pilosula extracts of Examples 1 to 3, wherein, in step 1), the amount of codonopsis leftovers is 10 kg; in step 2), the amount of water added is 20 kg, the added amount of cellulase and ⁇ -glucosidase are both 0.2 kg; in step 3), the added amount of water is 90 kg.
  • the amino acid sequence of the ⁇ -glucosidase of Example 1 is shown in SEQ ID NO: 1
  • the amino acid sequence of the ⁇ -glucosidase of Example 2 is shown in SEQ ID NO: 2
  • the ⁇ -glucosidase of Example 3 The amino acid sequence of the enzyme is shown in SEQ ID NO: 3.
  • the prepared Codonopsis pilosula extract was measured and calculated, and its weight and the content of total saponins and Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide in the Codonopsis pilosula extract are shown in Table 1.
  • Example 1 Compared with Example 1 to Example 3, the difference of this example is that in step 2), only water and cellulase are added, and ⁇ -glucosidase is not added.
  • the prepared Codonopsis pilosula extract was measured and calculated, and its weight and the content of total saponins and Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide in the Codonopsis pilosula extract are shown in Table 1.

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Abstract

一种从党参边角料中制备党参提取物的方法，包括先向党参边角料中加入水、纤维素酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶，混合均匀后进行酶解反应，然后再用溶剂提取、过滤、浓缩和干燥得到党参提取物。β-葡萄糖苷酶的加入量是纤维素酶加入量的1-1.5倍；该方法具有节约资源、成本低、提取物活性成分含量高等优势。

Description

一种从党参边角料中制备党参提取物的方法 技术领域
本发明涉及植物提取物的技术领域，特别涉及一种采用生物酶技术从党参饮片边角料中制备党参提取物的方法。
背景技术
党参是《中国药典》收录的中药材，为桔梗科植物党参Codonopsis pilosula(Franch.)Nannf.、素花党参Codonopsis pilosula Nannf.var.modesta(Nannf.)L.T.Shen或川党参Codonopsis tangshen Oliv.的干燥根，秋季采挖，洗净，晒干即得。具有补中益气、健脾益肺、增强免疫力、扩张血管、降压、改善微循环、增强造血功能等功效，用于脾肺虚弱，气血两亏、心悸气短，食少便溏，虚喘咳嗽，久泻脱肛等症，为我国常用的传统补益药。
党参提取物，是指采用适当的溶剂，经过物理提取分离过程，对党参药材(全部或者某一部分)中的主要有效成分进行定向获取和浓集，同时不改变其有效成分的结构而得到的产品，包含皂苷、多糖、微量生物碱、酚酸类、萜类、植物甾醇等多种物质。党参提取物是众多植物提取物中的一种，植物提取物是现代植物药先进技术的载体，是植物药制剂的主要原料，除了医药用途外，还广泛应用于食品补充剂、化妆品原料、保健品原料等。
随着我国传统中药被世界的逐步认可和接受，我国中药材产业的市场规模在逐年增长，中药饮片是中药材产业的三大支柱之一。所谓中药饮片，是指根据需要，将中药经过炮制工艺处理而形成的供配方用的或者可直接用于中医临床的中药，中药饮片是中医药的精华所在，其炮制工艺是中药传统制药技术的集中体现及核心所在。在中药饮片的炮制过程中会产生一些包括根须、边角、碎料、末子在内的中药材边角料/下脚料，据统计，中药材边角料的产出率高达20％，而这些中药材边角料除小部分被低价收购回收利用外，大部分被随意丢弃，不但造成了资源的浪费，而且还对环境造成了污染。
如果能将制作党参饮片过程中产生的党参边角料加以回收利用，用于提取附加值更高的党参提取物，变废为宝，那么无论是对经济发展还是对环境保护，都将是一种十分巨大的贡献。
发明内容
鉴于上述背景技术中的不足，本发明的目的在于解决党参边角料被随意丢弃造成资源浪费的同时又污染环境的技术问题，将党参边角料转变为附加值更高的党参提取物，从而提供一种以党参边角料为原料制备党参提取物的方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了如下一种从党参边角料中制备党参提取物的方法，包括溶剂提取、过滤、浓缩和干燥，该方法还包括如下酶处理步骤：在用溶剂对党参边角料进行提取之前，向党参边角料中加入水、纤维素酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶，混合均匀后进行酶解反应；其中，β-葡萄糖苷酶的加入量是纤维素酶加入量的1-1.5倍。
本发明所称的党参边角料是指在将党参药材炮制成饮片的过程中所产生的党参边角料/下脚料，包括党参的根须、边角、碎料、末子等。
由于党参边角料中的有效成分含量较少，为了最大限度地将其提取出来，本发明利用纤维素酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶对党参边角料进行酶解处理，使党参药材降解形成更疏散的结构甚至完全溶解，从而使药材中的有效成分最大限度地溶出，以达到最高的提取收率。同时，额外的大剂量的β-葡萄糖苷酶的加入可提高有效成分中总皂苷和党参多糖的含量，从而提高党参提取物的药用活性。另外还可提高有效成分在提取溶剂中的溶解度，减少溶剂的用量，降低生产成本。
纤维素酶(β-1，4-葡聚糖-4-葡聚糖水解酶)是催化降解纤维素水解而生成寡糖或单糖和低聚合度纤维的一组酶的总称，它不是单体酶，而是起协同作用的多组分酶系，是一种复合酶，主要由外切β-葡聚糖酶、内切β-葡聚糖酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶等组成，还有很高活力的木聚糖酶，作用于纤维素以及从纤维素衍生出来的产物。
β-葡萄糖苷酶(β-D-Glucosidase，EC3.2.1.21)，又称β-D-葡萄糖苷 葡萄糖水解酶，别名龙胆二糖酶、纤维二糖酶(cellobias，CB或β-G)和苦杏仁苷酶。它属于纤维素酶类，是纤维素分解酶系中的重要组成成分，能够水解结合于末端非还原性的β-D-葡萄糖键，同时释放出β-D-葡萄糖和相应的配基。
本发明方法的酶解反应中优选采用氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO：1、SEQ ID NO：2或SEQ ID NO：3所示的β-葡萄糖苷酶，其具有酶反应专一性更强、得到的党参提取物中稀有皂苷Rh2和党参多糖的含量更高的优点。
本发明的方法中提取党参边角料所使用的溶剂可以是目前已知的各种制备党参提取物方法中所用到的提取溶剂，包括但不限于甲醇、乙醇、水或者其组合，提取方法可以是目前已知的各种适用的提取方法。
优选地，本发明方法中的酶解反应的反应温度为30-70℃，反应pH值为4.0-7.0，反应时间为0.5-6h。
更优选地，本发明方法中的酶解反应的反应温度为40-50℃，反应pH值为4.5-6.5，反应时间为1-2h。
优选地，本发明方法的酶解反应中，水的加入量为党参边角料重量的2-3倍，纤维素酶的加入量为党参边角料重量的1％-3％。
为了使党参边角料中的有效成分在较短时间内充分溶出，在进行酶解反应之前，优选将所述党参边角料进行粉碎处理。
有益效果：
与现有技术相比，本发明提供的制备党参提取物的方法具有以下优点：
1、利用生物酶催化技术，将党参边角料中的活性成分最大限度地提取出来，同时提高了其在提取溶剂中的溶解度，降低了开发成本，大大提高了党参边角料的工业开发价值；
2、采用本发明方法制备得到的党参提取物中总皂苷和党参多糖的含量较高，提取物的药用活性更好。
3、以废弃的党参边角料为原料，大大降低了党参提取物的生产成本，具有价格低廉的优势；
4、将废弃的党参边角料转化成高附加值的党参提取物，变废为宝，避 免资源浪费的同时也杜绝了对环境的污染。
具体实施方式
从工业生产的角度，出于减少生产时间、降低生产成本的目的，本发明提供的从党参边角料中制备党参提取物的方法优选包括以下步骤：
1)预处理：将党参边角料粉碎成最粗粉；
2)酶处理：向步骤1)所得粉碎后的党参边角料中加入水、纤维素酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶，混合均匀，调节pH值为4.5-6.5，40-50℃的温度下进行酶解反应；水的加入量为党参边角料重量的2-3倍，纤维素酶的加入量为党参边角料重量的1％-3％，β-葡萄糖苷酶的加入量与纤维素酶的加入量相同；
3)溶剂提取：待步骤2)的酶解反应进行1-2小时后，再加入党参边角料重量8-10倍量的水，煎煮提取2次，每次2-3小时，合并2次提取液；
4)过滤：将步骤3)所得提取液进行过滤，收集滤液；
5)将步骤4)所得滤液进行浓缩、干燥后即得党参提取物。
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步的详细说明，以下实施例是对本发明的解释，本发明并不局限于以下实施例。
以下实施例中的党参边角料为江西省各中药饮片生产厂家加工党参饮片所产生的下脚料/边角料，纤维素酶为上海麦克林生化科技有限公司生产的C805042纤维素酶，β-葡萄糖苷酶为发明人利用生物发酵法自制的氨基酸序列分别如SEQ ID NO：1、SEQ ID NO：2或SEQ ID NO：3所示的β-葡萄糖苷酶。
实施例1至实施例3
参照本发明的上述优选方法以党参边角料为原料分别制备实施例1至实施例3的党参提取物，其中，步骤1)中，党参边角料的用量为10kg；步骤2)中，水的加入量为20kg，纤维素酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶的加入量均为0.2kg；步骤3)中，水的加入量为90kg。实施例1的β-葡萄糖苷酶的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO：1所示，实施例2的β-葡萄糖苷酶的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO：2所示，实施例3的β-葡萄糖苷酶的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO： 3所示。对制备得到的党参提取物进行测定和计算，其重量以及党参提取物中总皂苷和党参多糖的含量如表1所示。
实施例4
与实施例1至实施例3相比，本实施例的区别点在于，步骤2)中只加入水和纤维素酶，不加β-葡萄糖苷酶。对制备得到的党参提取物进行测定和计算，其重量以及党参提取物中总皂苷和党参多糖的含量如表1所示。
表1
Figure PCTCN2019074273-appb-000001

Claims (6)

  1. 一种从党参边角料中制备党参提取物的方法，包括溶剂提取、过滤、浓缩和干燥，其特征在于，所述方法还包括如下酶处理步骤：在用溶剂对所述党参边角料进行提取之前，向所述党参边角料中加入水、纤维素酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶，混合均匀后进行酶解反应；所述β-葡萄糖苷酶的加入量是所述纤维素酶加入量的1-1.5倍。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的从党参边角料中制备党参提取物的方法，其特征在于：所述β-葡萄糖苷酶的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO：1、SEQ ID NO：2或SEQ ID NO：3所示。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的从党参边角料中制备党参提取物的方法，其特征在于：所述酶解反应的反应温度为30-70℃，反应pH值为4.0-7.0，反应时间为0.5-6h。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的从党参边角料中制备党参提取物的方法，其特征在于：所述酶解反应的反应温度为40-50℃，反应pH值为4.5-6.5，反应时间为1-2h。
  5. 根据权利要求1或2所述的从党参边角料中制备党参提取物的方法，其特征在于：在所述酶解反应中，水的加入量为党参边角料重量的2-3倍，纤维素酶的加入量为党参边角料重量的1％-3％。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的从党参边角料中制备党参提取物的方法，其特征在于：在进行酶解反应之前，将所述党参边角料进行粉碎处理。
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