WO2020150969A1 - 一种邻苯二甲腈型丙烯酸酯类单体的合成方法 - Google Patents
一种邻苯二甲腈型丙烯酸酯类单体的合成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020150969A1 WO2020150969A1 PCT/CN2019/073007 CN2019073007W WO2020150969A1 WO 2020150969 A1 WO2020150969 A1 WO 2020150969A1 CN 2019073007 W CN2019073007 W CN 2019073007W WO 2020150969 A1 WO2020150969 A1 WO 2020150969A1
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C253/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles
- C07C253/30—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles by reactions not involving the formation of cyano groups
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
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- C07C255/49—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of a carbon skeleton
- C07C255/54—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of a carbon skeleton containing cyano groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the carbon skeleton
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- Polyacrylate resin is a general-purpose linear polymer material with excellent processing, mechanical and optical properties and good chemical stability. It is widely used in medical, machinery, automobile, electronics, intelligence, shipbuilding, and other material fields .
- Polyacrylate resin is a kind of linear polymer obtained by homo (co)polymerization of monomers containing acrylates. Since acrylic acid monomers are easy to chemically modify, they have been widely used in the field of smart materials in recent years. Yang et al. synthesized acrylate monomers containing terpyridine structure. Due to the presence of terpyridine, polymer monomers can coordinate with transition metal salts to obtain reversible crosslinked polymers. The material has good shape memory properties (AngewandteChemie-International Edition 2017,59(41),12599-12602.); Bode et al.
- Phthalocyanine is a kind of strong polar group, which can form complexes containing phthalocyanine structure with more than 70 transition metal salts, thereby forming reversible coordination bonds (the latest research progress of high-performance resin matrix. Aerospace material technology 2012, (04), 1-6); It can also form permanent covalent bonds with organic diamines under heating conditions to form a cross-linked structure (Journal of Macromolecular Science: Part A-Chemistry: Pure and Applied Chemistry1982, A18(6) ), 931-937.).
- Phthalocyanine can also be used to prepare phthalocyanine dyes, which are used in electrode materials or storage materials, with high conversion rate and reusability (Journal of Materials Research 2011, 26(18), 2369-2372; Advanced Materials 2008 , 20(9), 1766-1771.).
- Sastri et al. used phthalonitrile resin and diamine to cross-link to prepare ultra-high temperature resistant polymers, which are used in aerospace, shipbuilding and other structural materials (Polymer 1996, 17, 816-822.).
- the present invention introduces easy-to-crosslink coordinated phthalonitrile groups into the acrylic monomer skeleton in.
- Such monomers can be prepared by (controllable activity) free radical polymerization to prepare reversible cross-linked polyacrylates, and have good application prospects in the fields of smart materials and biopolymers.
- an acrylic monomer containing a hydroxyl structure, 4-nitrophthalonitrile, an inorganic base and an organic solvent an acrylic monomer with a hydroxyl structure, and 4-nitro are sequentially added.
- the molar ratio of phthalonitrile and inorganic base is 1:1 ⁇ 2:0.5 ⁇ 3; among them, the preferred ratio is acrylic monomer with hydroxyl structure, 4-nitrophthalonitrile and inorganic base
- the molar ratio of the three is 1:1.2:0.7; the amount of organic solvent is 5-20 times (mL) of the mass (g) of the hydroxyl-containing acrylate monomer.
- the reaction is under the protection of nitrogen at room temperature (10-25°C) for 4 to 48 hours, then the heating is stopped, the product is poured into a 5wt.% NaOH aqueous solution, after filtration, the filter cake is collected and washed to neutral; After vacuum drying at 50°C for 24 hours, chloroform was used as the eluent, column chromatography was used to collect the main components; the product was collected by rotary evaporator and recrystallized with a recrystallization solvent at a ratio of 1:2-10g/mL. The product is obtained after filtration and vacuum drying.
- the acrylate monomer containing a hydroxyl structure has the following general structural formula:
- the inorganic base includes potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate or a mixture thereof.
- the organic solvent includes: N-methylpyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, or a mixture of two or more of them.
- the recrystallization solvent may include one or a mixture of methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate and the like.
- reaction raw materials are readily available, the conditions are mild, the synthesis and post-treatment processes are simple and easy to operate, and it is easy to realize industrial production.
- the phthalonitrile structure is also contained in the polymer prepared by using the monomer as a raw material, the coordination reaction is easy to proceed, the selection range of transition metals is wide, and the stability is high.
- the potential application fields of the present invention include self-healing materials, smart materials and biopolymers.
- Figure 1 is the infrared spectrum of a typical monomer.
- Figure 2 is the H-NMR spectrum of a typical monomer.
- Figure 3 is a C-NMR spectrum of a typical monomer.
- Figure 4 is a DSC spectrum of a typical monomer.
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- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
提供一种邻苯二甲腈型丙烯酸酯类单体的合成方法,属于新型高分子聚合单体制备技术领域。通过在可自由基聚合的丙烯酸酯类单体中引入可交联、配位的邻苯二甲腈结构,制备了一种含邻苯二甲腈结构的丙烯酸酯类单体。该结构特点带来的有益效果是:①邻苯二甲腈结构可通过热交联或与过渡金属盐配位,形成共价可逆配位键。将其引入聚合物分子结构中,在加热或化学物等刺激下,可自发交联或解交联,通过力学性能或颜色等物理性能的变化,构成刺激响应材料,如自愈合、智能材料等。②由于腈基和交联形成的酞菁结构具有较好的生物相容性,该单体在生物高分子领域也具有广阔的应用前景。
Description
本发明属于新型高分子聚合单体制备技术领域,涉及到一种邻苯二甲腈型丙烯酸酯类单体的合成方法。
聚丙烯酸酯类树脂是一类通用线性高分子材料,具有优异的加工、力学和光学性能和良好的化学稳定性,被广泛地应用于医用、机械、汽车、电子、智能、船舶、等材料领域。
聚丙烯酸酯类树脂是一类由含有丙烯酸酯类的单体进行均(共)聚得到的线性高分子聚合物。由于丙烯酸酸类单体易于化学改性,近年来,广泛应用于智能材料领域。Yang等人合成了含三联吡啶结构的丙烯酸酯类单体,聚合物单体由于三联吡啶的存在,可以与过渡金属盐配位得到可逆交联聚合物。材料具有良好的形状记忆性能(AngewandteChemie-International Edition 2017,59(41),12599-12602.);Bode等人采用类似聚合物,以氯化钴为配位核心,开发出的交联聚合物可作为自愈合材料使用(Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2015,3(44),22145-22153.)。Kumpfer等人采用二苯并咪唑联吡啶结构为配体,制备可逆交联聚丙烯酸酯树脂,材料具有良好的自愈合性能(Journal of the American Chemical Society 2011,133(32),12866-12874.)。但上述含吡啶基的丙烯酸酯单体制备工艺复杂,纯化过程繁琐,难以商业化应用。邻苯二甲腈是一类强极性基团,可以与70多种过渡金属盐形成含酞菁结构的配合物,从而形成可逆配位键(高性能树脂基体的最新研究进展.宇航材料工艺2012,(04),1-6);也可以与有机二胺在加热条件下形成永久共价键,形成交联结构(Journal of Macromolecular Science:Part A-Chemistry:Pure and Applied Chemistry1982,A18(6),931-937.)。邻苯二甲 腈还可用于制备酞菁染料,应用于电极材料或存储材料,具有较高的转化率和重复使用性(Journal of Materials Research 2011,26(18),2369-2372;Advanced Materials 2008,20(9),1766-1771.)。Sastri等人通过邻苯二甲腈树脂与二胺交联制备超耐高温聚合物,应用于航天、船舶等的结构材料部件(Polymer 1996,17,816-822.)。
为了在聚丙烯酸酯树脂中引入可逆配位共价键,本着探索聚丙烯酸酯智能材料的思想,本发明将易交联配位的邻苯二甲腈基团引入到丙烯酸酯类单体骨架中。该类单体可经(活性可控)自由基聚合制备可逆交联聚丙烯酸酯,在智能材料、生物高分子领域均具有良好的应用前景。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种新型的含邻苯二甲腈结构丙烯酸酯单体的合成及后处理方法。该方法为一步法合成工艺,反应条件温和,后处理过程简单易行,易于商业化放大生产;邻苯二甲腈的配位反应容易进行,过渡金属选择范围广,稳定性高。该单体在自愈合材料、智能材料及生物高分子领域具有广阔的应用前景。
本发明的技术方案:
一种邻苯二甲腈型丙烯酸酯类单体的合成方法,步骤如下:
向通过氮气排净空气的反应器中依次加入含羟基结构的丙烯酸酯类单体、4-硝基邻苯二甲腈、无机碱和有机溶剂,羟基结构的丙烯酸酯类单体、4-硝基邻苯二甲腈和无机碱三者的摩尔比为1:1~2:0.5~3;其中优选比例为羟基结构的丙烯酸酯类单体、4-硝基邻苯二甲腈和无机碱三者的摩尔比为1:1.2:0.7;有机溶剂用量为含羟基结构的丙烯酸酯类单体质量(g)的5~20倍(mL)。反应在氮气保护下,室温(10-25℃)反应4~48小时后,停止加热,将产物倒入质量 分数为5wt.%的NaOH水溶液中,过滤后,收集滤饼并洗至中性;真空50℃干燥24小时后,以氯仿为洗脱液,柱状层析,收集主要组分;使用旋转蒸发仪旋干收集产物,并用重结晶溶剂重结晶,比例为1:2~10g/mL。过滤后并真空干燥后得到产物。
所述含羟基结构的丙烯酸酯类单体具有以下的结构通式:
所述的无机碱包含:碳酸钾、碳酸钠或者为其混合物等。
所述的有机溶剂包含:N-甲基吡咯烷酮、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜或者为其中两种及以上的混合物等。
所述的重结晶溶剂可包含甲醇、乙醇、四氢呋喃、乙酸乙酯等中的一种或几种混合物。
本发明的有益效果:
(1)反应原料易得,条件温和,合成及后处理工艺简单易操作,易于实现工业化生产。
(2)以该单体为原料制备聚合物中亦含有邻苯二甲腈结构,其配位反应容易进行,过渡金属选择范围广,稳定性高。
(3)本发明的潜在应用领域包含自愈合材料、智能材料和生物高分子等。
图1是典型单体的红外谱图。
图2是典型单体的H-NMR谱图。
图3是典型单体的C-NMR谱图。
图4是典型单体的DSC谱图。
以下结合附图和技术方案,进一步说明本发明的具体实施方式。
实施例1
向通过氮气排净空气的三口烧瓶中依次加入如图1所示含羟基结构的丙烯酸酯类单体HEMA 21.2mL、4-硝基邻苯二甲腈NPh 10g、碳酸钾20g、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺200mL。反应在氮气保护下,室温(25℃)反应48小时后,停止加热,将产物倒入5%质量分数的NaOH水溶液中,过滤后,收集滤饼并洗至中性。真空50℃干燥24小时后,以氯仿为洗脱液,柱状层析,收集主要组分。使用旋转蒸发仪旋干收集产物,并用四氢呋喃重结晶,比例为1:10g/mL。过滤后并真空干燥后得到产物,收率71%。
实施例1的反应式
实施例2
向通过氮气排净空气的三口烧瓶中依次加入如图1所示含羟基结构的丙烯酸酯类单体HPBA 22.6mL、4-硝基邻苯二甲腈NPh 10.3g、碳酸钾20g、二甲基亚砜200mL。反应在氮气保护下,15℃反应24小时后,将产物倒入5%质量分数的NaOH水溶液中,过滤后,收集滤饼并洗至中性。真空50℃干燥24小时后,以氯仿为洗脱液,柱状层析,收集主要组分。使用旋转蒸发仪旋干收集产物,并用氯仿重结晶,比例为1:3g/mL。过滤后并真空干燥后得到产物,收率64%。
实施例2的反应式
实施例3
向通过氮气排净空气的三口烧瓶中依次加入含羟基结构的丙烯酸酯类单体HPBA 4.0g、4-硝基邻苯二甲腈NPh 1.1g、碳酸钾2.2g、N-甲基吡咯烷酮20mL。反应在氮气保护下,20℃反应36小时后,将产物倒入5%质量分数的NaOH水溶液中,过滤后,收集滤饼并洗至中性。真空50℃干燥24小时后,以氯仿为洗脱液,柱状层析,收集主要组分。使用旋转蒸发仪旋干收集产物,并用乙醇重结晶,比例为1:6g/mL。过滤后并真空干燥后得到产物,收率52%。
实施例3的反应式。
实施例4
向通过氮气排净空气的三口烧瓶中依次加入含羟基结构的丙烯酸酯类单体HPMA 4.2g、4-硝基邻苯二甲腈NPh 1.1g、碳酸钠2.2g、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺20mL。反应在氮气保护下,10℃反应48小时后,将产物倒入5%质量分数的NaOH水溶液中,过滤后,收集滤饼并洗至中性。真空50℃干燥24小时后,以氯仿为洗脱液,柱状层析,收集主要组分。使用旋转蒸发仪旋干收集产物,并用甲醇重结晶,比例为1:1g/mL。过滤后并真空干燥后得到产物,收率78%。
实施例3的反应式。
Claims (8)
- 一种邻苯二甲腈型丙烯酸酯类单体的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤如下:向通过氮气排净空气的反应器中依次加入含羟基结构的丙烯酸酯类单体、4-硝基邻苯二甲腈、无机碱和有机溶剂,羟基结构的丙烯酸酯类单体、4-硝基邻苯二甲腈和无机碱三者的摩尔比为1:1~2:0.5~3;有机溶剂用量mL为含羟基结构的丙烯酸酯类单体质量g的5~20倍;反应在氮气保护下,10-25℃温度条件下反应4~48小时后,停止加热,将产物倒入质量分数为5wt.%的NaOH水溶液中,过滤后,收集滤饼并洗至中性;真空50℃干燥24小时后,以氯仿为洗脱液,柱状层析,收集主要组分;使用旋转蒸发仪旋干收集产物,并用重结晶溶剂重结晶,比例为1:2~10g/mL;过滤后并真空干燥后得到产物;所述含羟基结构的丙烯酸酯类单体具有以下的结构通式:
- 根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于,所述的无机碱碳酸钾和/或碳酸钠。
- 根据权利要求1或2所述的合成方法,其特征在于,所述的有机溶剂为N-甲基吡咯烷酮、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜中的一种或两种以上混合。
- 根据权利要求1或2所述的合成方法,其特征在于,所述的重结晶溶剂为甲醇、乙醇、四氢呋喃、乙酸乙酯中的一种或两种以上混合。
- 根据权利要求3所述的合成方法,其特征在于,所述的重结晶溶剂为甲醇、乙醇、四氢呋喃、乙酸乙酯中的一种或两种以上混合。
- 根据权利要求1、2或5所述的合成方法,其特征在于,所述的羟基结构的丙 烯酸酯类单体、4-硝基邻苯二甲腈和无机碱三者的摩尔比为1:1.2:0.7。
- 根据权利要求3所述的合成方法,其特征在于,所述的羟基结构的丙烯酸酯类单体、4-硝基邻苯二甲腈和无机碱三者的摩尔比为1:1.2:0.7。
- 根据权利要求4所述的合成方法,其特征在于,所述的羟基结构的丙烯酸酯类单体、4-硝基邻苯二甲腈和无机碱三者的摩尔比为1:1.2:0.7。
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