WO2020082298A1

WO2020082298A1 - Protected cultivation method for promoting early-maturing of grapes through half root restriction

Info

Publication number: WO2020082298A1
Application number: PCT/CN2018/111892
Authority: WO
Inventors: 黄国伦; 冯国恩
Original assignee: 黄国伦
Priority date: 2018-10-22
Filing date: 2018-10-25
Publication date: 2020-04-30
Also published as: CN111149611A

Abstract

Disclosed is a protected cultivation method for promoting the early-maturing of grapes through half root restriction, the method comprising the steps of selecting and preparing land, constructing holes, planting and pruning, burying and topdressing fertilizers, and field management and collection, wherein the step of constructing holes involves: ridging on the cultivated land after land preparation, building brick walls with carbon bricks to form root restriction holes, using non-woven fabrics or plastic films to lay around the walls below the ground, filling soil into the root restriction holes, and embedding a drip irrigation system in the middle of intervals in the cultivated land; the step of burying and topdressing fertilizers uses a compound fertilizer, the compound fertilizer being prepared from raw materials in the following parts by weight: 40-50 parts of livestock feces, 15-30 parts of wormcasts, 15-30 parts of silkworm excrement, 10-20 parts of microbial residues, 10-20 parts of urea, 5-10 parts of plant ash, 2-5 parts of diammonium phosphate, 2-5 parts of ammonium nitrate, 2-5 parts of zinc sulfate, 1-3 parts of potassium chloride, 1-3 parts of calcium acetate, 1-3 parts of folic acid, 1-3 parts of sodium metasilicate, 5-10 parts of adsorbents, and 45-50 parts of pelleting aid. The method not only can reduce the cost of planting and cultivation, but also can ensure grape quality.

Description

Facility cultivation method for grapes with semi-limited roots and early maturation

Technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of grape cultivation, in particular to a plant cultivation method for grapes with semi-limited roots and early maturation facilities.

Background technique

The grape is a deciduous vine with brown branches and slender, nearly circular single leaves alternate, nearly entire to 3 to 7 lobes, the leaf margin is serrated, multi-flowered, opposite to the leaf, the basal branch is developed, the fruit is spherical or Oval, with greenish-blue, purple-black, purple-red, etc. The fruit has high sugar content, good taste, and high yield. The seed is oval-shaped, and the flowering period is from April to May, and the fruiting period is from August to September. Grapes are rich in vitamins, minerals, and flavonoids. Flavonoids are powerful antioxidants that fight aging and scavenge free radicals in the body. As one of the most popular fruits, grapes have a wide range of cultivation in China.

The grape root system is well developed and can adapt to a variety of soils. Especially, it has high yield and good quality on the soil with moderate pH, deep, loose and good fertility. At present, the root zone of grapes is restricted to cultivation. Generally, grapes are grown in cultivation containers, which greatly reduces the area of soil cultivation, fertilization and irrigation. Therefore, it can greatly save the amount of soil, fertilizer and water, reduce planting costs, and have good development prospects. .

Summary of the invention

Based on this, the object of the present invention is to provide a facility cultivation method of grape semi-limited root promotion early ripening, which can not only reduce the cost of planting and cultivation, but also ensure the quality of grapes, which is conducive to the sustainable development of grape cultivation.

The technical solutions adopted by the present invention are as follows:

A facility cultivation method for grapes with semi-limited roots and early maturity, which is characterized by the steps of land selection and land preparation, pit construction, planting and pruning, buried fertilizer and top dressing, field management and harvesting. After the planting field is ridged, charcoal bricks are used to form a brick wall to form a root-limiting pit. The four walls below the ground are laid with non-woven fabric or plastic film. The root-limiting pit is filled with soil and drip irrigation is buried in the middle of the planting space System; the buried fertilizer and top dressing use compound fertilizer, the compound fertilizer is made of the following parts by weight of raw materials: livestock manure 40-50 parts, earthworm feces 15-30 parts, silkworm sand 15-30 parts, bacterial residue 10- 20 parts, 10-20 parts of urea, 5-10 parts of plant ash, 2-5 parts of diammonium phosphate, 2-5 parts of ammonium nitrate, 2-5 parts of zinc sulfate, 1-3 parts of potassium chloride, 1-3 of calcium acetate Parts, folic acid 1-3 parts, sodium metasilicate 1-3 parts, adsorbent 5-10 parts, granulation auxiliary 45-50 parts.

Further, the livestock manure in the compound fertilizer is cow dung or sheep dung, and the adsorbent is one or more of activated carbon, zeolite, and bentonite.

Further, the preparation method of the compound fertilizer is:

(1) Weigh each raw material according to the proportion of parts by weight;

(2) Grind livestock feces, earthworm feces, silkworm sand and bacterial residues into fine powder, and then add water to mix to obtain a mixed slurry;

(3) Add urea, grass ash, diammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, zinc sulfate, potassium chloride, calcium acetate, folic acid, sodium metasilicate, adsorbent and granulation aid to the mixed slurry obtained in step (2) After mixing, it is sent to the granulator for granulation to obtain the compound fertilizer.

Further, in the construction pit, the root-limiting pit is 2-3 meters long, 2-3 meters wide, and 40-50 cm deep.

Further, the site selection and preparation are: selecting a fine sandy soil with a deep soil layer and good drainage and ventilation, applying a soil conditioner to adjust to neutral or slightly alkaline, deep plowing the soil, and raking the broken soil.

Further, the buried fertilizer and the top dressing are: a trench 40 cm deep and 30 cm wide at a side of the grape plant 35-50 cm away from the stem, mixing 3-5 kg of the compound fertilizer and soil and applying it to the The furrows are applied twice a year, once after pruning and once before flowering.

Further, the field management is: turn on the irrigation system to water until the soil is kept moist, the vineyard keeps daily clean, reduce the humidity in the garden, spray carbendazim or fumeishuang once within 1-3 days after the grape seedlings are planted, Before and after germination, before the hard core period, after the hard core period and after harvesting, the spraying control was carried out respectively.

Further, the harvesting is: when the grapes grow and grow to the size of soybean grains, remove the malformed grains, diseased grains, and insect bites, and then bag, remove the paper bag 7-15 days before picking, and then pick.

The plant cultivation method for semi-limited root promotion and early maturation of the present invention can be appropriately restricted by planting pits. Compared with the method of planting in a cultivation container, the pits can be reused and are not easily damaged. It does not occupy space above the ground, which is more conducive to efficient management. In addition, the compound fertilizer applied by the present invention is composed of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, which is especially suitable for grape cultivation, can supply various nutrients required for grape growth and maturity, promote early ripening of grapes, and obtain the survival rate and quality of grapes after application It is improved, green and environmentally friendly, has little pollution to the environment, and does not deteriorate the soil quality. It can be used repeatedly and for a long time, and the preparation process of the compound fertilizer is simple. The obtained compound fertilizer is granular and easy to apply.

detailed description

The plant cultivation method for semi-limited root promotion and early maturation of the present invention includes the following steps:

(1) Site selection and land preparation

According to the growing habits of grapes, choose fine sandy soil with deep soil layer and good drainage and ventilation, apply soil conditioner to adjust to neutral or slightly alkaline, deep plowing the soil and raking the broken soil.

The conditioning agent consists of the following parts by weight of raw materials: limestone 20 parts, bentonite 8 parts, potassium dihydrogen sulfate 15 parts, zinc sulfate 15 parts, potassium phosphate 15 parts, ferrous chloride 5 parts, wheat bran 10 parts, earthworms 10 parts of feces and 3 parts of pyraclostrobin.

(2) Construction of pits

Ridges are planted on the planted land after the site preparation, and the bricks are built with charcoal bricks to form root-limiting pits. The four walls below the ground are laid with non-woven fabric or plastic film. The root-limiting pits are filled with soil and placed in the middle of the planting space. Buried drip irrigation system.

(3) Colonization and pruning

Plant the grape seedlings in the root-limiting pit, backfill the planting seedlings with soil, and fully irrigate in time. After the fixed value is germinated, remove the weak branches, diseased branches, and dead branches to facilitate the uniform branching of the grape seedlings.

(4) Buried fertilizer and top dressing

Open a trench of 40 cm deep and 30 cm wide from the side of the grape plant 35-50 cm from the stem. Mix 3-5 kg of compound fertilizer with soil and apply to the trench. Apply twice a year, once for pruning , Once before flowering.

The compound fertilizer is made of the following parts by weight of raw materials: livestock manure 40-50 parts, earthworm feces 15-30 parts, silkworm sand 15-30 parts, bacterial residue 10-20 parts, urea 10-20 parts, grass ash 5- 10 parts, diammonium phosphate 2-5 parts, ammonium nitrate 2-5 parts, zinc sulfate 2-5 parts, potassium chloride 1-3 parts, calcium acetate 1-3 parts, folic acid 1-3 parts, sodium metasilicate 1-3 parts, adsorbent 5-10 parts, granulation aid 45-50 parts; wherein, the livestock manure in the compound fertilizer is cow dung or sheep manure, and the adsorbent is activated carbon, zeolite, bentonite In one or more of the above, the granulation assistant is diatomaceous earth or clay.

The preparation method of the compound fertilizer is:

(1) Weigh each raw material according to the proportion of parts by weight;

(3) Add urea, grass ash, diammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, zinc sulfate, potassium chloride, calcium acetate, folic acid, sodium metasilicate, adsorbent and granulation aid to the mixed slurry obtained in step (2) After mixing, it is sent to the granulator for granulation to obtain a compound fertilizer with a particle size of 1-5mm.

(5) Field management

Turn on the irrigation system to water until the soil stays moist, the vineyard keeps daily clean, reduce the humidity in the garden, spray carbendazim or fumeishuang once within 1-3 days after the grape seedlings are planted, before the germination, before the hard core period, After the hard-core period and after harvesting, key spraying periods are used to prevent and control spraying.

(6) Harvest

When the grapes have grown to the size of soybean grains, remove the malformed grains, diseased grains and insect bites, and bag them. Remove the paper bags 7-15 days before picking and then pick them.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and their descriptions are more specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the patent scope of the invention. It should be noted that, those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, can also make several modifications and improvements, which all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

A plant cultivation method for semi-limited root promotion and early ripening of grapes, which is characterized by the steps of land selection and land preparation, pit construction, planting and pruning, buried fertilizer and top dressing, field management and harvesting. The land selection and land preparation is: selecting soil A deep layer of fine sandy soil with good drainage and ventilation, adjusted to neutral or slightly alkaline with soil conditioner, deep plowing the soil and raking the broken soil; the construction pits are: ridges on the planted land after land preparation , Use carbon bricks to build brick walls to form root-limiting pits, lay non-woven fabric or plastic film on the four walls below the ground, fill the root-limiting pits with soil, and bury drip irrigation systems in the middle of the planting ground; A compound fertilizer is used for top dressing. The compound fertilizer is made of the following parts by weight of raw materials: livestock manure 40-50 parts, earthworm feces 15-30 parts, silkworm sand 15-30 parts, bacterial residue 10-20 parts, urea 10- 20 parts, plant ash 5-10 parts, diammonium phosphate 2-5 parts, ammonium nitrate 2-5 parts, zinc sulfate 2-5 parts, potassium chloride 1-3 parts, calcium acetate 1-3 parts, folic acid 1-3 Parts, 1-3 parts of sodium metasilicate, 5-10 parts of adsorbent, 45-50 parts of granulation assistant.
The plant cultivation method for semi-limited root promotion and early ripening of grapes according to claim 1, wherein the livestock manure in the compound fertilizer is cow dung or sheep dung, and the adsorbent is activated carbon, zeolite, bentonite One or more.
The plant cultivation method for semi-limited root promotion and early ripening of grapes according to claim 2, wherein the preparation method of the compound fertilizer is:

(1) Weigh each raw material according to the proportion of parts by weight;

(2) Grind livestock feces, earthworm feces, silkworm sand and bacterial residues into fine powder, and then add water to mix to obtain a mixed slurry;

(3) Add urea, grass ash, diammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, zinc sulfate, potassium chloride, calcium acetate, folic acid, sodium metasilicate, adsorbent and granulation aid to the mixed slurry obtained in step (2) After mixing, it is sent to the granulator for granulation to obtain the compound fertilizer.
The facility cultivation method for semi-limiting root-promoting early ripening of grapes according to claim 1, wherein in the construction pit, the root-limiting pit is 2-3 meters long, 2-3 meters wide, and 40-50 deep cm.
The facility cultivation method for semi-limited root promotion and early ripening of grapes according to claim 1, characterized in that the soil conditioner used in the site preparation consists of the following parts by weight of raw materials: 20 parts of limestone, 8 parts of bentonite, dihydrogen sulfate 15 parts of potassium, 15 parts of zinc sulfate, 15 parts of potassium phosphate, 5 parts of ferrous chloride, 10 parts of wheat bran, 10 parts of earthworm feces, and 3 parts of chlorfenapyr.
The plant cultivation method for semi-limited root promotion and early ripening of grapes according to claim 1, characterized in that the buried fertilizer and top dressing are: 40 cm deep and 30 cm wide at a side of the grape plant 35-50 cm away from the stem For furrow, mix 3-5 kg of the compound fertilizer and soil and apply to furrow, twice a year, once after pruning and once before flowering.
The plant cultivation method for semi-limited root promotion and early maturity of grapes according to claim 1, wherein the field management is: turning on the irrigation system to water until the soil is kept moist, the vineyard is kept clean daily, and the humidity in the garden is reduced. Spray carbendazim or fumeishuang once in 1-3 days after planting seedlings, and spray and control at key periods before germination, before the hard core period, after the hard core period and after harvesting.
The plant cultivation method for semi-limited root promotion and early ripening of grapes according to claim 1, characterized in that the harvesting is carried out after removing the malformed grains, diseased grains and insect bites when the grapes grow to the size of soybean grains For bagging, remove the paper bag 7-15 days before picking and pick again.