WO2020062600A1 - 偏光结构及显示装置 - Google Patents

偏光结构及显示装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020062600A1
WO2020062600A1 PCT/CN2018/120646 CN2018120646W WO2020062600A1 WO 2020062600 A1 WO2020062600 A1 WO 2020062600A1 CN 2018120646 W CN2018120646 W CN 2018120646W WO 2020062600 A1 WO2020062600 A1 WO 2020062600A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
protrusions
layer
protective layer
polarizing
protrusion
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PCT/CN2018/120646
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
康志聪
Original Assignee
惠科股份有限公司
重庆惠科金渝光电科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2020062600A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020062600A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/30—Polarising elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
    • G09F9/30—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
    • G09F9/33—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements being semiconductor devices, e.g. diodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of displays, in particular to a polarizing structure and a display device.
  • VA-type liquid crystal technology has the characteristics of higher production efficiency and low manufacturing cost.
  • the VA-type liquid crystal technology has obvious problems of viewing role deviation, which is especially obvious when a larger viewing angle is required.
  • the way VA liquid crystal technology solves the problem of viewing role deviation is to subdivide each RGB sub-pixel into a main pixel and a sub-pixel, and apply different driving voltages to the main pixel and the sub-pixel, so that the overall large viewing angle brightness changes with voltage Close to front view, where R sub-pixels are Red sub-pixels, red sub-pixels; G sub-pixels are Green sub-pixels, green sub-pixels; B sub-pixels are Blue sub-pixels, blue sub-pixels.
  • R sub-pixels are Red sub-pixels, red sub-pixels
  • G sub-pixels are Green sub-pixels, green sub-pixels
  • B sub-pixels are Blue sub-pixels, blue sub-pixels.
  • a display device is provided.
  • a polarizing structure includes:
  • a polarizing layer having opposite light incident surfaces and light emitting surfaces
  • a compensation film layer disposed on the light emitting surface
  • the protective layer includes a protective layer body and a protrusion.
  • the protective layer body is disposed on the light incident surface.
  • a polarizing structure includes:
  • a polarizing layer having opposite light incident surfaces and light emitting surfaces, and the polarizing layer is a polyvinyl alcohol layer
  • a compensation film layer is disposed on the light emitting surface, and the material of the compensation film layer is a material having birefringence performance;
  • the protective layer includes a protective layer body and a protrusion.
  • the protective layer body is disposed on the light incident surface.
  • the refractive index of the protective layer is 1.0 to 2.5;
  • the shape of each of the protrusions is selected from one of a triangular prism shape and a triangular pyramid shape; when the shape of each of the protrusions is a triangular prism shape, a side surface of each of the protrusions and the The protective layer body is attached, the first direction is perpendicular to the light incident surface, the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction, the protrusion extends along the second direction, and the third direction and the second direction, The first direction is all vertical, and the arrangement of the plurality of protrusions is selected from one of an arrangement along the third direction and a matrix arrangement; the shape of each of the protrusions is a triangular pyramid, each The bottom surface of the protrusion is attached to the protective layer body, and a plurality of the protrusions are arranged in a matrix.
  • a display device includes a polarizing structure, and the polarizing structure includes:
  • a polarizing layer having opposite light incident surfaces and light emitting surfaces
  • a compensation film layer disposed on the light emitting surface
  • the protective layer includes a protective layer body and a protrusion.
  • the protective layer body is disposed on the light incident surface.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a display device according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a polarizing structure of the display device shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a protective layer of the polarizing structure shown in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the protective layer shown in FIG. 3 on a plane where the X axis and the Z axis are located;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a light traveling direction in the protective layer shown in FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a light traveling direction in the protective layer shown in FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a polarizing module of the display device shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a backlight module of the display device shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the backlight module shown in FIG. 7 on a plane where the Z axis and the Y axis are located;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a protective layer of a polarizing structure according to another embodiment.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of the protective layer shown in FIG. 9 on a plane where the Z axis and the X axis are located;
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of the protective layer shown in FIG. 9 on a plane where the Z axis and the Y axis are located;
  • FIG. 12 is a comparison chart of the brightness of the VA type liquid crystal driver at different viewing angles as a function of voltage;
  • FIG. 12 a) is a comparison chart of the brightness of the VA type liquid crystal driver at the side and positive viewing angles of the undivided main pixel and sub pixel as a function of voltage
  • Figure 12b) is a comparison chart of the changes in brightness of the side viewing angle and the positive viewing angle after voltage division of the VA liquid crystal driver after the main pixel and the sub pixel are divided.
  • the polarizing layer 110 has a light incident surface 111 and a light emitting surface 113 opposite to each other.
  • the first direction is defined to be perpendicular to the light incident surface 111.
  • the first direction is the direction in which the Z axis is located.
  • the polarizing layer 110 is a polyvinyl alcohol layer (PVA layer) and has polarizing characteristics. It should be noted that the polarizing layer 110 is not limited to the polyvinyl alcohol layer, and other materials having polarizing characteristics can also be used in the polarizing layer 110.
  • the compensation film layer 120 is disposed on the light emitting surface 113.
  • the compensation film layer 120 is disposed on the light emitting surface 113.
  • the material of the compensation film layer 120 is a material having birefringence performance. In one embodiment, the material of the compensation film layer 120 is selected from one of a liquid crystal film material and a TAC (Triacetyl Cellulose, triacetate film) material.
  • TAC Triacetyl Cellulose, triacetate film
  • the protective layer 130 is used for supporting and protecting the polarizing layer 110 to avoid affecting the polarizing performance of the polarizing layer 110 due to water absorption or fragmentation.
  • the protective layer 130 includes a protective layer body 131 and a protrusion 133.
  • the protective layer body 131 is disposed on the light incident surface 111.
  • the protective layer body 131 has a first surface 1311 and a second surface 1313 opposite to each other.
  • the first surface 1311 is bonded to the light incident surface 111.
  • the thickness of the protective layer body 131 along the first direction is defined as D.
  • D is 20 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m.
  • the protrusion 133 is disposed on a side of the protective layer body 131 away from the light incident surface 111.
  • the shape of the protrusion 133 is a triangular prism shape.
  • One side surface of the protrusion 133 is in contact with the protective layer body 131. Please also refer to FIG. 5.
  • the direction indicated by the arrow in FIG. 5 is the direction in which the light travels.
  • a triangular prism-shaped protrusion 133 is provided to allow light to travel from the optically sparse medium (i.e., air) to the optically dense medium (i.e., the protective layer 130).
  • a direction of light travel is formed between the optically sparse medium and the optically dense medium.
  • the intersecting interface makes the light refract or diffuse in the process of traveling, so as to distribute the light energy of the positive viewing angle to the side viewing angle, so that the side viewing angle can also present the same picture quality as the positive viewing angle and improve the role of the visual role. .
  • the second surface 1313 is a flat surface.
  • the protrusion 133 has a first side surface 1331, a second side surface 1333 and a third side surface 1335 connected in this order.
  • the third side surface 1335 is in conformity with the second surface 1313.
  • the protrusion 133 and the protective layer body 131 are an integrally formed structure.
  • the protrusion 133 extends in the second direction. Defines that the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction. In the illustrated embodiment, the second direction is the direction in which the Y axis is located.
  • the angle between the first side surface 1331 and the second surface 1313 is defined as a1.
  • the angle between the second side surface 1333 and the second surface 1313 is defined as a2.
  • a1 is 15 ° to 75 °;
  • a2 is 15 ° to 75 °.
  • the polarizing structure 100 can cover a general backlight type angle, so that the light traveling direction intersects with the first side 1331 and the second side 1333, so that the light emitted by the light source passes through A greater degree of deflection can occur behind the protective layer 130 to more effectively improve the problem of deflection of the character.
  • the backlight light type angle is the light output angle of the backlight light source.
  • the shape of the protrusion 133 is a regular triangular prism.
  • the light traveling direction of the general backlight light source intersects with the second side surface 1333, so that the light emitted by the light source can be deflected to a greater degree after passing through the protective layer 130, and further Can more effectively improve the problem of partial role.
  • the maximum thickness of the protrusion 133 in the first direction is defined as d.
  • d is 20 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m.
  • the plurality of protrusions 133 are disposed on the side of the protective layer body 131 away from the light incident surface 111 at intervals. In one embodiment, the plurality of protrusions 133 are aligned in the third direction. A direction perpendicular to both the second direction and the first direction is defined as a third direction. In the illustrated embodiment, the third direction is the direction in which the X axis is located.
  • each protrusion 133 has an edge 1337 opposite to the side.
  • the edge 1337 is an intersection of the first side surface 1331 and the second side surface 1335.
  • the distance between the edges 1337 of the adjacent protrusions 133 in the third direction is defined as Px1.
  • the maximum width of each protrusion 133 in the third direction is defined as Lx1.
  • Px1 is greater than or equal to Lx1.
  • the pitches of the edges 1337 of the adjacent protrusions 133 in the third direction may be all equal, or may not be completely equal, or may be completely different. Set according to actual needs. By controlling the distance of the edges 1337 of the adjacent protrusions 133 in the third direction to control the size of different regions of the front-view light energy, and then adjust the uniformity of the light. It should be noted that the maximum width of each protrusion 133 in the third direction may be equal, or may not be completely equal, or may be completely different. Set according to actual needs. By controlling the maximum width of each protrusion 133 in the third direction to control the size of different regions of the frontal light energy, the light uniformity is adjusted.
  • the maximum thickness of the protective layer 130 (that is, the sum of D and d) is 20 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m. This arrangement enables the protective layer 130 to ensure the weatherability of the polarizing layer 110, prevents the polarizing layer 110 from contacting the external environment, and prevents moisture from entering the polarizing layer 110 and affecting the weathering resistance and polarizing performance of the polarizing layer 110.
  • the refractive index of the protective layer 130 is 1.0 to 2.5.
  • the angle of light refraction is larger, and the energy of the light at the positive viewing angle is more easily distributed to the side viewing angle, and the larger viewing angle can be seen the same as the positive viewing angle. The quality of the image improves the bias of the character.
  • the protective layer 130 is selected from one of a polyethylene terephthalate layer, a cellulose triacetate layer, and a polymethyl methacrylate layer.
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • TCA Tri-cellulose Acetate
  • PMMA Polymethylmethacrylate
  • the protective layer 130 By providing the protective layer 130, the light transmittance of the polarizing structure 100 can also be ensured, and the mechanical strength and aging resistance of the polarizing structure 100 can be enhanced. It should be noted that the protective layer 130 is not limited to one selected from a polyethylene terephthalate layer, a cellulose triacetate layer, and a polymethyl methacrylate layer, and may be composed of other materials.
  • the polarizing structure 100 further includes an adhesive layer 140.
  • the adhesive layer 140 is disposed on a side of the compensation film layer 120 away from the polarizing layer 110.
  • the adhesive layer 140 is provided so that the polarizing structure 100 can be adhered to the display panel.
  • the adhesive layer 140 is a PSA layer.
  • PSA pressure sensitive adhesive
  • the adhesive layer 140 is not limited to a PSA layer, and may be other types of adhesive layers.
  • the display panel 200 is disposed on a side of the polarizing structure 100 near the compensation film layer 120. In the illustrated embodiment, the display panel 200 is adhered to a side of the adhesive layer 140 away from the compensation film layer 120.
  • the display panel 200 is selected from a liquid crystal display panel, an OLED display panel (Organic Light-Emitting Diode), and a QLED display panel (Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diode).
  • a liquid crystal display panel an OLED display panel (Organic Light-Emitting Diode), and a QLED display panel (Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diode).
  • the display device 10 is a liquid crystal display device, an OLED display device, or a QLED display device.
  • the display panel 200 is a liquid crystal display panel in which a main pixel and a sub-pixel are not divided. It should be noted that the display panel 200 may also be a liquid crystal display panel divided into a main pixel and a sub pixel.
  • the polarizing module 300 is disposed on a side of the display panel 200 away from the polarizing structure 100.
  • the polarizing module 300 includes an optical compensation layer 310, a polarizer 320, and a protective film 330 that are sequentially stacked.
  • the optical compensation layer 310 is disposed on a side of the display panel 200 away from the polarizing structure 100.
  • the polarizer 320 is located on a side of the optical compensation layer 310 away from the display panel 200.
  • the protective film 330 is located on a layer of the polarizing layer 320 away from the optical compensation layer 310.
  • the optical compensation layer 310 can not only support and protect the polarizer 320, but also compensate the large-angle-polarized light output of the liquid crystal molecules.
  • the material of the optical compensation layer 310 is a material having birefringence performance. Specifically, the material of the optical compensation layer 310 is selected from one of a liquid crystal film material and a TAC (triacetate film) material.
  • the polarizing module 300 further includes an adhesive layer 340.
  • the adhesive layer 340 is disposed between the optical compensation layer 310 and the display panel 200 so that the polarizing module 300 and the display panel 200 are adhered.
  • the adhesive layer 340 is a PSA layer. It should be noted that the adhesive layer 340 is not limited to a PSA layer, and may be other types of adhesive layers.
  • the material of the polarizer 320 is polyvinyl alcohol. It should be noted that the material of the polarizer 320 is not limited to polyvinyl alcohol, and other materials having polarizing characteristics can also be applied to the polarizer 320.
  • the protective film 330 is used to protect the polarizer 320 to prevent the polarizing performance of the polarizer 320 from being affected by water absorption or fragmentation.
  • the protective film 330 is selected from one of a PET film, a TAC film, and a PET / TAC film.
  • PET / TAC film means that a PET film is laminated on a TAC film.
  • a PET film may be laminated on the polarizer 320, or a TAC film may be laminated on the polarizer 320.
  • the polarizing module 300 further includes a functional film 360.
  • the functional film 360 is laminated on a side of the protective film 330 away from the polarizer 320.
  • the functional film 360 has functions such as anti-dazzle and anti-ultraviolet, so that the display device 10 can also be viewed in sunlight.
  • the functional film 360 is selected from one of an AG film (Anti-stun film), an LR film (Low reflection film), and an AG / LR film.
  • the AG film / LR film means that the LR film is laminated on the AG film. It should be noted that when the functional film 360 is an AG film / LR film, the AG film may be laminated on the protective film 330, or the LR film may be laminated on the protective film 330.
  • the backlight module 400 is located on a side of the polarizing structure 100 away from the display panel 200. In the illustrated embodiment, the backlight module 400 and the polarizing structure 100 are spaced apart.
  • the backlight module 400 is a collimated backlight module.
  • the collimated backlight module 400 enables the energy of light to be concentrated on the output of a positive viewing angle, effectively provides optical utilization, and reduces the energy consumption of the display device 10.
  • the backlight module 400 includes a reflective layer 410, a light guide plate 420, and an optical film layer 430.
  • the reflective layer 410, the light guide plate 420, and the optical film layer 430 are sequentially disposed along a direction close to the polarizing structure 100.
  • the optical film layer 430 and the light guide plate 420 the light emitted from the backlight module 400 can be collimated light with high directivity.
  • the light guide plate 420 has a light incident side 421.
  • the light incident side 421 is parallel to the first direction.
  • the backlight module 400 further includes a light source 440.
  • the light source 440 is disposed near the light guide plate 420 and is opposite to the light incident side 421.
  • the light traveling direction of the light source 440 is parallel to the second direction.
  • the light source 440 is an LED array light source.
  • the light guide plate 420 is provided with a second light guide groove 425.
  • the second light guide groove 425 is formed on a surface of the light guide plate 420 near the optical film layer 430.
  • the second light guide groove 425 is a V-shaped groove.
  • the second light guide groove 425 is formed on the side of the light guide plate 420 near the optical film layer 430 in a V-cut manner.
  • the extending direction of the second light guide groove 425 is parallel to the second direction.
  • the plurality of second light guide grooves 425 are arranged at intervals along the third direction.
  • the optical film layer 430 is provided with a plurality of grooves 432.
  • the plurality of grooves 432 are spaced apart from each other on a surface of a side close to the light guide plate 420.
  • the plurality of grooves 432 are V-shaped grooves, so that the surface of the optical film layer 430 near the light guide plate 420 forms an inverse prism structure.
  • the display device 10 is a curved display panel. It should be noted that the display device 10 is not limited to a curved display panel, and may be a flat display panel.
  • the polarizing structure 100 of the display device 10 is provided with a compensation film layer 120 on the light emitting surface 113 of the polarizing layer 110, which can not only support and protect the polarizing layer 110, but also can be used when the polarizing structure 100 is disposed on the display panel 200.
  • the layer body 131 is provided with a plurality of spaced-apart protrusions 133 on the side far from the light-entering surface 111, and each protrusion 133 has a triangular prism shape, so that light passes from a light-sparse medium (that is, air) to a light-dense medium (that is, In the process of the protective layer 130), a junction surface that intersects with the direction of light travel is formed between the light-sparse medium and the light-dense medium, so that the light is refracted or diffused during the travel, so that the light energy at a positive viewing angle Assigned to the side viewing angle, so that the side viewing angle can also present the same picture quality as the positive
  • the distance between the edges 1337 of the adjacent protrusions 133 in the third direction is greater than or equal to the maximum width of each protrusion 133 in the third direction, which can make part of the non-prism area
  • the light directly passes through, and the light energy at the positive viewing angle can be maintained at a certain ratio to avoid excessive reduction in brightness, and the distribution ratio of the light energy at large viewing angles can be controlled.
  • the backlight module 400 of the above-mentioned display device 10 is a collimated backlight module, so that the light energy can be concentrated on the output of the positive viewing angle.
  • the positive The light-type energy of the viewing angle is allocated to the side viewing angle, so as to solve the problem of the side-viewing character deviation of the display device 10.
  • the adhesive layer 140 may be omitted.
  • an adhesive may be provided on a side of the compensation film layer 120 away from the polarizing layer 110 so that the polarizing structure 100 is adhered to the display panel 200.
  • the adhesive may be a pressure-sensitive adhesive.
  • the plurality of protrusions 133 is not limited to be arranged along the third direction, and the plurality of protrusions 133 may also be arranged in a matrix.
  • the pitch of the edges 1337 of adjacent protrusions 133 in the second direction is greater than or equal to the length of each protrusion 133 in the second direction.
  • the second direction is not limited to the direction in which the Y axis is located, and may also be the direction in which the X axis is located.
  • the third direction is not limited to the direction in which the X axis is located, and may also be the direction in which the Y axis is located.
  • the structure of the polarizing structure according to another embodiment is substantially the same as that of the polarizing structure 100 except that:
  • the shape of the protrusion 533 is a triangular pyramid.
  • the bottom surface 5331 of the protrusion 533 is attached to the protective layer body 531.
  • the optically sparse medium that is, air
  • the optically dense medium that is, the protective layer 530
  • the light and the dense medium are formed between the optically dense medium and the optically dense medium.
  • the angle between the first connecting surface 5333 and the second surface 5313 is defined as b1.
  • the angle between the second connecting surface 5335 and the second surface 5313 is defined as b2.
  • the angle between the third connecting surface 5337 and the second surface 5313 is defined as b3.
  • b1 is 15 ° to 75 °
  • b2 is 15 ° to 75 °
  • b3 is 15 ° to 75 °.
  • the backlight light type angle is the light output angle of the backlight light source.
  • b1 is 45 °
  • b2 is 45 °
  • b3 is 45 °. This setting can further improve the problem of viewing angle deviation.
  • the shape of the protrusion 533 is a regular triangular pyramid.
  • the light traveling direction of the general backlight light source can be intersected with the first connection surface 5333, the second connection surface 5335, and the third connection surface 5337, so that the light emitted by the light source passes through.
  • a greater degree of deflection can occur, which can more effectively improve the problem of deflection of the character.
  • the plurality of protrusions 533 are arranged in a matrix.
  • Each protrusion 533 has a vertex 5339 opposite to the bottom surface 5331. Please continue to refer to FIG. 11.
  • the vertex 5339 is an intersection of the first connection surface 5333, the second connection surface 5335, and the third connection surface 5337.
  • the distance between the vertices 5339 of the adjacent protrusions 533 in the second direction is defined as Py.
  • the maximum width of each protrusion 533 in the second direction is defined as Ly. In one of these embodiments, Py is greater than or equal to Ly.
  • the pitches of the vertices 5339 of the adjacent protrusions 533 in the second direction may be all equal, or may not be completely equal, or may be completely different. Set according to actual needs. By controlling the distance between the vertices 5339 of the adjacent protrusions 533 in the second direction to control the size of different regions of the frontal light energy, the light uniformity is adjusted. It should be noted that the maximum width of each protrusion 533 in the second direction may be equal, or may not be completely equal, or may be completely different. Set according to actual needs. By controlling the maximum width of each protrusion 533 in the second direction to control the size of different regions of the frontal light energy, the uniformity of light is adjusted.
  • the distance between the vertices 5339 of the adjacent protrusions 533 in the third direction is defined as Px2.
  • the maximum width of each protrusion 533 in the third direction is defined as Lx2.
  • Px2 is greater than or equal to Lx2.
  • the pitches of the vertices 5339 of the adjacent protrusions 533 in the third direction may be all equal, or may not be completely equal, or may be completely different. Set according to actual needs. By controlling the distance between the vertices 5339 of the adjacent protrusions 533 in the third direction to control the size of the different areas of the frontal light energy, the light uniformity is adjusted. It should be noted that the maximum width of each protrusion 533 in the third direction may be equal, or may not be completely equal, or may be completely different. Set according to actual needs. By controlling the maximum width of each protrusion 533 in the third direction, in order to control the size of different regions of the frontal light energy, and then adjust the uniformity of light.
  • the distance between the vertices 5339 of adjacent protrusions 533 in the second direction is greater than or equal to the maximum width of each protrusion 533 in the second direction, and the vertices 5339 of adjacent protrusions 533 The spacing in the three directions is greater than or equal to the maximum width of each protrusion 533 in the third direction.
  • the shape of the protrusions 533 of the above-mentioned polarizing structure is a triangular pyramid, and the bottom surface 5331 of each protrusion 533 is attached to the protective layer body 531, so that light can pass from the optically sparse medium (that is, air) to the optically dense medium (that is, the protective layer 530).
  • a junction surface that intersects with the direction of light travel is formed between the light-sparse medium and the light-dense medium, so that the light is refracted or diffused during the travel, so that the light energy of the positive angle of view is distributed to the side Angle of view, so that the side view angle can also present the same picture quality as the front angle of view and improve the role of the viewing role.
  • the distance between the vertices 5339 of the adjacent protrusions 533 in the above-mentioned polarizing structure in the second direction is greater than or equal to the maximum width of each protrusion 533 in the second direction, and the vertices 5339 of the adjacent protrusions 533 are in the first direction.
  • the distance in the three directions is greater than or equal to the maximum width of each protrusion 533 in the third direction.
  • the display device may be an LCD display device (Liquid Crystal Display), an OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) display device, a QLED (Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diode, quantum dot light emitting). (Diode) display devices, etc.
  • the display device may be a flat display device or a curved display device. It can be understood that the type of the display device includes, but is not limited to, the above examples.
  • the display device is an LCD display device, it can be an LCD display device such as VA (Vertical Alignment Liquid Crystal), TN (Twisted Nematic, Twisted Nematic), or IPS (In-Plane Switching). .
  • the display device is a liquid crystal display panel in which a main pixel and a sub pixel are not divided.
  • the viewing angle measuring device is used to measure the change of the brightness of the display device with the gray scale in the front viewing angle and the side viewing angle. The measurement results are shown in Figure 12a). It can be seen from Fig. 12a) that the brightness of the display device in the side viewing angle quickly saturates with the voltage (as indicated by the curve indicated by arrow a-1), which causes the viewing role to be deviated from the positive viewing angle (as indicated by the curve indicated by arrow a-2). Severe deterioration.
  • the display device may be an LCD display device (Liquid Crystal Display), an OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) display device, a QLED (Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diode, quantum dot light emitting). (Diode) display devices, etc.
  • the display device may be a flat display device or a curved display device. It can be understood that the type of the display device includes, but is not limited to, the above examples.
  • the display device is an LCD display device, it may be an LCD display device such as VA (Vertical Alignment), TN (Twisted Nematic), or IPS (In-Plane Switching). Take the display device as a VA type liquid crystal driver as an example.
  • the display panel is a liquid crystal display panel divided into a main pixel and a sub pixel, and the original signal is divided into a large voltage signal (ie, Part A) and a small voltage signal (ie, Part B).
  • the viewing angle measuring device is used to measure the change of the brightness of the display device with the gray scale in the front viewing angle and the side viewing angle. The measurement results are shown in Figure 12b). It can be seen from FIG.
  • the brightness of the viewing angle of the display device under a large voltage changes with the gray scale as shown by the arrow b-1
  • the brightness of the viewing angle of the display device with a small voltage changes with the gray scale as shown by the arrow b-2 Refers to the curve, the combination of high voltage and low voltage to obtain the brightness of the side viewing angle changes with the gray level as shown by the arrow b-3, which is closer to the relationship between the brightness of the positive viewing angle and the gray level change (as indicated by the arrow b-4 Curve), therefore, the brightness of the side view angle varies with the signal when the relationship between the brightness of the side view angle and the positive view angle is close to that of the positive view angle.
  • the structure of the polarizing structure of this embodiment is the same as that of the polarizing structure 100, the protective layer is a polyethylene terephthalate layer, a1 is 45 °, and a2 is 45 °.
  • the structure of the polarizing structure of this embodiment is the same as that of the polarizing structure 100, the protective layer is a cellulose triacetate layer, a1 is 45 °, and a2 is 45 °.
  • the structure of the polarizing structure of this embodiment is the same as that of the polarizing structure 100.
  • the protective layer is a polymethyl methacrylate layer, a1 is 45 °, and a2 is 45 °.
  • the structure of the polarizing structure of this embodiment is the same as that of the polarizing structure 100.
  • the protective layer is a polyethylene terephthalate layer, b1 is 45 °, b2 is 45 °, and b3 is 45 °. .
  • the polarizing structure of this embodiment is the same as that of the other embodiment.
  • the protective layer is a cellulose triacetate layer, b1 is 45 °, and b2 is 45 °. , B3 is 45 °.
  • the polarizing structure of this embodiment is substantially the same as the structure of the polarizing structure 500.
  • the difference is that the protective layer of the polarizing structure only includes the protective layer body, and no convex structure is provided. Up.

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Abstract

一种偏光结构（100）及显示装置（10）。该偏光结构（100），包括：偏光层（110），具有相对的入光面（111）与出光面（113）；补偿膜层（120），设置于出光面（113）上；及保护层（130），包括保护层本体（131）及凸起（133），保护层本体（131）设置于入光面（111）上，凸起（133）为多个，多个凸起（133）间隔设置于保护层本体（131）远离入光面（111）的一侧上，其中，每个凸起（133）为三棱柱形，每个凸起（133）的一个侧面与保护层本体（131）贴合，或，每个凸起（133）为三棱锥形，每个凸起（133）的底面与保护层本体（131）贴合。通过设置上述偏光结构（100），无需在显示面板（200）中划分主像素和次像素即可改善视角色偏。

Description

偏光结构及显示装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2018年09月30日提交中国专利局、申请号为2018111633561、发明名称为“偏光结构及显示装置”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及显示器领域，特别是涉及一种偏光结构及显示装置。
背景技术
现行大尺寸液晶显示面板多半采用负型VA(Vertical Alignment liquid crystal，垂直排列)液晶。VA型液晶技术具有较高的生产效率及低制造成本等特点，VA型液晶技术存在较为明显的视角色偏问题，在需要较大的视角呈现时尤其明显。
VA型液晶驱动在侧视角亮度随电压快速饱和造成视角色偏相较于正视严重恶化。一般地，VA型液晶技术解决视角色偏的方式是将RGB各子像素再划分为主像素和次像素，并给主像素和次像素施加不同的驱动电压，使得整体大视角亮度随电压变化较为接近正视，其中，R子像素即Red子像素，红色子像素；G子像素即Green子像素，绿色子像素；B子像素即Blue子像素，蓝色子像素。通过此种方式往往需要再设计金属走线或开关元件来驱动次像素，造成可透光开口区牺牲，影响显示面板的穿透率，直接造成背光成本的提升。
发明内容
基于此，有必要提供一种偏光结构，通过设置该偏光结构，无需在显示面板中划分主像素和次像素即可改善视角色偏。
此外，还提供一种显示装置。
一种偏光结构，包括：
偏光层，具有相对的入光面与出光面；
补偿膜层，设置于所述出光面上；及
保护层，包括保护层本体及凸起，所述保护层本体设置于所述入光面上，所述凸起为多个，多个所述凸起间隔设置于所述保护层本体远离所述入光面的一侧上；其中，每个所述凸起的形状选自三棱柱形及三棱锥形中的一种；每个所述凸起的形状为三棱柱形时，每个所述凸起的一个侧面与所述保护层 本体贴合；每个所述凸起的形状为三棱锥形时，每个所述凸起的底面与所述保护层本体贴合。
一种偏光结构，包括：
偏光层，具有相对的入光面与出光面，所述偏光层为聚乙烯醇层；
补偿膜层，设置于所述出光面上，所述补偿膜层的材质为具有双折射性能的材料；及
保护层，包括保护层本体及凸起，所述保护层本体设置于所述入光面上，所述凸起为多个，多个所述凸起间隔设置于所述保护层本体远离所述入光面的一侧上，所述保护层的折射率为1.0～2.5；
其中，每个所述凸起的形状选自三棱柱形及三棱锥形中的一种；每个所述凸起的形状为三棱柱形时，每个所述凸起的一个侧面与所述保护层本体贴合，第一方向垂直于所述入光面，第二方向垂直于所述第一方向，所述凸起沿所述第二方向延伸，第三方向与所述第二方向、所述第一方向均垂直，多个所述凸起的排列方式选自沿所述第三方向排列及呈矩阵排列中的一种；每个所述凸起的形状为三棱锥形，每个所述凸起的底面与所述保护层本体贴合，多个所述凸起呈矩阵排列。
一种显示装置，包括偏光结构，所述偏光结构，包括：
偏光层，具有相对的入光面与出光面；
补偿膜层，设置于所述出光面上；及
保护层，包括保护层本体及凸起，所述保护层本体设置于所述入光面上，所述凸起为多个，多个所述凸起间隔设置于所述保护层本体远离所述入光面的一侧上；其中，每个所述凸起的形状选自三棱柱形及三棱锥形中的一种；每个所述凸起的形状为三棱柱形时，每个所述凸起的一个侧面与所述保护层本体贴合；每个所述凸起的形状为三棱锥形时，每个所述凸起的底面与所述保护层本体贴合。
本发明的一个或多个实施例的细节在下面的附图和描述中提出。本发明的其它特征、目的和优点将从说明书、附图以及权利要求书变得明显。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他实施例的附图。
图1为一实施方式的显示装置的结构示意图；
图2为图1所示的显示装置的偏光结构的结构示意图；
图3为图2所示的偏光结构的保护层的结构示意图；
图4为图3所示的保护层于X轴与Z轴所在平面的结构示意图；
图5为图4所示的保护层中光进行方向的结构示意图；
图6为图1所示的显示装置的偏光模组的结构示意图；
图7为图1所示的显示装置的背光模组的结构示意图；
图8为图7所示的背光模组于Z轴与Y轴所在平面的结构示意图；
图9为另一实施方式的偏光结构的保护层的结构示意图；
图10为图9所示的保护层于Z轴与X轴所在平面的结构示意图；
图11为图9所示的保护层于Z轴与Y轴所在平面的结构示意图；
图12为VA型液晶驱动在不同视角的亮度随电压的变化对比图；其中，图12a)为VA型液晶驱动在未划分主像素和次像素的侧视角和正视角的亮度随电压的变化对比图；图12b)为VA型液晶驱动在划分主像素和次像素后的侧视角和正视角的亮度随电压的变化对比图。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本发明，下面将参照相关附图对本发明进行更全面的描述。附图中给出了本发明的较佳的实施例。但是，本发明可以以许多不同的形式来实现，并不限于本文所描述的实施例。相反地，提供这些实施例的目的是使对本发明的公开内容的理解更加透彻全面。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本发明。
如图1所示，一实施方式显示装置10。显示装置10可以选自LCD显示装置(Liquid Crystal Display，液晶显示装置)、OLED(Organic Light-Emitting Diode，有机发光二极管)显示装置及QLED(Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diode，量子点发光二极管)显示装置中的一种，同时，显示装置10可以选自平面显示装置及曲面显示装置中的一种。可以理解，显示装置10的类型包括但并不限于上述示例。当显示装置10为LCD显示装置时，可以选自VA(Vertical Alignment，垂直排列型)、TN(Twisted Nematic，扭曲向列型)及IPS(In-Plane Switching，平面转换型)中的一种。在图示实施例中，显示装置10包括偏光结构100、显示面板200、偏光模组300及背光模组400。
偏光结构100能够改善显示装置10的视角色偏。请一并参阅图2，偏光结构100包括偏光层110、补偿膜层120与保护层130。
偏光层110具有相对的入光面111与出光面113。定义第一方向垂直于入 光面111。在图示实施例中，第一方向为Z轴所在的方向。
在其中一个实施例中，偏光层110为聚乙烯醇层(PVA层)，具有偏光特性。需要说明的是，偏光层110不限于聚乙烯醇层，其他具有偏光特性的材质也能够用于偏光层110中。
补偿膜层120设置于出光面113上。通过在偏光层110的出光面113上设置补偿膜层120，不仅能够保护偏光层110，还能够在将偏光结构100设置与显示面板200上时补偿液晶分子大视角偏振光输出。
在其中一个实施例中，补偿膜层120的材质为具有双折射性能的材料。在一个实施例中，补偿膜层120的材料选自液晶薄膜材料及TAC(Triacetyl Cellulose，三醋酸纤维薄膜)材料中的一种。
请一并参阅图3和图4，保护层130用于支撑和保护偏光层110，以避免因吸水或破碎而影响偏光层110的偏光性能。保护层130包括保护层本体131与凸起133。
保护层本体131设置于入光面111上。在图示实施例中，保护层本体131具有相对的第一表面1311与第二表面1313。第一表面1311与入光面111贴合。
定义保护层本体131沿第一方向的厚度为D。在其中一个实施例中，D为20μm～200μm。
凸起133设置于保护层本体131远离入光面111的一侧上。凸起133的形状为三棱柱形。凸起133的一个侧面与保护层本体131贴合。请一并参阅图5，图5中的箭头所指的方向即为光行进的方向。通过设置三棱柱形的凸起133，使光从光疏介质(即空气)向光密介质(即保护层130)行进的过程中，光疏介质与光密介质之间形成有与光行进方向相交的交接面，以使光在行进的过程中产生折射或扩散现象，以将正视角的光能量分配至侧视角，使得在侧视角也能够呈现与正视角相同的画面品质而改善视角色偏。
在图示实施例中，第二表面1313为平面。凸起133具有依次连接的第一侧面1331、第二侧面1333和第三侧面1335。第三侧面1335与第二表面1313贴合。在一个实施例中，凸起133与保护层本体131为一体成型结构。
凸起133沿第二方向延伸。定义第二方向垂直于第一方向。在图示实施例中，第二方向为Y轴所在的方向。
定义第一侧面1331与第二表面1313之间的夹角为a1。定义第二侧面1333与第二表面1313之间的夹角为a2。在其中一个实施例中，a1为15°～75°；a2为15°～75°。通过将a1和a2设置为此范围，使得偏光结构100可以覆盖一般背光光型角度，以使光行进方向与第一侧面1331、第二侧面1333均呈相交设置，进而使得光源发射的光穿过保护层130后能够发生更大程度的 偏折，以能够更有效地改善视角色偏的问题。其中，背光光型角度即背光光源的出光角度。
在其中一个实施例中，a1为45°；a2为45°。
在其中一个实施例中，凸起133的形状为正三棱柱形。通过将凸起133设置为三棱柱形，以使一般背光光源的光行进方向与第二侧面1333呈相交设置，使得光源发射的光穿过保护层130后能够发生更大程度的偏折，进而能够更有效地改善视角色偏的问题。
定义凸起133在第一方向上的最大厚度为d。在其中一个实施例中，d为20μm～200μm。
凸起133为多个。多个凸起133间隔设置于保护层本体131远离入光面111的一侧上。在一个实施例中，多个凸起133沿第三方向排列。定义与第二方向、第一方向均垂直的方向为第三方向。在图示实施例中，第三方向为X轴所在的方向。
在其中一个实施例中，每个凸起133均具有与侧面相对的棱边1337。在图示实施例中，棱边1337为第一侧面1331与第二侧面1335的相交线。在一个实施例中，定义相邻凸起133的棱边1337在第三方向上的间距为Px1。定义每个凸起133在第三方向上的最大宽度为Lx1。在其中一个实施例中，Px1大于或等于Lx1。通过使Px1大于或等于Lx1，能够使部分非棱镜区的光直接通过，正视光能量可以维持一定的比例，以避免亮度下降过多，还能够控制大视角光能量的分配比例。
需要说明的是，相邻凸起133的棱边1337在第三方向上的间距可以均相等，也可以不完全相等，还可以完全不相同。根据实际需要进行设置。通过控制相邻凸起133的棱边1337在第三方向上的间距，以控制正视光能量不同区域的大小，进而调整光的均匀度。需要说明的是，每个凸起133在第三方向上的最大宽度可以均相等，也可以不完全相等，还可以完全不相同。根据实际需要进行设置。通过控制每个凸起133在第三方向上的最大宽度，以控制正视光能量不同区域的大小，进而调整光的均匀度。
在其中一个实施例中，保护层130的最大厚度(即D与d之和)为20μm～200μm。此种设置，使得保护层130能够保证偏光层110的耐候性，使得偏光层110不能接触外界环境，以防止湿气进入偏光层110而影响偏光层110的耐候性和偏光性能。
在其中一个实施例中，保护层130的折射率为1.0～2.5。当保护层130的折射率与空气的折射率的差异越大时，光折射的角度越大，正视角的光的能量越容易分配到侧视角，较大视角就可以看到与正视角相同的影像画质，进而改善视角色偏。
在其中一个实施例中，保护层130选自聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯层、三醋酸纤维素层及聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯层中的一种。聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(Polyethylene terephthalate，PET)在较宽的温度范围内具有优良的物理机械性能，长期使用温度可达120℃，电绝缘性优良，甚至在高温高频下，其电性能仍较好，抗蠕变性、耐疲劳性、耐摩擦性与尺寸稳定性均较好。三醋酸纤维素(Tri-cellulose Acetate，TCA)具有优良的热塑性，透明良好，机械性能较优异。聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(polymethyl methacrylate，PMMA)的透明度优良，有突出的耐老化性，抗碎裂能力强，耐腐蚀性能优异。通过设置保护层130，还能够保证偏光结构100的透光性，增强偏光结构100的机械强度和耐老化性。需要说明的是，保护层130不限于选自聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯层、三醋酸纤维素层及聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯层中的一种，也可以由其他材料构成。
在一个实施例中，偏光结构100还包括粘胶层140。粘胶层140设置于补偿膜层120远离偏光层110的一侧。通过设置粘胶层140，以使偏光结构100能够粘接于显示面板上。
在其中一个实施例中，粘胶层140为PSA层。PSA(pressure sensitive adhesive)即压敏胶，是一类具有对压力有敏感性的胶粘剂。需要说明的是，粘胶层140不限于为PSA层，还可以为其他类型的粘胶层。
显示面板200设置于偏光结构100靠近补偿膜层120的一侧。在图示实施方式中，显示面板200粘接于粘胶层140远离补偿膜层120的一侧。
在其中一个实施例中，显示面板200选自液晶显示面板、OLED显示面板(Organic Light-Emitting Diode，有机发光二极管显示面板)及QLED显示面板(Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diode，量子点发光二极管显示面板)中的一种，以使显示装置10为液晶显示装置、OLED显示装置或QLED显示装置。
在其中一个实施例中，显示面板200为未划分主像素和次像素的液晶显示面板。需要说明的是，显示面板200也可以为划分主像素和次像素的液晶显示面板。
请一并参阅图6，偏光模组300设置于显示面板200远离偏光结构100的一侧。偏光模组300包括依次层叠的光学补偿层310、偏光片320及保护膜330。
光学补偿层310设置于显示面板200远离偏光结构100的一侧。偏光片320位于光学补偿层310远离显示面板200的一侧。保护膜330位于偏光层320远离光学补偿层310的一层。光学补偿层310不仅能够支撑和保护偏光片320，还能够补偿液晶分子大视角偏振光输出。在其中一个实施例中，光学补偿层310的材质为具有双折射性能的材料。具体地，光学补偿层310的 材质选自液晶薄膜材料及TAC(三醋酸纤维薄膜)材料中的一种。
在一个实施例中，偏光模组300还包括粘接层340。粘接层340设置于光学补偿层310与显示面板200之间，以使偏光模组300与显示面板200粘接。在其中一个实施例中，粘接层340为PSA层。需要说明的是，粘接层340不限于为PSA层，还可以为其他类型的粘接层。
偏光片320的材质为聚乙烯醇。需要说明的是，偏光片320的材质不限于聚乙烯醇，其他具有偏光特性的材质也能够应用于偏光片320中。
保护膜330用于保护偏光片320，以避免因吸水或破碎而影响偏光片320的偏光性能。在其中一个实施例中，保护膜330选自PET膜、TAC膜及PET/TAC膜中的一种。其中，PET/TAC膜表示PET膜层叠于TAC膜上。需要说明的是，当保护膜330为PET/TAC膜时，可以为PET膜层叠于偏光片320上，也可以为TAC膜层叠于偏光片320上。
在一个实施例中，偏光模组300还包括功能膜360。功能膜360层叠于保护膜330远离偏光片320的一侧。功能膜360具有防眩晕和防紫外线等功能，以使显示装置10在阳光下也可视。在其中一个实施例中，功能膜360选自AG膜(Anti-stun膜，防晕眩膜)、LR膜(Low reflection膜，低反射膜)及AG/LR膜中的一种。其中，AG膜/LR膜表示LR膜层叠于AG膜上。需要说明的是，当功能膜360为AG膜/LR膜时，可以为AG膜层叠于保护膜330上，也可以为LR膜层叠于保护膜330上。
背光模组400位于偏光结构100远离显示面板200的一侧。在图示实施例中，背光模组400与偏光结构100间隔设置。
在其中一个实施例中，背光模组400为准直背光模组。准直背光模组400能够使光的能量能够集中于正视角输出，有效地提供光学利用率，降低显示装置10的能耗。
请一并参阅图7和图8，在一个实施例中，背光模组400包括反射层410、导光板420及光学膜层430。反射层410、导光板420及光学膜层430沿靠近偏光结构100的方向依次设置。通过光学膜层430与导光板420的配合，能够使背光模组400的出光为具有较高指向性的准直的光。
导光板420具有入光侧面421。入光侧面421平行于第一方向。在一个实施例中，背光模组400还包括光源440。光源440靠近导光板420设置且与入光侧面421相对。光源440的光进行方向平行于第二方向。在图示实施例中，光源440为LED阵列光源。
导光板420开设有第一导光槽423。第一导光槽423位于导光板420靠近反射层410一侧的表面上。在图示实施例中，第一导光槽423为V形槽。在一个实施例中，第一导光槽423通过V-cut(V形槽)的方式于导光板420 靠近反射层410的一侧制作形成。第一导光槽423的延伸方向平行于第三方向。在一个实施例中，第一导光槽423为多个。多个第一导光槽423沿第二方向间隔排列。
导光板420开设有第二导光槽425。第二导光槽425开设于导光板420靠近光学膜层430一侧的表面上。在图示实施例中，第二导光槽425为V形槽。在一个实施例中，第二导光槽425通过V-cut(V形槽)的方式于导光板420靠近光学膜层430的一侧制作形成。第二导光槽425的延伸方向平行于第二方向。在一个实施例中，第二导光槽425为多个。多个第二导光槽425沿第三方向间隔排列。
光学膜层430开设有多个凹槽432。多个凹槽432间隔开设于靠近导光板420的一侧的表面上。多个凹槽432均为V形槽，以使光学膜层430靠近导光板420一侧的表面形成逆棱镜结构。
在其中一个实施例中，显示装置10为曲面显示板。需要说明的是，显示装置10不限于曲面显示板，也可以为平面显示板。
上述实施方式的显示装置10至少具有如下优点：
(1)上述显示装置10的偏光结构100通过在偏光层110的出光面113上设置补偿膜层120，不仅能够支撑和保护偏光层110，还能够在将偏光结构100设置与显示面板200上时能够补偿液晶分子大视角偏振光输出；通过在偏光层110的入光面111上设置保护层130，能够支撑和保护偏光层110，以避免因吸水或破碎而影响偏光层110的偏光性能，保护层本体131远离入光面111的一侧设置有多个间隔的凸起133，每个凸起133的形状均为三棱柱形，使光从光疏介质(即空气)向光密介质(即保护层130)进行的过程中，光疏介质与光密介质之间形成有与光行进方向相交的交接面，以使光在行进的过程中产生折射或扩散现象，以将正视角的光能量分配至侧视角，使得在侧视角也能够呈现与正视角相同的画面品质而改善视角色偏，以避免在显示面板200中划分主像素和次像素来改善视角色偏，进而减少金属走线或开关元件的设置对显示面板200的穿透率的影响。
(2)上述显示装置10的偏光结构100中，相邻凸起133的棱边1337在第三方向上的间距大于或等于每个凸起133在第三方向上的最大宽度，能够使部分非棱镜区的光直接通过，正视角的光能量可以维持一定的比例，以避免亮度下降过多，还能够控制大视角光能量的分配比例。
(3)上述显示装置10的背光模组400为准直背光模组，使得光的能量能够集中于正视角输出，通过偏光结构100、偏光模组300与背光模组400的结合，能够将正视角的光型能量分配到侧视角，以解决显示装置10侧视角色偏的问题。
可以理解，粘胶层140可以省略。当粘胶层140省略时，可以在将偏光结构100组装至显示装置10时，在补偿膜层120远离偏光层110的一侧设置胶黏剂，以使偏光结构100粘接于显示面板200上。此时，胶粘剂可以为压敏胶。
可以理解，多个凸起133不限于沿第三方向排列，多个凸起133也可以呈矩阵排列。当多个凸起133呈矩阵排列时，相邻凸起133的棱边1337在第二方向上的间距大于或等于每个凸起133在第二方向上的长度。
可以理解，第二方向不限于为Y轴所在方向，也可以为X轴所在的方向。相应地，第三方向不限于为X轴所在的方向，也可以为Y轴所在方向。
请一并参阅图9和图10，另一实施方式的偏光结构与偏光结构100的结构大致相同，不同之处在于：
凸起533的形状为三棱锥形。凸起533的底面5331与保护层本体531贴合。通过设置三棱锥形的凸起533，同样能够使光从光疏介质(即空气)向光密介质(即保护层530)进行的过程中，光疏介质与光密介质之间形成有与光行进方向相交的交接面，以使光在行进的过程中产生折射或扩散现象，以将正视角的光能量分配至侧视角，使得在侧视角也能够呈现与正视角相同的画面品质而改善视角色偏。
请参阅图11，凸起533具有相交且连接的第一连接面5333、第二连接面5335及第三连接面5337。第一连接面5333、第二连接面5335及第三连接面5337均于底面5331连接。
定义第一连接面5333与第二表面5313之间的夹角为b1。定义第二连接面5335与第二表面5313之间的夹角为b2。定义第三连接面5337与第二表面5313之间的夹角为b3。在其中一个实施例中，b1为15°～75°，b2为15°～75°，b3为15°～75°。通过将b1、b2和b3设置为此范围，使得偏光结构500可以覆盖一般背光光型角度，以使光行进方向与第一连接面5333、第二连接面5335及第三连接面5337均呈相交设置，而使光源发射的光穿过保护层530后能够发生更大程度的偏折，进而能够更有效地改善视角色偏的问题。其中，背光光型角度即背光光源的出光角度。
在其中一个实施例中，b1为45°，b2为45°，b3为45°。此种设置，能够进一步改善视角射偏问题。
在其中一个实施例中，凸起533的形状为正三棱锥形。通过将凸起533设置为三棱锥形，能够使一般背光光源的光行进方向与第一连接面5333、第二连接面5335及第三连接面5337均呈相交设置，以使光源发射的光穿过保护层530后能够发生更大程度的偏折，进而能够更有效地改善视角色偏的问题。
多个凸起533呈矩阵排列。每个凸起533均具有与底面5331相对的顶点5339。请继续参阅图11，在图示实施例中，顶点5339为第一连接面5333、第二连接面5335及第三连接面5337的交点。在一个实施例中，定义相邻凸起533的顶点5339在第二方向上的间距为Py。定义每个凸起533在第二方向上的最大宽度为Ly。在其中一个实施例中，Py大于或等于Ly。通过使Py大于或等于Ly，能够使部分非棱镜区的光直接通过，正视光能量可以维持一定的比例，以避免亮度下降过多，还能够控制大视角光能量的分配比例。
需要说明的是，相邻凸起533的顶点5339在第二方向上的间距可以均相等，也可以不完全相等，还可以完全不相同。根据实际需要进行设置。通过控制相邻凸起533的顶点5339在第二方向上的间距，以控制正视光能量不同区域的大小，进而调整光的均匀度。需要说明的是，每个凸起533在第二方向上的最大宽度可以均相等，也可以不完全相等，还可以完全不相同。根据实际需要进行设置。通过控制每个凸起533在第二方向上的最大宽度，以控制正视光能量不同区域的大小，进而调整光的均匀度。
定义相邻凸起533的顶点5339在第三方向上的间距为Px2。定义每个凸起533在第三方向上的最大宽度为Lx2。在其中一个实施例中，Px2大于或等于Lx2。通过使Px2大于或等于Lx2，能够使部分非棱镜区的光直接通过，正视光能量可以维持一定的比例，以避免亮度下降过多，还能够控制大视角光能量的分配比例。
需要说明的是，相邻凸起533的顶点5339在第三方向上的间距可以均相等，也可以不完全相等，还可以完全不相同。根据实际需要进行设置。通过控制相邻凸起533的顶点5339在第三方向上的间距，以控制正视光能量不同区域的大小，进而调整光的均匀度。需要说明的是，每个凸起533在第三方向上的最大宽度可以均相等，也可以不完全相等，还可以完全不相同。根据实际需要进行设置。通过控制每个凸起533在第三方向上的最大宽度，以控制正视光能量不同区域的大小，进而调整光的均匀度。
在其中一个实施例中，相邻凸起533的顶点5339在第二方向上的间距大于或等于每个凸起533在第二方向上的最大宽度，且相邻凸起533的顶点5339在第三方向上的间距大于或等于每个凸起533在第三方向上的最大宽度。
另一实施方式的偏光结构至少具有如下优点：
上述偏光结构的凸起533的形状为三棱锥形，每个凸起533的底面5331与保护层本体531贴合，能够使光从光疏介质(即空气)向光密介质(即保护层530)进行的过程中，光疏介质与光密介质之间形成有与光行进方向相交的交接面，以使光在行进的过程中产生折射或扩散现象，以将正视角的光能量分配至侧视角，使得在侧视角也能够呈现与正视角相同的画面品质而改 善视角色偏，矩阵排列的三棱锥形的凸起533还能够更有效地将正视角的光能量分配到二维方向，使得全视角观赏更为均匀。上述偏光结构无需将显示面板的像素分为主像素和次像素即可改善视角色偏。
(2)上述偏光结构的相邻凸起533的顶点5339在第二方向上的间距大于或等于每个凸起533在第二方向上的最大宽度，且相邻凸起533的顶点5339在第三方向上的间距大于或等于每个凸起533在第三方向上的最大宽度，通过使Py大于或等于Ly，Px2大于或等于Lx2，能够使部分非棱镜区的光直接通过，正视光能量可以维持一定的比例，以避免亮度下降过多，还能够控制大视角光能量的分配比例。
以下为具体实施例部分：
在其中一个实施例中，显示装置可以为LCD显示装置(Liquid Crystal Display，液晶显示装置)、OLED(Organic Light-Emitting Diode，有机发光二极管)显示装置、QLED(Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diode，量子点发光二极管)显示装置等，同时，显示装置可以为平面显示装置或曲面显示装置。可以理解，显示装置的类型包括但并不限于上述示例。当显示装置为LCD显示装置时，可以为VA(Vertical Alignment liquid crystal，垂直排列液晶型)、TN(Twisted Nematic，扭曲向列型)或者IPS(In-Plane Switching，平面转换型)等LCD显示装置。以显示装置为VA型液晶驱动为例。显示面板为未划分主像素和次像素的液晶显示面板。采用视角量测仪装置测定该显示装置在正视角和侧视角下亮度随灰阶的变化，测定结果见图12a)。从图12a)可以看出，该显示装置在侧视角亮度随电压快速饱和(如箭头a-1所指的曲线)造成视角色偏相较于正视角(如箭头a-2所指的曲线)严重恶化。
在其中一个实施例中，显示装置可以为LCD显示装置(Liquid Crystal Display，液晶显示装置)、OLED(Organic Light-Emitting Diode，有机发光二极管)显示装置、QLED(Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diode，量子点发光二极管)显示装置等，同时，显示装置可以为平面显示装置或曲面显示装置。可以理解，显示装置的类型包括但并不限于上述示例。当显示装置为LCD显示装置时，可以为VA(Vertical Alignment，垂直排列型)、TN(Twisted Nematic，扭曲向列型)或者IPS(In-Plane Switching，平面转换型)等LCD显示装置。以显示装置为VA型液晶驱动为例。显示面板为划分主像素和次像素的液晶显示面板，将原信号分成大电压信号(即Part A)和小电压信号(即Part B)。采用视角量测仪装置测定该显示装置在正视角和侧视角下亮度随灰阶的变化，测定结果见图12b)。从图12b)可以看出，该显示装置在大电压下侧视角 的亮度随灰阶变化如箭头b-1所指的曲线，小电压下侧视角的亮度随灰阶变化如箭头b-2所指的曲线，大电压与小电压合起来得到侧视角的亮度随灰阶变化如箭头b-3所指的曲线，较为贴近正视角的亮度随灰阶变化的关系(如箭头b-4所指的曲线)，因此，侧视角的亮度随信号变化关系接近正视角的时原信号亮度随信号变化，使得视角色偏获得改善。
在其中一个实施例中，本实施例的偏光结构的结构与偏光结构100的相同，保护层为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯层，a1为45°，a2为45°。
在其中一个实施例中，本实施例的偏光结构的结构与偏光结构100的相同，保护层为三醋酸纤维素层，a1为45°，a2为45°。
在其中一个实施例中，本实施例的偏光结构的结构与偏光结构100的相同，保护层为聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯层，a1为45°，a2为45°。
在其中一个实施例中，本实施例的偏光结构的结构与偏光结构100的相同，保护层为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯层，b1为45°，b2为45°，b3为45°。
在其中一个实施例中，请一并参阅图9～11，本实施例的偏光结构与另一实施方式的偏光结构相同，保护层为三醋酸纤维素层，b1为45°，b2为45°，b3为45°。
在其中一个实施例中，请一并参阅图9～11，本实施例的偏光结构与另一实施方式的偏光结构相同，保护层为聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯层，b1为45°，b2为45°，b3为45°。
在其中一个实施例中，请一并参阅图9～11，本实施例的偏光结构与偏光结构500的结构大致相同，不同之处在于，偏光结构的保护层仅包括保护层本体，未设置凸起。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干 变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种偏光结构，包括：
    偏光层，具有相对的入光面与出光面；
    补偿膜层，设置于所述出光面上；及
    保护层，包括保护层本体及凸起，所述保护层本体设置于所述入光面上，所述凸起为多个，多个所述凸起间隔设置于所述保护层本体远离所述入光面的一侧上；其中，每个所述凸起的形状选自三棱柱形及三棱锥形中的一种；每个所述凸起的形状为三棱柱形时，每个所述凸起的一个侧面与所述保护层本体贴合；每个所述凸起的形状为三棱锥形时，每个所述凸起的底面与所述保护层本体贴合。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的偏光结构，其中，第一方向垂直于所述入光面，第二方向垂直于所述第一方向，所述凸起为三棱柱形时，所述凸起沿所述第二方向延伸，第三方向与所述第二方向、所述第一方向均垂直，多个所述凸起的排列方式选自沿所述第三方向排列及呈矩阵排列中的一种。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的偏光结构，其中，每个所述凸起均具有与所述侧面相对的棱边，相邻所述凸起的所述棱边在所述第三方向的间距大于或等于每个所述凸起在所述第三方向上的最大宽度。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的偏光结构，其中，所述凸起为三棱锥形时，多个所述凸起呈矩阵排列。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的偏光结构，其中，第一方向垂直于所述入光面，第二方向与第三方向相互垂直，且均垂直于所述第一方向，每个所述凸起均具有与所述底面相对的顶点，相邻所述凸起的所述顶点在所述第二方向上的间距大于或等于每个所述凸起在第二方向上的最大宽度，相邻所述凸起的所述顶点在所述第三方向上的间距大于或等于每个所述凸起在所述第三方向上的最大宽度。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的偏光结构，其中，所述偏光层为聚乙烯醇层。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的偏光结构，其中，所述补偿膜层的材质为具有双折射性能的材料。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的偏光结构，其中，所述保护层的折射率为1.0～2.5。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的偏光结构，其中，所述保护层选自聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯层、三醋酸纤维素层及聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯层中的一种。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的偏光结构，其中，所述保护层的最大厚度为20μm～200μm。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的偏光结构，其中，每个所述棱镜部的形状为 正三棱柱形。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的偏光结构，其中，每个所述棱镜部的形状为正三棱锥形。
  13. 一种偏光结构，包括：
    偏光层，具有相对的入光面与出光面，所述偏光层为聚乙烯醇层；
    补偿膜层，设置于所述出光面上，所述补偿膜层的材质为具有双折射性能的材料；及
    保护层，包括保护层本体及凸起，所述保护层本体设置于所述入光面上，所述凸起为多个，多个所述凸起间隔设置于所述保护层本体远离所述入光面的一侧上，所述保护层的折射率为1.0～2.5；
    其中，每个所述凸起的形状选自三棱柱形及三棱锥形中的一种；每个所述凸起的形状为三棱柱形时，每个所述凸起的一个侧面与所述保护层本体贴合，第一方向垂直于所述入光面，第二方向垂直于所述第一方向，所述凸起沿所述第二方向延伸，第三方向与所述第二方向、所述第一方向均垂直，多个所述凸起的排列方式选自沿所述第三方向排列及呈矩阵排列中的一种；每个所述凸起的形状为三棱锥形，每个所述凸起的底面与所述保护层本体贴合，多个所述凸起呈矩阵排列。
  14. 一种显示装置，包括偏光结构，所述偏光结构包括：
    偏光层，具有相对的入光面与出光面；
    补偿膜层，设置于所述出光面上；及
    保护层，包括保护层本体及凸起，所述保护层本体设置于所述入光面上，所述凸起为多个，多个所述凸起间隔设置于所述保护层本体远离所述入光面的一侧上；其中，每个所述凸起的形状选自三棱柱形及三棱锥形中的一种；每个所述凸起的形状为三棱柱形时，每个所述凸起的一个侧面与所述保护层本体贴合；每个所述凸起的形状为三棱锥形时，每个所述凸起的底面与所述保护层本体贴合。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的显示装置，其中，还包括显示面板、偏光模组及背光模组，所述显示面板设置于所述偏光结构靠近所述补偿膜层的一侧，所述偏光模组设置于所述显示面板远离所述偏光结构的一侧，所述背光模组位于所述偏光结构远离所述显示面板的一侧。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的显示装置，其中，所述偏光结构还包括粘胶层，所述粘胶层设置于所述补偿膜层远离所述偏光层的一侧，所述显示面板粘接于所述粘胶层远离所述补偿膜层的一侧。
  17. 根据权利要求15所述的显示装置，其中，所述显示面板选自液晶显示面板、有机发光二极管显示面板及量子点发光二极管显示面板中的一种。
  18. 根据权利要求15所述的显示装置，其中，所述偏光模组包括依次层叠的光学补偿层、偏光片及保护膜，所述光学补偿层位于所述显示面板远离所述偏光结构的一侧，所述偏光片位于所述光学补偿层远离所述显示面板的一层，所述保护膜位于所述偏光片远离所述光学补偿层的一层。
  19. 根据权利要求15所述的显示装置，其中，所述背光模组为准直背光模组。
  20. 根据权利要求15所述的显示装置，其中，所述背光模组包括反射层、导光板及光学膜片，所述反射层、所述导光板及所述光学膜片向靠近所述偏光结构的方向依次层叠设置，所述光学膜片靠近所述偏光结构设置。
PCT/CN2018/120646 2018-09-30 2018-12-12 偏光结构及显示装置 WO2020062600A1 (zh)

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