WO2020062584A1 - 偏光结构及显示装置 - Google Patents

偏光结构及显示装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020062584A1
WO2020062584A1 PCT/CN2018/119652 CN2018119652W WO2020062584A1 WO 2020062584 A1 WO2020062584 A1 WO 2020062584A1 CN 2018119652 W CN2018119652 W CN 2018119652W WO 2020062584 A1 WO2020062584 A1 WO 2020062584A1
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Prior art keywords
dielectric film
film
polarizing
refractive index
light
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PCT/CN2018/119652
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
康志聪
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惠科股份有限公司
重庆惠科金渝光电科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2020062584A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020062584A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of display technology, and in particular, to a polarizing structure and a display device.
  • the display device is generally composed of a backlight module and a display panel placed on the backlight module.
  • the backlight module provides incident light for the display panel.
  • the incident light is usually concentrated and incident on the display panel. Therefore, when viewing the display screen in the frontal direction, It can obtain better display image quality, but when viewing the display screen in the side view direction, the image quality is poor and the color cast is more serious, which makes the viewing angle of normal display smaller.
  • a sub-pixel in a filter is again divided into a plurality of sub-pixels to improve the image quality of a side viewing angle, thereby expanding the viewing angle.
  • this method requires more TFT (Thin Film Transistor) elements to drive the sub-pixels. This will inevitably increase the metal traces inside the panel, causing the light-transmissive area to become smaller, affecting the light transmittance of the panel and affecting Picture quality.
  • TFT Thin Film Transistor
  • a polarizing structure capable of improving a display angle of a display device with a small display angle and poor side-view image quality without increasing costs is provided.
  • a display device is provided.
  • a polarizing structure includes:
  • Polarizing film having a light incident surface and a light emitting surface
  • optical compensation film formed on the light emitting surface; wherein the optical compensation film includes a first dielectric film and a second dielectric film;
  • the first dielectric film is formed on the light emitting surface; the second dielectric film is formed on the first dielectric film; and
  • a first refractive index of the first dielectric film is smaller than a second refractive index of the second dielectric film; the first dielectric film is provided with a plurality of preset shapes on a surface in contact with the second dielectric film.
  • a groove, the angle between the side surface of the groove and the light incident surface is an acute angle; the second dielectric film is provided with a plurality of recesses on a surface contacting the first dielectric film; A raised structure that matches the shape and size of the groove.
  • a polarizing structure includes:
  • Polarizing film having a light incident surface and a light emitting surface
  • optical compensation film formed on the light emitting surface; wherein the optical compensation film includes a first dielectric film and a second dielectric film;
  • the first dielectric film is formed on the light emitting surface; the second dielectric film is formed on the first dielectric film; the first dielectric film is a negative single optical axis compensation film, and the first refraction Is a normal refractive index of the negative single optical axis compensation film, the negative single optical axis compensation film includes a disk-shaped liquid crystal molecule, and an optical axis of the disk-shaped liquid crystal molecule is perpendicular to the light incident surface; and
  • a first refractive index of the first dielectric film is smaller than a second refractive index of the second dielectric film; the first dielectric film is provided with a plurality of triangular pyramid shapes on a surface in contact with the second dielectric film. An angle between the side of the triangular pyramid-shaped groove and the light incident surface is an acute angle; the second dielectric film is provided with a plurality of contact surfaces on the surface in contact with the first dielectric film.
  • the triangular pyramid-shaped groove structure is matched with the triangular pyramid-shaped convex structure.
  • a display device includes:
  • a backlight module configured to provide a light source
  • a display panel which is placed above the backlight module and is set as a display screen
  • the display panel includes a polarizing structure, and the polarizing structure includes:
  • Polarizing film having a light incident surface and a light emitting surface
  • optical compensation film formed on the light emitting surface; wherein the optical compensation film includes a first dielectric film and a second dielectric film;
  • the first dielectric film is formed on the light emitting surface; the second dielectric film is formed on the first dielectric film;
  • a first refractive index of the first dielectric film is smaller than a second refractive index of the second dielectric film; the first dielectric film is provided with a plurality of preset shapes on a surface in contact with the second dielectric film.
  • a groove, the angle between the side surface of the groove and the light incident surface is an acute angle; the second dielectric film is provided with a plurality of recesses on a surface contacting the first dielectric film; A raised structure that matches the shape and size of the groove.
  • the above-mentioned polarizing structure and display device are provided with an optical compensation film having a first dielectric film and a second dielectric film, and the first refractive index is smaller than the second refractive index, that is, light enters the optical compensation film from the light incident surface of the polarizing film.
  • the first dielectric film in the middle enters the second dielectric film, it enters the light dense from the photophosphine, so the phenomenon of refraction occurs at the contact interface between the two films, which deflects the light.
  • a convex structure is formed on the side of the second dielectric film that is in contact with the first dielectric film. The side of the convex structure forms an acute angle with the light incident surface.
  • the incident angle formed by the surface of the structure is less than 90 °, so a refraction phenomenon occurs, which deflects the vertically incident light, so that the energy of the positive viewing angle is distributed to the side viewing angle, and the image quality of the side viewing angle is improved.
  • the entire polarizing structure does not use additional metal traces, there is no problem that affects the transmittance of light and further affects the image quality.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a polarizing structure according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the composition of the optical compensation film in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a composition of a polarizing structure in another embodiment
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a second dielectric film in an embodiment
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a second dielectric film in another embodiment
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a display device according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a composition of the display panel in FIG. 6; FIG.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a composition of a polarizing structure in still another embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a polarizing structure according to an embodiment. See also Figure 2 for assistance.
  • a polarizing structure may include a polarizing film 10 and an optical compensation film 20.
  • the polarizing film 10 has a light incident surface and a light emitting surface.
  • the light incident surface is a surface that receives incident light.
  • Light enters the polarizing film 10 from the incident surface and exits from the light emitting surface.
  • the optical compensation film 20 is formed on a light emitting surface of the polarizing film 10.
  • the optical compensation film 20 may include a first dielectric film 210 and a second dielectric film 220; the first dielectric film 210 is formed on a light emitting surface of the polarizing film 10; and the second dielectric film 220 is formed on the first dielectric film 210.
  • the first refractive index of the first dielectric film 210 is smaller than the second refractive index of the second dielectric film 220.
  • the first dielectric film 210 is provided with a plurality of grooves 211 having a predetermined shape on a surface in contact with the second dielectric film 220.
  • the angle between the side surface of the groove 211 and the light incident surface is ⁇ , and ⁇ is an acute angle. 0 ° ⁇ ⁇ 90 ° is satisfied.
  • the angle between the side of the groove 211 and the light incident surface is set to an acute angle, so that when light enters the first dielectric film 210 from the light incident surface and exits from the light emitting surface, it will be generated by the groove 211 opened on the light emitting surface. Refraction phenomenon.
  • the second dielectric film 220 is provided with a plurality of protruding structures 221 on the surface in contact with the first dielectric film 210 that match the shape and size of the groove 211. That is, the first dielectric film 210 and the second dielectric film 220 can be completely bonded by the convex structure 221 and the groove 211.
  • the second dielectric film 220 has a second refractive index n2, the first dielectric film 210 has a first refractive index n1, and the first refractive index n1 is smaller than the second refractive index n2.
  • first dielectric film 210 When light penetrates the first dielectric film 210 and enters the second dielectric film 220, it enters the light dense from the photophosphine, so refraction occurs at the contact interface between the first dielectric film 210 and the second dielectric film 220.
  • the first dielectric film 210 and the second dielectric film 220 with different refractive indexes are arranged in A convex structure 221 is provided on the side of the second dielectric film 220 that is in contact with the first dielectric film 210.
  • the surface characteristics of the convex structure 221 will be combined with The surface of the convex structure 221 is refracted, changes the propagation path of the vertically incident light, and deflects the light, so that the light energy of the normal viewing angle is distributed to the large viewing angle, and the image quality of the side viewing angle is improved.
  • the optical compensation film 20 having the first dielectric film 210 and the second dielectric film 220 since the optical compensation film 20 having the first dielectric film 210 and the second dielectric film 220 is provided, and the first refractive index is smaller than the second refractive index, that is, light enters the optical compensation from the light incident surface of the polarizing film 10.
  • the first dielectric film 210 in the film 20 enters the second dielectric film 220 afterwards, it enters the light dense from the photophosphine, so a refraction phenomenon occurs at the contact interface between the two films, and the light is deflected.
  • a convex structure 221 is formed on the side of the second dielectric film 220 that is in contact with the first dielectric film 210.
  • the sides of the convex structure 221 and the light incident surface form an included angle to form an acute angle, and perpendicularly incident light enters the second dielectric film.
  • the incident angle formed on the surface of the convex structure 221 is less than 90 °, so a refraction phenomenon occurs, which deflects the vertically incident light, thereby distributing the energy of the positive viewing angle to the side viewing angle and improving the image quality of the side viewing angle.
  • the entire polarizing structure does not use additional metal traces, there is no problem that affects the transmittance of light and further affects the image quality.
  • a plurality of protruding structures 221 are provided on a surface of the second dielectric film 220 in contact with the first dielectric film 210.
  • the plurality of protruding structures 221 are V-shaped strip-shaped protruding structures, which can also be understood as triangular prism strip structures, and the multiple triangular prism strip structures are parallel to each other.
  • One side surface of the triangular prism strip structure is in contact with a side where the second dielectric film 220 and the first dielectric film 210 are in contact, and a contact surface between the second dielectric film 220 and the first dielectric film 210 is also a light incident surface.
  • the first selectable range of ⁇ may be 0 ° ⁇ ⁇ 90 °
  • the second selectable range may be 15 ° ⁇ ⁇ 75 °.
  • the first selectable range of ⁇ may be 0 ° ⁇ ⁇ 90 °, and the second selectable range may be 15 ° ⁇ ⁇ 75 °.
  • Setting a certain angle between the side surface of the raised structure 221 and the light incident surface can make the refraction effect easier when the incident light passes through the side surface, so that the light energy of the positive viewing angle is more diffused to the side viewing angle, and the side viewing angle is improved. Viewing quality.
  • the plurality of raised structures 221 may be distributed in a two-dimensional matrix array on the light incident surface of the second dielectric film 220.
  • the protruding structure 221 is a triangular pyramidal protrusion.
  • the protruding structure 221 when it is a triangular pyramidal protrusion, it may have the same cross section as the triangular prism strip structure.
  • the bottom surface of the triangular pyramid is in contact with the light incident surface of the second dielectric film 220, and a certain angle is formed between the other side surfaces and the light incident surface of the second dielectric film 220. Because it has the same cross-section as the triangular prism strip structure, the included angle here is also ⁇ in FIG. 1. Since the included angle formed between the side surface of the groove 120 and the light incident surface of the first dielectric film 210 is an acute angle, ⁇ is an acute angle.
  • the convex structures 221 are triangular prism-shaped convex structures and are arranged side by side, only one-dimensional direction of refraction occurs, so that light is scattered to both sides of the inclined surface of the triangular prism;
  • a triangular pyramid is in a two-dimensional matrix array, it will be refracted in a two-dimensional plane, making the light diverge to various angles of the two-dimensional plane, so that each angle of view can present better image quality.
  • the incident angle of the vertically incident light on the surface of the convex structure 221 is ⁇ , 0 ⁇ ⁇ 90 ° Therefore, the light will be refracted with a refraction angle of ⁇ . Since the light enters the second dielectric film 220 (optical density) having the first refractive index from the first dielectric film 210 (optically dense) having the second refractive index, Therefore, ⁇ is larger than ⁇ , that is, the light propagation path is changed, and the light R1 deviates from the original normal incidence direction and diverges to the side.
  • the value range of the first refractive index n1 is 1.0 ⁇ n1 ⁇ 2.5
  • the value range of the second refractive index n2 is 1.0 ⁇ n1 ⁇ 2.5.
  • a selectable value range of m is 0.01 ⁇ m ⁇ 2.
  • the protrusion structure 221 of the second dielectric film 220 is a triangular prism strip structure (V-shaped strip protrusion structure)
  • the distance between adjacent triangular prism protrusions in the first direction is greater than or equal to the triangular prism
  • the length of the protrusion in the first direction is the first direction, and can also be understood as the extending direction along the X axis.
  • the surface of the second dielectric film in contact with the first dielectric film is rectangular.
  • the triangular prism may be a regular triangular prism, or it may not be a regular triangular prism; the sizes of the multiple triangular prisms may be the same or different.
  • the plurality of triangular prism protruding structures 221 are parallel to each other on a surface where the second dielectric film 220 and the first dielectric film 210 contact. As shown in FIG. 2, Px is the distance between adjacent triangular prism strip structures, Lx is the length of the triangular prism strip structures in the first direction, and Px and Lx satisfy: Px ⁇ Lx.
  • the protrusion structure 221 is a triangular pyramid protrusion structure, since it can have the same cross-section as a triangular prism protrusion, therefore, referring to FIG. 2 and FIG. 5 at the same time, adjacent triangular pyramid protrusions
  • the distance of the structure 221 in the first direction is greater than or equal to the length of the triangular pyramidal protrusion structure 221 in the first direction; the distance of the adjacent triangular pyramidal protrusion structure 221 in the second direction is greater than or equal to the triangular pyramidal protrusion structure
  • the length of 221 in the second direction, where the surface of the second dielectric film in contact with the first dielectric film is rectangular, and the extending direction of the shorter side of the two-dimensional matrix is the first direction, which can also be understood as the length along the X axis.
  • Extension direction the extension direction of the longer side of the two-dimensional matrix is the second direction, which can be understood as the extension direction along the Y axis.
  • the triangular prism may be a regular triangular pyramid, or may not be a regular triangular pyramid.
  • the sizes of the multiple triangular pyramids may be the same or different. It can be understood that the shape, size, and size of the groove can be changed without departing from the core principle of the application to meet the actual needs of those skilled in the art. As shown in FIG.
  • Px is the distance in the first direction of adjacent triangular pyramidal protrusion structures 221; Py is the distance in the second direction of adjacent triangular pyramidal protrusion structures 221; Lx is triangular pyramidal protrusions The length of the structure 221 in the first direction; Ly is the length of the triangular pyramidal protrusion structure 221 in the second direction.
  • Px, Py, Lx, and Ly satisfy: Px ⁇ Lx; Py ⁇ Ly.
  • Px> Lx, Py> Ly there are gaps between adjacent convex structures 221, that is, the convex structures 221 are distributed in a two-dimensional matrix array.
  • space and protrusion can be used Disperse the vertically incident light toward the side, further distribute the energy of the frontal light to the side viewing angle, and improve the image quality of the side viewing angle.
  • a plurality of V-shaped strip-shaped convex structures may also be distributed in a two-dimensional matrix array, and the arrangement in two dimensions may refer to the front triangular pyramid convex structure. The description is not repeated here. Due to the space between adjacent convex structures, the convex junctions are distributed in a two-dimensional matrix array.
  • light propagates from optically dense to light dense vertical incident light can be diffused toward the side by means of the interval and convexity.
  • the front-view light energy is further allocated to the side viewing angle to improve the image quality of the side viewing angle.
  • the optical compensation film 20 may be a single optical axis optical compensation film made of a light-transmissive transparent or translucent material and having a function of phase compensation.
  • the optical compensation film 20 is filled with liquid crystal, and the liquid crystal is birefringent. Material, when the light enters the liquid crystal, it will be refracted into normal light and abnormal light.
  • the refractive index of the normal light is the normal refractive index
  • the refractive index of the abnormal light is the abnormal refractive index
  • the direction of the abnormal refractive index is the direction of the electric field and the liquid crystal light.
  • the axis is parallel.
  • the direction of the normal refractive index is the direction in which the electric field is perpendicular to the optical axis of the liquid crystal.
  • the optical compensation film 20 may include a first dielectric film 210 and a second dielectric film 220.
  • the first dielectric film 210 may be a negative single optical axis compensation film, and may specifically be a negative single optical axis C-compensation film.
  • the normal refractive index of the negative single optical axis C-compensation film is parallel to all directions of the light emitting surface. .
  • Negative uniaxial C-compensation film can be filled with dish-shaped liquid crystal molecules, the dish-shaped liquid crystal molecules are dish-shaped liquid crystals, the optical axis of the dish-shaped liquid crystal is perpendicular to the light incident surface, and the abnormal refractive index of the dish-shaped liquid crystal nce (extraordinary refractive index) ) Direction is parallel to the optical axis of the dish-shaped liquid crystal, and the normal refractive index nco (ordinary refractive index) direction of the dish-shaped liquid crystal is perpendicular to the direction of the abnormal refractive index (extraordinary refractive index), that is, the normal refractive index nco of the dish-shaped liquid crystal is parallel On the incident surface, and nco> nce.
  • the second dielectric film 220 may be a positive single optical axis compensation film, and specifically may be a positive single optical axis A-compensation film, which also has an abnormal refractive index and a normal refractive index;
  • the positive single optical axis A-compensation film may be internally Filled with nematic liquid crystal molecules, nematic liquid crystal molecules are long rod-shaped liquid crystals, the optical axis of the nematic liquid crystal is parallel to the light incident surface, the abnormal refractive index nae direction of the nematic liquid crystal and the optical axis of the nematic liquid crystal Parallel, that is, the abnormal refractive index nae direction of the nematic liquid crystal is parallel to the light incident surface, the normal refractive index nao direction of the nematic liquid crystal is perpendicular to the abnormal refractive index nae direction, and nae> nao; in this embodiment, the first The refractive index is the abnormal refractive index
  • the refractive index of the first dielectric film 210 may be 1.0-2.5, and the refractive index here is also a normal refractive index, that is, nco (ordinary refractive index).
  • the abnormal refractive index (second refractive index) of the second dielectric film 220 is larger than the normal refractive index (first refractive index) of the first dielectric film 210.
  • the first dielectric film 210 is an optically sparse medium relative to the second dielectric film 220
  • the second dielectric film 220 is an optically dense medium relative to the first dielectric film 210.
  • the range of the difference between the abnormal refractive index of the second dielectric film 220 and the normal refractive index of the first dielectric film 210 is optionally 0.01-2.
  • the polarizing film 10 has an absorption axis and a transmission axis, and polarized light having a polarization direction parallel to the transmission axis can pass through the polarizing film 10.
  • the optical axis (optical axis of the liquid crystal) of the optical compensation film 20 may be parallel to the transmission axis of the polarizing film 10, and the incident light passes through the optical compensation film 20.
  • the subsequent polarization direction is parallel to the transmission axis of the polarizing film 10, so it can completely pass through the polarizing film 10.
  • the optical compensation film 20 since the optical compensation film 20 also has a phase compensation function, in addition to using the optical compensation film 20 to deflect incident light at the interface to expand the viewing angle and enhance the quality of the side viewing angle, it can also perform phase compensation. effect.
  • polyvinyl alcohol is usually used as a polarizing film, and polyvinyl alcohol has extremely strong hydrophilicity. In order to protect the physical properties of the polarizing film, it mainly absorbs and penetrates polarized light. Polarized light in this application
  • the membrane 10 is selected from products currently used in the market. The penetration axis is parallel to the 0/180 degree direction, and the absorption axis is parallel to the 90/270 degree direction.
  • a layer of triacetate cellulose support film is required on both sides of the polarizer.
  • the triacetate cellulose support film has high light transmittance, good water resistance and certain mechanical strength, and can protect the polarizer.
  • the first dielectric film 210 and the second dielectric film 220 can both perform phase compensation and Deflecting light can also serve as a protective layer to protect the polarizing film 10, so the triacetate cellulose support film on the light-emitting side of the polarizer can be omitted in the polarizing plate, which is beneficial to the thin design of the product.
  • the thickness of the first dielectric film 210 and the thickness of the second dielectric film 220 ie, D + d in FIG. 2 need to meet a suitable thickness to achieve the protective effect on the polarizing film.
  • a polarizing structure may include a polarizing film 10, an optical compensation film 20, and a protective film 30.
  • the polarizing film 10 has a light incident surface and a light emitting surface.
  • the optical compensation film 20 is formed on a light emitting surface of the polarizing film 10.
  • the protective film 30 is provided on the light incident surface of the polarizing film 10 and is configured to support and protect the polarizing film 10.
  • the optical compensation film 20 may include a first dielectric film 210 and a second dielectric film 220; the first dielectric film 210 is formed on a light emitting surface of the polarizing film 10; and the second dielectric film 220 is formed on the first dielectric film 210.
  • the first refractive index of the first dielectric film 210 is smaller than the second refractive index of the second dielectric film 220.
  • the first dielectric film 210 is provided with a plurality of grooves 211 having a predetermined shape on a surface in contact with the second dielectric film 220, and an included angle between a side surface of the groove 211 and the light incident surface is an acute angle.
  • the second dielectric film 220 is provided with a plurality of protruding structures 221 on the surface in contact with the first dielectric film 210 that match the shape and size of the groove 211.
  • the material of the protective film 30 may include, but is not limited to, any one of a polyethylene terephthalate film, a cellulose triacetate film, or a polymethyl methacrylate film.
  • PET Polyethylene terephthalate
  • amorphous PET plastic has good optical transparency.
  • PET plastic has excellent abrasion resistance, dimensional stability, and electrical insulation.
  • TAC Triacetyl Cellulose
  • PMMA Polymethyl Methacrylate
  • the thickness of the protective film 30 should ensure that the weather resistance of the polarizing film 10 is not affected, protect the polarizing film 10 from contacting the external environment, and prevent moisture from entering the polarizing film 10 .
  • the polarizing structure may further include a pressure-sensitive adhesive 40 disposed on the second dielectric film 220, which is mainly configured to adhere the polarizing structure to other components.
  • the first dielectric film 210 is a negative single optical axis C-compensation film
  • the groove 211 of the first dielectric film 210 is a V-shaped strip groove
  • the second dielectric film 220 The convex structure 221 is a V-shaped strip-shaped protrusion.
  • the transmission axis of the polarizing film 10 is parallel to the 0/180 ° direction
  • the absorption axis is parallel to the 90/270 ° direction.
  • the perspective improvement principle of the present application is briefly described: The light passes through the lower polarizer before entering the display panel.
  • the lower polarizer has the function of absorbing and penetrating polarized light.
  • the light After entering the lower polarizer, the light can be divided into horizontally polarized and vertically polarized light. Because of the polarizing film used in this application The transmission axis of 10 is parallel to the direction of 0/180 °, so here only the interface of the medium through which the light of the horizontal polarization component passes.
  • the equivalent refractive index of the light R0 of the horizontal polarization component on the negative single optical axis C-compensating film is nco (ordinary, refractive index, normal refractive index).
  • the horizontally polarized light is at the interface between the two media (that is, the V-shaped strip in Figure 2) (Bulge) occurs from the optically sparse medium into the light-tight medium (nae> nco).
  • the acute angle formed between the convex structure 221 of the second dielectric film 220 and the light incident surface a refraction effect is generated to produce the outgoing light R1, forming a positive Optical phenomenon of large viewing angles with light type energy distribution.
  • the light energy of the positive viewing angle is allocated to the side viewing angle, and the problem of color cast is improved.
  • the transmission axis is parallel to the 90/270 ° direction
  • the absorption axis is parallel to the 0/180 ° direction.
  • the light passes through the lower polarizer before entering the display panel.
  • the lower polarizer has the function of absorbing and penetrating polarized light. After entering the lower polarizer, the light can be divided into horizontally polarized and vertically polarized light. Since the transmission axis of the polarizing film 10 used here is parallel to the 90/270 ° direction, only the medium interface through which the light of the vertical polarization component passes is focused here.
  • the light of the vertical polarization component passes through the polarization axis of the polarizing film 10 in the direction of 90/270 ° (horizontal polarized light is absorbed by the polarization axis of the polarizing film 10 in the direction of 0/180 °), which is equivalent to the negative single optical axis C-compensation film
  • the refractive index is nco (ordinary refreactive index, normal refractive index).
  • the light of the vertical polarization component passes through the negative single optical axis C-compensation film and then passes through the positive single optical axis A-compensation film (corresponding to the positive single optical axis A-
  • the refractive index of the compensation film is nae), so the vertically polarized light enters the light-dense medium (nae> nco) from the light-sparse medium to the light-dense medium (the V-shaped strip-shaped protrusions in FIG. 2).
  • the acute angle formed between the convex structure 221 and the light incident surface of the second dielectric film 220 produces a refraction effect, forming a positive viewing angle optical type energy distribution and a large viewing angle optical phenomenon. It is also possible to achieve the problem of color misregistration by allocating the light energy of the positive viewing angle to the side viewing angle through the above principle.
  • the polarizing structure may include: a polarizing film having a light incident surface and a light emitting surface; an optical compensation film formed on the light emitting surface of the polarizing film; wherein the optical compensation film includes a first dielectric film and A second dielectric film; a first dielectric film is formed on the light-emitting surface of the polarizing film; a second dielectric film is formed on the first dielectric film; a first refractive index of the first dielectric film is smaller than a second refractive index of the second dielectric film;
  • the first dielectric film is provided with a plurality of triangular pyramid-shaped grooves on a surface in contact with the second dielectric film, and an angle between a side surface of the triangular pyramid-shaped grooves and the light incident surface is an acute angle;
  • the film is provided on the surface in contact with the first dielectric film with a plurality of triangular pyramid-shaped convex structures matching the shape and size of the triangular pyramid-shaped groove.
  • incident light perpendicular to the optical compensation film can be generated. Refraction, so as to distribute the light energy from the positive angle of view to the side angle of view, thereby solving the problem of color cast.
  • the entire polarizing structure does not use additional metal traces, there is no problem that affects the transmittance of light and further affects the image quality.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a display device according to an embodiment.
  • the present application also discloses a total display device including a backlight module 5 and a display panel 1 disposed above the backlight module.
  • the backlight module 5 is configured to provide incident light R0 (not labeled in FIG. 6).
  • the incident light R0 is incident on the display panel 1 in a concentrated manner.
  • the divergent direction of the incident light R0 is at a small angle with the direction perpendicular to the display panel 1. Less than 30 °, most of the light received by the display panel 1 is perpendicularly incident light.
  • the backlight module 5 may include an edge-lit LED light source 51, a reflection sheet 52, a light guide plate 53 and the like.
  • the upper and lower surfaces of the light guide plate 53 are provided with long V-shaped grooves.
  • the side walls of the V-shaped grooves on the lower surface of the light guide plate 53 are parallel to the side-type light source 51, and the V-shaped grooves on the upper surface of the light guide plate 53 and the V-shaped grooves on the lower surface. Set up perpendicular to each other.
  • the display panel 1 may be, for example, a TFT-LCD (Thin Film Transistor Liquid Crystal Displayer) display panel 1, an OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) display panel 1, or a QLED (Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diodes). , Quantum dot light emitting diode) display panel 1, curved display panel 1 or other display panel 1.
  • TFT-LCD Thin Film Transistor Liquid Crystal Displayer
  • OLED Organic Light-Emitting Diode
  • QLED Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diodes
  • Quantum dot light emitting diode Quantum dot light emitting diode
  • This embodiment uses the display panel 1 as a TFT-LCD display panel 1 as an example for description. As shown in FIG.
  • the display panel 1 includes an upper polarizing plate 1000, a lower polarizing plate 2000, an upper substrate 3000, a lower substrate 4000, and a clamping device.
  • the incident order of light in the display panel 1 is: first enter the lower polarizing plate 2000, then pass through the lower substrate 4000, then pass through the liquid crystal layer 6000, and then pass through the liquid crystal layer 6000 After the rotation, it enters the upper substrate 3000 and finally enters the upper polarizing plate 1000.
  • the lower polarizing plate 2000 is a polarizing structure described in the foregoing embodiment.
  • the upper polarizing plate 1000 may also be a polarizing structure described in the foregoing embodiment.
  • the following polarizing plate 2000 is used as an example for description.
  • the lower polarizing plate 2000 may include a polarizing film 10 having a light incident surface and a light emitting surface.
  • the optical compensation film 20 includes a first dielectric film 210 and a second dielectric film 220.
  • the first dielectric film 210 has a first refractive index
  • the second dielectric film 220 has a second refractive index.
  • the first refractive index is smaller than the first refractive index.
  • the birefringence index, and the first dielectric film 210 is provided with a plurality of grooves 211 having a predetermined shape, and an included angle between a side surface of the groove 211 and the light incident surface is an acute angle; the lower polarizing plate 2000 may further include a protective film 30.
  • the protective film 30 is formed on the light incident surface of the polarizing film 10.
  • the side of the second dielectric film 220 that is in contact with the first dielectric film 210 is provided with a plurality of protruding structures 221 that match the shape and size of the groove 120.
  • the light is incident from the lower polarizing plate 2000 to the polarizing film 10 in the lower polarizing plate 2000 and penetrates the first dielectric film 210 in the optical compensation film 20 into the second dielectric film 220.
  • the optical compensation film 20 can phase compensate the incident light . Because light enters light dense from photophosgene, and the incident angle of incident light on at least part of the contact surface is not equal to 90 °, a refraction phenomenon occurs, which deflects normal incident light to a side viewing angle and distributes positive viewing angle energy to the side viewing angle. To improve the quality of the side view.
  • the specific structure of the polarizing structure has been described in detail above, and is not repeated here.

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Abstract

偏光结构、显示面板及显示装置。偏光结构包括：偏光膜（10），包括入光面和出光面；光学补偿膜（20），光学补偿膜（20）形成于偏光膜（10）的出光面上；其中，光学补偿膜（20）包括形成于偏光膜（10）出光面上的第一介质膜（210）和形成于第一介质膜（210）上的第二介质膜（220）；第一介质膜（210）的第一折射率小于第二介质膜（220）的第二折射率；第一介质膜（210）在与第二介质膜（220）接触的面上开设有多个具有预设形状的凹槽（211），凹槽（211）的侧面与入光面之间的夹角为锐角；第二介质膜（220）在与第一介质膜（210）接触的面上开设有多个与凹槽（211）形状、尺寸相配合的凸起结构（221）。可使垂直入射至光学补偿膜（20）的光线发生折射，从而将正视角的光能量分配到侧视角。

Description

偏光结构及显示装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2018年9月30日提交中国专利局、申请号为201811163388.1、申请名称为“偏光结构、显示面板及显示装置”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及显示技术领域，特别是涉及一种偏光结构及显示装置。
背景技术
这里的陈述仅提供与本申请有关的背景信息，而不必然地构成现有技术。
随着显示技术的发展，显示装置因具有高画质、省电、机身薄等优点而被广泛应用，其中，画质的好坏是影响消费者体验的最主要的因素。显示装置一般由背光模组和置于背光模组上的显示面板构成，背光模组为显示面板提供入射光，该入射光通常是集中垂直入射至显示面板，因此在正视方向观看显示屏时，能获取较好的显示画质，但是在侧视方向观看显示屏时，画质较差，色偏比较严重，使得正常显示的视角较小。目前，在VA(Vertical Alignment liquid crystal，垂直排列)液晶显示器中采用将滤光片中的子像素再次划分为多个次像素的手段来改善侧视角的画质，从而扩大视角。但是这种方法需要更多的TFT(Thin Film Transistor，薄膜晶体管)元件来驱动次像素，如此势必增加面板内部的金属走线，造成可透光的区域变小，影响面板的透光率，影响画质。而若为了保证光亮度，则需提高背光模组的性能，使其产生 更高亮度的入射光，如此又会增加背光成本。
申请内容
根据本申请的各种实施例，提供一种可以改善显示装置的显示视角小、侧视画质较差，同时成本不会提高的偏光结构。
此外，还提供一种显示装置。
一种偏光结构，包括：
偏光膜，具有入光面和出光面；
光学补偿膜，所述光学补偿膜形成于所述出光面上；其中，所述光学补偿膜包括第一介质膜和第二介质膜；
所述第一介质膜形成于所述出光面上；所述第二介质膜形成于所述第一介质膜上；及
所述第一介质膜的第一折射率小于所述第二介质膜的第二折射率；所述第一介质膜在与所述第二介质膜接触的面上开设有多个具有预设形状的凹槽，所述凹槽的侧面与所述入光面之间的夹角为锐角；所述第二介质膜在与所述第一介质膜接触的面上开设有多个与所述凹槽形状和尺寸相配合的凸起结构。
一种偏光结构，包括：
偏光膜，具有入光面和出光面；
光学补偿膜，所述光学补偿膜形成于所述出光面上；其中，所述光学补偿膜包括第一介质膜和第二介质膜；
所述第一介质膜形成于所述出光面上；所述第二介质膜形成于所述第一介质膜上；所述第一介质膜为负性单光轴补偿膜，所述第一折射率为所述负性单光轴补偿膜的正常折射率，所述负性单光轴补偿膜包含碟状液晶分子， 所述碟状液晶分子的光轴垂直于所述入光面；及
所述第一介质膜的第一折射率小于所述第二介质膜的第二折射率；所述第一介质膜在与所述第二介质膜接触的面上开设有多个具有三棱锥状的凹槽，所述三棱锥状凹槽的侧面与所述入光面之间的夹角为锐角；所述第二介质膜在与所述第一介质膜接触的面上开设有多个与所述三棱锥状凹槽形状和尺寸相配合的三棱锥状凸起结构。
一种显示装置，包括：
背光模组，设置为提供光源；及
显示面板，置于所述背光模组上方，设置为显示画面；
所述显示面板包括偏光结构，所述偏光结构包括：
偏光膜，具有入光面和出光面；
光学补偿膜，所述光学补偿膜形成于所述出光面上；其中，所述光学补偿膜包括第一介质膜和第二介质膜；
所述第一介质膜形成于所述出光面上；所述第二介质膜形成于所述第一介质膜上；
所述第一介质膜的第一折射率小于所述第二介质膜的第二折射率；所述第一介质膜在与所述第二介质膜接触的面上开设有多个具有预设形状的凹槽，所述凹槽的侧面与所述入光面之间的夹角为锐角；所述第二介质膜在与所述第一介质膜接触的面上开设有多个与所述凹槽形状和尺寸相配合的凸起结构。
上述偏光结构及显示装置，由于设有具有第一介质膜和第二介质膜的光学补偿膜，且第一折射率小于第二折射率，即光从偏光膜的入光面入射至光学补偿膜中的第一介质膜之后进入第二介质膜时，是从光疏质进入光密质中，因此会在两层膜的接触界面发生折射现象，使光线发生偏转。本方案中，第 二介质膜与第一介质膜接触的一面形成有凸起结构，该凸起结构的侧面与入光面形成夹角为锐角，垂直入射光进入第二介质膜后，在凸起结构的表面形成的入射角小于90°，因此发生折射现象，使垂直入射的光线发生偏转，从而使正视角能量分配到侧视角，提高侧视角的画质。此外，由于整个偏光结构没有采用额外的金属走线，所以不存在影响光线的透射率，进而影响画质的问题。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或示例性技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或示例性技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他实施例的附图。
图1为一实施例中的偏光结构的组成示意图；
图2为图1中的光学补偿膜的组成示意图；
图3为另一实施例中的偏光结构的组成示意图；
图4为一实施例中的第二介质膜的斜视图；
图5为另一实施例中的第二介质膜的斜视图；
图6为一实施例中的显示装置的组成示意图；
图7为图6中的显示面板的组成示意图；
图8为再一实施例中的偏光结构的组成示意图。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本申请，下面将参照相关附图对本申请进行更全面的描述。附图中给出了本申请的可选实施例。但是，本申请可以以许多不同的形式来实现，并不限于本文所描述的实施例。相反地，提供这些实施例的目的是使对本申请的公开内容的理解更加透彻全面。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在限制本申请。本文所使用的术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。
请参照图1，为一实施例中的偏光结构的组成示意图。同时辅助参阅图2。一种偏光结构，可以包括：偏光膜10，光学补偿膜20。其中，偏光膜10具有入光面和出光面，入光面为接收入射光的一面，光线从入射面进入偏光膜10并从出光面射出。光学补偿膜20形成于偏光膜10的出光面上。光学补偿膜20可以包括第一介质膜210和第二介质膜220；第一介质膜210形成于偏光膜10的出光面上；第二介质膜220形成于第一介质膜210上。第一介质膜210的第一折射率小于第二介质膜220的第二折射率。第一介质膜210在与第二介质膜220接触的面上开设有多个具有预设形状的凹槽211，凹槽211的侧面与入光面之间的夹角为α，α为锐角，满足0°＜α＜90°。将凹槽211的侧面与入光面之间的夹角设置为锐角，可使得光线从入光面进入第一介质膜210后从出光面射出时，会因为出光面上开设的凹槽211产生折射现象。第二介质膜220在与第一介质膜210接触的面上设有多个与凹槽211形状和尺寸相配合的凸起结构221。即第一介质膜210与第二介质膜220可通过凸起结构221和凹槽211实现完全贴合。第二介质膜220具有第二折射率n2，第一介质膜210具有第一折射率n1，第一折射率n1小于第二折射率n2。当 光穿透第一介质膜210进入第二介质膜220时，是从光疏质进入光密质，因此在第一介质膜210与第二介质膜220的接触界面会发生折射。在显示装置中，由于绝大部分光线是垂直入射至偏光板中，即绝大部分光线垂直于入光面，本方案通过设置不同折射率的第一介质膜210与第二介质膜220并在第二介质膜220与第一介质膜210接触的一面上设置凸起结构221，垂直入射光从第一介质膜210入射至第二介质膜220时，结合凸起结构221的表面特征，会在凸起结构221的表面发生折射，改变垂直入射光的传播路径，使光线发生偏转，从而使正视角光型能量分配到大视角，提高侧视角的画质。
上述实施例，由于设有具有第一介质膜210和第二介质膜220的光学补偿膜20，且第一折射率小于第二折射率，即光从偏光膜10的入光面入射至光学补偿膜20中的第一介质膜210之后进入第二介质膜220时，是从光疏质进入光密质中，因此会在两层膜的接触界面发生折射现象，使光线发生偏转。本方案中，第二介质膜220与第一介质膜210接触的一面形成有凸起结构221，该凸起结构221的侧面与入光面形成夹角为锐角，垂直入射光进入第二介质膜220后，在凸起结构221的表面形成的入射角小于90°，因此发生折射现象，使垂直入射的光线发生偏转，从而使正视角能量分配到侧视角，提高侧视角的画质。此外，由于整个偏光结构没有采用额外的金属走线，所以不存在影响光线的透射率，进而影响画质的问题。
在一个实施例中，请继续参照图1，第二介质膜220与第一介质膜210接触的面上设有多个凸起结构221。多个凸起结构221为V形条状凸起结构，也可以理解为三棱柱条状结构，多个三棱柱条状结构之间相互平行。三棱柱条状结构的一个侧面与第二介质膜220和第一介质膜210接触的一面接触，第二介质膜220与第一介质膜210的接触面也就是入光面。另外两个侧面与 第二介质膜220的入光面之间形成有一定的夹角，也即是图1中的β。由于第一介质膜210的凹槽120的侧面与入光面之间形成的夹角为锐角，所以β为锐角，相应地，凸起结构221的侧面与入光面之间形成的夹角α也为锐角，同时凸起结构221与凹槽120形状和尺寸均相配合，所以这里α＝β。可选地，β的第一可选范围可以为0°<β<90°，第二可选范围可以为15°<β<75°。α的第一可选范围可以为0°<α<90°，第二可选范围可以为15°<α<75°。将凸起结构221的侧面与入光面之间设置有一定的角度可以使得在入射光穿过侧面的时候更容易发生折射效应，使得正视角的光能量更多的发散到侧视角，提高侧视角度的画质。如图4所示，多个凸起结构221在第二介质膜220的入光面上可以是呈二维矩阵阵列分布。并且凸起结构221为三棱锥凸起，可以理解，当凸起结构221为三棱锥凸起的时候，其可以具有与三棱柱条状结构相同的横截面。三棱锥的底面与第二介质膜220的入光面接触，其余侧面与第二介质膜220的入光面之间形成一定的夹角。由于与三棱柱条状结构具有相同的横截面，所以，这里的夹角也即是图1中的β。由于第一介质膜210的凹槽120的侧面与入光面之间形成的夹角为锐角，所以β为锐角，相应地，凸起结构221的侧面与入光面之间形成的夹角α也为锐角，同时凸起结构221与凹槽120形状和尺寸均相配合，所以这里α＝β。当凸起结构221的为三棱柱条状凸起结构并且并排排列时，仅在一维方向发生折射，使光线发散到三棱柱的斜面的两侧；当凸起结构221为三棱锥并且多个三棱锥呈二维矩阵阵列时，会在二维平面内发生折射，使光线发散至二维平面的各个角度，从而使各个视角都能呈现较好的画质。
请同时参阅图1和图2，当光线R0垂直穿透第一介质膜210进入第二介质膜220时，垂直入射光在凸起结构221表面处的入射角为γ，0＜γ＜90°， 因此光线会发生折射，折射角为θ，由于光线是从具有第二折射率的第一介质膜210(光疏质)进入具有第一折射率的第二介质膜220(光密质)，所以γ大于θ，即光线传播路径发生改变，光线R1偏离原来垂直入射方向，向侧边发散，因此会有更多的光线射入侧边，提高侧视角度的画质。可以理解的，第一折射率n1与第二折射率n2的差异越大，发生折射时的折射角度越大，越容易将正视光型能量分配到大视角。在一实施例中，第一折射率n1的取值范围为1.0＜n1＜2.5，第二折射率n2的取值范围为1.0＜n1＜2.5。在一实施例中，若m＝n1-n2，则m的可选取值范围为0.01＜m＜2。
如图2所示，同时参照图4。在第二介质膜220的凸起结构221为三棱柱条状结构(V形条状凸起结构)的时候，相邻的三棱柱凸起之间在第一方向上的间距大于或等于三棱柱凸起在第一方向上的长度。这里，以第二介质膜220与第一介质膜210接触的面上垂直于三棱柱条状凸起结构的延伸方向为第一方向，也可以理解为沿X轴的延伸方向。第二介质膜与第一介质膜接触的面为矩形。三棱柱可以为正三棱柱，也可以不是正三棱柱；多个三棱柱的大小可以相同，也可以不相同。多个三棱柱凸起结构221在第二介质膜220与第一介质膜210接触的面上相互平行。如图2所示，Px为相邻的三棱柱条状结构之间的距离，Lx为三棱柱条状结构在第一方向上的长度，Px、Lx满足：Px≥Lx。
同理，当凸起结构221为三棱锥凸起结构的时候，由于可以具有与三棱柱凸起相同的横截面，所以，此处可以同时参照图2和图5，相邻的三棱锥凸起结构221在第一方向上的距离大于或等于三棱锥凸起结构221在第一方向上的长度；相邻的三棱锥凸起结构221在第二方向上的距离大于或等于三棱锥凸起结构221在第二方向上的长度，其中，由于第二介质膜与第一介质膜 接触的面为矩形，以二维矩阵较短边的延伸方向为第一方向，也可以理解为沿X轴的延伸方向；以二维矩阵较长边的延伸方向为第二方向，这里可以理解为沿Y轴的延伸方向。三棱柱可以为正三棱锥，也可以不是正三棱锥，多个三棱锥的大小可以相同，也可以不相同。可以理解，在不脱离本申请的核心原理的情况下可以对凹槽的形状和尺寸、大小进行变化以适应本领域技术人员的实际需要。如图5所示，Px为相邻的三棱锥凸起结构221在第一方向上的距离；Py为相邻的三棱锥凸起结构221在第二方向上的距离；Lx为三棱锥凸起结构221在第一方向上的长度；Ly为三棱锥凸起结构221在第二方向上的长度。Px、Py、Lx、Ly满足：Px≥Lx；Py≥Ly。当Px＞Lx，Py＞Ly时，相邻凸起结构221存在间隔，即凸起结构221呈二维矩阵阵列分布，光从光疏质传播到光密质时，就可以借助间隔和凸起使垂直入射光朝侧边发散，进一步将正视光能量分配到侧视角，提高侧视角的画质。
可选地，凸起结构为V形条状时，多个V形条状凸起结构之间还可以呈二维矩阵阵列分布，其在二维上的排列方式可以参照前面三棱锥凸起结构的描述，在此不再进一步赘述。相邻凸起结构之间由于存在间隔，所以凸起结呈二维矩阵阵列分布，光从光疏质传播到光密质时，就可以借助间隔和凸起使垂直入射光朝侧边发散，进一步将正视光能量分配到侧视角，提高侧视角的画质。
光学补偿膜20可以为可透光的透明或半透明材料制成且具有相位补偿的功能的单光轴光学补偿膜，在一实施例中，光学补偿膜20内填充有液晶，液晶为双折射材料，光线进入液晶时会折射成正常光和反常光两条光线，其中，正常光的折射率为正常折射率，反常光的折射率为反常折射率，反常折射率方向为电场方向与液晶光轴平行的方向，正常折射率方向为电场与液晶 光轴垂直的方向，反常折射率方向与正常折射率方向垂直。在本实施例中，光学补偿膜20可以包括第一介质膜210和第二介质膜220。其中，第一介质膜210可以为负性单光轴补偿膜，具体可以为负性单光轴C-补偿膜，负性单光轴C-补偿膜的正常折射率平行于出光面的各个方向。负性单轴C-补偿膜内部可填充碟状液晶分子，碟状液晶分子为碟子形状的液晶，碟状液晶的光轴与入光面垂直，碟状液晶的反常折射率nce(extraordinary refractive index)方向与碟状液晶的光轴平行，碟状液晶的正常折射率nco(ordinary refractive index)方向垂直于反常折射率nce(extraordinary refractive index)的方向，即碟状液晶的正常折射率nco方向平行于入光面，且nco＞nce。第二介质膜220可以为正性单光轴补偿膜，具体可以为正性单光轴A-补偿膜，其同样具有反常折射率和正常折射率；正性单光轴A-补偿膜内部可填充向列相液晶分子，向列相液晶分子为长条棒状型液晶，向列相液晶的光轴与入光面平行，向列相液晶的反常折射率nae方向与向列相液晶的光轴平行，即向列相液晶的反常折射率nae方向与入光面平行，向列相液晶的正常折射率nao方向垂直于反常折射率nae方向，且nae＞nao；在本实施例中，第一折射率为第二介质膜220的反常折射率nae，第二折射率为C-补偿膜正常折射率nco，nae的方向与nco的方向均平行于入光面。
可选地，第一介质膜210的折射率可以为1.0-2.5，这里的折射率也就是正常折射率，即nco(ordinary refractive index)。第二介质膜220的反常折射率(第二折射率)大于第一介质膜210的正常折射率(第一折射率)。换句话说，第一介质膜210相对第二介质膜220而言为光疏介质，第二介质膜220相对第一介质膜210而言为光密介质。具体地，第二介质膜220的反常折射率与第一介质膜210的正常折射率差值范围可选地为0.01-2。理论上，第二 介质膜220的反常折射率相对于第一介质膜210的正常折射率差异越大，当入射光垂直入射到第二介质膜220上发生折射效应的时候，越容易将正视角的光能量分配到侧视角。
偏光膜10具有吸收轴和穿透轴，偏振方向与穿透轴平行的偏振光能通过偏光膜10。在一实施例中，为了减小光学补偿膜20对光线的偏振影响，可使光学补偿膜20的光轴(液晶光轴)与偏光膜10的穿透轴平行，入射光经过光学补偿膜20后的偏振方向与偏光膜10的穿透轴平行，因此能完全穿过偏光膜10。在本方案中，由于光学补偿膜20也具有相位补偿的功能，利用光学补偿膜20除了能使入射光在界面处发生偏转以扩大视角，增强侧视角画质外，还可以起到相位补偿的作用。
示例性技术中，通常使用聚乙烯醇作为偏光膜，而聚乙烯醇具有极强的亲水性，为保护偏光膜的物理特性，主要对偏振光起吸收和穿透的作用，本申请中偏光膜10选取目前市面上常用的产品，其穿透轴是平行于0/180度方向，吸收轴平行于90/270度方向。通常需在偏光片的两侧设置一层三醋酸纤维素支撑膜，三醋酸纤维素支撑膜具有高透光性、耐水性好且具有一定的机械强度，能对偏光片进行保护。在本实施例中，由于在偏光片的一侧设有具有第一介质膜210和第二介质膜220的光学补偿膜20，第一介质膜210和第二介质膜220既能进行相位补偿和对光线进行偏转，也可以充当保护层来保护偏光膜10，因此在偏光板中可以省略偏光片出光侧的三醋酸纤维素支撑膜，有利于产品的薄型化设计。需要注意的是，第一介质膜210的厚度和第二介质膜220的厚度(即图2中的D+d)需满足合适的厚度以实现对偏光膜的保护作用。
请继续参阅图3，为另一个实施例中的偏光结构的组成示意图，一种偏光 结构，可以包括：偏光膜10，光学补偿膜20以及保护膜30。其中，偏光膜10具有入光面和出光面。光学补偿膜20形成于偏光膜10的出光面上。保护膜30设于偏光膜10的入光面上，设置为支撑并保护偏光膜10。光学补偿膜20可以包括第一介质膜210和第二介质膜220；第一介质膜210形成于偏光膜10的出光面上；第二介质膜220形成于第一介质膜210上。第一介质膜210的第一折射率小于第二介质膜220的第二折射率。第一介质膜210在与第二介质膜220接触的面上开设有多个具有预设形状的凹槽211，凹槽211的侧面与入光面之间的夹角为锐角。第二介质膜220在与第一介质膜210接触的面上设有多个与凹槽211形状和尺寸相配合的凸起结构221。
可以理解，对于偏光膜10、光学补偿膜20、第一介质膜210以及第二介质膜220的构成、材料等可参照前述实施例中的描述，在此不作进一步的赘述。
保护膜30的材料可以包括但不限于聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜、三醋酸纤维素膜或聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯膜中的任意一种。PET(Polyethylene terephthalate，聚对苯二甲酸类塑料)具有很好的光学性能和耐候性，非晶态的PET塑料具有良好的光学透明性。另外PET塑料具有优良的耐磨耗摩擦性和尺寸稳定性及电绝缘性。TAC(Triacetyl Cellulose，三醋酸纤维素)，主要用于保护LCD偏光板。PMMA(Polymethyl Methacrylate，聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯)，具有良好的化学稳定性和耐候性。同时，由于保护膜30起到支撑并保护偏光膜10的作用，所以保护膜30厚度应该保证偏光膜10的耐候性不受影响，保护偏光膜10不接触外界环境，防止湿气进入偏光膜10。
如图8所示，偏光结构还可以包括压敏胶40，设置于第二介质膜220上，其主要设置为将偏光结构与其他组件进行粘合。
综上，同时结合图1、图2，以第一介质膜210为负性单光轴C-补偿膜，第一介质膜210的凹槽211为V形条状凹槽，第二介质膜220的凸起结构221为V形条状凸起，偏光膜10的穿透轴是平行于0/180°方向，吸收轴为平行于90/270°方向为例简述本申请的视角改善原理：光进入显示面板前先通过下偏光板，下偏光板对偏振光具备吸收跟穿透的作用，光进入下偏光板后可分为水平偏振跟垂直偏振分量的光，由于本申请使用的偏光膜10的穿透轴是平行于0/180°方向，因此这里只关注水平偏振分量的光通过的介质界面。水平偏振分量的光R0在负性单光轴C-补偿膜对应的等效折射率为nco(ordinary refractive index，正常折射率)，水平偏振分量的光通过负性单光轴C-补偿膜后经过正性单光轴A-补偿膜(对应于正性单光轴A-补偿膜的折射率为nae)，因此该水平偏振的光在两介质接触面(即图2中的V形条状凸起)发生从光疏介质进入光密介质(nae>nco)的行为，配合第二介质膜220的凸起结构221与入光面之间形成的锐角产生折射效应产生出射光R1，形成正视角光型能量分配大视角的光学现象。从而将正视角的光能量分配到侧视角，改善色偏问题。
同理，当使用的偏光膜10的穿透轴为平行于90/270°方向，吸收轴为平行于0/180°方向。光进入显示面板前先通过下偏光板，下偏光板对偏振光具备吸收跟穿透的作用，光进入下偏光板后可分为水平偏振跟垂直偏振分量的光。由于这里使用的偏光膜10的穿透轴是平行90/270°方向，因此这里只关注垂直偏振分量的光通过的介质界面。垂直偏振分量的光通过偏光膜10的穿透轴90/270°方向(水平偏振光被偏光膜10吸收轴0/180°方向吸收)，在负性单光轴C-补偿膜对应的等效折射率为nco(ordinary refractive index，正常折射率)，垂直偏振分量的光通过负性单光轴C-补偿膜后经过正性单光轴A-补 偿膜(对应于正性单光轴A-补偿膜的折射率为nae)，因此该垂直偏振的光在两介质接触面(即图2中的V形条状凸起)发生从光疏介质进入光密介质(nae>nco)的行为，配合第二介质膜220的凸起结构221与入光面之间形成的锐角产生折射效应，形成正视角光型能量分配大视角的光学现象。也可以和通过上述原理实现将正视角的光能量分配到侧视角，改善色偏问题。
还提供一种偏光结构，偏光结构可以包括：偏光膜，具有入光面和出光面；光学补偿膜，光学补偿膜形成于偏光膜的出光面上；其中，光学补偿膜包括第一介质膜和第二介质膜；第一介质膜形成于偏光膜的出光面上；第二介质膜形成于第一介质膜上；第一介质膜的第一折射率小于第二介质膜的第二折射率；第一介质膜在与第二介质膜接触的面上开设有多个具有三棱锥状的凹槽，三棱锥状凹槽的侧面与所述入光面之间的夹角为锐角；第二介质膜在与第一介质膜接触的面上开设有多个与三棱锥状凹槽形状和尺寸相配合的三棱锥状凸起结构。
上述实施例，通过在第二介质膜中设置多个三棱锥状的凸起结构，同时根据与第一介质膜不同的折射率引起的折射效应，可使垂直入射至光学补偿膜的入射光发生折射，从而将正视角的光能量分配到侧视角，进而解决色偏的问题。此外，由于整个偏光结构没有采用额外的金属走线，所以不存在影响光线的透射率，进而影响画质的问题。
请参照图6，为一实施例中的显示装置的组成示意图。本申请还公开一共显示装置，包括背光模组5以及置于背光模组上方的显示面板1。背光模组5设置为提供入射光R0(图6未标示)，该入射光R0集中入射至显示面板1，入射光R0的发散方向与垂直于显示面板1的方向呈小角度，该小角度可小于30°，显示面板1接收到的大部分光为垂直入射光，由于显示面板1内存 在第一介质膜210和第二介质膜220且第二介质膜220与第一介质膜210接触的面设有多个具有预设形状的凸起结构221，在凸起结构221表面通过折射可以将垂直入射光进行偏转产生出射光R1(图7未标示)，从而将正视角能量分配到侧视角，提高侧视角的画质。其中，背光模组5可以包括侧入式LED光源51，反射片52，导光板53及。导光板53的上下表面均设有长条V型槽，导光板53下表面V型槽的侧壁与侧入式光源51平行，导光板53上表面的V型槽与下表面的V型槽以相互垂直的方式设置。
请参阅图7，为图6中的显示面板的组成示意图。该显示面板1可例如为TFT-LCD(Thin Film Transistor Liquid Crystal Displayer，薄膜晶体管液晶显示器)显示面板1、OLED(Organic Light-Emitting Diode，有机发光二极管)显示面板1、QLED(Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diodes，量子点发光二极管)显示面板1、曲面显示面板1或其他显示面板1。本实施例以显示面板1为TFT-LCD显示面板1为例进行说明，如图7所示，该显示面板1包括上偏光板1000、下偏光板2000，上基板3000，下基板4000以及夹设于上偏光板1000和下偏光板2000之间的液晶层6000，光线在显示面板1中入射顺序为：先进入下偏光板2000，然后经过下基板4000，其次经过液晶层6000，经液晶层6000旋转之后入射进上基板3000，最后进入上偏光板1000。其中下偏光板2000为前述实施例介绍的偏光结构。可以理解，上偏光板1000也可以为前述实施例介绍的偏光结构。此处以下偏光板2000为例进行说明。下偏光板2000可以包括偏光膜10，具有入光面和出光面。光学补偿膜20，光学补偿膜20包括第一介质膜210和第二介质膜220，第一介质膜210具有第一折射率，第二介质膜220具有第二折射率，第一折射率小于第二折射率，且第一介质膜210上开设有多个具有预设形状的凹槽211，凹槽211的侧面与入光面之 间的夹角为锐角；下偏光板2000还可以包括保护膜30，保护膜30形成于偏光膜10的入光面上；第二介质膜220与第一介质膜210接触的一面设有多个与凹槽120形状和尺寸相配合的凸起结构221。光线从下偏光板2000入射至下偏光板2000中的偏光膜10，并穿透光学补偿膜20中的第一介质膜210进入第二介质膜220，光学补偿膜20可以对入射光线进行相位补偿。由于光线从光疏质进入光密质，且入射光线在至少部分接触面的入射角不等于90°，因此会发生折射现象，使垂直入射光向侧视角偏转，将正视角能量分配到侧视角，提高侧视角的画质。其中，偏光结构的具体结构已在上文详细介绍，此处不再赘述。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本申请的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对申请专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本申请的保护范围。因此，本申请专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种偏光结构，包括：
    偏光膜，具有入光面和出光面；
    光学补偿膜，所述光学补偿膜形成于所述出光面上；其中，所述光学补偿膜包括第一介质膜和第二介质膜；
    所述第一介质膜形成于所述出光面上；所述第二介质膜形成于所述第一介质膜上；及
    所述第一介质膜的第一折射率小于所述第二介质膜的第二折射率；所述第一介质膜在与所述第二介质膜接触的面上开设有多个具有预设形状的凹槽，所述凹槽的侧面与所述入光面之间的夹角为锐角；所述第二介质膜在与所述第一介质膜接触的面上开设有多个与所述凹槽形状和尺寸相配合的凸起结构。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的偏光结构，其中，所述第一介质膜为负性单光轴补偿膜，所述第一折射率为所述负性单光轴补偿膜的正常折射率，所述负性单光轴补偿膜包含碟状液晶分子，所述碟状液晶分子的光轴垂直于所述入光面。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的偏光结构，其中，所述第二介质膜为正性单光轴补偿膜，所述第二折射率为所述正性单光轴补偿膜的反常折射率，所述正性单光轴补偿膜包含向列相液晶分子，所述向列相液晶分子的光轴平行于所述入光面。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的偏光结构，其中，所述偏光膜具有穿透轴，偏振方向平行于所述穿透轴的光线可透过所述偏光膜，所述负性单光轴补偿膜的光轴与所述穿透轴垂直。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的偏光结构，其中，所述偏光膜为聚乙烯醇膜。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的偏光结构，其中，所述第一折射率的取值范围为1.0-2.5。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的偏光结构，其中，所述第二折射率的取值范围为1.0-2.5。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的偏光结构，所述第一折射率与所述第二折射率之间的差值范围为0.01-2。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的偏光结构，其中，所述偏光结构还包括：
    保护膜，设于所述偏光膜的入光面上，设置为支撑并保护所述偏光膜。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的偏光结构，其中，所述保护膜包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的偏光结构，其中，所述保护膜包括三醋酸纤维素膜。
  12. 根据权利要求9所述的偏光结构，其中，所述保护膜包括聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯膜。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的偏光结构，其中，所述凸起结构为V形条状凸起结构，多个所述V形条状凸起结构之间相互平行。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的偏光结构，其中，所述凸起结构为三棱锥凸起结构，多个所述三棱锥凸起结构于所述第二介质膜与所述第一介质膜接触的面上呈二维矩阵阵列分布。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的偏光结构，其中，相邻的所述凸起结构在第一方向上的距离大于或等于所述凸起结构在所述第一方向上的长度；其中，以所述第二介质膜与所述第一介质膜接触的面上垂直于所述V形条状凸起结构的延伸方向的方向为第一方向。
  16. 根据权利要求14所述的偏光结构，其中，所述第二介质膜与所述第一介质膜接触的面为矩形，相邻的所述三棱锥凸起结构在第一方向上的距离大于或等于所述三棱锥凸起结构在所述第一方向上的长度；
    相邻的所述三棱锥凸起结构在第二方向上的距离大于或等于所述三棱锥凸起结构在所述第二方向上的长度；其中，以所述矩形宽度的延伸方向为第一方向，以所述矩形长度的延伸方向为第二方向。
  17. 一种偏光结构，包括：
    偏光膜，具有入光面和出光面；
    光学补偿膜，所述光学补偿膜形成于所述出光面上；其中，所述光学补偿膜包括第一介质膜和第二介质膜；
    所述第一介质膜形成于所述出光面上；所述第二介质膜形成于所述第一介质膜上；所述第一介质膜为负性单光轴补偿膜，所述第一折射率为所述负性单光轴补偿膜的正常折射率，所述负性单光轴补偿膜包含碟状液晶分子，所述碟状液晶分子的光轴垂直于所述入光面；及
    所述第一介质膜的第一折射率小于所述第二介质膜的第二折射率；所述第一介质膜在与所述第二介质膜接触的面上开设有多个具有三棱锥状的凹槽，所述三棱锥状凹槽的侧面与所述入光面之间的夹角为锐角；所述第二介质膜在与所述第一介质膜接触的面上开设有多个与所述三棱锥状凹槽形状和尺寸相配合的三棱锥状凸起结构。
  18. 一种显示装置，包括：
    背光模组，设置为提供光源；及
    显示面板，置于所述背光模组上方，设置为显示画面；
    其中，所述显示面板包括偏光结构，所述偏光结构包括：
    偏光膜，具有入光面和出光面；
    光学补偿膜，所述光学补偿膜形成于所述出光面上；其中，所述光学补偿膜包括第一介质膜和第二介质膜；
    所述第一介质膜形成于所述偏光膜的出光面上；所述第二介质膜形成于所述第一介质膜上；及
    所述第一介质膜的第一折射率小于所述第二介质膜的第二折射率；所述第一介质膜在与所述第二介质膜接触的面上开设有多个具有预设形状的凹槽，所述凹槽的侧面与所述入光面之间的夹角为锐角；所述第二介质膜在与所述第一介质膜接触的面上开设有多个与所述凹槽形状和尺寸相配合的凸起结构。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的显示装置，其中，所述显示面板为液晶显示面板。
  20. 根据权利要求18所述的显示装置，其中，所述显示面板为有机电致发光显示面板。
PCT/CN2018/119652 2018-09-30 2018-12-07 偏光结构及显示装置 WO2020062584A1 (zh)

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