WO2020059355A1 - 容量検出エリアセンサ及び、その容量検出エリアセンサを有する導電パターン検査装置 - Google Patents
容量検出エリアセンサ及び、その容量検出エリアセンサを有する導電パターン検査装置 Download PDFInfo
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/24—Arrangements for measuring quantities of charge
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
- G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
- G01R27/26—Measuring inductance or capacitance; Measuring quality factor, e.g. by using the resonance method; Measuring loss factor; Measuring dielectric constants ; Measuring impedance or related variables
- G01R27/2605—Measuring capacitance
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/28—Testing of electronic circuits, e.g. by signal tracer
- G01R31/2801—Testing of printed circuits, backplanes, motherboards, hybrid circuits or carriers for multichip packages [MCP]
- G01R31/281—Specific types of tests or tests for a specific type of fault, e.g. thermal mapping, shorts testing
- G01R31/2812—Checking for open circuits or shorts, e.g. solder bridges; Testing conductivity, resistivity or impedance
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
- G01D5/14—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
- G01D5/24—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying capacitance
- G01D5/241—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying capacitance by relative movement of capacitor electrodes
- G01D5/2417—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying capacitance by relative movement of capacitor electrodes by varying separation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/145—Indicating the presence of current or voltage
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/28—Testing of electronic circuits, e.g. by signal tracer
- G01R31/2851—Testing of integrated circuits [IC]
- G01R31/2855—Environmental, reliability or burn-in testing
- G01R31/2872—Environmental, reliability or burn-in testing related to electrical or environmental aspects, e.g. temperature, humidity, vibration, nuclear radiation
- G01R31/2879—Environmental, reliability or burn-in testing related to electrical or environmental aspects, e.g. temperature, humidity, vibration, nuclear radiation related to electrical aspects, e.g. to voltage or current supply or stimuli or to electrical loads
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/28—Testing of electronic circuits, e.g. by signal tracer
- G01R31/302—Contactless testing
- G01R31/312—Contactless testing by capacitive methods
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
- G01R31/52—Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/94—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
- H03K17/945—Proximity switches
- H03K17/955—Proximity switches using a capacitive detector
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/28—Testing of electronic circuits, e.g. by signal tracer
- G01R31/302—Contactless testing
- G01R31/304—Contactless testing of printed or hybrid circuits
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a capacitance detection area sensor and a conductive pattern inspection device having the capacitance detection area sensor.
- a defect inspection of a short circuit or a disconnection of a wiring in a conductive pattern formed on a substrate is determined based on the presence or absence of detection of a supplied inspection signal.
- a typical pattern inspection apparatus detects a test signal by bringing a power supply terminal of the test section into contact with one end of a conductive pattern and inputting a predetermined test signal, and bringing a detection terminal of the test section into contact with the other end of the conductive pattern. ing.
- a non-contact type sensor using capacitive coupling described in Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent No. 4623887 is disclosed.
- a conductive pattern inspection device to be mounted has also been proposed. In the inspection with this non-contact type sensor, the sensor electrode is brought close to the conductive pattern wiring, the wiring of the conductive pattern is used as a counter electrode facing the sensor electrode, the sensor electrode and the counter electrode are capacitively coupled, and the counter electrode is Is changed from a ground level to a predetermined voltage level, and the potential of the sensor electrode, which is changed by capacitive coupling, is measured.
- general conductive patterns often include not only straight lines but also detours for mounting circuit components and bent portions so that the conductive patterns do not intersect. Furthermore, there are mixed conductive patterns that terminate on the way to connect to a branching point on the way or a lead terminal of a mounted component. If the conductive pattern has a loop shape, a defective portion may not be detected in some cases. In addition, in the detection based on the two inspection positions, the presence or absence of a defect can be detected, but the position of the defective portion in the middle of the pattern cannot be specified. For this reason, in the case of a circuit inspection device equipped with an optical observation device or an imaging device, for example, a conductive pattern determined to have a defect is enlarged and displayed, and a worker can visually check the defective portion. The conductive pattern must be tracked. Even in the time required for detecting a defective portion, it is not easy to improve work efficiency because human factors such as a difference in ability and experience of the worker are large.
- the inspection apparatus using a non-contact type sensor described in Patent Document 1 can perform detection with enhanced spatial resolution using two-dimensionally arrayed pixels, but resets a sensor electrode to a predetermined potential.
- thermal noise generated due to the ON resistance of the reset transistor is captured by the sensor electrode and remains. It is known that this thermal noise changes randomly at the completion of each reset operation, and the change in potential of the sensor electrode caused by the noise is inversely proportional to the square root of the capacitance value parasitic on the sensor electrode.
- the capacitance parasitic on the sensor electrode is reduced in order to enhance the capacitance coupling with the detection electrode, thermal noise increases, and high-capacity capacitance detection cannot be performed.
- a capacitance detection area sensor having a high spatial resolution, high sensitivity and high resolution has not yet been realized, and a real-time capacitance detection area sensor having a higher time resolution has not been realized.
- the present invention provides a capacitance detection area sensor in which capacitance sensor elements having a small detection area are arranged in a two-dimensional array and the distribution of detected capacitance is obtained as image information. Further, a conductive pattern equipped with the capacitance detection area sensor according to the present invention, acquires a voltage distribution in the conductive pattern to which the inspection signal is supplied as image information of the conductive pattern, and detects a defect such as disconnection or short circuit between the patterns. An inspection device is provided.
- a capacitance detection area sensor includes a sensor electrode that capacitively couples with a detection target having a charge to detect a charge according to a change in capacitance, a power storage element that stores the charge of the sensor electrode, and a power storage element.
- a capacitance detection area sensor circuit in which a plurality of capacitance sensor elements including a reset element for resetting are arranged in a two-dimensional array; and the capacitance sensor element capacitively coupled to the capacitance detection area sensor circuit for each row or column.
- a sensor element selection circuit for sequentially selecting a first signal of a first potential from the sensor electrode and a second signal of a second potential different from the first potential from the sensor element;
- a first signal storage circuit provided for each column for storing the read first signal; and a second signal storage circuit provided for each column for storing the read second signal.
- a circuit, a difference signal generation circuit that calculates a difference between the stored first signal and the second signal, and generates a difference signal, based on a level of the difference signal from the difference signal generation circuit;
- an image processing circuit for generating an image indicating the shape of each of the two-dimensional arrays.
- the reset element of the capacitance detection area sensor circuit is turned on for each row of the selected two-dimensional array to reset the potential of the sensor electrode to a reference value.
- the reset element is set to non-conduction, the first signal is obtained and stored in the first signal storage circuit, and after a predetermined period elapses, the second signal is obtained and the second signal is obtained.
- a control unit that stores the signal in the signal storage circuit and calculates a difference signal between the first signal and the second signal read from the first signal storage circuit and the second signal storage circuit after a set time has elapsed. .
- the conductive pattern inspection apparatus having the capacitance detection area sensor provides an inspection for supplying an inspection signal of a first potential and a second potential having a potential difference to a conductive pattern to be inspected formed on a substrate.
- a capacitance detection area sensor for arranging a capacitance sensor element for obtaining a first sensor output signal and a second sensor output signal from an electrode in a two-dimensional array;
- a sensor moving mechanism that moves the sensor electrode of the capacitance detection area sensor to a target area, and moves the sensor electrode close to the conductive pattern;
- a control unit equipped with a difference signal generation circuit for taking a difference from the sensor output signal obtained from the amount detection area sensor and generating a difference signal, and a different color or a different gradation depending on the value of the difference signal output from the control unit
- the image processing unit that generates an inspection conductive pattern image indicating the shape of the conductive pattern, a reference conductive pattern image that is a preset reference for the conductive pattern, and the image processing unit
- a comparison / determination unit that compares the inspection conductive pattern image with the inspection conductive pattern image to determine a defective portion due to the difference.
- a capacitance detection area sensor in which capacitance sensor elements having a small detection area are arranged in a two-dimensional array, and a distribution of detected capacitance is obtained as image information. Furthermore, a conductive pattern inspection device equipped with this capacitance detection area sensor, acquires a distribution of potential in the conductive pattern to which the inspection signal is supplied as image information of the conductive pattern, and detects a defect such as disconnection and short circuit between the patterns. Can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a circuit configuration of a capacitance sensor element according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a cross-sectional structure of the capacitance sensor element.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram conceptually showing a circuit configuration of the sensor signal processing circuit.
- FIG. 4A shows a reset signal ⁇ R, a selection signal ⁇ X, a first signal acquisition signal ⁇ N, a second signal acquisition signal ⁇ S, and a first signal (N level) and a second signal (S level) of the sensor signal processing circuit. It is a figure which shows the waveform of.
- FIG. 4B is a diagram showing output timing in the horizontal shift register (HSR).
- HSR horizontal shift register
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart for explaining detection of a test signal in the capacitance sensor element.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a conceptual circuit configuration of the capacitance detection area sensors arranged in a two-dimensional array.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an external configuration of the area sensor as viewed from above.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a cross-sectional structure of one capacitance sensor element included in the area sensor.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example when a shield electrode is used as an external electrode.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a conceptual configuration of a conductive pattern inspection device equipped with the capacitance detection area sensor according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a conceptual configuration of a conductive pattern inspection device equipped with the capacitance detection area sensor according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 11A is a diagram illustrating an example of a conductive pattern image based on normal conductive pattern information used as a criterion.
- FIG. 11B is a diagram illustrating an example of the detected conductive pattern image.
- FIG. 12A is a diagram showing a straight conductive pattern.
- FIG. 12B is a diagram showing a conductive pattern that loops.
- FIG. 12C is a diagram showing a plurality of conductive patterns arranged in parallel in a straight line.
- FIG. 12D is a diagram showing a conductive pattern arranged close to the floating pattern.
- FIG. 12E is a diagram showing a conductor pattern formed on the coil pattern.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart for explaining the detection operation of the conductive pattern inspection device of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart for explaining the detection operation of the conductive pattern inspection device of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a conceptual configuration of a cell size detection device equipped with a capacitance detection area sensor according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 15A is a conceptual diagram for describing the operation of detecting the size of a cell.
- FIG. 15B is a conceptual diagram for describing an operation of detecting a cell size.
- FIG. 16A is a diagram conceptually showing cells existing on the area sensor.
- FIG. 16B is a diagram conceptually showing a cell image displayed on the display screen by converting FIG. 16A into an image.
- FIG. 17 is a conceptual diagram for describing an antigen capturing operation of the antigen capturing and detecting device according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a circuit configuration of a capacitive sensor element according to one embodiment
- FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a cross-sectional structure of the capacitive sensor element.
- the capacitance sensor element 1 includes a sensor electrode (capacitance detection electrode) 2, a power receiving capacitor 3, an amplification element 4, a selection switch element 5, a reset element 6, and a failure of the amplification element 4. And protection elements 7 and 8 for prevention.
- these circuit elements are formed in a laminated structure on a substrate 15, for example, a circuit element region 16 of a silicon semiconductor substrate.
- the external electrode 10 is an inspection target site or an inspection target. The inspection signal is input to the external electrode 10 from the inspection signal power supply 9 [inspection signal supply unit].
- the sensor electrode 2 is formed of a conductor, for example, a metal film, approaches (is not in contact with) the external electrode 10 to be inspected, and is capacitively coupled to the external electrode 10. Further, a protective film having insulating properties for wear resistance and corrosion resistance may be formed on the metal film of the sensor electrode 2. If a protective film is formed only on the sensor electrode 2, a conductive protective film may be used.
- the sensor electrode 2 and the external electrode 10 are capacitively coupled by being arranged so as to be close to and opposed to each other.
- the capacitance sensor element 1 detects a change in the amount of charge due to a capacitance ratio between the sensor electrode 2 and the external electrode 10 as, for example, a change in voltage.
- the test signal power supply 9 supplies a time-series potential to the test object or an AC signal or pulse signal having an amplitude. And the like. If the test object has an electrode, for example, an external electrode 10, the test signal power supply 9 applies a test signal to the external electrode 10.
- the test signal power supply 9 connects the test object with the sensor electrode 2 and a separate counter electrode. And an inspection signal is applied.
- the test object may be immersed in a conductive medium material such as an electrolytic solution.
- the capacitance sensor element 1 detects the electric charge based on a change in capacitance in a state where the inspection object is directly attached to the sensor electrode 2. It is also possible to detect changes in the quantity.
- the counter electrode is not essential as a constituent element as described later.
- AVDD is a power supply voltage.
- AVSS is a reference potential or a ground potential, for example, 0V.
- AV indicates an analog signal.
- VR is a reset voltage.
- VR is a reference potential or a predetermined offset potential.
- the power receiving capacitor 3 is a capacitance element that stores power up to a potential determined by the capacitance of the power receiving capacitor 3, the capacitance of the electrostatic coupling between the external electrode 10 and the sensor electrode 2, and the first potential and the second potential of the external electrode 10. It is.
- a signal acquired at the first potential is a first signal
- a signal acquired at a second potential different from the first potential is a second signal.
- the amplifying element 4 is, for example, a source follower-connected transistor. The gate of this transistor is connected to power receiving capacitor 3.
- the amplification element 4 amplifies the voltage read from the power receiving capacitor 3 and generates a sensor output signal. This sensor output signal corresponds to a first signal (N level) and a second signal (S level) described later.
- the selection switch element 5 is formed of, for example, a transistor, is driven by a selection signal ⁇ X, and reads the sensor output signal amplified by the amplification element 4.
- the reset element 6 includes, for example, a transistor, and is connected to the power receiving capacitor 3.
- the reset element 6 is driven by the reset signal ⁇ R before accumulating the detection signal, discharges the electric charge flowing into the power receiving capacitor 3 from the outside or the remaining electric charge, and changes the voltage of the power receiving capacitor 3 to the reset voltage VR (Reference potential or offset voltage). If the transistors of the selection switch element 5 and the reset element 6 are formed on a semiconductor substrate, a MOS transistor (MOSFET, etc.) that can be easily formed is suitable.
- the protection elements 7 and 8 are, for example, diodes and protect the internal circuit of the capacitance sensor element 1 from external noise and static electricity. By providing these protection elements 7 and 8, the capacitance sensor element 1 can operate without exceeding the limit charge capacity.
- the external electrode 10 is, for example, a conductive pattern made of metal wiring formed on a circuit board to be inspected.
- the inspection signal (first potential or second potential) is applied from the inspection signal power supply 9 to an electrode pad formed at an end of the conductive pattern.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram conceptually showing a sectional structure of the capacitance sensor element 1.
- the circuit elements shown in FIG. 1 are formed in a laminated structure on the main surface of a silicon semiconductor substrate 15 to form a circuit element region 16.
- Each circuit element is the above-described power receiving capacitor 3, amplifying element 4, selection switch element 5, reset element 6, protection elements 7, 8, and the like.
- a wiring layer 17 including a plurality of wirings is formed on the circuit element region 16 with an interlayer insulating film 37 interposed therebetween.
- the wiring layer 17 electrically connects each circuit element in the circuit element area 16.
- the above-described sensor electrode 2 is formed on the wiring layer 17 via the interlayer insulating layer 37 so as to be exposed on the uppermost surface.
- the electrode wiring 18 electrically connects the sensor electrode 2 and the circuit element region 16.
- the electrode wiring 18 is formed in a direction perpendicular to the main surface of the silicon semiconductor substrate 15 (a direction orthogonal to the main surface).
- the capacitance sensor element 1 of the present embodiment can read out a detection signal by using a CMOS method used as an imaging element.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram conceptually showing a circuit configuration of the capacitance sensor device.
- the capacitance sensor device includes a capacitance sensor element 1 and a sensor signal processing circuit 11.
- the capacitance sensor element 1 has, for example, the configuration shown in FIGS.
- description of the capacitance sensor element 1 is omitted.
- the sensor signal processing circuit 11 includes a readout circuit 12, a difference signal generation circuit 13, an image processing circuit 14, and a control circuit 35.
- the control circuit 35 controls the readout circuit 12, the difference signal generation circuit 13, and the image processing circuit 14, respectively.
- the readout circuit 12 includes a sample and hold circuit 19 and an output switching circuit 20.
- the sample hold circuit 19 acquires a sensor output signal from the capacitance sensor element 1.
- the output switching circuit 20 switches and amplifies the output of the sample and hold circuit 19 and outputs the first signal and the second signal to the difference signal generation circuit 13.
- the sample and hold circuit 19 is arranged for each column.
- the sample and hold circuit 19 includes a sampling switch 21, a first signal acquisition switch 22 (hereinafter, referred to as a first switch 22), a second signal acquisition switch 23 (hereinafter, referred to as a second switch 23), and a first signal. It includes a capacitor 24, a second signal capacitor 25, and a signal clear switch 36 (hereinafter, referred to as a sample hold clear switch 36).
- the output terminal of the capacitive sensor element 1 is connected to one end of the sampling switch 21, one end of the sample and hold clear switch 36, the input terminal of the first switch 22, and the input terminal of the second switch 23.
- It is connected to the.
- An output terminal of the first switch 22, one end of the first signal capacitor 24, and an input terminal of the output changeover switch N of the sample and hold circuit 19 are connected at a first connection point P ⁇ b> 1.
- the output terminal of the second switch 23, one end of the second signal capacitor 25, and the input terminal of the output changeover switch S of the sample and hold circuit 19 are connected at the second connection point P2.
- the input terminal of the sampling switch 21 is connected to the output terminal of the capacitive sensor element 1 and the respective input terminals of the first switch 22 and the second switch 23, and the output terminal is connected to a load (constant current circuit).
- the sampling switch 21 is switched by the selection signal ⁇ X to set a sampling period. During the sampling period, the sampling switch 21 outputs a sensor output signal from the capacitive sensor element 1 to the first switch 22 and the second switch 23.
- the input terminal of the first switch 22 is connected to the output terminal of the capacitance sensor element 1, and the output terminal is connected to the above-described first connection point P1.
- the first switch 22 is switched by a first acquisition signal (first sample and hold signal) ⁇ N, and outputs a first signal (N level) during a sampling period.
- the input terminal of the second switch 23 is connected to the output terminal of the capacitive sensor element 1, and the output terminal is connected to the above-described second connection point P2.
- the second switch 23 is switched by a second acquisition signal (second sample and hold signal) ⁇ S, and outputs a second signal (S level) during a sampling period.
- the first acquisition signal (or first sample and hold signal) ⁇ N and the second acquisition signal (or second sample and hold signal) ⁇ S are used to continuously generate the first signal and the second signal during the sampling period. Is a switch drive signal.
- the first signal capacitor 24 stores the first signal N generated by the first switch 22.
- the second signal capacitor 25 stores the second difference signal S generated by the second switch 23.
- the sample hold clear switch 36 is switched by the selection signal ⁇ X_INV which is an inverted signal of the selection signal ⁇ X before the first switch 22 and the second switch 23 operate. At this time, the first switch 22 and the second switch 23 operate to set both the first signal capacitor 24 and the second signal capacitor 25 to the reference potential (VVCLR).
- the output switching circuit 20 includes a first signal clear switch (hereinafter, referred to as an output capacitor clear switch) 26, a second signal clear switch (hereinafter, referred to as an output capacitor clear switch) 27, a first signal amplifying unit 28, It comprises a two-signal amplifier 29, a first signal output capacitor 33, a second signal output capacitor 34, and a shift register (HSR) 44.
- the shift register (HSR) 44 drives N1.Sn to Nn.Sn for switching the signal of the sample hold circuit output (P1, P2).
- the output switching circuit 20 sequentially switches the switches H1 and N1 connected to the respective sample and hold circuits 19, and transfers the charges held in the first signal capacitor 24 and the second signal capacitor 25 to the first signal output. It is moved to the capacitor 33 and the second signal output capacitor 34. That is, one end of the first signal output capacitor 33 is connected to the reference potential (VHCLR) via the output capacitor reset switch 26, and the other end of the first signal output capacitor 33 is connected to the reference potential (AVSS). .
- One end of the second signal output capacitor 34 is connected to the reference potential (VHCLR) via the output capacitor reset switch 27, and the other end of the second signal output capacitor 34 is connected to the reference potential (AVSS).
- VHCLR reference potential
- AVSS reference potential
- the first signal amplifier 28 amplifies the first signal N.
- the second signal amplifier 29 amplifies the second signal S.
- the difference signal generation circuit 13 includes the difference calculation unit 30 and the AD conversion unit 31, and amplifies and outputs the difference between the first signal and the second signal output from the readout circuit 12.
- the difference signal generation circuit 13 is configured to digitally convert the difference signal output from the difference calculation unit 30 by one AD conversion unit 31.
- the difference signal generating circuit 13 converts the first signal and the second signal into digital signals by the two A / D converters 31, calculates the converted outputs by software, and calculates the difference. May be configured.
- FIG. 4B shows the output timing of the output switching circuit 20.
- the capacitance sensor element 1 When the first potential is applied from the external electrode 10, the capacitance sensor element 1 outputs a sensor output signal at a predetermined level, for example, an N-level voltage.
- the first signal N is a signal obtained when the external electrode 10 has the first potential.
- the second signal S is a signal obtained when the external electrode 10 has the second potential.
- the image processing circuit 14 generates an image signal according to the level of the difference signal.
- the image processing circuit 14 is a circuit that performs image processing such as gamma correction, edge detection, and image matching. Voltage detection and image processing by the capacitive sensor element 1 will be described with reference to the time charts shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B and the flowchart shown in FIG.
- FIG. 4A shows the output of the reset signal ⁇ R, the selection signal ⁇ X, the first signal acquisition signal ⁇ N, the second signal acquisition signal ⁇ S, and the first signal (P1) and the second signal (P2) of the sample and hold circuit 19.
- the waveform is shown.
- FIG. 4A is a diagram showing first to fourth periods in each operation.
- the first signal is a signal acquired when the first potential is applied to the external electrode 10.
- it is a signal corresponding to the reset voltage VR of the power receiving capacitor 3.
- the second signal is a signal obtained when the second potential is applied to the external electrode 10.
- the reset voltage is VR-Cs / (Cs + Cc) ⁇ (first potential ⁇ second potential).
- Cs is the capacity of the external electrode 10 and the sensor electrode
- Cc is the capacity of the power receiving capacitor.
- the sensor moving unit 56 brings the sensor electrode 2 close to the external electrode 10 to be inspected (Step S1).
- the control circuit 35 applies the first potential of the test signal from the test signal power supply 55 to the external electrode 10 (Step S2).
- the control circuit 35 sets the reset signal ⁇ R to the H level to drive the reset element 6 (Step S3).
- the control circuit 35 sets the reset signal ⁇ R to H level, the selection signal ⁇ X to L level, the first signal acquisition signal ⁇ N to H level, and the second signal acquisition signal ⁇ S to H level.
- the driven reset element 6 sets the power receiving capacitor 3 to a reset voltage VR (a reference potential or an offset voltage).
- Steps S2-S3 are the first period (reset period) in FIG. 4A.
- the control circuit 35 sequentially switches the first signal acquisition signal ⁇ N in the order of the L level and the H level while setting the reset element 6 to be non-conductive. Further, the control circuit 35 switches the second signal acquisition signal ⁇ S to the L level.
- the first switch 22 is turned on when the first signal acquisition signal ⁇ N at the H level is input.
- the first signal is stored in the first signal capacitor 24 by the conduction of the first switch 22 (step S4).
- Step S4 is a second period (first signal acquisition period) in FIG. 4A.
- the control circuit 35 applies the second potential to the external electrode 10 (Step S5).
- the potential held by the power receiving capacitor 3 of the capacitive sensor element 1 is determined by the capacitance of the power receiving capacitor 3, the capacitance of the electrostatic coupling between the external electrode 10 and the sensor electrode 2, and the first voltage and the second potential of the external electrode 10.
- the potential is determined by the difference.
- the selection signal ⁇ X is at the H level. Therefore, the selection switch element 5 maintains the ON state. Therefore, the capacitance sensor element 1 outputs the second signal of the voltage held in the power receiving capacitor 3 of the capacitance sensor element 1 as the sensor element output SO.
- the control circuit 35 inputs the H-level second signal acquisition signal ⁇ S to the second switch 23 to turn it on. By the conduction of the second switch 23, the second signal is stored in the second signal capacitor 25 (Step S6). Steps S5 to S6 are a third period (second signal acquisition period) in FIG. 4A.
- the sample and hold circuit 19 sequentially turns on the output switches N1 and S1 to Nn and Sn by a shift register (HSR) provided in the output switching circuit 20.
- HSR shift register
- the first signal and the second signal are read from the first signal capacitor 24 and the second signal capacitor 25.
- the read first signal and second signal are stored so as to move to the first signal output capacitor 33 and the second signal output capacitor 34.
- control circuit 35 reads the first signal and the second signal from the first signal output capacitor 33 and the second signal output capacitor 34 at the same timing.
- the read first signal and second signal are arbitrarily amplified by the first and second signal amplifiers 28 and 29, and then output to the differential signal generation circuit 13.
- the difference signal generation circuit 13 outputs a difference signal between the first signal and the second signal.
- the difference signal is converted into a digital signal by the AD converter 31 and is taken into the image processing circuit 14 (step S7).
- Step S7 is a fourth period (signal calling period) in FIG. 4A.
- the first signal output capacitor 33 and the second signal output capacitor 34 are set to the reference potential by the conduction of the output capacitor reset switches 26 and 27.
- step S8 determines whether or not the acquired difference signal has reached the required number of data. If it is determined in step S8 that the difference signal is less than the required number of data (NO), the process returns to step S2. At this time, the acquisition of the sensor output signal from the capacitance sensor element 1 and the output of the difference signal are repeated until the difference signal reaches the required data number in step S8. If the difference signal has reached the required number of data (YES), the control circuit 35 determines whether or not all the detection areas have been completed (step S9). If it is determined in step S9 that the detection of all the detection areas has not been completed (NO), the sensor moving unit 56 separates the sensor electrode 2 from the external electrode 10 and moves the sensor electrode 2 to the next detection area (step S9).
- step S10 the image processing circuit 14 performs image processing (step S11).
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a conceptual circuit configuration of a capacitance detection area sensor in which the capacitance sensor elements according to the embodiment are arranged in a two-dimensional array. Note that, with respect to the constituent parts of this capacitance detection area sensor, the same parts as those described above with reference to FIG.
- a plurality of capacitance sensor elements 1 are arranged in a matrix (two-dimensional array) of, for example, 256 columns ⁇ 256 rows.
- the chip size and the number of the capacitance sensor elements 1 are not limited.
- the shape of the area sensor 80 can be set appropriately, such as a square or a rectangle, depending on the shape of the inspection target.
- the capacitive sensor elements 1 arranged in a matrix are connected to a sensor element selection circuit composed of a vertical shift register (VSR) 46 and a horizontal shift register (HSR) 44, respectively.
- VSR vertical shift register
- HSR horizontal shift register
- a selection signal ( ⁇ X) line 41 serving as a row wiring is wired to an input terminal of the selection signal ⁇ X of each capacitance sensor element 1
- a reset signal ( ⁇ R) line 42 is wired to an input terminal of the reset signal ⁇ R
- a sensor output line 43 is connected to the output end of the capacitance sensor element 1.
- the selection signal line 41 and the reset signal line 42 are connected to a vertical shift register (VSR) 46.
- the sensor output line 43 is connected to a sample and hold circuit 45.
- the vertical shift register 46 receives, for example, a vertical shift register clock ⁇ V, a vertical shift register start pulse ⁇ VS, and a vertical shift register reset pulse ⁇ VR as drive control signals.
- the horizontal shift register (HSR) 44 receives, for example, a horizontal shift register clock ⁇ H, a horizontal shift register start pulse ⁇ HS, and a horizontal shift register reset pulse ⁇ HR as driving control signals, and switches the sample and hold circuit 19 by switching. Controls output timing.
- the sensor output signals sequentially read from the capacitance sensor elements 1 sequentially selected by the selection signal ⁇ X are temporarily input to the sample and hold circuit 19.
- the sample hold circuit 19 holds the sensor output signal at the timing of the first signal acquisition signal ⁇ N and the second acquisition signal ⁇ S.
- the sensor output signal read from the sample and hold circuit 19 by the horizontal shift register (HSR) 44 is output to the first signal amplifier 28 and the second signal amplifier 29 described above.
- a difference signal between the first signal and the second signal amplified by the first signal amplification unit 28 and the second signal amplification unit 29 is generated by the difference signal generation circuit 13 illustrated in FIG.
- the difference signal is converted by the image processing circuit 14 into an image signal.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an external configuration of the area sensor 80 as viewed from above.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional structure of one capacitance sensor element 1 constituting the area sensor 80.
- one sensor electrode 2 has a square shape.
- One side of the sensor electrode 2 is about ten and several ⁇ m.
- a frame-shaped shield electrode (M5) 71 which is slightly separated from the periphery of the sensor electrode 2 for insulation and is embedded so as to surround the sensor electrode 2 is formed.
- the shield electrode 71 is connected to the internal wiring (M4) 72.
- the shield electrode 71 has a function of reducing the influence of an electric field in an obliquely upward direction of the sensor electrode 2 and capacitance detection by the adjacent sensor electrode 2.
- the potential of the shield electrode 71 is substantially a ground potential.
- the area sensor 80 can achieve a high degree of integration.
- the area sensor 80 removes a component having a longer period than the sampling time ⁇ t with respect to the fluctuation or superimposed noise of the external electrode AVSS by the correlated double sampling operation by the readout circuit 12 and the difference signal generation circuit 13. can do.
- the fluctuation and the noise of the reset voltage the fluctuation and the noise stored in the electric storage element in the capacitance sensor element can be removed by performing the reset operation every time.
- the thermal noise of the ON resistance of the reset switch the thermal noise stored in the power storage element in the capacitance sensor element can be removed by performing the reset operation each time.
- the offset of the DC component of the output voltage can be removed with respect to the variation of the threshold voltage in the first and second signal amplifiers 28 and 29 which are cell amplifiers.
- a component having a longer period than the sampling time ⁇ t can be removed. Furthermore, the offset of the DC component of the output voltage can be removed with respect to the variation of the operating point of the drain voltage of the column current source.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example when the shield electrode 71 is used as the external electrode 10.
- the shield electrodes 71 are formed around each sensor electrode 2.
- a terminal ⁇ G is formed on the shield electrode 71.
- the terminal ⁇ G is connected to the inspection signal power supply 9.
- the test signal power supply 9 in the example of FIG. 9 is configured to apply the first potential V1 or the second potential V2 to the shield electrode 71 via the terminal G by switching the switch 9A. With such a configuration, the external electrode 10 is unnecessary.
- the shield electrode 71 has a frame shape surrounding the square sensor electrode 2.
- the shield electrode 71 does not necessarily have to have a frame shape.
- the rectangular shield electrode 71 may be arranged with respect to the sensor electrode 2.
- the shield electrode 71 may be a comb-shaped electrode configured to sandwich the sensor electrode 2.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a conceptual configuration of a conductive pattern inspection device equipped with a capacitance detection area sensor.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a conductive pattern image based on normal conductive pattern information used as a criterion.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a conductive pattern image to be inspected, which is used to explain the presence / absence of a defect and the detection of a defect position by image matching.
- the conductive pattern inspection device 51 includes an area sensor (capacity detection area sensor circuit) 80, a difference signal generation circuit 13, an image processing circuit 14, a storage unit 58, a comparison determination unit 59, a defect position information acquisition unit 60, Display unit 61, input unit 62, interface unit 63, selector 81, probe 82, switch 83, test signal power supply 55, sensor moving unit (sensor moving mechanism) 56, control unit 64, A timing control circuit 65.
- the area sensor 80 is equivalent to the area sensor shown in FIG.
- the area sensor 80 is arranged at a position facing the conductive pattern 101 of the circuit board 100 substantially in a non-contact manner.
- An extremely thin protective film (insulating film) is provided on the surface of the area sensor 80 on which the electrodes and the like are provided so as to cover the entire surface in order to prevent damage and wear or prevent contamination. Therefore, even if the area sensor 80 is brought into contact with the conductive pattern 101, the sensor electrode 2 and the conductive pattern as an external electrode are not substantially in contact. This is called substantially non-contact.
- the differential signal generation circuit 13 receives the detection signal from the area sensor 80 and generates a differential signal.
- the difference signal generation circuit 13 may be mounted on the area sensor 80.
- the image processing circuit 14 generates image data from the difference signal.
- the image processing circuit 14 performs an imaging process on the binary difference signal output from the control unit 64, and generates a conductive pattern image including the conductive pattern 101.
- the storage unit 58 stores the position information of the inspection target area.
- the inspection area (effective inspection area) of the area sensor 80 is smaller than the area of the conductive pattern 101 of the circuit board 100. Therefore, an inspection target area divided according to the inspection area of the area sensor 80 is set in the conductive pattern 101 of the circuit board. That is, a plurality of divided conductive patterns exist in the inspection target area.
- the inspection target area is allocated so that the edges slightly overlap each other. That is, when the acquired data is converted into an image by image processing, the inspection target area is set so that a common image serving as a margin at the time of bonding the images is included.
- the comparison determination unit 59 determines the quality of the conductive pattern 101 by image matching between the image data of the conductive pattern 101 generated by the image processing circuit 14 and the reference conductive pattern image data.
- the reference conductive pattern image data is image data of a normal conductive pattern without defects such as disconnection, short circuit, and chipping.
- the selector 81 switches the probe 82 that outputs the inspection signal.
- the selector 81 switches the probe 82 based on the control signal supplied from the timing control circuit 65 so that the inspection signal is supplied to each of the plurality of independent conductive patterns 101 on the circuit board 100.
- the selector 81 can be composed of, for example, a multiplexer, a demultiplexer, and the like.
- the tips of the probes 82 are in contact with the electrodes, which are one ends of the conductive patterns 101 on the circuit board 100, respectively.
- Each probe 82 supplies an inspection signal to the conductive pattern 101.
- the probe 82 is connected to the inspection signal power supply 55 via the switch 83.
- the first signal and the second signal acquired from the area sensor when the first potential and the second potential generated on the conductive pattern by the inspection signal supplied from the probe 82 are output from the difference signal generating circuit 13 as detection signals.
- the data is output to the control unit 64 through the processing circuit 14.
- the switch 83 switches the test signal power supply 55 connected to the probe 82.
- the test signal power supply 55 is configured to be able to supply test signals of the first potential and the second potential.
- the test signal power supply 55 supplies a test signal of the first potential or the second potential to the conductive pattern 101 by switching of the switch 83 by the timing control circuit 65.
- the sensor moving unit 56 moves the area sensor to an inspection position on a circuit board (printed wiring board: PCB).
- the sensor moving unit 56 repeatedly moves the area sensor 80 to the divided inspection target area to repeatedly inspect the circuit board 100.
- the distance between the area sensor 80 and the conductive pattern 101 is preferably 0.02 mm or less, but may be 0.5 mm or less in practice.
- the control unit 64 controls the entire apparatus and performs instructions and arithmetic processing necessary for the inspection. For example, a personal computer or a CPU (central processing unit) is used.
- the timing control circuit 65 controls the switching timing of the selector 81 and the application timing of the inspection signal power supply 55.
- the timing control circuit 65 controls the selector 81 with a control signal for selecting a probe and a test voltage applied to the conductor pattern.
- the timing control circuit 65 supplies a synchronization signal for driving the area sensor 80 in synchronization with the control signal supplied to the selector 81.
- the conductive pattern 101 is provided only on one side, but the conductive pattern 101 may be provided on both front and back surfaces.
- the two area sensors 80 are spaced apart from each other so that the formation surfaces of the conductive patterns 101 on the front and back of the circuit board are interposed therebetween. It is arranged so as to face the formation surface of 101.
- a substrate reversing mechanism may be provided in the conductive pattern inspection device 51. In this case, after the inspection of the conductive pattern on the surface is completed, the circuit board 100 is turned halfway by the board reversing mechanism and turned over. Thereafter, an inspection of the conductive pattern on the back surface side of the circuit board 100 is performed.
- the circuit board 100 includes a plurality of linear comb-shaped conductive patterns 101 extending from the electrode pads 104 and branching on the way.
- a comb-shaped conductive pattern will be described as an example, but is not limited to a comb-shaped pattern, and may be a conductive pattern for mounting a general electronic component.
- FIGS. 11A and 11B show an example of a conductive pattern image including the conductive pattern 101 imaged by the image processing circuit 14.
- FIG. 11A shows a normal conductive pattern serving as a criterion for determining no defect
- FIG. 11B shows an example of a conductive pattern having a short-circuit or disconnection defect.
- the black area indicates the wiring of the conductive pattern
- the white area indicates the area of the conductive pattern substrate itself where no wiring is formed.
- the two-color image shown as an example is not limited to a black and white color, and may be an image of two or more colors or an image displayed with two or more gradations.
- the wiring 106 indicated by a dotted line is an area of the conductive pattern to which the inspection signal is not supplied due to the disconnection (disconnection defect). Is displayed in white with a missing state. Further, the short-circuit portion (short-circuit defect) 105 is displayed as a wiring image because the inspection signal is supplied thereto.
- the storage unit 58 stores programs and applications used by the control unit 64.
- the storage unit 58 further stores image information of the reference conductive pattern image 101A generated from the normal conductive pattern shown in FIG.
- the reference conductive pattern image 101A is stored for each inspection target having a different pattern.
- the comparison / determination unit 59 includes an acquired inspection conductive pattern image 101B that is an inspection result output from the image processing circuit 14 as illustrated in FIG. 11B, and a reference conductive pattern image read from the storage unit 58 as illustrated in FIG. 11A. 101A is compared by a pattern matching process, and the disconnection portion 106 and the short-circuit portion 105 which are unique portions are extracted, and good / bad judgment is performed.
- the comparison determination unit 59 stores the determination result in the storage unit 58 and causes the display unit 61 to display the determination result.
- the control unit 64 acquires the position information or the coordinate information of the location determined to have the defect by the comparison determination unit 59, and stores it in the storage unit 58 together with the information on the determination result. This position information is used by the repair device as position information when the conductive pattern 103 to be a post-process is repaired.
- the display unit 61 is a display device such as a liquid crystal display.
- the display unit 61 includes at least information on the conductive pattern inspection performed by the control unit 64, the reference conductive pattern image 101A and the inspection conductive pattern image 101B output from the image processing circuit 14, and a pass / fail determination result. And are displayed.
- the pass / fail judgment result it is preferable to display both the reference conductive pattern image 101A and the test conductive pattern image 101B, which serve as the criterion, side by side on one screen, or to display them in different colors.
- the inspection conductive pattern image 101B even if the wiring actually exists, the inspection signal is not supplied due to the disconnection. For this reason, the area sensor 80 does not detect the inspection signal, and an image in which the wiring is missing is generated in the inspection conductive pattern image 123. Therefore, by comparing and displaying the reference conductive pattern image 113, which is a normal reference image, it is possible to prevent a defect from being overlooked.
- the input unit 62 is composed of a keyboard and a switch panel. Further, the input unit 62 may be a touch panel arranged on the display panel of the display unit 61. The input unit 62 inputs information related to the inspection of the conductive pattern and setting of selection.
- the interface unit 63 includes an interface for communicating with the conductive pattern inspection device 51 and, for example, a server of a repair device using a communication network such as a LAN or the Internet in order to share inspection information and the like.
- FIGS. 12A to 12E An example of a conductive pattern that can be inspected by the conductive pattern inspection apparatus of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 12A to 12E.
- FIG. 12A shows a straight conductive pattern 110.
- a broken portion 111 in which a part of the conductive pattern 110 is missing is shown. Since the disconnection state and the magnitude of the disconnection (length of a defective portion, etc.) can be visually recognized as an image, it is also possible to determine whether repair is possible.
- FIG. 12B is a conductive pattern 120 in which an annular loop pattern exists between two electrodes. Since the conductive pattern 120 has two current paths between the electrodes, even if one current path is broken, current flows on the other. Therefore, in a conventional inspection in which an inspection terminal is brought into contact and a test signal is supplied between two electrodes, even if there is a difference in the presence / absence of a disconnection, a difference is small in a detection value and a disconnection defect cannot be detected.
- the potential can be detected from the conductive pattern to the sensor electrode from the conductive pattern, except for the disconnection, if the inspection signal is applied to the conductive pattern facing the sensor electrode. For this reason, even if there is a disconnection defective portion 121 in the loop pattern, it can be detected as an image.
- FIG. 12C shows a plurality of conductive patterns 130 arranged in parallel in a straight line. Even if such a narrow portion 132 or a missing portion 131 of the conductive pattern exists, a defect cannot be detected by a conventional inspection using an inspection signal between two electrodes. Further, there is a case where it is not generated as a defect even at the stage of product inspection after being assembled into a product. For example, it is assumed that disconnection due to temporal change, particularly thermal stress or current concentration, or peeling (lifting) of the conductive pattern from the circuit board occurs. On the other hand, in the present embodiment, since the conductive pattern can be acquired as an image, it is easy to find a narrow portion or a missing portion in the conductive pattern.
- FIG. 12D shows a conductive pattern arranged close to the floating pattern.
- the conductive pattern 140 and the floating pattern 141 are electrically separated.
- a non-defective conductive pattern 140 and a floating pattern 141 serving as determination criteria
- a conductive pattern 151 and a floating pattern 152 in which a short-circuit defect 153 has occurred are shown.
- the conductive pattern 151 cannot detect a defect by the conventional inspection using an inspection signal between two electrodes. In order to detect this short-circuit defect, an electrode must be separately arranged on the floating pattern 152.
- the conductive pattern can be obtained as an image. Therefore, if a potential is applied between the electrodes other than in the current path, the conductive pattern and the floating pattern are obtained as images, so that short-circuit defects can be easily detected.
- FIG. 12E shows a conductor pattern formed on the coil pattern 160.
- Coil patterns are used for antennas of small portable devices and the like, and are used for transmitting and receiving radio waves and supplying power.
- the coil pattern 160 even if the short-circuited portion 161 occurs, only a bypass for short-circuiting the current path can be obtained. For this reason, the inspection signal between the two poles flows normally, and a short-circuit defect cannot be detected.
- the conductive pattern can be obtained as an image, a short-circuit defect between the coils can be easily detected.
- the inspection area (effective inspection area) by the area sensor 80 is smaller than the area of the conductive pattern on the circuit board 100.
- the control unit 64 divides the conductive pattern of the circuit board 100 into inspection areas of the area sensor 80, and sets position information (coordinate information) of those inspection areas and a movement route of the area sensor 80.
- the control unit 64 electrically connects the electrode pads to the probes 82 by bringing the respective electrode pads into contact with the tips of the probes 82 (step S23).
- the probe 82 is formed by a spring or the like so as not to damage the conductive pattern 101 such as abrasion or dent due to the contact of the probe tip, and to reduce the contact resistance so that the detection value does not vary. It has a mechanism for applying the set urging force.
- the sensor moving unit 56 moves the area sensor 80 to the inspection position (moves in the x- and y-axis directions) based on the inspection order and the coordinate information (x, y coordinates) determined previously (step S24). . Then, the area sensor 80 that has reached the inspection position is lowered (moved in the z-axis direction) by the sensor moving unit 56 so that the sensor electrode 2 approaches the conductive pattern to be inspected as much as possible. Are made to face each other (step S25). If the circuit board 100 does not move in the xy directions due to a shift or the like, the protective film formed on the surface of the sensor electrode 2 may be set in a state of contacting the conductive pattern. In this case as well, the surface of the sensor electrode 2 is not in direct contact with the conductive pattern, but is electrically in a capacitively coupled state.
- control unit 64 selectively switches the selector 81 so that the inspection signal is supplied to the segmented conductive pattern in the inspection target area where the sensor electrode 2 of the area sensor 80 faces (step S26).
- the switch 83 is switched so that the inspection signal of the first potential is applied to the conductive pattern, and then the switch 83 is switched so that the inspection signal of the second potential is applied to the conductive pattern.
- the control unit 64 outputs a difference signal (data) based on the above-described sensor output signal (Step S27).
- the control unit 64 determines whether or not the area sensor 80 has acquired data for one screen (Step S28).
- step S28 If it is determined in step S28 that there is a conductive pattern 101 for which data has not been acquired in the area to be inspected by the sensor electrode 2 (NO), the process returns to step S26. In this case, the control unit 64 switches the selector 81 to the conductive pattern 101 to which the inspection signal is not supplied, and supplies the inspection signal. On the other hand, if it is determined in step S28 that data has been obtained from all the conductive patterns 101 facing the sensor electrode 2 of the area sensor 80 (YES), the sensor moving unit 56 raises the area sensor 80. Then, the area sensor 80 and the conductive pattern 101 to be inspected this time are separated from each other to cancel the facing arrangement (step S29).
- the control unit 64 determines whether or not the acquisition of the sensor output has been completed from the conductive patterns of all the inspection target areas divided by the inspection area of the area sensor (Step S30). If it is determined in step S30 that acquisition of sensor outputs from the conductive patterns of all the inspection target areas has not been completed (NO), the process returns to step S24. In this case, the sensor moving unit 56 moves the area sensor 80 to the next inspection target area. On the other hand, if it is determined in step S30 that the acquisition of data from all the inspection target areas has been completed (YES), the image processing circuit 14 attaches the image based on the data acquired for each inspection target area, An inspection conductive pattern image is created (waveform synthesis) (step S31).
- the comparison / determination unit 59 performs a good / bad determination (step S32).
- the comparison / determination section 59 compares the created inspection conductive pattern image with the reference conductive pattern image read out from the storage section 58 by image matching processing, and detects a defect that is a peculiar portion, that is, a disconnection and a short circuit. Extract.
- the comparison / determination unit 59 calculates position information or coordinate information of a portion determined to have a defect in the pass / fail judgment (step S33).
- the comparison / determination unit 59 stores the information on the determination result in the storage unit 58 (step S34). Thus, a series of inspection sequences is completed.
- the information on the determination result includes position information (coordinate information) of the defective portion, defect image, type information of the circuit board to be inspected, and the like.
- the conductive pattern to be inspected is not only a straight line, but a detoured part and a bent part for mounting a circuit component, or a conductive pattern including a plurality of branches in the middle.
- the test signal can be supplied, the test signal can be detected by capacitive coupling.
- the shape of the conductive pattern can be displayed as an image, and it is easy to confirm the presence or absence of a defective portion and the position of the defective portion. Further, in the conventional inspection method, it is necessary to perform two different inspections: first, the presence or absence of a defective portion is detected by an electrical inspection, and then the defective portion is imaged and confirmed. On the other hand, the conductive pattern inspection apparatus according to the present embodiment can detect the presence and location of a defective portion from the conductive pattern image by one inspection, so that not only the inspection time is shortened but also the work required for the inspector. The load is reduced.
- the pass / fail judgment not only the presence / absence of a defective portion but also the conductive pattern of the inspected conductive pattern is displayed as an image. it can.
- the inspection result is acquired together with the defect image together with the position information (coordinate information)
- the position information of the defective portion is provided to the repair process which is a subsequent process, so that the work of the repair process is performed. It is possible to achieve a reduction and a reduction in the repair time.
- the conductive pattern to be inspected is not only a straight line but also a pattern having a plurality of branches such as a parallel pattern, a loop pattern, a coil pattern, and a comb pattern.
- detection can be performed regardless of the shape of the conductive pattern.
- it is possible to detect various defects that cannot be detected by a conventional electric test in which an inspection signal is supplied between electrodes and detected by a sensor electrode, such as a disconnection defect, a short-circuit defect, a thin pattern defect, and a defective pattern defect. it can.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a conceptual configuration of a cell size detection device 300 equipped with a capacitance detection area sensor.
- 15A and 15B are conceptual diagrams for explaining the operation of detecting the size of a cell in the cell size detection device 300.
- FIG. 16A is a diagram conceptually showing cells existing on an area sensor
- FIG. 16B is a diagram conceptually showing a cell image displayed on a display screen by imaging FIG. 16A.
- components having the same functions or functions as those in the first embodiment described above are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the cell size detection device 300 shown in FIG. 14 is roughly composed of the counter electrode 210, the area sensor 80, the control device 91, and the image processing circuit 14.
- the counter electrode unit 210 includes a counter electrode 201, a counter electrode switch 202, and a variable voltage power supply 203.
- the opposing electrode 201 and the area sensor 80 oppose each other with a substance filling the space therebetween, for example, the electrolytic solution 220 interposed therebetween.
- the counter electrode switch 202 is turned on / off by a counter electrode power control signal S1 from the control device 91.
- the variable voltage power supply 203 controls the voltage of a test signal to be supplied to the common electrode 201 according to the common electrode voltage control signal S2 from the control device 91.
- the control device 91 includes the difference signal generation circuit 13 (the difference calculation unit 30 and the AD conversion unit 31) and the timing control circuit 65.
- the timing control circuit 65 controls the timing at which the output from the area sensor 80 is obtained by the difference signal generation circuit 13.
- FIG. 14 illustrates the processing of sensor output signals output from two capacitive sensor elements as a representative.
- the sensor output signal is a signal output from each capacitance sensor element, and is not limited to two signals.
- the difference signal is output to the image processing circuit 14.
- the image processing circuit 14 generates an image signal according to the level of the difference signal.
- the display unit 61 shown in FIG. 10 described above displays cell images 211a and 221b as shown in FIG. 16B described later.
- the container that stores the area sensor 80 is a container having a bottom surface on which the area sensor 80 is arranged and a wall provided around the bottom surface in a watertight manner, for example, a container formed in a tray shape.
- a nitride film or an oxide film having a known capacity is formed on the sensor electrode 2 to protect the sensor electrode 2 from the electrolyte. May be.
- the counter electrode in the capacitance sensor element 1 of the present embodiment is not essential as a constituent element.
- the capacitance sensor element 1 has no counter electrode to which a voltage is applied and only the sensor electrode 2 is exposed to the electrolyte, the atmosphere, the atmosphere of an arbitrary gas, or the vacuum, It is also possible to detect a change in capacitance due to a substance propagating through the inside of the sensor electrode 2 and a change in voltage due to a charge due to an electric charge or ion or the like.
- the capacitance sensor element 1 can create an image from a change in capacitance when cells in the electrolyte adhere to the sensor electrode.
- FIG. 15A conceptually shows the configuration of the counter electrode 201 and the sensor electrode 2.
- the sensor electrode 2 is provided with a readout circuit 205 including a switch element (transistor) 204 and a capacitor.
- the cells 210a and 210b immersed in the electrolyte 220 are placed on the sensor electrode 2 of the area sensor 80. Further, the counter electrode 201 is arranged in parallel with the area sensor 80 in a state where air bubbles and the like do not enter the electrolytic solution 220. Next, the above-described inspection signal is supplied from the variable voltage power supply 203. At this time, as shown in FIG. 15B, the capacity of the electrolytic solution 220 between the counter electrode 201 and the sensor electrode 2 is denoted by C0. When the cell 210a exists between the counter electrode 201 and the sensor electrode 2, the capacitance Cx of the cell 210a is set.
- the capacitance between the counter electrode 201 and the sensor electrode 2 becomes Cx1.
- the capacitance C0 ⁇ the capacitance Cx. Accordingly, the presence of the cells 210a and 210b causes the electric charge to be stored, so that the obtained detection signal value also increases.
- the cell size detection device 300 of the present embodiment can acquire a sensor detection signal according to the size and shape of the cell placed or in contact with the capacitance detection area sensor. Therefore, the size and shape of the same cell or different cells can be easily compared.
- the size or shape of the cell changes with time, it is possible to easily observe the time-dependent change in the cell by continuously detecting the volume at predetermined time intervals. Further, in the present embodiment, since the area sensor detects a change in capacitance between the counter electrode 201 and the sensor electrode 2 in a short period of time and forms an image, the cells 210a and 210b do not stagnate on the area sensor and remain in the electrolyte. Even when the cell is moving, volume detection can be performed to detect the size and shape of a plurality of cells.
- FIG. 17 is a conceptual diagram for describing an antigen capture operation in the antigen capture and detection device 400.
- components having the same functions or functions as the components of the second embodiment described above are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the antigen capture and detection device 400 of this embodiment is equipped with the above-described capacity detection area sensor, and detects capture of the antigen 235 by the aptamer (nucleic acid aptamer or the like) 234 in real time.
- the aptamer nucleic acid aptamer or the like
- an antibody that binds to the antigen 235 may be used.
- the antigen capture / detection device 400 is equivalent to the configuration of the cell size detection device 300 in the second embodiment described above, and has a different configuration in which a fixing layer 232, a cross-linking agent 233, and an aptamer 234 are stacked on the sensor electrode 2. ing. Note that a nitride film or an oxide film having a known capacity may be formed between the sensor electrode 2 and the fixing layer 232 and used as a protective film.
- the aptamer 234 captures the antigen 235, detects a change in capacity caused by specific binding, and displays the change in capacity as an image.
- the electrolyte 220 or the like is filled so that air bubbles and the like are not formed between the sensor electrode 2 of the area sensor 80 and the counter electrode 201.
- the capacity of the electrolyte has the capacity C0 described above.
- the antigen 235 floating in the electrolytic solution 220 has, for example, a certain capacity Cx. Therefore, as in the second embodiment described above, when the antigen 235 does not exist between the sensor electrode 2 and the counter electrode 201, a test signal corresponding to the capacitance C0 of the electrolytic solution is detected. On the other hand, when the antigen 235 exists between the sensor electrode 2 and the counter electrode 201, a test signal corresponding to the capacitance Cx of the antigen 235 is detected.
- the antigen 235 that is not captured by the aptamer 234 is suspended in the electrolytic solution, a composition image having a different pattern is obtained each time the volume is detected. Further, when the antigen 235 is captured by the aptamer 234, the fixed pattern appears in the continuous image generated by the continuous detection of the capacity because the capacity Cx of the antigen 235 is fixed. Usually, as time elapses from the start of detection, the area of the fixed pattern increases. The inspection signal may be supplied every time the capacitance is detected.
- the capacitance between the counter electrode 201 and the sensor electrode 2 is Cx.
- the capacitance C0 the capacitance Cx, and the charge is stored when the antigen 235 is present, so that the obtained detection signal value is also large. Therefore, as a result of the determination, if these sensor output signals are binarized and image signal processing is performed, a state in which the antigen 235 is captured by the aptamer 234 is imaged and displayed on the display screen.
- the antigen is captured by the aptamer 234 with the lapse of time, the charge is biased in the electrolytic solution, and the change in capacity is imaged. And distribution can be visually confirmed.
- the present invention is not limited to those described in the above embodiment, and may be variously modified without departing from the gist thereof. Further, various inventions that solve the above-described problems are extracted by selecting or combining a plurality of disclosed constituent elements.
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Abstract
Description
また、2点の検査位置による検出では、欠陥の有無は検出できるが、パターン途中にある欠陥箇所の位置は特定できない。このため、光学系の観察機器又は撮像機器が搭載された回路検査装置であれば、例えば、欠陥を有していると判定された導電パターンを拡大表示して、作業者の目視で欠陥箇所まで導電パターンを追跡しなければならない。欠陥箇所の検出に要する時間においても作業者の能力や経験度の違いなど人的な要因が大きいため、作業効率を改善することは容易ではない。
水平シフトレジスタ(HSR)44によって、サンプルホールド回路19から読み出されたセンサ出力信号は、前述した第1信号増幅部28及び第2信号増幅部29に出力される。さらに、第1信号増幅部28及び第2信号増幅部29により増幅された第1信号及び第2信号の差分信号は、図3に示した差分信号生成回路13で生成される。差分信号は、画像処理回路14により画像信号に変換される。
図10は、容量検出エリアセンサを搭載する導電パターン検査装置の概念的な構成を示す図である。図11は、判定基準に用いる正常な導電パターン情報に基づく、導電パターン画像の一例を示す図である。図12は、検査対象となった導電パターン画像であり、画像マッチングによる欠陥の有無及び欠陥位置の検出に関して説明するための図である。
制御部64は、装置全体を制御して検査に必要な指示や演算処理を行う、例えば、パーソナルコンピュータやCPU(中央演算処理部)等が用いられる。
制御部64は、図示しない基板搬送機構を用いて、回路基板を検査装置の検査テーブルの基板装着位置に配置する(ステップS21)。次に、制御部64は、回路基板における基準位置マーク又は導電パターンの一部で予め定めた箇所を基準位置として定めた後、基準位置を座標原点(x=0,y=0)として、座標設定を行う(ステップS22)。この時、制御部64は、エリアセンサ80を導電パターンに近接させるために、検査テーブル面又は回路基板の導電パターン形成面を高さ方向(Z方向)における座標原点(z=0)の基準も設定する。
次に、容量検出エリアセンサを利用した細胞サイズ検出装置について説明する。
図14は、容量検出エリアセンサを搭載する細胞サイズ検出装置300の概念的な構成を示す図である。図15A,15Bは、細胞サイズ検出装置300における細胞のサイズを検出する動作について説明するための概念図である。図16Aは、エリアセンサ上に存在する細胞を概念的に示す図、図16Bは、図16Aを画像化して、表示画面に表示された細胞画像を概念的に示す図である。尚、図14に示す構成部位について、前述した第1の実施形態の構成部位と同等の機能又は作用する構成部位には、同じ参照符号を付して、その詳細な説明は省略する。
次に、容量検出エリアセンサを利用した抗原捕捉検出装置について説明する。
Claims (8)
- 電荷を有する検出対象物と容量結合して容量変化に従う電荷を検出するセンサ電極と、該センサ電極の電荷を蓄電する蓄電素子と、該蓄電素子をリセットするリセット素子とを含む複数の容量センサ素子を、2次元アレイ状に配置する容量検出エリアセンサ回路と、
前記容量検出エリアセンサ回路に対して、容量結合する前記容量センサ素子を行毎又は列毎に順次、選択するセンサ素子選択回路と、
前記センサ電極から第1電位の第1信号と、前記第1電位とは異なった第2電位の第2信号を前記容量センサ素子から取得する読み出し回路と、
読み出された前記第1信号を保存する列毎に設けられる第1信号保存回路と、
読み出された前記第2信号を保存する列毎に設けられる第2信号保存回路と、
保存された前記第1信号と前記第2信号の差分をとり、差分信号を生成する差分信号生成回路と、
前記差分信号生成回路からの前記差分信号のレベルに基づき、前記検出対象物の形状を示す画像を生成する画像処理回路と、
選択される前記2次元アレイの行毎に前記容量検出エリアセンサ回路の前記リセット素子を導通させてリセットし前記センサ電極の電位を基準値に設定した後、前記リセット素子を非導通に設定し、前記第1信号を取得して前記第1信号保存回路に保存し、予め設定した期間の経過後に、前記第2信号を取得して前記第2信号保存回路に保存し、設定時間経過後に、前記第1信号保存回路及び前記第2信号保存回路から読み出した前記第1信号と前記第2信号との差分信号を演算する制御部と、
を備える容量検出エリアセンサ。 - 前記センサ電極を周囲から絶縁するように前記センサ電極と離間して配置されたシールド電極をさらに具備し、
前記シールド電極には、前記第1電位又は前記第2電位が印加される、請求項1に記載の容量検出エリアセンサ。 - 基板上に形成される検査対象の導電パターンに、電位差を有する第1電位と第2電位の検査信号を供給する検査信号供給部と、
前記導電パターンと容量結合して容量変化に従う電荷を検出するセンサ電極を有し、前記導電パターンへ給電する前記検査信号の第1電位時と第2電位時のタイミングで前記センサ電極から第1のセンサ出力信号と第2のセンサ出力信号を取得する容量センサ素子を、2次元アレイ状に配置する容量検出エリアセンサと、
前記容量検出エリアセンサを保持し、前記導電パターンの検査対象領域に前記容量検出エリアセンサの前記センサ電極を移動し、前記センサ電極を前記導電パターンに近接するセンサ移動機構と、
前記容量検出エリアセンサから取得したセンサ出力信号から差分を取り、差分信号を生成する差分信号生成回路を搭載する制御部と、
前記制御部から出力された前記差分信号の値により異なる色又は異なる階調の画像を割り当て、前記導電パターンの形状を示す検査導電パターン画像を生成する画像処理部と、
予め設定された前記導電パターンの比較基準となる基準導電パターン画像と、前記画像処理部により生成された前記検査導電パターン画像とを比較して、差異による不良箇所を判定する比較判定部と、
を備える、導電パターン検査装置。 - 前記センサ電極上に、絶縁性を有する薄膜からなる保護膜が形成されている、請求項3に記載の導電パターン検査装置。
- 請求項1に記載の前記容量検出エリアセンサを備える装置であって、
外部電極と前記容量センサ素子との間に電解液を封止し、前記電解液内に固有の容量を有する少なくとも1つの被検体を流入し、
前記容量センサ素子が前記外部電極との間の容量変化に従う電荷量の電荷を検出し、前記電荷量の変化に基づき、前記画像処理回路により、前記被検体のサイズと形状を示す画像を生成する、容量検出エリアセンサ装置。 - 請求項1に記載の前記容量検出エリアセンサを備える装置であって、
前記容量センサ素子の前記センサ電極上に、定着層、架橋剤及びアプタマーを積層形成し、外部電極と前記センサ電極との間に電解液を封止し、前記電解液内に固有の容量を有する少なくとも1つの抗原を流入し、
前記アプタマーが前記抗原を捕捉することに伴う外部電極との間の容量変化に従う電荷量の電荷を検出して、前記電荷量の変化に基づき、画像処理回路により、前記抗原が前記アプタマーに捕捉される状態を示す連続画像を生成する、容量検出エリアセンサ装置。 - 電荷を有する検出対象物と容量結合し、前記検出対象物との間の容量変化に従う電荷を検出するセンサ電極と、
前記センサ電極が検出した前記電荷を蓄電する受電用キャパシタと、
前記センサ電極が検出した前記電荷を蓄電する前に、前記受電用キャパシタを基準電圧に設定するリセット素子と、
前記受電用キャパシタから読み出した前記電荷を増幅し、センサ出力信号を生成する増幅素子と、
前記増幅素子を駆動制御し、前記センサ出力信号を出力させる選択スイッチ素子と、
を備える容量センサ素子。 - 半導体基板の主面上に形成される、前記受電用キャパシタと前記増幅素子と前記選択スイッチ素子と前記リセット素子を含む回路素子が形成される回路素子領域と、
前記回路素子領域上に層間絶縁膜を介して、最上面に形成される前記センサ電極と、
前記層間絶縁膜内に形成され、回路素子間を接続する又は外部と接続する少なくとも一層から成る配線層及び、前記センサ電極と前記回路素子領域を鉛直方向に接続する配線と、で構成される請求項7に記載の容量センサ素子。
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JP2023054693A (ja) * | 2021-10-04 | 2023-04-14 | オー・エイチ・ティー株式会社 | 検査装置及び検査方法 |
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CN112352164A (zh) | 2021-02-09 |
KR102453185B1 (ko) | 2022-10-07 |
US11567114B2 (en) | 2023-01-31 |
TWI827680B (zh) | 2024-01-01 |
CN112352164B (zh) | 2023-08-18 |
US20210293866A1 (en) | 2021-09-23 |
WO2020059014A1 (ja) | 2020-03-26 |
KR20210013117A (ko) | 2021-02-03 |
JPWO2020059355A1 (ja) | 2021-08-30 |
TW202030488A (zh) | 2020-08-16 |
JP7157423B2 (ja) | 2022-10-20 |
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