WO2020029962A1 - 扬声器单元及扬声器装置 - Google Patents

扬声器单元及扬声器装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020029962A1
WO2020029962A1 PCT/CN2019/099457 CN2019099457W WO2020029962A1 WO 2020029962 A1 WO2020029962 A1 WO 2020029962A1 CN 2019099457 W CN2019099457 W CN 2019099457W WO 2020029962 A1 WO2020029962 A1 WO 2020029962A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
diaphragm
voice coil
speaker unit
magnetic
magnetic circuit
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PCT/CN2019/099457
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张永春
Original Assignee
张永春
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 张永春 filed Critical 张永春
Priority to JP2021531167A priority Critical patent/JP7191348B2/ja
Priority to EP19847873.7A priority patent/EP3836561B1/en
Priority to US17/266,421 priority patent/US11356781B2/en
Priority to KR1020217006468A priority patent/KR102461085B1/ko
Publication of WO2020029962A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020029962A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/06—Loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
    • H04R7/12—Non-planar diaphragms or cones
    • H04R7/122—Non-planar diaphragms or cones comprising a plurality of sections or layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
    • H04R7/12—Non-planar diaphragms or cones
    • H04R7/14—Non-planar diaphragms or cones corrugated, pleated or ribbed
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H04R9/022—Cooling arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H04R9/025—Magnetic circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H04R9/04—Construction, mounting, or centering of coil
    • H04R9/046—Construction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2207/00—Details of diaphragms or cones for electromechanical transducers or their suspension covered by H04R7/00 but not provided for in H04R7/00 or in H04R2307/00
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2207/00—Details of diaphragms or cones for electromechanical transducers or their suspension covered by H04R7/00 but not provided for in H04R7/00 or in H04R2307/00
    • H04R2207/021—Diaphragm extensions, not necessarily integrally formed, e.g. skirts, rims, flanges
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2400/00—Loudspeakers
    • H04R2400/11—Aspects regarding the frame of loudspeaker transducers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of electric speakers, in particular to a speaker unit and a speaker device.
  • the speaker unit is a key component of the audio equipment, and its quality directly affects the sound quality of the audio equipment.
  • the shape and structure of each component of the conventional speaker unit have been round structures.
  • most diaphragms are conical diaphragms.
  • the effective area of conical diaphragm vibration is small, and the efficiency of sound energy conversion is poor.
  • the circular diaphragm will generate radial and axial split vibrations when it moves, and then a large number of diaphragms will be generated.
  • Interference harmonics form harmonic distortion.
  • most of the existing speakers are driven by a single engine and adopt an external magnetic structure.
  • the voice coil is prone to non-linear offset during movement, causing various distortion problems such as harmonic distortion and phase distortion.
  • the existing speakers have poor heat dissipation effects, which may cause the voice coil to de-glue, short-circuit or be damaged, or deform the diaphragm, centering support, etc., and affect the performance of the speakers.
  • a linear sound source formed by a conventional professional line array is generally generated by a cone speaker or at least a bass is generated by a cone speaker.
  • the linear sound source is an eclectic line array containing a spherical wave, rather than a pure line array formed by a cylindrical wave.
  • Boundary curve l spherical wave array lines on both sides. 1 2 l exponentially graded.
  • the intersection area S of adjacent wave fronts in the spherical wave radiated between multiple speakers shows an exponential gradient in four directions. After the array of multiple wave fronts, the intersection area cannot be weakened, that is, multiple spherical waves cannot be coupled in an orderly manner. , It is easy to form a chaotic sound field, which generates interference and affects the effective coverage of the sound.
  • the object of the present invention is to solve at least one of the above-mentioned defects and deficiencies, and the object is achieved by the following technical solutions.
  • the present invention provides a speaker unit.
  • the main body of the speaker unit is a rectangular basin-shaped structure, including a suspension system, a magnetic circuit system with a ring-shaped magnetic gap, and a phase connection between the suspension system and the magnetic circuit system.
  • a connected basin frame that houses the suspension system and the magnetic circuit system, the magnetic circuit system is fixed in the basin frame, and the suspension system includes a diaphragm and a diaphragm connected to the diaphragm.
  • the magnetic circuit system includes at least one magnetic circuit component matching the voice coil, one end of the voice coil is connected to the diaphragm through a voice coil skeleton, and the voice coil The other end is suspended in the annular magnetic gap formed by the magnetic circuit assembly, and the voice coil can reciprocate in a piston type in the axial direction in the annular magnetic gap to promote the vibration of the diaphragm. sound.
  • the suspension system further includes a centering support and a folding ring
  • the diaphragm includes a diaphragm bottom, a membrane body, and a diaphragm edge connected in order from the inside to the outside.
  • the centering support piece outside the voice coil skeleton is fixed on the basin frame, the edge of the diaphragm is connected to the edge of the basin frame through the folding ring, and the bottom of the diaphragm is connected to the vibration
  • the membrane edges are connected by the membrane body, and the membrane body is configured as a three-dimensional array structure composed of a plurality of irregular surface bodies, and the three-dimensional array structure covers the surface of the membrane body. Regular faces are connected to each other by edges.
  • the diaphragm further includes a diaphragm chassis disposed at the bottom of the diaphragm, the diaphragm chassis is adhered to the back of the bottom of the diaphragm, and the diaphragm is fixedly connected to the diaphragm via the diaphragm chassis.
  • the diaphragm chassis is provided with a voice coil connection portion connected to the voice coil skeleton.
  • the voice coil is wound around an outer periphery of one end of the voice coil skeleton, and the other end of the voice coil skeleton is connected to the diaphragm chassis through the voice coil connection portion.
  • the irregular surface is a triangular surface, and the shapes and sizes of a plurality of the triangular surfaces are not completely the same.
  • the magnetic circuit assembly includes a magnetic bowl, a magnet, and a magnetically conductive plate
  • the magnetic bowl is installed at the bottom of the basin frame
  • the magnet and the magnetically conductive plate are located in the magnetic bowl
  • the magnet One end of the magnetic bowl is attached to the bottom of the magnetic bowl
  • the other end of the magnet is attached to the magnetic conductive plate.
  • the annular magnetic gap is formed between the magnetic bowl and the magnet and the magnetic conductive plate.
  • the voice coil is located in the annular magnetic gap.
  • a plurality of the voice coils and a plurality of the magnetic circuit components are provided, and the cross-sectional shapes of the voice coils and the magnetic circuit components are rectangular, and the annular magnetic gap is a rectangular annular magnetic gap. .
  • a plurality of the voice coils are connected to each other through a circuit, and the circuit includes a series circuit, a parallel circuit, or a series-parallel integrated circuit.
  • a circuit board for providing a current to the voice coil is provided at the bottom of the diaphragm, and a plurality of the voice coils are respectively connected to the circuit board through leads.
  • the voice coil is wound by a strip-shaped single piece body, and the single piece body includes a printed flexible circuit board or a single-sided insulated metal foil tape.
  • the voice coil skeleton is a high temperature resistant material
  • the high temperature resistant material includes a high temperature resistant injection molding material or a lightweight ceramic material
  • the voice coil skeleton is an integrated structure.
  • the centering branch is a rectangular ring structure, and the centering branch includes a base layer, a flexible outer ring, and a rigid inner ring.
  • the outer ring is disposed on a base layer close to the basin frame.
  • the inner ring is disposed on a side of the base layer close to the voice coil, and the base layer, the outer ring, and the inner ring are integrally formed by pressing.
  • the folded ring is a rectangular ring structure, and the cross-sectional shape of the folded ring is corrugated, and the corrugated shape includes at least one wave peak and at least one wave valley, and the shapes of the different wave peaks and the wave valleys are incomplete.
  • the folding ring is provided with a plurality of reinforcing ribs for reinforcing the folding ring, and adjacent reinforcing ribs are spaced a certain distance apart.
  • the basin frame is an integrated structure, the edges of the basin frame adopt a circular arc transition, a side surface of the basin frame is provided with a gradual supporting mechanism, and a bottom of the basin frame is provided with a ventilation mechanism.
  • the present invention also provides a speaker device including at least one of the above-mentioned speaker units.
  • a plurality of the speaker devices form a linear array speaker system.
  • the present invention sets the speaker unit into a rectangular rounded corner structure, which optimizes the structure of the speaker, and the corners and corners of the speaker adopt smooth curve or curved surface transition, which is beautiful and practical.
  • the present invention adopts a diaphragm with a rectangular pot-shaped structure, and the diaphragm is constructed as a three-dimensional geometric structure composed of irregular triangular faces, which not only increases the rigid modulus and self-damping of the diaphragm, but also increases air disturbance. , To improve the conversion of sound frequency;
  • the rectangular diaphragm structure of the diaphragm not only reduces mechanical distortion loss and group delay, but also reduces segmentation vibration, nonlinear motion, acoustic focusing, and anterior chamber effects.
  • the speaker unit of the present invention uses multiple engines to coordinate and cooperate to drive the diaphragm vibration, so that the movement of the speaker is more linear, thereby reducing non-linear distortion, and making the movement more balanced and stable.
  • Coil circuit to control impedance R E and inductive reactance L VC and then reasonable control Q ES , Q MS , Q TS can effectively reduce power consumption, improve speaker efficiency, and also reduce resonance frequency f s ; multiple engine components work together and Mutual restriction can reduce all kinds of distortion and improve the acoustic performance of the speaker. In addition, it also expands the size range of the size of the speaker unit and the scope of application of the speaker.
  • the present invention reduces the non-linearity of the piston movement by changing the structure of the voice coil and the voice coil skeleton, improves the acoustic performance of the speaker and improves the heat dissipation effect of the voice coil, and at the same time dissipates heat through the drainage and ventilation of the magnetic circuit.
  • the basin frame is designed for heat dissipation, which strengthens air circulation and achieves sufficient heat dissipation.
  • the basin frame of the present invention can reduce the quality and cost of the product while satisfying the rigidity requirements and installation size requirements when supporting, and can effectively reduce various resonances that the basin frame may generate, and improve the sound quality of the speaker.
  • the present invention uses a variety of materials to overmold the centering support piece, which can effectively improve the radial high rigidity of the inner ring and the axial high compliance of the outer ring of the centering support piece, thereby reducing the voice coil.
  • the present invention can effectively improve the radial rigidity of the folded ring, and at the same time reduce the harmonic resonance, thereby reducing the attached diaphragm effect of the folded ring and improving the sound quality of the speaker;
  • the radial rigidity increases the toughness, fatigue resistance and service life of the folded ring, and can also effectively suppress resonance and harmonics.
  • 1 is a schematic diagram of a line array system composed of a spherical wave speaker
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded schematic view of a three-dimensional structure of a speaker unit according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective structural diagram of a speaker unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a side view of a speaker unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a top view of a speaker unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a bottom view of a speaker unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of sound wave diffusion when a diaphragm of a speaker unit is vibrated according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 8 is an assembly schematic diagram of a diaphragm and a voice coil of a speaker unit according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an engine system of a speaker unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a working schematic diagram of an engine system of a speaker unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic circuit connection diagram of a voice coil of a speaker unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a centering support piece of a speaker unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a folding ring of a speaker unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a folded ring of a speaker unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 15 is a schematic diagram of a linear array system composed of a cylindrical wave speaker according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 to 6 are schematic structural diagrams of a speaker unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the main structure of the speaker unit 100 provided by the present invention is a rectangular basin-like structure, including a suspension system, a magnetic circuit system having a rectangular ring-shaped magnetic gap, and the suspension system and
  • the basin frame 10 is connected to the magnetic circuit system.
  • the basin frame 10 accommodates a suspension system and a magnetic circuit system.
  • the magnetic circuit system is fixed in the basin frame 10.
  • the suspension system includes a diaphragm 20, a centering support 50, and a folding ring. 60 and at least one voice coil 31 for driving the diaphragm 20.
  • the magnetic circuit system includes at least one magnetic circuit assembly 40 that cooperates with the voice coil 31.
  • the magnetic circuit assembly 40 provides a magnetic field for the movement of the voice coil 31.
  • One end is fixedly connected to the bottom of the diaphragm 20 through a voice coil skeleton 32, and the other end of the voice coil 31 is suspended in a magnetic gap 44 formed by the magnetic circuit assembly 40. After the current is passed in, the voice coil 31 can The piston reciprocates in the axial direction to push the diaphragm 20 to vibrate and push air to generate sound waves.
  • the diaphragm 20 is a one-piece structure, and includes a diaphragm bottom 21, a membrane body 22, and a diaphragm edge 23 connected in order from the inside to the outside.
  • the diaphragm bottom 21 is fixed to the centering branch 50 sleeved on the outside of the voice coil skeleton 32.
  • the diaphragm edge 23 is fixedly connected to the edge of the basin frame 10 through a folding ring 60, and the diaphragm bottom 21 and the diaphragm edge 23 are connected through a membrane body 22.
  • the membrane body 22 is configured by a plurality of irregularities.
  • a three-dimensional array structure composed of a planar body.
  • the three-dimensional array structure covers the surface (including the front surface and the back surface) of the film body 22, and adjacent irregular surface bodies are connected to each other by their edges.
  • the irregular surface is a triangular surface, and the shapes and sizes of the multiple triangular surfaces are not exactly the same.
  • the stability of the three-dimensional array structure composed of irregular planes can ensure the stable support of the diaphragm 20, increase the rigid modulus of the diaphragm 20, reduce the mechanical distortion loss of the diaphragm 20, and the divisional vibration.
  • the sides of the triangular facet 221 and the edges shared by adjacent triangles constitute the skeleton of the diaphragm 20, which has a large rigid modulus and can play a stable supporting role; meanwhile, the triangular geometry itself is stable. structure.
  • each triangle geometry is on a different plane, and there is no plane that is prone to split vibration, which makes it difficult for the diaphragm 20 to generate split vibration, thereby reducing harmonic distortion; due to the different structures of different triangular faces 221, and different triangular faces in The surface of the membrane body 22 is staggered and distributed, and the lines and the surfaces are mutually restricted, so that segmentation vibration cannot be generated.
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic diagram of sound wave radiation of a diaphragm provided according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a solid line arrow L in the figure indicates the axial line direction of the speaker diaphragm 20, and a dashed arrow L 1 indicates a sound wave radiation direction perpendicular to a plane.
  • the overall rectangular basin-like structure of the speaker diaphragm 20 makes the distance from the axis L of the speaker diaphragm 20 to the surroundings unequal, which cannot form a gathering area.
  • the multiple triangular faces 221 that are not in the same plane are perpendicular to the triangular faces 221
  • the sound wave radiation directions L 1 are different, which can increase the diffusion and reduce the anterior chamber effect, thereby reducing the phase distortion.
  • V D S D ⁇ X Max , where V D is an air displacement, S D is the area of the diaphragm 20 is expanded, X Max is the maximum linear displacement of the voice coil in the magnetic gap.
  • the membrane body 22 is a three-dimensional array structure, which increases the expanded area of the diaphragm 20, and the air particles, ie, the air displacement, disturbed by the diaphragm 20 randomly increase, so that the converted acoustic energy is increased, and the acoustic frequency conversion rate is improved.
  • a dust cap 70 is provided at the center of the front face of the diaphragm bottom 21, and the dust cap 70 is affixed to the center of the diaphragm 20 to prevent dust from entering the magnetic gap 44 to affect the audio performance. At the same time, the dust cap 70 can play The positive diffusion effect reduces the collision of air particles containing sound waves, and reduces the phase distortion and harmonic distortion caused by the collision.
  • the material used for the diaphragm 20 is mainly pulp, and a certain amount of carbon fiber and wool are added to modify the pulp to enhance its service life, anti-fatigue ability and self-damping.
  • a diaphragm chassis 24 is provided at the bottom 21 of the diaphragm.
  • the diaphragm chassis 24 has a certain rigidity.
  • the diaphragm chassis 24 is provided with an installation interface connected to the voice coil skeleton 32. The diaphragm chassis 24 can quickly position the diaphragm 20 and the voice coil skeleton 32 and can be assembled on the bottom of the basin frame 10 through the centering support 50.
  • a circuit board 241 for connecting with the voice coil 31 is also provided at the center of the diaphragm chassis 24, and provides external current for the voice coil 31.
  • the voice coil 31 and the magnetic circuit assembly 40 constitute an engine system of the speaker unit 100, which can provide power for the vibration of the diaphragm 20.
  • the number of the voice coil 31 and the magnetic circuit assembly 40 can be set according to the caliber size of the speaker unit 100.
  • the engine system can also adopt a multi-engine system.
  • the single-engine system is configured as a single-engine component composed of one voice coil 31 and a magnetic circuit component 40
  • the multi-engine system is configured as a combined array of multiple single-engine components composed of multiple voice coils 31 and multiple magnetic circuit components 40 mode.
  • the multiple voice coils 31 and the magnetic circuit component 40 cooperate to form a multi-engine system, and jointly drive the same diaphragm 20 to vibrate.
  • the speaker unit 100 is provided with four voice coils 31 and four magnetic circuit components 40, and different sound The circles 31 are connected by a circuit.
  • the cross-sectional shapes of the voice coil 31 and the magnetic circuit assembly 40 are set to be rectangular, and the rectangle includes a rectangle Or square, with rounded transitions around the rectangle. The use of rounded transitions can reduce the collision of the voice coil 31 in the magnetic gap and reduce the damage of the voice coil 31.
  • the voice coil 31 is wound by using a printed flexible circuit board (FPC) or a single-sided insulated metal foil tape.
  • the printed flexible circuit board (FPC) or the metal foil tape is a strip-shaped monolithic structure.
  • the strip-shaped sheet body is wound on a rectangular cylindrical voice coil skeleton 32 to form a rectangular ring-shaped voice coil 31.
  • the voice coil 31 is connected to the bottom of the diaphragm 20 through the voice coil skeleton 32.
  • the flexible circuit board When a printed flexible circuit board (FPC) is used, the flexible circuit board includes a conductive layer and an insulating layer, and one side of the insulating layer abuts against the voice coil skeleton 32 when winding.
  • a plurality of longitudinal conductive layers may be provided on the flexible circuit board. The plurality of conductive layers are attached to the insulating layer and are arranged closely wound on the voice coil frame 32.
  • a rectangular ring-shaped voice coil 31 is formed on the outer periphery.
  • the voice coil 31 is wound with a thin strip-shaped sheet body, the heat dissipation area is large, which can greatly improve the heat dissipation effect of the voice coil 31 and reduce the damage of the voice coil 31.
  • the thin strip-shaped sheet body can be wound multiple times on the voice coil skeleton 32 to increase the length of the voice coil.
  • F BLI, it can be seen that the amp force (driving force) of the voice coil 31 is increased, which can improve the sound conversion efficiency.
  • B the average magnetic flux density inside the voice coil
  • L is the voice coil length
  • I is the current.
  • the thickness of the voice coil 31 after winding molding is 0.6 mm to 1.2 mm.
  • the voice coil 31 is provided with a lead wire. One end of the lead wire is fixedly connected to the voice coil 31, and the other end of the lead wire is a free end.
  • the lead wire is connected to a circuit board 241 provided on the diaphragm chassis 24 to receive external current.
  • the lead wire is used as the signal access end of the voice coil 31. Generally, a metal conductor is used, and the lead wire is led out from the end surface of one end of the voice coil 31. To ensure the quality of voice coils.
  • the voice coil skeleton 32 is made of high temperature resistant materials and is integrally formed.
  • high temperature resistant injection molding materials or light ceramic materials such as silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) and silicon carbide (SiC) can be used.
  • the heat dissipation effect is good, and the precise positioning of the voice coil 11 can be realized, and the assembly error rate can be reduced.
  • the greater the number of voice coils the more complex their precise positioning requirements and the stricter their accuracy requirements.
  • the precise positioning of the voice coil 31 can reduce the uneven distribution of the magnetic force, reduce the damage to the voice coil 31 caused by the collision magnetic circuit, and reduce the non-linear motion of the voice coil 31.
  • the side wall of the voice coil bobbin 32 is provided with a plurality of heat dissipation holes 321 distributed in an array, which can dissipate the heat generated by the voice coil 31 in time, and can also reduce the quality of the voice coil bobbin 32.
  • the magnetic circuit assembly 40 includes a magnetic bowl 41, a magnet 42, and a magnetically permeable plate 43.
  • the magnetic bowl 41 is installed at the bottom of the basin frame 10.
  • the magnetic 42 and the magnetically permeable plate 43 are disposed in the magnetic bowl 41.
  • the magnetically permeable plate 43 is fixed to the magnet 42.
  • a magnetic gap 44 is formed between the magnetic bowl 41 and the magnetically permeable plate 43, and the voice coil 31 is suspended in the magnetic gap 44.
  • a plurality of heat dissipation holes are provided at the bottom of the magnetic bowl 41.
  • the magnetic circuit assembly 40 has an internal magnetic structure. Compared with an external magnetic structure, the internal magnetic structure has a small volume, a small space occupation, and can reduce magnetic leakage.
  • One end of the magnet 42 is attached to the bottom of the magnetic bowl 41, and the other end of the magnet 42 is attached to the magnetically permeable plate 43.
  • An annular magnetic gap 44 is formed between the magnetic bowl 41 and the magnet 42 and the magnetically permeable plate 43, and the voice coil 11 is suspended It is set in the magnetic gap 44.
  • the voice coil 31 vibrates in the magnetic gap 44 in the axial direction of the magnet 42 and the magnetically permeable plate 43 (the direction of the double-headed arrow in the figure is the vibration direction of the voice coil 11).
  • the maximum linear displacement of the coil 11 in the magnetic gap 44 is X Max .
  • X Max is equal to the height of the voice coil minus the height of the magnetic gap and then divided by 2, which represents the moving range of the movable part in one direction. Approaching or exceeding this range will cause non-linear motion and then generate harmonic distortion.
  • the magnet 42 uses strong neodymium-iron-boron magnetism, which can provide a stronger magnetic field and provide greater power for the movement of the voice coil 11.
  • the magnet 42 may also use other permanent magnet materials.
  • the axial height range of the magnetic gap 44 in the magnetic circuit system is 4 to 8 mm, and the radial width of the magnetic gap 44 is 2 to 3 mm.
  • the magnetic circuit assembly 40 into a rectangular structure can increase the size of the magnet 42 in the vertical direction, provide a stronger magnetic field for the magnetic circuit system, and also increase the maximum linear displacement X Max of the voice coil 31 in the magnetic gap.
  • V D S D ⁇ X Max
  • the air particles disturbed by the diaphragm 20 can be increased, and the audio frequency conversion can be increased.
  • the four corners of the magnetic circuit assembly 40 having a rectangular structure are rounded, which can avoid rigid collision of the voice coil 31 in the magnetic circuit.
  • the cross-sectional shapes of the voice coil 31 and the magnetic circuit assembly 40 may be other shapes such as a circle or an oval, and the present invention is not specifically limited.
  • the installation position of the voice coil 31 is set at the center of the diaphragm 20 to ensure the uniformity of vibration.
  • a multi-engine system a plurality of voice coils 31 are arranged in a uniform array at the bottom of the diaphragm 20.
  • a four-engine system is used, and the four voice coils 31 are arranged at the bottom of the diaphragm 20 in an up-and-down and left-right arrangement.
  • the size of a single engine component can be designed smaller. For speaker units 100 with different caliber sizes and power, only the number of engine components needs to be increased or decreased according to the size of the speaker unit 100.
  • the circuit connection methods include separate series circuits, parallel circuits, and integrated circuits that combine series and parallel circuits.
  • the ideal circuit can be obtained through different circuit connection methods. Impedance R E.
  • the four R E 8 ⁇ voice coil 31 are connected in parallel which can be obtained by a smaller impedance 2 ⁇ R E, so that the input current of the voice coil 31 is increased to improve the power of the voice coil 31.
  • the circuit connections of the voice coil 31 is more complex, the greater the impedance R E adjustment range, the speaker unit having an impedance R E 100 controllability.
  • the present invention can change the current in the voice coil 31 by directly changing the circuit connection mode, without adding an additional transformer to match the impedance, and without relying on a high-power amplifier, which reduces power consumption and also reduces power consumption due to excessive power.
  • the resulting power distortion increases the efficiency of the speaker ⁇ o .
  • Q ES refers to the electrical Q value at the resonance frequency of the speaker unit, that is, the ratio of the voice coil DC resistance R E and the dynamic impedance at the resonance frequency fs
  • Q MS refers to the mechanical Q value at the resonance frequency of the speaker unit, that is, the unit support
  • the mechanical loss impedance of the system is the ratio of the equivalent resistance of the MS to the dynamic impedance at the resonance frequency fs.
  • Q MS indicates the mass of the voice coil 31 itself and the suspension system (including the voice coil 31, diaphragm 20, centering support). 50 and the floating portion of the folded ring 60) mechanical force resistance R MS
  • Q TS refers to the total Q value at the resonance frequency of the speaker unit, that is, the parallel value of Q ES and Q MS .
  • the Q MS value is increased, and the mass of the suspension system is larger, that is, the mass of the diaphragm in the suspension system is allowed to be larger; if the unit mass is converted into a unit area, the area of the diaphragm is larger.
  • the increase in the mass and area of the diaphragm 20 further disturbs more air particles, resulting in a lower resonance frequency fs. Therefore, with the increase in the number of engine components, by rationally controlling the impedance R E and the inductive reactance L VC and then affecting Q ES , Q MS , and Q TS , the resonance frequency fs can be further reduced and the acoustic performance can be improved.
  • the voice coil 31 is located at the center of the diaphragm 20, and the diaphragm 20 is moved forward and backward by the voice coil 31. Therefore, the voice coil 31 reaches the diaphragm edge 23 (including the suspended portion of the folding ring 60).
  • the larger the distance the smaller the direct vertical pushing force of the voice coil 31, and the stronger the mechanical distortion and loss caused.
  • the arrangement of the voice coils 31 expands toward the edges, and the distance between the voice coil 31 and the diaphragm edge 23 decreases, which reduces mechanical distortion loss and group delay.
  • the reduction of mechanical distortion loss and group delay makes the maximum displacement X Max of the voice coil 31 in the magnetic gap 44 maintain a greater linearity, and the non-linear motion and harmonic distortion caused by it will be reduced.
  • the vibration of the diaphragm 20 is more linear, and the acoustic performance of the speaker unit 100 is improved.
  • a multi-engine system multiple engine components work in conjunction to drive the same diaphragm 20 to vibrate, and at the same time multiple engine components restrict each other, so that the distortion frequency of the speaker unit 100 is greatly reduced.
  • all the voice coils 31 will perform linear piston movements at the same time to push the closely connected diaphragm 20 to generate a series of complex vibrations.
  • the multi-engine system cooperates with the diaphragm 20, which can analyze the audio signals at high magnification and restore the dynamic details in depth, and the spatial array distribution of multiple engine components allows the sound to be completely diffused.
  • the audio signals of the same channel are separated and superimposed in the frequency domain and time domain wave patterns according to the Fourier transform principle to complete the electro-mechanical-acoustic conversion process.
  • the basin frame 10 is used as a supporting structure of the suspension system and the magnetic circuit system, and includes a base 11, a first mounting base 12 and a second mounting base 13, the rounded corners of the base 11 and the first The rounded corners of a mounting base 12 are connected by a first supporting mechanism 14, and the rounded corners of the first mounting base 12 and the rounded corners of a second mounting base 13 are connected by a second supporting mechanism 15.
  • 14 and the second support mechanism 15 are both parabolic structures, and the thickness and angle of the legs of the first support mechanism 14 and the second support mechanism 15 are gradually changed.
  • the basin frame 10 is made of hard materials and is integrally formed by casting.
  • the use of aluminum alloy, polyoxymethylene (POM) and other injection-molded materials can increase the rigidity of the basin frame 10 and improve the support strength and stability of the basin frame 10.
  • the basin frame 10 adopts a frame structure as a whole, which can reduce weight and manufacturing cost.
  • the first support mechanism 14 can provide greater anti-distortion capability and stability for the magnetic circuit assembly 40
  • the second support mechanism 15 can provide greater anti-distortion capability and stability for vibration of the suspension system moving in the axial direction.
  • the edges of the first support mechanism 14 and the second support mechanism 15 are curved, which is fashionable and beautiful.
  • the legs of the first support mechanism 14 and the second support mechanism 15 are set to have a flat surface but a gradually changing thickness. It can reduce the resonance caused by the natural frequency.
  • the cross section of the first support mechanism 14 and the second support mechanism 15 is a plane formed by a hyperbola, and the elevation is a hyperbola. It will block the displacement and propagation caused by the motion of the particle, and reduce the resonance. Improve the sound quality of the speakers.
  • the corners of the basin frame 10 use rounded transitions to minimize edges, and reduce resonance caused by harmonic frequencies with the same wavelength as the boundary size.
  • a ventilation channel 111 is provided in the center of the bottom of the base 11 of the basin frame 10, and a ventilation hole 112 corresponding to the heat dissipation hole of the magnetic bowl 41 is provided around the ventilation channel 111.
  • the ventilation channel 111 provided in the center can effectively reduce The direct stress during vibration of the diaphragm 20 reduces the resistance; the air duct formed by the magnetic gap 44, the heat dissipation hole at the bottom of the magnetic bowl 41, and the ventilation hole 112 of the basin frame 10 can enhance air circulation and improve the ventilation and heat dissipation effect; the base 11 A heat sink 113 for enhancing heat dissipation is also provided on the side of the.
  • the bottom 21 of the diaphragm is fixed to the first mounting base 12 of the basin frame 10 through a centering support 50.
  • the edge 23 of the diaphragm is a convex rectangular ring structure.
  • the edge 23 of the diaphragm is fixed to the basin frame 10 by a folding ring 60.
  • the centering support 50 and the folding ring 60 can provide the compliant C MS , restoring force, and damping R MS for the diaphragm 20 and the voice coil 31 which together form a suspension system, so that the suspension system maintains a linear piston motion when the suspension system vibrates.
  • the centering support piece 50 has a rectangular ring structure, and includes a base layer 51, an outer ring 52 on a side of the base layer 51 near the basin frame 10, and an inner ring on a side of the base layer 51 near the voice coil 31.
  • the outer ring 52 is a compliant layer, which can strengthen the flexible force on the side connected with the basin frame 10, make the suspension system easily vibrate greatly and increase the kinetic energy of the suspension system, improve the axial compliance, and Effectively reduce the resonance frequency f s .
  • the inner ring 53 is a rigid layer, which can strengthen the rigid force on the side connected to the voice coil 31, reduce the non-linear offset of the voice coil 31 and increase the restoring force of the suspension system, thereby improving the radial rigidity.
  • the centering support piece 50 is provided with corrugations from the outside to the inside, and the corrugation depth and the corrugation width are gradually changed, and gradually decrease from the center to the inner and outer sides. For example, as shown in FIG. By the second wave 542 and the third wave 543, the depth and width of the wave gradually decrease.
  • the use of corrugations of different depths and widths can effectively suppress resonance and stray vibration, and reduce the resonance of the basin frame caused by the vibration of the suspension system.
  • the centering support piece 50 is overmolded with various materials, and the base layer 51 is made of fiber cloth, preferably polyimide fiber cloth, so that the centering support piece 50 has consistent mechanical stability and good restoring force and strong tear resistance. , Little influence by temperature, humidity, etc .; outer ring 52 uses rubber material to enhance compliance, preferably silicone or styrene-butadiene rubber overlaid on the base layer 51 to increase flexibility and toughness, which can further reduce the resonance frequency f s and factors Basin frame resonance caused by the vibration of the suspension system; the inner ring 53 is covered with a fiber material on the base layer 51 to enhance rigidity, preferably a polyimide fiber cloth, that is, a layer of polyimide fiber is laminated on the base layer 51 cloth.
  • a fiber material on the base layer 51 to enhance rigidity, preferably a polyimide fiber cloth, that is, a layer of polyimide fiber is laminated on the base layer 51 cloth.
  • a plurality of centering support pieces 50 may be provided, and the plurality of centering support pieces 50 may be stacked together, and Adjacent centering branches 50 are connected by a spacer to ensure that they do not collide with each other during vibration.
  • the folding ring 60 is a rectangular rounded folding ring, which is connected with the diaphragm edge 23 in cooperation.
  • the inner edge of the folding ring 60 is pasted with the diaphragm 20, and the outer edge of the folding ring 60 is pasted with a basin frame. 10.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the folded ring 60 is corrugated.
  • the corrugated shape includes multiple crests and troughs. The shapes (depth and width) of the crests and troughs are not exactly the same, which can improve the compliance in the axial direction and the rigidity in the radial direction. .
  • the shape of the corrugation can be one-peak double-valley (Figure 14a) or two-peak three-valley ( Figure 14b), and the depth and width of each peak and valley are not equal to suppress the generation of higher harmonics, that is, non- The radian of the equalized peaks and troughs suppresses the transmission of some harmonics.
  • the one-peak double-valley-shaped folding ring 60 is suitable for a speaker with a small engine stroke
  • the two-peak three-valley-shaped folding ring 60 is suitable for a speaker with a large engine stroke.
  • a plurality of reinforcing ribs 61 are arranged side by side at a certain distance in a direction perpendicular to the cross section of the wave crest and the trough to strengthen the rigidity in the radial direction. At the same time, it can effectively suppress resonance and harmonics, reduce disturbance to the air, and reduce 60 pairs of folding rings. Interference of vibration of the diaphragm 20.
  • the reinforcing rib 61 increases the toughness, fatigue resistance and service life of the folding ring 60.
  • the reinforcing rib 61 may be provided on the upper surface of the folding ring 60 or on the lower surface of the folding ring 60.
  • the folding ring 60 is made of styrene-butadiene rubber synthesized by styrene and butadiene.
  • the styrene-butadiene rubber has the characteristics of heat resistance, wear resistance and aging resistance, and has good compliance and toughness.
  • the folding ring can be further adjusted. The proportional relationship between rigidity and compliance does not affect the axial movement of the diaphragm 20.
  • the present invention also provides a speaker device including at least one of the above-mentioned speaker units.
  • the wave front of the acoustic wave radiated in the air by the speaker unit 100 with a rectangular structure belongs to a cylindrical wave
  • a pure linear array can be generated, so that the speaker unit 100 of the present invention can be directly used to make a real column speaker system And linear array speaker system.
  • Multiple wavefront arrays can weaken the intersection area, so that multiple speaker units 100 can be naturally coupled without interference, which greatly improves phase consistency.
  • the speaker device 200 includes two speaker units 100, and a plurality of speaker devices 200 are arranged up and down to form a linear array speaker system.
  • the direction of the dotted arrow in the figure is the direction of sound wave radiation.
  • the boundary line on both sides of the array line l 1 ′ is a straight line l 2 ′ parallel to it, that is, the wave front is a plane, and a plurality of wave fronts are combined to form a sound column with a large wave front.
  • the intersection area S 'of adjacent wave fronts can be weakened, so that multiple cylindrical waves are coupled in an orderly manner.
  • first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply these entities or operations There is any such actual relationship or order among them.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense.
  • the indirect connection may also be an electrical connection or a signal connection.
  • the specific meanings of the above terms may be understood according to specific situations.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Audible-Bandwidth Dynamoelectric Transducers Other Than Pickups (AREA)
  • Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
  • Obtaining Desirable Characteristics In Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种扬声器单元及扬声器装置，该扬声器单元的主体为矩形的盆状结构，包括悬置系统、具有环状磁隙的磁路系统以及将悬置系统与磁路系统相连接的盆架，盆架容纳悬置系统和磁路系统，磁路系统固定在盆架内，悬置系统包括振膜以及与振膜的底部相连接的至少一个音圈，磁路系统包括与音圈相匹配的至少一个磁路组件，音圈的一端通过音圈骨架与所述振膜连接，音圈的另一端悬置于所述磁路组件形成的环状磁隙内，音圈能够在环状磁隙内沿轴向作活塞式往复振动以推动所述振膜振动发出声音。本发明采用多个引擎驱动同一振膜振动，振动更均衡平稳，能够减少非线性振动，并能够控制阻抗RE的大小，适用范围广，结构美观大方，还能实现充分散热。

Description

扬声器单元及扬声器装置 技术领域
本发明涉及电动扬声器技术领域，特别是涉及一种扬声器单元及扬声器装置。
背景技术
扬声器单元作为音响设备的关键元件，其质量直接影响着音响设备音质效果的发挥，迄今为止，传统扬声器单元(特别是中低音扬声器单元)的各部件的形状结构均为圆形结构。例如，振膜大多为圆锥形振膜，圆锥形振膜振动的有效面积较小，声能转化效率较差；同时圆形振膜运动时会产生径向和轴向的分割振动，进而产生大量的干扰谐波形成谐波失真。另外，现有的扬声器大多由单一的引擎驱动并采用外磁式结构，音圈在运动过程中容易产生非线性偏移，引起谐波失真、相位失真等各类失真问题。此外，现有的扬声器散热效果差，会导致音圈脱胶、短路或毁坏，或者使振膜、定心支片等变形，影响扬声器的性能。
另外，如图1所示，传统的专业线阵列所形成的线性声源一般由圆锥形扬声器或者至少低音是由圆锥形扬声器产生的。该线性声源是一种含有球面波的折中式的线阵列，而不是纯正的由柱面波形成的线阵列。阵列线l 1两侧的球面波的边界曲线l 2呈指数型渐变。多个音箱之间辐射的球面波中相邻波阵面的交集区域S呈现四个方向的指数型渐变，多个波阵面阵列后无法弱化交集区域，即多个球面波不能有条理地耦合，容易形成混乱的声场，产生干涉，影响声音的有效覆盖。
发明内容
本发明的目的是至少解决上述缺陷与不足之一，该目的是通过以下技术方案实现的。
本发明提供了一种扬声器单元，所述扬声器单元的主体为矩形的盆状结构，包括悬置系统、具有环状磁隙的磁路系统以及将所述悬置系统与所述磁路系统相连接的盆架，所述盆架容纳所述悬置系统和所述磁路系统，所述磁路系统固定在所述盆架内，所述悬置系统包括振膜以及与所述振膜的底部相连接的至少一个音圈，所述磁路系统包括与所述音圈相匹配的至少一个磁路组件，所述音圈的一端通过音圈骨架与所述振膜连接，所述音圈的另一端悬置于所述磁路组件形成的所述环状磁隙内，所述音圈能够在所述环状磁隙内沿轴向作活塞式往复振动以推动所述振膜振动发出声音。
进一步地，所述悬置系统还包括定心支片和折环，所述振膜包括自内向外依次连接的振膜底部、膜体和振膜边缘，所述振膜底部通过套设在所述音圈骨架的外部的所述定心支片固定在所述盆架上，所述振膜边缘通过所述折环与所述盆架的边缘相连接，所述振膜底部与所述振膜边缘之间通过所述膜体相连接，所述膜体构造为由多个不规则面体组成的立体阵列结构，所述立体阵列结构布满所述膜体的表面，相邻的所述不规则面体通过棱边相互连接。
进一步地，所述振膜还包括设置在所述振膜底部的振膜底盘，所述振膜底盘粘接在所述振膜底部的背面，所述振膜通过所述振膜底盘固定连接在所述盆 架上，所述振膜底盘上设有与所述音圈骨架相连接的音圈连接部。
进一步地，所述音圈卷绕在所述音圈骨架的一端的外周上，所述音圈骨架的另一端通过所述音圈连接部与所述振膜底盘相连接。
进一步地，所述不规则面体为三角形面体，多个所述三角形面体的形状及尺寸均不完全相同。
进一步地，所述磁路组件包括磁碗、磁体和导磁板，所述磁碗安装在所述盆架的底部，所述磁体和所述导磁板位于所述磁碗中，所述磁体的一端与所述磁碗的底部贴合，所述磁体的另一端与所述导磁板贴合，所述磁碗与所述磁体及导磁板之间形成所述环状磁隙，所述音圈位于所述环状磁隙内。
进一步地，设置有多个所述音圈及多个所述磁路组件，所述音圈及所述磁路组件的截面的形状均为矩形，所述环状磁隙为矩形环状磁隙。
进一步地，多个所述音圈之间通过电路相互连接，所述电路包括串联电路、并联电路或串并联综合电路。
进一步地，所述振膜的底部设有用于为所述音圈提供电流的电路板，多个所述音圈分别通过引线与所述电路板连接。
进一步地，所述音圈由带状的单片体绕制而成，所述单片体包括印制的柔性电路板或单面绝缘的金属箔带。
进一步地，所述音圈骨架为耐高温材料，所述耐高温材料包括耐高温注塑材料或轻质陶瓷材料，所述音圈骨架为一体式结构。
进一步地，所述定心支片为矩形环状结构，所述定心支片包括基层、柔性的外环以及刚性的内环，所述外环设置在所述基层靠近所述盆架的一侧，所述内环设置在所述基层靠近所述音圈的一侧，所述基层、外环以及内环通过覆压一体成型。
进一步地，所述折环为矩形环状结构，所述折环的截面形状为波纹形，所述波纹形包括至少一个波峰和至少一个波谷，不同的所述波峰和所述波谷的形状不完全相同，所述折环上设有多个用于对所述折环进行加强的加强筋，相邻的所述加强筋之间间隔一定的距离。
进一步地，所述盆架为一体式结构，所述盆架的边缘采用圆弧过渡，所述盆架的侧面设有渐变的支撑机构，所述盆架的底部设有通风机构。
本发明还提供了一种包括至少一个上述扬声器单元的扬声器装置。
进一步地，多个所述扬声器装置形成线性阵列音箱系统。
本发明的优点如下：
(1)本发明将扬声器单元设置为矩形圆角结构，优化了扬声器的结构，并且扬声器的棱角采用圆滑的曲线或曲面过渡，美观实用大方。
(2)本发明采用矩形盆状结构的振膜，并将膜体构造为由不规则的三角形面体构成的立体几何结构，不仅增加了振膜的刚性模量及自阻尼，还加大空气扰动，提高声频的转化；另外，矩形盆状结构的振膜不仅减少了机械畸变损耗及群延时，还降低了分割振动、非线性运动、声聚焦及前室效应。
(3)本发明的扬声器单元通过多重引擎协调配合共同驱动振膜振动，使扬声器的运动更趋于线性运动，进而降低非线性失真，并且使运动更均衡平稳；可通过多种自由连接的音圈电路来控制阻抗R E和感抗L VC进而合理的控制Q ES、Q MS、Q TS，能够有效降低功耗，提升扬声器效率，还可以降低谐振频率f s；多个引擎组件协同作用及相互制约，能够减少各类失真，提高扬声器的声学性能； 另外还扩大了扬声器单元的口径等尺寸范围，扩大了扬声器的适用范围。
(4)本发明通过改变音圈及音圈骨架的结构降低活塞运动的非线性提高扬声器的声学性能并提高音圈的散热效果，同时通过磁路的引流及通风进行散热，还通过对扬声器的盆架进行散热设计，加强空气循环流通，实现充分散热。
(5)本发明的盆架在满足支撑时的刚度需求和安装尺寸需求的同时，能够降低产品的质量及成本，并能够有效地降低盆架可能产生的各种共振，提高扬声器的音效质量。
(6)本发明采用多种材料覆压成型的定心支片，能够有效地提高定心支片的内环的径向高刚性和外环的轴向高顺性，从而使音圈减少非线性偏移并增加悬置系统的恢复力，并使其易于大幅度振动并增加悬置系统的动能进而达到轴向的高顺性，而且还能有效降低谐振频率，从而提高扬声器的音效质量。
(7)本发明能够有效地提高折环的径向刚性，同时降低了谐波共振，进而降低了折环的附属振膜效应，提高扬声器的音效质量；折环上还设有加强筋以加强径向的刚性，增加折环的韧性、抗疲劳强度及使用寿命，同时也可以有效地抑制共振和谐波。
附图说明
通过阅读下文优选实施方式的详细描述，各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出优选实施方式的目的，而并不认为是对本发明的限制。而且在整个附图中，用相同的参考符号表示相同的部件。
图1为球面波扬声器构成的线阵列系统的示意图；
图2为本发明实施例提供的扬声器单元的立体结构分解示意图；
图3为本发明实施例提供的扬声器单元的立体结构示意图；
图4为本发明实施例提供的扬声器单元的侧视图；
图5为本发明实施例提供的扬声器单元的俯视图；
图6为本发明实施例提供的扬声器单元的仰视图；
图7为本发明实施例提供的扬声器单元的振膜振动时声波的扩散示意图；
图8为本发明实施例提供的扬声器单元的振膜与音圈的装配示意图；
图9为本发明实施例提供的扬声器单元的引擎系统的结构示意图；
图10为本发明实施例提供的扬声器单元的引擎系统的工作示意图；
图11为本发明实施例提供的扬声器单元的音圈的电路连接示意图；
图12为本发明实施例提供的扬声器单元的定心支片的结构示意图；
图13为本发明实施例提供的扬声器单元的折环的局部结构示意图；
图14为本发明实施例提供的扬声器单元的折环的截面结构示意图；
图15为本发明实施例提供的柱面波扬声器构成的线性阵列系统示意图；
附图标记如下：
100-扬声器单元          10-盆架
11-基座                 12-第一安装座
13-第二安装座           14-第一支撑机构
15-第二支撑机构         111-通风道
112-通风孔              113-散热片
20-振膜                 21-振膜底部
22-膜体                 221-三角形面体
23-振膜边缘             24-振膜底盘
241-电路板              31-音圈
32-音圈骨架             311-第一音圈
312-第二音圈            313-第三音圈
314-第四音圈            321-散热孔
40-磁路组件             41-磁碗
42-磁体                 43-导磁板
44-磁隙                 50-定心支片
51-基层                 52-外环
53-内环                 541-第一波纹
542-第二波纹            543-第三波纹
60-折环                 61-加强筋
70-防尘帽               200-扬声器装置
具体实施方式
下面将参照附图更详细地描述本公开的示例性实施方式。虽然附图中显示了本公开的示例性实施方式，然而应当理解，可以以各种形式实现本公开而不应被这里阐述的实施方式所限制。相反，提供这些实施方式是为了能够更透彻地理解本公开，并且能够将本公开的范围完整的传达给本领域的技术人员。
图2至图6示出了根据本发明的实施方式提供的扬声器单元的结构示意图。如图2至图6所示，本发明提供的扬声器单元100的主体结构为矩形的盆状结构，包括悬置系统、具有矩形环状的磁隙的磁路系统以及将所述悬置系统与所述磁路系统相连接的盆架10，盆架10容纳悬置系统和磁路系统，磁路系统固定在盆架10内，悬置系统包括振膜20、定心支片50、折环60和用于驱动振膜20的至少一个音圈31，磁路系统包括与音圈31相配合的至少一个磁路组件40，磁路组件40为音圈31的运动提供磁场，音圈31的一端通过音圈骨架32与振膜20的底部固定连接，音圈31的另一端悬置于磁路组件40形成的磁隙44内，通入电流后，音圈31能够在磁隙44内沿轴向作活塞式往复振动以推动振膜20振动推动空气产生声波发出声音。
振膜20为一体式结构，包括自内向外依次连接的振膜底部21、膜体22和振膜边缘23，振膜底部21通过套设在音圈骨架32外部的定心支片50固定在盆架10上，振膜边缘23通过折环60与盆架10的边缘固定连接，振膜底部21与振膜边缘23之间通过膜体22相连接，膜体22构造为由多个不规则面体组成的立体阵列结构，立体阵列结构布满膜体22的表面(包括正面和背面)，相邻的不规则面体通过其棱边相互连接。本实施例中，不规则面体为三角形面体，并且多个三角形面体的形状及尺寸均不完全相同。不规则面体组成的立体阵列结构的稳定性能够保证振膜20的稳固支撑，提高振膜20的刚性模量，减少振膜20的机械畸变损耗以及分割振动。
具体地，以三角形面体221为例，三角形面体221的边及相邻的三角形共用的棱边构成振膜20的骨架，其刚性模量大，能够起到稳固支撑作用；同时三角几何体本身具有稳定结构。另外，各三角几何体处于不同的平面，没有容易产生分割振动的平面，使得振膜20不易产生分割振动，进而减少了谐波失真； 由于不同的三角形面体221的结构不同，并且不同的三角形面体在膜体22的表面错落分布，线和面之间相互制约，无法产生分割振动。
图7示出了根据本发明的实施方式提供的振膜的声波辐射示意图，图中实线箭头L表示扬声器振膜20的轴心线方向，虚线箭头L 1表示垂直于面体的声波辐射方向，扬声器振膜20整体的矩形盆状结构，使得扬声器振膜20的轴心线L到四周的距离并不均等，无法形成聚集区域，同时不在同一平面的多个三角形面体221使垂直于三角形面体221的声波辐射方向L 1各不相同，能够增加扩散和减低前室效应，进而减少相位失真。
此外，根据公式V D＝S D×X Max，其中V D为空气排量，S D为振膜20的展开面积，X Max为音圈在磁隙中的最大线性位移。膜体22为立体状的阵列结构，使得振膜20的展开面积增加，振膜20扰动的空气粒子即空气排量随机增大，进而转换的声能增多，提高声频的转化率。
振膜底部21的正面的中心设有防尘帽70，防尘帽70粘贴在振膜20的中心处，用于防止灰尘进入磁隙44以影响声频性能；同时，防尘帽70能够起到积极的扩散作用，减少含声波的空气粒子的对撞，降低由于对撞产生的相位失真和谐波失真。
具体实施中，振膜20采用的材料主要为纸浆，并添加一定量比例的碳纤维和羊毛，对纸浆进行改性，以增强其使用寿命、抗疲劳能力和自阻尼。
如图8所示，由于扬声器振膜20底部为平面结构，没有三角形刚性支撑，将振膜20与盆架10进行装配时，为了使其不易变形，在振膜底部21设有一振膜底盘24，该振膜底盘24具有一定的刚性。振膜底盘24上设有与音圈骨架32相连接的安装接口，通过振膜底盘24能够将振膜20、音圈骨架32快速定位并通过定心支片50装配在盆架10的底部，降低振膜20、音圈骨架32和定心支片50的装配难度，进而降低整体扬声器的装配工时和制作成本。振膜底盘24的中心还设有用于与音圈31相连接的电路板241，为音圈31提供外接电流。
音圈31和磁路组件40构成扬声器单元100的引擎系统，能够为振膜20的振动提供动力，音圈31和磁路组件40的数量可根据扬声器单元100的口径尺寸设置，既可以采用单引擎系统又可以采用多引擎系统。单引擎系统配置为由一个音圈31和一个磁路组件40组成的单引擎组件，多引擎系统配置为由多个音圈31和多个磁路组件40组成的多个单引擎组件的结合阵列模式。多个音圈31和磁路组件40配合形成多引擎系统，共同推动同一振膜20振动，本实施例中，扬声器单元100设有四个音圈31和四个磁路组件40，不同的音圈31之间通过电路连接。
为与矩形盆架10和振膜20的形状相匹配，并且保证磁路系统的磁隙44为矩形的环状结构，音圈31和磁路组件40的截面形状均设置为矩形，矩形包括长方形或正方形，并且矩形的四周采用圆角过渡。采用圆角过渡，能够减少音圈31在磁隙中的碰撞，减少音圈31的损坏。
如图9所示，以单引擎系统为例，对音圈31和磁路组件40的结构进行详细说明。优选实施中，音圈31采用印制的柔性电路板(FPC)或单面绝缘的金属箔带卷绕而成。具体地，印制的柔性电路板(FPC)或金属箔带均为带状的单片体结构。带状片体卷绕在矩形筒状的音圈骨架32上形成矩形环状的音圈31，音圈31通过音圈骨架32与振膜20的底部相连接。采用印制的柔性电路板(FPC)时，柔性电路板包括导电层和绝缘层，卷绕时，绝缘层的一侧紧贴音 圈骨架32。具体实施中，柔性电路板上可设有多个纵向的导电层(本实施方式中设有5个)，多个导电层附着在绝缘层上，并排列紧密地卷绕在音圈骨架32的外周上形成矩形环状音圈31。采用金属箔带时，金属箔带绝缘的一面紧贴音圈骨架32。由于音圈31采用厚度较薄的带状片体绕制而成，散热面积大，能够大大提高音圈31的散热效果，减小音圈31的毁坏。另外，厚度较薄的带状片体可在音圈骨架32上缠绕多圈，增加音圈长度，根据公式F＝BLI可知，音圈31的安培力(驱动力)增加，能够提高声音转化效率，其中B为音圈内部平均磁通量密度、L为音圈长度、I为电流。卷绕成型后的音圈31的厚度(带状片体卷绕层叠的厚度)为0.6mm～1.2mm。
音圈31上设有引线，引线的一端与音圈31固定连接，引线的另一端为自由端，与设置在振膜底盘24上的电路板241连接，接入外部电流。引线作为音圈31的信号接入端，一般采用金属导体，并且引线从音圈31的一端的端面处引出，可以减少音圈31在振动时产生散线、断线现象，提高引线的使用寿命，保证音圈品质。
音圈骨架32采用耐高温材料并一体加工成型，例如可采用耐高温注塑材料或氮化硅(Si 3N 4)、碳化硅(SiC)等轻质陶瓷材料，上述这些材料质量轻刚性好、散热效果佳，并且能够实现音圈11的精确定位，降低装配误差率。音圈数量越多，其准确定位的要求也越复杂，精度要求也越严格。确定了多个音圈31在振膜底部20的排列方式及位置布局，就确定了引擎系统在盆架10底部的映射(投影)位置，实现扬声器单元100的精确装配。音圈31的精确定位能够减少磁力的分布不均、减少因碰撞磁路造成的音圈31损坏以及减少音圈31的非线性运动。另外，音圈骨架32的侧壁上设有多个阵列分布的散热孔321，能够将音圈31产生的热量及时散出，同时也能降低音圈骨架32的质量。
磁路组件40包括磁碗41、磁体42和导磁板43，磁碗41安装在盆架10的底部，磁体42和导磁板43设置在磁碗41中，导磁板43固定在磁体42的一端的端面上，磁碗41和导磁板43之间形成磁隙44，音圈31悬置在磁隙44内。为保证音圈31产生的热量及时散出，在磁碗41的底部设有多个散热孔。
具体地，如图10所示，磁路组件40为内磁式结构，相较于外磁式结构，内磁式结构体积小，占用空间小，并且能够减少磁漏。磁体42的一端与磁碗41的底部贴合，磁体42的另一端与导磁板43贴合，磁碗41和磁体42及导磁板43之间形成环状磁隙44,音圈11悬设在磁隙44中，通入电流时，音圈31在磁隙44中沿磁体42及导磁板43的轴向方向往复振动(图中双向箭头方向为音圈11的振动方向)，音圈11在磁隙44中的最大线性位移为X Max。X Max等于音圈高度减去磁隙高度后除以2，代表可移动部分在一个方向上的运动范围，接近或超出这个范围将引起非线性运动进而产生谐波失真。
磁体42采用钕铁硼强磁，能够提供较强的磁场，为音圈11的运动提供较大的动力；另外，磁体42也可采用其他永久磁体材料。磁路系统中磁隙44的轴向高度范围为4～8mm，磁隙44的径向宽度2～3mm。
将磁路组件40设置为矩形的结构可以增大磁体42在竖直方向上的尺寸，为磁路系统提供更强的磁场，同时也能够增加音圈31在磁隙中的最大线性位移X Max，根据公式V D＝S D×X Max，能够增加振膜20扰动的空气粒子，增加声频的转换。另外，矩形结构的磁路组件40的四角为圆角，能够避免音圈31在磁路中的刚性碰撞。具体实施中，音圈31和磁路组件40的截面的形状也可以为圆 形或椭圆形等其他形状，本发明不具体限定。
采用单引擎系统时，将音圈31的安装位置设置在振膜20的中心以保证振动的均匀性。采用多引擎系统时，将多个音圈31在振膜20的底部均匀阵列地布置。本实施例中，采用四引擎系统，将四个音圈31上下左右排列布置在振膜20的底部。相较于单引擎扬声器，采用多引擎系统，可以将单个引擎组件的尺寸设计的较小，对于不同口径尺寸和动力的扬声器单元100，仅需根据扬声器单元100的尺寸增减引擎组件的数量即可，适用范围广。多引擎系统中，多个引擎组件的不同音圈31之间通过电路相互联接，电路连接方式包括单独的串联电路、并联电路以及串、并联结合的综合电路，通过不同的电路连接方式可以获得理想的阻抗R E。
图11示出了根据本发明的实施方式提供的四引擎系统的一种电路连接图，假设本实施例中每个音圈31的R E均为8Ω，四个音圈31通过单独的串联模式可获得的阻抗R E＝R E1+R E2+R E3+R E4＝32Ω，通过单独的并联模式可获得的阻抗R E＝1/(1/R E1+1/R E2+1/R E3+1/R E4)＝2Ω，通过如图9所示的串并联结合的综合模式，先将第一音圈311和第四音圈314上下串联，第二音圈312和第三音圈313上下串联,再将上下分别串联后的两组音圈左右并联后可获得最终阻抗R E＝8Ω。由上可知，四个R E均为8Ω的音圈31通过并联即可以获得R E为2Ω的较小阻抗，使得输入音圈31的电流增大，提高了音圈31的动力。随着引擎组件的增加，音圈31的电路连接方式也更加复杂，阻抗R E的调节范围也越大，使扬声器单元100的阻抗R E具有可控性。本发明可以通过直接改变电路连接方式来改变音圈31中的电流，无需增加额外的变压器来匹配阻抗，并且无需依赖大功率的放大器，既降低了功耗，同时也降低了因功率过大而产生的功率失真，提升扬声器的效率η o。
另外，根据公式Q TS＝(Q ES×Q MS)÷(Q ES+Q MS)可知，Q ES、Q MS中的任何一个参数的变动都会影响Q TS，Q ES越低即电阻尼越小，输出功率N Ο和效率η 0就越高；在Q TS不变的情况下，有效的降低Q ES的参数值就会使Q MS的参数值提升。其中，Q ES指扬声器单元谐振频率处的电Q值，即音圈直流电阻R E和谐振频率fs处动生阻抗的比值；Q MS是指扬声器单元谐振频率处的机械Q值，即单元支撑系统的机械损耗阻抗R MS的等效电阻和谐振频率fs处动生阻抗的比值，Q MS指明了音圈31本身的质量以及悬置系统(包括音圈31、振膜20、定心支片50和折环60的悬空部分)的机械力阻R MS；Q TS是指扬声器单元谐振频率处的总Q值，即Q ES和Q MS的并联值。
Q MS值提升，悬置系统的质量更大，即允许悬置系统中振膜的质量更大；如果将单位质量转换成单位面积，即振膜的面积更大。振膜20的质量和面积的增加进而扰动的空气粒子更多，得到更低的谐振频率fs。因此，随着引擎组件的数量的增多，通过合理控制阻抗R E和感抗L VC进而影响Q ES、Q MS、Q TS，可以更多的降低谐振频率fs，提高声学性能。
单引擎系统中，音圈31处于振膜20的中心部位，振膜20由音圈31的垂直推动而产生前后位移，因此音圈31到振膜边缘23(含折环60的悬空部分)的距离越大，受音圈31的直接垂直推动的力就越小，引起的机械畸变和损耗就越强。多引擎系统中，随着音圈31的数量增加，音圈31的排列更加向边缘扩展，音圈31与振膜边缘23之间的距离会减少，会降低机械畸变损耗和群延时。机械畸变损耗和群延时的降低，使得音圈31在磁隙44中的最大位移X Max会保 持更大的线性，引起的非线性运动和谐波失真将减少，在一定的振动范围内使振膜20的振动更加线性，提高扬声器单元100的声学性能。
多引擎系统中，多个引擎组件联合工作推动同一个振膜20振动，同时多个引擎组件又相互制约，使得扬声器单元100的失真频率大大降低。当同时接收同一声频信号后，全部音圈31都会同时做线性活塞运动进而推动与其紧密连接的振膜20产生一系列复杂的振动。多引擎系统与振膜20相配合，能够对声频信号进行高倍解析、对动态细节进行深度还原，并且多个引擎组件的空间阵列分布使得声音能够完整扩散。根据傅里叶变换原理，同一个信道的声频信号按傅里叶变换原理以频域和时域的波动模式经过多次分离叠加最终完成电-力-声的转换过程，获得了相当于多个传统单引擎扬声器的协同工作的总体之和。即这种多引擎共同完成的完整波动状态用公式可表示为：∑E＝E 1+E 2+...+En或∑E＝E×n，其中∑E为扬声器的全部引擎的和，E为单个引擎组件，n为引擎组件的个数)。
如图3和图4所示，盆架10用作悬置系统和磁路系统的支撑结构，包括基座11、第一安装座12和第二安装座13，基座11的圆角和第一安装座12的圆角之间通过第一支撑机构14相连接，第一安装座12的圆角和第二安装座13的圆角之间通过第二支撑机构15相连接，第一支撑机构14和第二支撑机构15均为抛物状结构，并且第一支撑机构14和第二支撑机构15的支脚的厚度和角度渐变。
盆架10采用硬质材料并通过铸造一体成型，优选实施中，采用铝合金、聚甲醛(POM)等注塑材料可以增加盆架10的刚性，提高盆架10的支撑强度及稳定性。盆架10整体采用框架结构可降低重量和制作成本。
第一支撑机构14能够为磁路组件40提供较大的抗畸变能力和稳固性，第二支撑机构15能够为沿轴向运动的悬置系统的振动提供了较大的抗畸变能力和稳固性，同时第一支撑机构14和第二支撑机构15的棱边为曲线状，时尚美观。
由于悬置系统的振动可以通过质点运动的方式传播到盆架10上引起盆架10的共振，将第一支撑机构14和第二支撑机构15的支腿设置为表面平整、但厚度渐变的结构可以降低固有频率引起的共振，另外第一支撑机构14和第二支撑机构15的截面是双曲线形成的平面、立面是双曲面，会阻隔因质点运动产生的位移和传播，也减少共振，提高扬声器的音效质量。此外，盆架10的棱角采用圆角过渡、尽量减少边线，降低了与边界尺寸同波长的谐波频率引起的共振。
在盆架10的基座11的底部的中心设有通风道111，通风道111的周围还设有与磁碗41的散热孔相对应的通风孔112，设置在中心的通风道111能有效降低振膜20振动时的直接应力，减小力阻；磁隙44、磁碗41底部的散热孔以及盆架10的通风孔112形成的风道能够增强气流循环，提高通风散热效果；基座11的侧面还设有用于加强散热的散热片113。
振膜底部21通过定心支片50固定在盆架10的第一安装座12上，振膜边缘23为外凸的矩形环状结构，振膜边缘23通过折环60固定在盆架10的第二安装座13上。定心支片50和折环60能够为与其共同组成悬置系统的振膜20和音圈31提供顺性C MS、恢复力和阻尼R MS作用，使悬置系统振动时保持线性活塞方式运动。
如图12所示，定心支片50为矩形的环状结构，包括基层51、基层51靠 近盆架10的一侧设有外环52、基层51靠近音圈31的一侧设有内环53，外环52为顺性层，能够加强与盆架10连接的一侧的柔性力，使悬置系统易于大幅度振动并增加悬置系统的动能，提高轴向的顺性，而且还能有效降低谐振频率f s。内环53为刚性层，能够加强与音圈31连接的一侧的刚性力，减少音圈31的非线性偏移并增加悬置系统的恢复力，进而提高径向的刚性。
定心支片50上设有由外向内的波纹，并且波纹深度和波纹宽度为渐变式，由中心向内外两侧逐渐减小，例如图12中所示，由第一波纹541向两侧分别到第二波纹542和第三波纹543，波纹深度和宽度逐渐减小。采用不同深度和宽度的波纹可以有效地抑制共振和杂散振动，降低了因悬置系统振动而引起的盆架共振。
定心支片50采用多种材料覆压成型，基层51采用纤维布，优选聚酰亚胺纤维布，使得定心支片50具有一致的机械稳定性和良好的恢复力，抗撕裂能力强、受温度、湿度影响小等优点；外环52采用橡胶材料以加强顺性，优选采用硅胶或丁苯橡胶覆压在基层51上以增加柔软度和韧性，可以进一步降低谐振频率f s和因悬置系统振动引起的盆架共振；内环53采用纤维材料覆压在基层51上以加强刚性，优选采用聚酰亚胺纤维布，即在基层51上再覆压一层聚酰亚胺纤维布。
具体实施中，根据扬声器单元100的尺寸要求，如果需要更强的恢复力和更大的阻尼R MS，可设置有多个定心支片50，多个定心支片50层叠在一起，并且相邻的定心支片50之间通过间隔垫连接确保振动时不会互相碰撞。
如图2、图13及图14所示，折环60为矩形圆角折环，与振膜边缘23相配合连接，折环60的内边缘粘贴振膜20，折环60的外边缘粘贴盆架10，折环60的截面形状为波纹形，该波纹形包括多个波峰和波谷，波峰和波谷的形状(深度和宽度)不完全相同，可以提高轴向方向的顺性和径向方向的刚性。例如，波纹形的形状可以为一峰双谷形(图14a)或双峰三谷形(图14b)，且各波峰和波谷的深度和宽度均不相等，以抑制高次谐波的产生，即非均等化的波峰及波谷的弧度抑制了部分谐波的传递。其中，一峰双谷形的折环60适用于引擎冲程较小的扬声器中，双峰三谷形的折环60适用于引擎冲程较大的扬声器中。
另外，在垂直于波峰和波谷截面的方向间隔一定距离并列的设置多个加强筋61以加强径向的刚性，同时可以有效地抑制共振和谐波，减少对空气的扰动，降低折环60对振膜20振动的干扰。加强筋61增加了折环60的韧性、抗疲劳强度及使用寿命。具体实施中，加强筋61既可设于折环60的上表面，也可设于折环60的下表面。
优选实施中，折环60采用苯乙烯和丁二烯合成的丁苯橡胶，丁苯橡胶具有耐热、耐磨、耐老化的特点，并且具有良好的顺性和韧性，可以进一步调节折环的刚性与顺性的比例关系而不影响振膜20的轴向运动。
本发明还提供了一种扬声器装置，该扬声器装置包括至少一个上述扬声器单元。
由于矩形结构的扬声器单元100在空气中辐射的声波的波阵面属于柱面波，因此能够产生纯正的线性阵列，进而使本发明的扬声器单元100可以直接用于制作真实的音柱式音箱系统和线性阵列音箱系统。多个波阵面阵列后可以弱化交集区域，使得多个扬声器单元100之间可以在没有干扰的情况下自然耦合，极大的提升相位一致性。
如图15中，扬声器装置200包括2个扬声器单元100，并且多个扬声器装置200上下排列组成线性阵列音箱系统，图中虚线箭头的方向为声波的辐射方向。阵列线l 1’两侧的边界线为与其平行的直线l 2’，即波阵面为平面，多个波阵面阵列后组合成大波阵面的音柱，并且多个波阵面阵列后可以弱化相邻波阵面的交集区域S’，使得多个柱面波有条理地耦合。
需要指出的是，在本发明的描述中，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。
需要指出的是，在本发明的描述中，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是两个元件内部的连通，可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，还可以是电连接或信号连接，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语的具体含义。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种扬声器单元，其特征在于，所述扬声器单元的主体为矩形的盆状结构，包括悬置系统、具有环状磁隙的磁路系统以及将所述悬置系统与所述磁路系统相连接的盆架，所述盆架容纳所述悬置系统和所述磁路系统，所述磁路系统固定在所述盆架内，所述悬置系统包括振膜以及与所述振膜的底部相连接的至少一个音圈，所述磁路系统包括与所述音圈相匹配的至少一个磁路组件，所述音圈的一端通过音圈骨架与所述振膜连接，所述音圈的另一端悬置于所述磁路组件形成的所述环状磁隙内，所述音圈能够在所述环状磁隙内沿轴向作活塞式往复振动以推动所述振膜振动发出声音。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的扬声器单元，其特征在于，所述悬置系统还包括定心支片和折环，所述振膜包括自内向外依次连接的振膜底部、膜体和振膜边缘，所述振膜底部通过套设在所述音圈骨架的外部的所述定心支片固定在所述盆架上，所述振膜边缘通过所述折环与所述盆架的边缘相连接，所述振膜底部与所述振膜边缘之间通过所述膜体相连接，所述膜体构造为由多个不规则面体组成的立体阵列结构，所述立体阵列结构布满所述膜体的表面，相邻的所述不规则面体通过棱边相互连接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的扬声器单元，其特征在于，所述振膜还包括设置在所述振膜底部的振膜底盘，所述振膜底盘粘接在所述振膜底部的背面，所述振膜通过所述振膜底盘固定连接在所述盆架上，所述振膜底盘上设有与所述音圈骨架相连接的音圈连接部。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的扬声器单元，其特征在于，所述音圈卷绕在所述音圈骨架的一端的外周上，所述音圈骨架的另一端通过所述音圈连接部与所述振膜底盘相连接。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的扬声器单元，其特征在于，所述不规则面体为三角形面体，多个所述三角形面体的形状及尺寸均不完全相同。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的扬声器单元，其特征在于，所述磁路组件包括磁碗、磁体和导磁板，所述磁碗安装在所述盆架的底部，所述磁体和所述导磁板位于所述磁碗中，所述磁体的一端与所述磁碗的底部贴合，所述磁体的另一端与所述导磁板贴合，所述磁碗与所述磁体及导磁板之间形成所述环状磁隙，所述音圈位于所述环状磁隙内。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的扬声器单元,其特征在于，设置有多个所述音圈及多个所述磁路组件，所述音圈及所述磁路组件的截面的形状均为矩形，所述环状磁隙为矩形环状磁隙。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的扬声器单元，其特征在于，多个所述音圈之间通过电路相互连接，所述电路包括串联电路、并联电路或串并联综合电路。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的扬声器单元，其特征在于，所述振膜的底部设有用于为所述音圈提供电流的电路板，多个所述音圈分别通过引线与所述电路板连接。
  10. 根据权利要求4所述的扬声器单元，其特征在于，所述音圈由带状的单片体绕制而成，所述单片体包括印制的柔性电路板或单面绝缘的金属箔带。
  11. 根据权利要求4所述的扬声器单元,其特征在于，所述音圈骨架为耐高温材料，所述耐高温材料包括耐高温注塑材料或轻质陶瓷材料，所述音圈骨架为一体式结构。
  12. 根据权利要求2所述的扬声器单元，其特征在于，所述定心支片为矩形 环状结构，所述定心支片包括基层、柔性的外环以及刚性的内环，所述外环设置在所述基层靠近所述盆架的一侧，所述内环设置在所述基层靠近所述音圈的一侧，所述基层、外环以及内环通过覆压一体成型。
  13. 根据权利要求2所述的扬声器单元，其特征在于，所述折环为矩形环状结构，所述折环的截面形状为波纹形，所述波纹形包括至少一个波峰和至少一个波谷，不同的所述波峰和所述波谷的形状不完全相同，所述折环上设有多个用于对所述折环进行加强的加强筋，相邻的所述加强筋之间间隔一定的距离。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的扬声器单元，其特征在于，所述盆架为一体式结构，所述盆架的边缘采用圆弧过渡，所述盆架的侧面设有渐变的支撑机构，所述盆架的底部设有通风机构。
  15. 一种扬声器装置，其特征在于，所述扬声器装置包括至少一个根据权利要求1至14中任一项所述的扬声器单元。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的扬声器装置，其特征在于，多个所述扬声器装置能够形成柱面波线性阵列音箱系统。
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KR102461085B1 (ko) 2022-10-28
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