WO2020025678A1 - Verfahren zum umformen von glasscheiben - Google Patents
Verfahren zum umformen von glasscheiben Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2020025678A1 WO2020025678A1 PCT/EP2019/070638 EP2019070638W WO2020025678A1 WO 2020025678 A1 WO2020025678 A1 WO 2020025678A1 EP 2019070638 W EP2019070638 W EP 2019070638W WO 2020025678 A1 WO2020025678 A1 WO 2020025678A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- glass
- glass pane
- pane
- temperature
- curvature
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B23/00—Re-forming shaped glass
- C03B23/02—Re-forming glass sheets
- C03B23/023—Re-forming glass sheets by bending
- C03B23/025—Re-forming glass sheets by bending by gravity
- C03B23/0258—Gravity bending involving applying local or additional heating, cooling or insulating means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10128—Treatment of at least one glass sheet
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10807—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor
- B32B17/10816—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by pressing
- B32B17/10871—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by pressing in combination with particular heat treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10807—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor
- B32B17/10889—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor shaping the sheets, e.g. by using a mould
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B23/00—Re-forming shaped glass
- C03B23/02—Re-forming glass sheets
- C03B23/023—Re-forming glass sheets by bending
- C03B23/0235—Re-forming glass sheets by bending involving applying local or additional heating, cooling or insulating means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2315/00—Other materials containing non-metallic inorganic compounds not provided for in groups B32B2311/00 - B32B2313/04
- B32B2315/08—Glass
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2419/00—Buildings or parts thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2605/00—Vehicles
- B32B2605/006—Transparent parts other than made from inorganic glass, e.g. polycarbonate glazings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2605/00—Vehicles
- B32B2605/08—Cars
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B23/00—Re-forming shaped glass
- C03B23/02—Re-forming glass sheets
- C03B23/023—Re-forming glass sheets by bending
- C03B23/025—Re-forming glass sheets by bending by gravity
- C03B23/0256—Gravity bending accelerated by applying mechanical forces, e.g. inertia, weights or local forces
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for forming glass panes.
- the invention further relates to methods for producing systems with curved glass panes.
- Document FR 412 231 shows a form for bending glass in which a contour is specified by pipes.
- the glass pane is heated and, under its own weight, lies in the mold under the influence of gravity.
- Such methods have the disadvantage that the course of the bending process cannot be precisely controlled and the processes take a relatively long time.
- the glass pane In order for the glass pane to fit well into the mold, the glass pane must also be heated to a great extent, particularly in the case of more complicated shapes. If the glass pane then gradually lies in the mold, the pipes on which the glass pane comes to rest cause unwanted additional deformations and ripples due to the high temperature or the uncontrolled lowering.
- the object of the present invention is to propose a method with which a controlled and precise shaping of glass panes is made possible and unwanted deformations are avoided.
- a glass pane is first heated and then bent until it reaches a shape that corresponds to a predetermined target contour.
- Print bar is used.
- a temporal change in a local curvature of the glass pane is controlled in such a way that the surface of the glass pane simultaneously reaches the desired contour at all points on the surface that do not remain stationary during the forming.
- the change in the local curvature over time can be controlled by not constantly adjusting a temperature and thus a viscosity of the glass pane during bending depending on the location.
- the temporal change in the local curvature can be controlled by appropriately setting the forces entered by the brackets and / or the pressure forces entered by the one or more pressure bars.
- the sum of the local bending moments resulting from the acting forces can be set so that the bending process is ended everywhere (i.e. for all areas of the glass pane) at the same time.
- a calculation or consideration of a bending moment required for a certain curvature can be carried out first. Based on this, the forces and moments can be selected in addition to levers relevant for the setting of the bending moment. This selection can therefore relate to the type of force or the force introduction means and the type of fastening of the glass pane.
- the viscosity of the glass pane can be taken into account, which in turn can be set locally according to the process, in order to enable the target contour to be reached at the same time.
- the possible bending moment settings are compared to the possible viscosity settings.
- the setting of the two parameters is subject to physical or practical limits, so that when the two possibly adjustable parameters are considered, the process can be optimized in order to make the bending process as economical as possible. This process can be used once on the entire glass pane, as well as in succession in several processes as described above on partial areas of the glass pane.
- the fact that the reshaping is finished everywhere at the same time, as described, can prevent individual areas of the glass pane from being reshaped earlier than others and from being additionally deformed unintentionally after the reshaping, while the remaining areas have not yet reached the desired contour. Furthermore, a total duration of the forming process can be optimized in this way.
- the forming can be limited by the circumscribing requirements.
- the supports can be carried along with the glass pane during the deformation.
- the simultaneous termination of the forming process in all moving pane areas can prevent individual areas from resting earlier and from being deformed unintentionally due to the pressure of the supports ,
- each pressure bar is used in each concave section. It should be mentioned that this also includes configurations in which the force is introduced at a plurality of force introduction points or surfaces, with corresponding force introduction means being arranged, for example, close to one another, for example in a line or directly next to one another and / or corresponding force introduction means for force introduction together be moved.
- the precise configuration of the pressure bar or the arrangement of the force introduction point or surfaces can be of subordinate relevance.
- One aspect of the presented method which is relevant for some embodiments, is rather that in an area in which the sign of the curvature of the target contour does not change, several concave-side strips moved independently of one another are not used.
- M is the locally acting bending moment, t the time, T the temperature, Hi (T) the viscosity, which indicates the local plastic deformability and is dependent on the temperature, and 1, the local area moment of inertia.
- Hi (T) the viscosity, which indicates the local plastic deformability and is dependent on the temperature
- oc stands for "is proportional to”.
- the area moment of inertia 1 is usually given by the dimensions for a given piece of glass and cannot be changed.
- curvature also depends in particular on the bending moment initiated, which results from the acting forces, and the viscosity, which is temperature-dependent.
- Each of these two parameters can be varied locally for the purposes of the invention, while the other remains unchanged. However, both parameters can also be varied locally.
- the local deformation is determined by the ratio of bending moment to viscosity (M / h). In the case of variable cross sections, the local area moment of inertia may also have to be taken into account.
- the possible variation of the bending moment introduced is carried out by locally varying or controlling the force introduced.
- the possible variation of the viscosity takes place by locally varying or controlling the temperature of the glass pane.
- the glass pane can be heated, for example, by means of a laser.
- other methods of heating can also be used, such as an oven with a locally adjustable temperature.
- the glass panes can have a thickness of at least 3 mm and / or at most 10 mm, for example.
- the glass pane can be bent into the desired contour such that it is is reached from all points of the glass pane at the same time, the target contour being able to have an analytical course.
- This can be, for example, a parabolic shape or a segment of a circle into which the glass pane is bent along one of its extents.
- the full length glass pane can take such a shape.
- the bending line of the glass pane is independent of the target contour.
- the lowering glass pane comes into contact, often in a random order.
- the storage conditions and thus the bending moment curve change.
- the glass pane has undergone a sequence of bending moments which are determined by the staggered placement. This creates unwanted contour deviations and ripples.
- the forming is controlled by suitable process conditions, forces, bending moments and temperatures, the forming only has to be stopped at the right time. In some cases, the latter can be achieved with target conditions. These are therefore only used to end the reshaping at the right place and to open up a larger process window.
- target ends of this type are not absolutely necessary to end the forming, for example if the glass pane is arranged in such a way that gravity has no influence on the forming, and the process can be ended by terminating the application of force.
- the target contour has an area that has a circular segment shape or a square parabolic shape.
- the time-dependent curvature can in particular be checked only by a local variation of the force introduced, while the temperature or the viscosity is the same or essentially the same everywhere in the glass pane.
- the time-dependent curvature can only be checked by locally varying the temperature during the acting force is exclusively the force of gravity that acts on the glass pane.
- a control of the force and / or the temperature can follow a preset course. This can, for example, be precalculated, for example with the aid of previously known physical properties of a glass pane to be bent, or it can be determined experimentally. Precalculation can use advanced material models for thermal conductivity, viscosity and temperature distribution, which are included in numerical and / or analytical calculations, for example.
- the temperature of the glass pane and / or the deformation of the glass pane can be monitored.
- optical measuring devices can be provided for monitoring the temperature and / or the deformation.
- the temperature of the glass pane can thus be monitored, at least in areas to be bent, during the bending. This can be done thermographically, for example with a thermal camera. Alternatively or in addition, thermocouples can also be used.
- Cameras for example stereo cameras, and / or laser distance sensors and / or laser scanners can be used to measure the deformation.
- the Aramis product can be used. It is a (stereo) camera-based evaluation system with which contours can be measured without contact. A sequence of recordings can be used to measure three-dimensional deformations after the process or in-situ.
- the temperature and thus the viscosity of the glass pane can be regulated depending on the location during the bending.
- the forces entered can be regulated based on the temperature and / or the deformation of the glass pane.
- the forces entered by the holders and / or the pressure forces entered by the one pressure bar or by the several pressure bars can be regulated.
- a method according to the application can comprise, for example, some or all of the following steps in the order in which they are mentioned or in another order:
- step (d) calculation of a local temperature field for setting the M / h distribution determined in step (a),
- step (e) Introducing the forces determined in step (c) and adjusting the temperature determined in step (d).
- Step (b) takes into account the boundary conditions specified, for example, by a bending tool.
- Steps (c) and (d) are usually carried out as a function of one another.
- the forces that can be introduced from (c) can be limited by the bending tool.
- the temperature settings from (d) can have a corrective effect in addition to the forces introduced, for example for target contours that cannot be achieved with the existing pressure bars or brackets alone, or if pressure bars or brackets are to be avoided as far as possible or completely.
- the temperature control in step (e) can be controlled by a local energy Trag take place, for example by means of a laser with which the glass pane is locally irradiated.
- the energy input can be adjusted via a dwell time of the laser at a specific location and / or via a beam power.
- a possible regulation of a method as described above can take place, for example, by means of a self-learning system, for example by means of an artificial neural network.
- Such a method can comprise one or more additional steps, for example, in this or another order, the steps:
- Steps (f) to (m) can then be repeated several times, for example cyclically.
- the target contour is specified by one or more target supports of a bending tool.
- the glass pane does not touch these target supports during bending, but only comes to rest on the target supports when the forming process has ended. The glass pane is then guided as little as possible in order to achieve the analytical process described above and to to avoid len.
- the forces that are entered by the brackets can be tensile forces and / or torques.
- torques can be introduced at opposite edges of the glass pane, for example by rotating the brackets ent opposite, in such a way that the glass plate deforms and assumes a desired contour, which corresponds, for example, to a segment of a circle.
- brackets with which the glass pane is held on opposite edges on train the glass plate then gradually, with decreasing train, at the beginning of the deformation orthogonal to the surface of the glass plate directed Ge weight force.
- the deformation can then be terminated by placing the glass pane in a shape predetermined by the bending tool or by the holders not giving in any further and finally cooling the glass pane.
- Sollkontu ren can be achieved, which differ from a contour in which the glass pane would lay if it only rested on edges and only the weight force would act.
- the target contour can comprise several areas that are bent in opposite directions.
- a sign of a curvature can therefore change between two adjacent areas.
- several sheets, for example S-shaped, can be introduced into the pane.
- a print bar can be provided for each sheet. The bending of the arcs running in the opposite direction can be carried out at the same time or can take place in bends that follow one another in time.
- the mentioned variation in temperature can be spatially varied locally along a first direction of expansion of the glass pane and can be set constant or substantially constant in a second direction of expansion that is orthogonal to the first direction of expansion.
- Such temperature profiles favor one-dimensional bending.
- Two-dimensionally variable temperature profiles are available in other versions also possible.
- the temperature of the glass pane along the first direction of expansion can be set constant in sections.
- These equithermal sections can have, for example, widths of at least 1.5 mm and / or at most 1 m.
- those of the equithermal sections into which a curvature is introduced or in which a curvature is changed can have widths of at least 1.5 mm or 3 mm or 4 mm or 0.5 cm and / or of at most 1 m.
- a laser for heating the glass pane, with which such equithermal sections can be produced can have a spot size of 5 mm, for example. Moving heating zones with other heating means can also be used for equithermal areas.
- a first temperature of a first such equithermal section of the glass pane, into which a curvature is introduced can differ from a second temperature of a second equithermal section of the glass pane into which a curvature is introduced, for example by at least 1 Kelvin or at least 5 Kelvin or at least Distinguish 10 Kelvin and / or at most 30 Kelvin.
- Two such equithermal sections in which, for example, curvatures are to be introduced, can adjoin one another, for example. However, there may also be an additional transition region between them, in which, for example, a different temperature prevails and / or in which the temperature changes continuously spatially and / or in which no curvature is introduced.
- two, three, four, or more equithermal sections can be provided, into each of which curvatures are to be introduced, the temperature of each of the equithermal sections differing from the temperature of one or two equithermal sections adjacent to the area, with adjacent equithermal sections Adjoin sections zen or a transition area is provided between adjacent sections.
- a first equithermal section can have a temperature of between 615 ° C and 625 ° C
- a second equithermal section adjacent to the first section can have a temperature of between 635 ° C and 645 ° C and a possible third equithermal section
- the adjacent to the second equithermal section may have a temperature 1 K or 5 K or 10 K to 30 K higher or lower than the second section.
- a radius of curvature which is introduced into an area of the glass pane can be, for example, less than 100 mm or less than 10 mm or 5 mm or less.
- This loading area can include one or more of the above-mentioned equithermal sections.
- the glass pane rests in such a way that a part of the glass pane that is moved during the deformation process should protrude, so that the protruding section is at least moved by the weight.
- no force other than the weight is initiated.
- additional forces are introduced in order to set a desired bending moment. The additional forces can be introduced, for example, by pressure bars or with the help of clamps.
- An achievable inner radius of curvature that is to be set in the method can, for example, correspond approximately to the thickness of the glass pane or can also be slightly less. For example, it is at least 2.5 mm or at least 3 mm or at least 4 mm. For example, it can be at most 300 mm.
- a curvature can be introduced into an inner section of the glass pane, while no curvature is introduced into the remaining outer sections.
- the temperature of the glass pane can be locally varied along a first direction of expansion of the glass pane and can be set in a constant manner depending on the location in a second direction of expansion that is orthogonal to the first direction of expansion.
- several, for example at least two, regions of different temperature can be present in the inner section, the temperature of which is in each case above the deformation temperature.
- the temperature in the outer areas can be kept below the deformation temperature. The deformation is then initiated only in the inner section and thus in a spatially limited area, which can correspond to a particularly sharp bend.
- a width of the inner section in the first direction of expansion can be, for example, at least the glass thickness or at least 3 mm or at least 4 mm. On the other hand, it can be, for example, at most 200 mm or at most 100 mm or at most 50 mm. The bend is then only introduced in a correspondingly wide strip, thus producing a sharp bend.
- Crucial for the method is a particularly precise adaptation of the bend which can be achieved by means of such finely adjustable strips. A maximum number in the inner area before equithermal areas of different temperatures in the above sense can be 15, for example.
- an advantage of the invention can be to achieve kinks that are as sharp as possible if the strips are chosen to be narrow.
- the method is also suitable for introducing a bend on a relatively large strip that follows a certain shape much more precisely than is possible with previous methods.
- a desired bend can be made on a section of up to 250 mm or 200 mm or, for example, up to 20 times the glass thickness.
- a segment of a circle (approximately a fourth telecircle) can be introduced on a strip of such a width.
- a large number of equithermal strips can be introduced accordingly - for example up to 20 da of.
- Each of the regions of different temperature in the interior section can have, for example, a width of at least 1.5 mm or at least 2 mm measured in the first direction of expansion. At least one of the areas can have a width of at most 12 mm, preferably at most 10 mm, particularly preferably at most 8 mm. It may also be the case that at least one of the regions has a width which corresponds at most to three times or at most twice the glass thickness. In possible versions, all of the areas in the interior section have this maximum width.
- the target contour in the inner section has a constant radius of curvature, so that the curved glass pane there forms the shape of a segment of a circle.
- the inner sections have a temperature which increases steadily from area to area, the section which is closest to the section lying on it being able to have the lowest temperature.
- the described method with all its possible described embodiments can be used for bending large panes.
- panes in which at least one side length is at least 6 m or at least 9 m or between 16 and 20 m can be bent.
- this 16 to 20 m long side can be bent using a method as described above.
- panes can be bent in one piece, for example in order to assume a target contour that follows an analytical course, such as a square parabola or a segment of a circle. Before the bending process, the panes do not have to be cut up or bent polygon-like in segments by several pressure bars.
- An example of an application of a method as described above is the production of a curved double pane or multiple pane.
- a double pane or multiple pane which can be used, for example, in architecture, an insulating gap is provided, for example, at least between two panes, which is filled, for example, with a medium.
- both disks of the double disk are bent as a pair in order to produce such double disks, whereby they already lie on one another. Contour errors resulting from the prior art bending process are thus in both disks, so that at least a fitting accuracy is guaranteed.
- a method for producing double disks or multiple proposed panes in which a first glass pane and a second glass pane are bent separately, in each case by a method according to this application.
- the first and second glass panes can then be arranged flatly one above the other and the panes can be connected to one another, an insulating gap remaining between the first and second glass panes. Due to the precise controllability of the method according to this application, it can be ensured that each of the disks has a high degree of contour accuracy, so that the disks reproduce the desired shape well and also fit together.
- a first glass pane in a further embodiment, it is also possible for a first glass pane to be bent by a method according to the application and then to be connected to a second glass pane, the second glass pane not necessarily having to be curved.
- a certain structure can be introduced into the first glass pane and this first glass pane can be connected to the second, flat glass pane.
- a shaped space can be produced between the first and the second glass pane and / or a structure can be provided on an outside of the multiple pane.
- Additional material can be introduced into the shaped space, for example for special applications, and the shaped space can be adapted to it.
- the additional material is not limited in its physical state. It can be, for example, a gas or electronic components or also a solid or a fluid and fulfill an aesthetic or a functional purpose.
- the method for producing a multiple pane with a plurality of curved - in particular sharply curved - glass panes arranged one on top of the other may include, for example, the method variant described above, in which each of the glass panes is bent by being placed on it in such a way that a part of the glass pane which is in the process of being Deformungspro processes is to be moved, so that the projecting section is at least moved by the weight.
- the overlying section can also be fixed.
- the first glass pane and the second glass pane can each be bent separately by a method according to the application, and the first and the second glass pane can then be arranged flatly one above the other.
- the radii of curvature in the first and second glass panes can be selected and the panes can be arranged in such a way that a distance can be produced between them, this distance preferably being the same size or essentially the same size everywhere is. A particularly precise fit can thus be made possible.
- This distance can remain as an insulating gap and / or a film can be arranged therein and / or a spacer.
- the additional material can also be arranged at this distance, for example for special applications.
- the curvature in all glass panes of the multiple pane can be set particularly precisely.
- the radii of curvature can be adapted to the adjacent glass panes, and spacers or film thicknesses in between can also be taken into account precisely.
- the pair of disks has a sharp bend or kink of between 30 ° and 120 °, in particular an angle of 80 ° to 100 °.
- a radius of curvature of such a double disc can be, for example, between 5 mm and 20 mm.
- Another possible application of the method presented relates to the production of laminated solar cells.
- a plastic film or another glass pane which has been precisely bent using the method presented can be laminated for sealing.
- a method for producing a parabolic trough is proposed.
- a plurality of glass panes are bent separately, in each case by a method according to this application.
- the disks are each brought into a square parabolic shape. This can be done for example using a single pressure bar, with or without the influence of gravity.
- the curved glass panes are placed together at their curved edges. A distance can remain between them, but they can also be butted against one another and, in this case, optionally also connected to one another.
- the glass panes bent in this way are then usually strung together along a longitudinal direction of the parabolic trough.
- Each of the curved glass panes typically extends over an entire width of the parabolic trough, which can be defined, for example, orthogonally to the longitudinal direction. This is a difference from the prior art, according to which the width of the paraboirs is composed of several glass panes. Due to the one-piece design described in the width direction and the accompanying contour accuracy, the performance of the parabolic troughs can be increased considerably thanks to the method according to the application.
- a first glass pane and a second glass pane can each be shaped and arranged equidistantly one above the other according to the method presented here. Since the glass panes can each have at least one interior section in which a radius of curvature is smaller than in adjacent sections (in particular, it is possible that there is no curvature at all in the adjacent sections, but the glass panes are flat there).
- the radius of curvature of the second glass pane in the inner section can be smaller than the radius of curvature of the first glass pane in the inner section, the second glass pane being shaped and arranged on the concave side of the first pane such that a gap remains between the first and the second glass pane. Due to the equidistant arrangement, which can be partially realized due to the described bending process, the gap has the same width everywhere. This corresponds to a particularly high quality and visually appealing multi-pane.
- Spacers and / or a film, in particular a non-breaking plastic film can be arranged in the gap.
- a gas such as argon or krypton, can be introduced into the gap, in particular if spacers are provided there, for insulation purposes, or the gap can be evacuated.
- a smallest inner radius of curvature of the glass panes of the multiple pane can, for example, correspond approximately to or slightly below the glass thickness. It can be, for example, at least 2.5 mm or at least 3 mm or at least 4 mm. On the other hand, it can be a maximum of 300 mm, for example.
- An angle determined by the curvature between the two sections adjacent to the inner section can be, for example, at least 20 °, preferably at least 45 ° and / or at most 135 °, preferably at most 100 °.
- a third pane of glass which is formed by the method presented, can furthermore be arranged on the first pane of glass on the convex side on the equidistant surface or on the second pane of glass on the concave side at the equidistant area.
- One or more further curved glass panes can then also be arranged on the concave side and / or convex side on the resulting composite.
- a parabolic trough according to this application is characterized, for example, by a plurality of parabolically curved glass panes which are juxtaposed in a longitudinal direction at their curved edges, each of the curved glass panes extending over an entire width of the parabolic trough running orthogonally to the longitudinal direction.
- the invention relates, on the one hand, to curved glass panes, double or multiple panes and paraboros that have been formed or manufactured using a method as described above, but on the other hand the applicant reserves the right, the glass panes, double or multiple panes and Paraboirs can also be used on their own, regardless of the manufacturing process mentioned.
- the invention therefore also relates to paraboros and to double and multiple disks with the properties described above, which can be claimed as such.
- the invention also relates to a bending tool which can be claimed as such, which comprises force introduction means, for example a pressure bar and / or holding stanchions, and / or devices for temperature control, such as a laser, which are each designed to perform a procedure as described here.
- force introduction means for example a pressure bar and / or holding stanchions
- temperature control such as a laser
- FIGS. la-b Show in the figures FIGS. la-b bending lines with associated bending moment curve
- FIGS. 3a-b a deformation of a glass pane by means of a pressure bar
- FIG. 4 a deformation of a glass pane by means of a pressure bar and movable guide supports
- FIG. 5 shows a deformation of a glass pane by means of a pressure bar and movable starting pads
- Fig. 7 is a deformation of a glass sheet by means of brackets
- FIGS. 8a-b a temperature-controlled deformation of a glass pane
- FIGS. 9a-b a manufacturing process of parabouins
- FIG. 10 a double disc according to this application
- FIGS. 12a-c views of a glass pane with a curved 3D structure, in different versions
- FIGS. 13a-d multiple glass panes in the form of structured double glass elements
- FIGS. 14a-h representations of various physical quantities that can be manipulated in methods according to the notification.
- FIG. 1 a) shows possible bending lines k si and k s2 for glass panes lying at their ends
- FIG. 1 b) shows the associated bending moments te Mi and M 2 .
- the bending line k si corresponds to a cubic parabola and k s2 to a square parabola.
- the bending moment Mi belonging to k si has a parabolic shape and is caused, for example, by a line load, that is to say, for example, by a weight force acting on the glass pane over the entire surface.
- the bending moment belonging to k s2 has a linearly increasing course towards the center.
- a glass pane that rests on its edges and that is only affected by the force of weight, is deposited under these conditions in accordance with a cubic parabola. If other shapes are desired, this can be ensured by a corresponding shape, as in the prior art, but then certain areas of the glass pane lie in front of other areas of the glass pane and are disadvantageously further deformed and / or unwanted yourself.
- a pressure bar is used, for example, to generate the bending moment M 2 , for example.
- the bending behavior can be influenced by adjusting the viscosity by varying the temperature.
- FIG. 2 shows a process according to the application, in which a glass pane 1 rests on supports 4 in the vicinity of its edges.
- the glass pane 1, as indicated by arrows, is transformed from an initial contour k a into a target contour k s , which in the present case is defined by the supports 4 and by target supports 5.
- the glass pane 1 passes between contours k zi- k z3 .
- the glass pane can be a soda-lime glass pane, for example, which can be deformed at temperatures from around 600 ° C.
- a thickness of the glass pane can be, for example, between 2 mm and 10 mm.
- the glass sheet is first heated and then bent by acting on the glass sheet 1 by external forces at least as long until it reaches a shape that corresponds to the target contour k s .
- a time change shown in the figure of a local curvature of the glass pane 1, from the starting contour k a , via the intermediate contours ren z zi , k z2 and k z3 , up to the target contour k s is controlled so that the surface the glass pane 1 the target contour k s at all points of the surface that do not remain motionless, reached simultaneously.
- the glass pane thus lies on all five target supports 5 shown at the same time, so that the shaping process is ended at the same time everywhere.
- a viscosity of the glass sheet 1 is not set to be constant depending on the location during the bending and / or by means of possible forces entered and / or the pressure forces entered by the one or more possible pressure bars 3 for this purpose can be set appropriately. That is, in order to control the temporal change in the curvature k (t), the ratio of the bending moment M and viscosity h, which enters the curvature via k (t) oc M / h, at all times of the bending process and at all Locations of the glass pane adjusted in a controlled manner (oc stands for "is proportional to").
- the bending moment M can be modified by varying the forces and the viscosity h by varying the temperature.
- One of these variables can be varied or both.
- process variables such as heat input, temperature structure and duration of heat input can be determined and optimized.
- the supports 4 can be, for example, tubes or tubular alreadybil det and act as a floating bearing for the glass sheet 1.
- the target supports 5 are optional in the case of bending tools for carrying out the methods presented here and can be designed as tubes or tubular.
- the glass pane 1 touches the target supports, which are designed to be immovable, only when they reach the target contour k s , and is checked at previous times during the bending process only by the supports 4 and, for example, by pressure bars and / or gravity and deformed.
- the temperature of the glass pane 1 and the deformation of the glass pane 1 can be monitored during the bending process. This means that at different times, for example when the glass pane reaches the intermediate contours k zi- k z3 , the curvature and the temperature can be determined in a spatially resolved manner by means of optical devices, for example by means of a thermal camera and / or by means of a laser. Based on the temperature and / or the deformation of the glass pane, the temperature and thus the viscosity of the glass pane 1 can be regulated in a location-dependent manner during the bending and the forces can be regulated as described above in order to simultaneously achieve the target contour k s for all areas to ensure the glass pane 1.
- the heating of the glass pane 1 and the setting of the temperature of the glass pane 1 is carried out, for example, with a laser.
- Possible types of force transmission in the method according to the application are shown by way of example in FIGS. 3 to 8. That is, the force introduction methods presented there can be used in the method described here and can be carried out in a controlled manner in connection with the control or regulation described here.
- FIG. 3 shows embodiments of processes according to the application, in which a compressive force is introduced into the glass pane by means of a pressure bar 3.
- the glass pane rests on supports 4.
- the pressure bar 3 is each centrally between the supports 4 on the side of the glass facing away from the supports. disc 1 arranged.
- the glass pane 1 can additionally be fixed in its starting position by means of additional optional starting pads 7, which are arranged on the same side as the pressure bar 3.
- the pressure bar 3 presses the heated glass sheet 1 against the supports 4 and is moved between the supports 4 to bring about a curvature in the glass sheet 1. Accordingly, the pressure bar 3 presses on the concave side in the center against the glass pane 1.
- the starting contour k a is flat in both cases and the target contour k s is in both cases a square parabola given by the supports 4 and the target supports 5.
- the glass pane in contrast to FIG. 3b), is oriented in such a way that the gravitational field of the earth g acts parallel to the surface of the glass pane 1 and thus has no influence on the deformation of the glass pane 1.
- the force directed by the pressure bar 3 along a line limits the deformation alone, so that a bending moment corresponds to the bending moment M 2 from FIG. 1 is present in its pure form.
- the bending process can be stopped at any time, a contour obtained as a result always representing a square parabola.
- the glass pane 1 is oriented such that the gravitational field of the earth g and thus the weight is directed orthogonally to the surface of the unbent glass pane 1.
- the glass pane 1 is thereby pressed onto the supports 4, or the deformation can then be supported by gravity.
- the gravity acting in this way does not lead to the desired target contour k s at a homogeneous temperature of the glass pane 1.
- the temperature should either be adjusted and / or the force should be introduced in such a way that the contribution of gravity is compensated for or becomes negligible.
- the force is introduced by the pressure bar 3 so quickly that contributions to gravity can be neglected.
- the glass pane 1 can each have a spatially homogeneous temperature which does not vary over time, but it can also - for example to correct the course of the curvature over time. effect - have a locally and / or temporally varying temperature.
- the temperature spatially and temporally in order to compensate for a possible contribution of gravity to the deformation, which would not bend the glass pane into the desired parabolic shape.
- FIG. 4 shows a bending process according to the application for the glass pane 1, which, as in FIG. 3, is carried out or predetermined by means of a pressure bar 3, which is arranged between two supports 4.
- the force of gravity acts orthogonally to the surface of the glass pane 1.
- the plate is supported from below, on the side facing away from the pressure bar 3, by movable guide supports 8, which bear at least part of the load on the glass pane 1 before bending begins.
- the guide pads 8 are lowered during the bending process and have reached a shape at the end of the shaping process, which corresponds to the target contour k s . There may be a superimposition of deformation by the individual load of the pressure bar 3 and by the weight, the former usually dominating.
- the guide supports 8 can be guided according to a Steiner 'see formula to points belonging to the parabolic shape aimed for. It is also possible to move the guide supports 8 such that the target contour S
- the corresponding deformation can be controlled and / or regulated by the temperature variation of the glass pane 1.
- the corresponding deformation can also be brought about by the guide supports, for example in a direction opposite the deformation caused by the pressure bar 3. Then the guide supports 8 can act as additional pressure strips, of which, for example, at most one is used in each concave partial area of the surface.
- gravity can also act parallel to the surface of the glass pane 1.
- FIG. 5 shows a configuration in accordance with the application with movable start supports 10 which, like the movable guide supports 8 from FIG. 4, bear part of the load of the glass pane 1 at least before the beginning of the bending, while the weight force acts orthogonally to the surface of the glass pane 1.
- the movable starting pads 10 can be moved downwards, for example following the current contour of the glass pane 1.
- the movable start support 10 does not serve as the target support.
- There are additional target pads 5 are provided, which limit the movement of the glass sheet 1 and the Sollkon tur k s of the glass sheet 1 together with the bending pads 4 define.
- gravity can also act parallel to the surface of the glass pane 1.
- FIG. 6 shows a method according to the application, in which the glass pane 1 is clamped in brackets 6 on opposite edges.
- the Ge weight acts perpendicular to the surface of the glass sheet 1 and causes the deformation.
- ⁇ is predetermined by target supports 5.
- tensile forces are introduced into the glass sheet 1, that is, the edges of the glass sheet 1 are pulled outwards by the brackets 6 and the glass sheet 1 is released into the mold during the bending process with controlled decreasing tension and accordingly moving the brackets 6 towards one another , so that all points on the surface of the glass pane 1 simultaneously reach the target contour S
- the glass pane 1 can, for example, be brought back into the desired contour k s , which has a square parabolic shape.
- Figure 7 shows a method according to the application, in which torques are introduced through the stanchions 6, in which the glass pane 1 is clamped at opposite edges.
- the brackets 6 are rotated in opposite directions, as shown in the figure by arrows.
- the resulting bending moment M is outlined in the figure and has a discontinuity.
- the glass sheet deforms in a controlled manner via the intermediate contours k zi- k z3 into the target contour k s , which represents a shape of a segment of a circle, such as a semicircle.
- the target supports 5 are optional in those designs in which the deforming forces are introduced via such torques.
- gravity acts orthogonally to the surface of the glass pane 1, but can also act parallel to the surface of the glass pane 1.
- Figure 8 shows a method according to the application for bending the glass sheet 1 from the initial contour k a ( Figure 8a) into the target contour k s ( Figure 8b), in which the temperature of the glass sheet 1 locally along a first direction of expansion of the glass sheet (horizontal in the figure 8a) is varied spatially and is set constant in a second direction of expansion that is orthogonal to the first direction of expansion (orthogonal to the plane of the drawing).
- the glass pane is placed on supports 4, on which it is fixed by an optional fixation 9.
- the deformation is now brought about solely by the gravitational field of the earth g and thus the weight, which, as shown by the arrow in FIG. 8, acts downward and forces the area projecting above the supports 4 downward.
- the temperature of the glass pane 1 is set constant in sections along the first direction of expansion, so that stripe-shaped equithermal sections ae are formed, of which two outer sections a and e, into which no curvature is to be introduced, are colder than inner areas b, c, d, in each of which a curvature is to be introduced.
- areas a and e can be so cold that the glass cannot be deformed in these areas.
- Section a corresponds exactly to the area that rests on the supports.
- the areas b, c, d into which the curvature is to be introduced are in each case between 5 cm and 1 m. wide.
- the areas a and e are wider than the areas b, c and d.
- the bending moment acting on the glass pane 1, which affects the deformation acts, is dependent on the weight of the supports 4 overhanging areas which with a homogeneous density and constant width of the glass pane, linearly dependent on the length of the overhanging areas. Furthermore, the bending moment depends on the lever arm of the protruding areas. This means that a bending moment acts in area d, which is dependent on a segment length Si that extends over sections d and e. In area c there is a greater bending moment than in area d, which is dependent on a segment length s 2 which extends over sections c, d and e. In region b there is an even greater bending moment, into which the segment length s 3 extends, which extends over the sections b, c, d and e.
- the size of the bending moment acting there is taken into account for each of the areas b, c, d into which the curvature is to be introduced in the sense of this application.
- the different bending moments acting in sections b, c and d are countered by changing the viscosity h over temperature.
- the time-dependent curvature can also be checked if a change in the bending moments due to additional forces is not considered.
- a corresponding temperature adjustment must be made. This temperature adjustment can be controlled according to a known pattern or during the process of monitoring
- the actual contour and actual temperature can be regulated based on this. At least the temperature in the areas of the glass pane to be bent, ie at least in sections b, c and d, is monitored during the bending, for example thermographically. At least in the same area, the curvature is then monitored optically, for example by means of a laser, and the temperature is controlled and / or readjusted by means of a laser.
- the temperatures prevailing in sections b, c and d can, for example, differ from one another in pairs by between 10 Kelvin and 30 Kelvin.
- the glass pane contacts target supports 5.
- the target supports 5 are optional and, for example, can be arranged in some versions such that they are only touched by the relatively cold section e, which, for example, is not deformable at its temperature.
- Figure 9a shows a method for producing a parabolic trough according to the prior art
- Figure 9b shows a method for producing a
- FIG. 9 a) shows how a parabolic trough with large dimensions is produced from a large number of glass panes la-lp.
- the glass panes la-lp have standard sizes of, for example, a maximum side length of 1.7 m and are present in an unbent shape in FIG. 9a) (i). From (i) to (ii), each of the glass panes la-lp is bent in a method according to the prior art. In this case, a target contour k si is created for the glass panes le-ll to be arranged in an inner region of the parabolic trough wise central segments should correspond to a square parabola.
- a target contour l s2 is created in each case, which is approximated to segments of a square parabola lying further outward.
- the approximation to the square parabola is not satisfactory for both the inner glass panes le-ll and the outer glass panes ben la-ld and lm-lp, since according to the prior art, as mentioned at the beginning, cubic functions to the square Parabola to be approached.
- the edge regions of the glass panes la-lp there are typically process-related contour errors.
- the glass panes are put together as shown in (iii), the resulting parabolic trough not having optimized performance due to the deficiencies in the contours of individual glass panes la-lp.
- FIG. 9b shows a method for producing a parabolic trough according to this application.
- the parabolic trough is accordingly made of glass panes la, lr which are bent separately in the process according to this application. It can be, for example, the glass pane 1 from one of FIGS. 2-6.
- the glass panes which are initially flat in (i), are each bent from (i) to (ii) into a nominal contour k s , which is parabolic.
- a high degree of contour accuracy is achieved by the methods presented in this application.
- FIGS. 9a) and 9b) by hatching in the case of FIG. 9a) for the glass panes la-ld and lm-lp approximately the course of an outer region of the parabolic target contour k s from FIG. 9b) is to be created and for the glass panes le-ll approximately the course of an inner area of the parabolic target contour k s from FIG. 9b).
- the contour accuracy is clearly superior in the case of FIG. 9b).
- the curved glass panes lq, lr are placed against one another at their curved edges and are thus lined up along a longitudinal direction of the parabolic trough. Each of the curved glass panes thus extends over a total width of the parabolic trough that is orthogonal to the longitudinal direction.
- the parabolic trough shown in Fig. 9b) is characterized by a particularly high performance due to the high contour fidelity and its one-piece construction along the width.
- Each of the glass panes lq, lr has dimensions in which at least one side length is more than 6 m, for example between 16 and 20 m.
- FIG. 9b shows two glass panes lq, lr, but it is also possible to use more than two glass panes with the same properties.
- the glass panes lq, lr can be cut for transport after bending in step (ii) and can be reassembled at the desired location of the parabolic trough. The performance is only minimally affected by the division. Due to the good contour accuracy, high-performance paraboros are also possible with divided and assembled glass panes lq, lr. One-piece design is typically ensured during bending in order to maintain the contour accuracy mentioned.
- FIG. 10 shows a double pane which comprises a first glass pane ls and a second glass pane lt which were bent separately, in each case by a method as shown in this application. Then the first glass and the second glass pane were arranged one above the other as shown. Due to the accuracy that can be achieved with the methods shown above, the double pane can reliably reproduce a desired contour and the glass panes ls and lt fit exactly on one another.
- the glass panes ls, lt are each larger than 1.7 mx 1.7 m.
- the double pane can be designed as a composite (safety) glass without a free space between the two panes ls, lt, with a plastic film arranged between them. There may also be an insulating gap between the panes ls, lt, which is filled, for example, with a poorly heat-conducting gas, such as argon, nitrogen or dry air, in order to provide the double pane, that is to say insulating glass pane. Then the glass panes are glued tight all round and apart from the spacer are used.
- a poorly heat-conducting gas such as argon, nitrogen or dry air
- FIGS 11 a to I show different versions of curved
- FIG. 11a shows a double disk, in which the second disk lt is arranged on the concave side of the first disk ls. Spacers 12 are located between the two disks.
- the bends introduced into the disks each have a constant radius and the two sections adjacent to the bent regions each have an angle of 90 degrees to one another.
- the panes are therefore bent at right angles and the curved sections thus correspond to quarter circles.
- Bending radius of the inner second disc is, for example, between 3 and 10 mm.
- a section on which the disk assumes the quarter circle shape is correspondingly spatially limited.
- the glass pane is therefore heated as a whole only on a strip-shaped inner section above the deformation temperature, this strip-shaped inner section having a width of 30 to 50 mm.
- the inner bending radius of the first disk is correspondingly greater than the inner bending radius of the second disk and is calculated from the inner bending radius of the second disk plus the thickness of the second disk plus the thickness of the spacers.
- the radius can be adjusted to the millimeter.
- the slice thicknesses can be 3 or 4 mm, for example.
- FIG. 11b shows a pane similar to FIG. 11a, it being a triple insulating glass pane, in which a third pane is also arranged on the convex side of the first pane, also with spacers 12 in between.
- the third disc also has a curved quarter segment of a circle with a radius that is correspondingly enlarged compared to the first disc.
- the gaps that are delimited by the disks and the spacers 12 can, for example, be evacuated for insulation purposes or filled with a gas.
- the gaps have the same gap width everywhere.
- the sections adjacent to the inner curved regions form straight end pieces. In these sections, however, additional bends in the same direction or in the opposite direction can also be introduced.
- 11c shows a double laminated safety glass pane.
- ls, lt each with a thickness of between 4 and 8 mm
- the disks have 90 ° bends, which are realized on quarters in spatially very limited sections.
- FIG. 11d A development of the embodiment from FIG. 11c is shown in FIG. 11d - this is a triple laminated safety glass pane.
- the disks and foils each have the same dimensions as in the case of FIG. 11c.
- the bending radii are precisely adapted to the film thicknesses and pane thicknesses in order to avoid unevenness or air pockets that could represent an optical impairment.
- FIG. 11 e shows a double-insulating laminated safety glass pane.
- Two elements which are essentially constructed like the safety disks from FIG. 11c, are connected to one another and spacers are arranged between them in order to create a gap that can be evacuated or filled with gas.
- Such panes can be used with particular advantage in architecture, for example in high-rise buildings or viewing platforms, where special requirements are placed on safety, thermal insulation and optical properties.
- Figure 11f shows another double-insulating laminated safety glass pane.
- a film is laminated onto each of two panes and these two panes are connected with spacers. Even so, he can ensure increased safety in the event of glass breakage and good insulation ability.
- Figures 11g and 11h show two possible variants of an insulating composite pane, in which either only the concave-side or only the convex-side pane has a film. Depending on the requirements, the film can therefore only be provided on one side. If the film is to be made available on the outside of a building, for example, it can be arranged on the corresponding outside pane. Again, depending on the desired design, the concave-side or the convex-side disk can form the outer disk.
- FIG 11 i shows an insulating laminated safety glass pane with bulletproof glass. Their structure corresponds to the principle shown in Figure Ile. However, here is convex an armored glass pane with a thickness of 8 to 10 mm is arranged on the side as the outermost glass pane instead of a conventional glass pane. The remaining panes are 4 mm thick.
- FIG. 11j Another multi-pane composite with armored glass is shown in FIG. 11j.
- a large number of foils and panes are arranged alternately, the panes alternating between conventional 4 mm panes and bulletproof glass.
- FIGS. 11 k and I finally illustrate the possibility of making particularly well insulating composite panes with two gaps according to the example from FIG. 11 b safer by replacing at least some of the panes from FIG. 11 b by a double pane with film. Specifically, it is proposed to design the innermost and outermost pane as a double pane with film (Fig. 111) or even all three (Fig. 11k).
- FIGS. 12a-c show views of a glass pane with a curved 3D structure.
- FIG. 12a shows how a pane that can be produced using the methods shown can be designed.
- the structures which can be produced according to the application are therefore in particular not limited to 2D or quasi-2D structures. Rather, two or more bends can be introduced who, in particular, do not have to be parallel to one another.
- FIGS. 12b and 12c each illustrate the section AA through FIG. 12a, in the case of FIG. 12b two sharp bends being introduced along the lines x and y.
- the middle area of the glass pane can rest and the areas outside of x and y can protrude.
- FIG. 12c An alternative to the embodiment from FIG. 12b is shown in FIG. 12c. Here is just the section AA shown.
- sharp bends they are curved shapes that also have opposite bending directions. Such shapes can be used in particular of pressure bars and / or gravity and / or of clamps (cf. FIGS. la to 7). Pressure bars can, for example, be inserted on opposite sides of the disk, essentially along the lines x and y.
- the bends can be made here be introduced simultaneously or in succession.
- FIGS. 16a-d show structured double glass elements in which at least one pane is bent using a method according to the application.
- a second disc may have a flat shape (FIGS. 13a, b, d) or may also be curved (FIG. 13c).
- the two panes can be laminated together, for example with an additional film in between. Due to the deformation in one of the disks, a cavity can be formed between the disks, which, thanks to the method, can have a complex and very precisely adjustable shape. Of course, more than one cavity can also be created.
- the cavities created in this way can be used, for example, to introduce additional material 13 therein.
- the additional material can be a functional element. For example, it can be electronic components or cables.
- the cavity can also form a channel for a medium or be designed as a pocket.
- the additional material can be liquid, solid or gaseous.
- the shape of the curved disk is typically limited. All that needs to be provided is an area or area that allows connection to the second pane.
- FIGS. 14a-h again illustrate the physical process on which the method shown in FIG. 8 is based.
- FIGS. 14b to h show physical quantities that can be changed spatially along the length of the glass pane 1 shown in FIG. 14a in the method according to the application.
- FIG. 14a shows the glass pane again, which rests on the supports 4, so that part of it protrudes.
- the protruding part is now to be bent down under the influence of the gravity g shown, with a curvature in the inner section, which is formed from the areas b, c and d, to be introduced.
- the areas or sections a and d adjacent to the inner section are intended to remain undeformed (of course, this does not preclude areas a and e from being used in previous steps, for example were reshaped and in turn are not flat at all but already have a curvature). Accordingly, only the inner lying areas b, c and d are heated above the deformation temperature for bending. The corresponding target curvature according to regions is shown in FIG. 14b. It should disappear in areas a and e and be constant across areas b, c, d.
- the bending moment M g acting on the glass pane, which results from the force of gravity, is plotted in FIG. 14c over the length of the glass pane 1.
- FIG. 14d shows a contribution to the bending moment which comes from an additional moment M z introduced with clamps or pressure bars.
- FIG. 14a it is a moment that follows the bending movement of the glass pane and thus supports it. It makes a constant contribution and can, for example, serve to accelerate the bending process.
- FIG. 14e Another contribution to the bending moment is illustrated in FIG. 14e. It is the moment resulting from an additional force F, the additional force acting directly at the boundary of the areas d and e (so that the section e not to be deformed remains unaffected), for example by adding an additional mass or a Print bar is provided.
- the sum of the bending moments discussed above is shown in Figure 14f. As is clear, the bending moments have a strong effect in the area in which a curvature is to be introduced, while, for example, the area e behind is relieved in relation to it.
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN201980051007.7A CN112512978B (zh) | 2018-07-31 | 2019-07-31 | 用于玻璃板成形的方法 |
KR1020217003105A KR20210040372A (ko) | 2018-07-31 | 2019-07-31 | 판유리의 형성 방법 |
JP2021501342A JP2021532044A (ja) | 2018-07-31 | 2019-07-31 | ガラスペインを成形する方法 |
EP19748812.5A EP3830045A1 (de) | 2018-07-31 | 2019-07-31 | Verfahren zum umformen von glasscheiben |
US17/250,505 US11939253B2 (en) | 2018-07-31 | 2019-07-31 | Method for shaping glass panes |
CA3106424A CA3106424A1 (en) | 2018-07-31 | 2019-07-31 | Method for shaping glass panes |
PE2021000130A PE20211262A1 (es) | 2018-07-31 | 2019-07-31 | Procedimiento para la conformacion de paneles de vidrio |
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DE102018212796.4 | 2018-07-31 | ||
DE102018212796.4A DE102018212796A1 (de) | 2018-07-31 | 2018-07-31 | Verfahren zum Umformen von Glasscheiben |
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WO2020025678A1 true WO2020025678A1 (de) | 2020-02-06 |
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PCT/EP2019/070638 WO2020025678A1 (de) | 2018-07-31 | 2019-07-31 | Verfahren zum umformen von glasscheiben |
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US (1) | US11939253B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3830045A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2021532044A (de) |
KR (1) | KR20210040372A (de) |
CN (1) | CN112512978B (de) |
CA (1) | CA3106424A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102018212796A1 (de) |
PE (1) | PE20211262A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2020025678A1 (de) |
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GB2592760B (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2023-11-15 | Sanko Seikosho Co Ltd | Thermoplastic plate bending method, working jig, and concave thermoplastic plate |
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FR412231A (fr) | 1909-12-31 | 1910-07-07 | Desire Robier | Moule universel pour le bombage des glaces |
US5176733A (en) * | 1988-12-27 | 1993-01-05 | Ford Motor Company | Method and apparatus for directed energy glass heating |
US20030154746A1 (en) * | 2000-07-10 | 2003-08-21 | Esa Lammi | Method for bending a glass sheet and a bending mould |
US20080134721A1 (en) * | 2005-03-10 | 2008-06-12 | Agc Flat Glass Europe | Method of Bending Glass Sheets |
DE102007012146A1 (de) * | 2007-03-12 | 2008-09-18 | Lzh Laserzentrum Hannover E.V. | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Umformung von Bauteilen aus unter Wärmeeinfluß verformbaren Materialien, insbesondere aus Glas |
US20130086948A1 (en) * | 2011-10-10 | 2013-04-11 | Antoine Gaston Denis Bisson | Apparatus and method for tight bending thin glass sheets |
WO2014141790A1 (ja) * | 2013-03-14 | 2014-09-18 | 日本電気硝子株式会社 | ガラス曲板の製造方法 |
KR20170123592A (ko) * | 2015-09-18 | 2017-11-08 | 주식회사 탑 엔지니어링 | 레이저를 이용한 유리 및 강화유리 밴딩 방법 |
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US3762904A (en) * | 1972-08-23 | 1973-10-02 | Libbey Owens Ford Co | Process for bending a glass sheet to a relatively sharp angle |
JPS60141651A (ja) * | 1983-12-28 | 1985-07-26 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 湾曲複層透明板の製造方法 |
US5322539A (en) * | 1992-06-26 | 1994-06-21 | Desert Glassworks, Inc. | Quartz tank member and method of production thereof |
JPH11199254A (ja) | 1998-01-05 | 1999-07-27 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | ガラス板の曲げ成形装置の加熱温度制御装置 |
JP2004131347A (ja) * | 2002-10-11 | 2004-04-30 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | ガラス板の曲げ成形方法 |
JP2005067928A (ja) | 2003-08-21 | 2005-03-17 | Central Glass Co Ltd | 板ガラスの成形方法 |
ES2371253T3 (es) * | 2003-10-28 | 2011-12-28 | Schott Ag | Procedimiento para fabricar una pieza moldeada de vidrio con al menos una rama doblada en ángulo. |
JP5605176B2 (ja) * | 2010-11-10 | 2014-10-15 | 旭硝子株式会社 | フラットパネルディスプレイ用カバーガラス及びその製造方法 |
DE102011050628A1 (de) * | 2011-05-24 | 2012-11-29 | Get Glass Engineering Gmbh | Verfahren und Anordnung zum komplexen Biegen von Flachglas |
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DE102014110920C5 (de) * | 2014-07-31 | 2023-08-03 | Schott Ag | Geformter Glasartikel mit vorbestimmter Geometrie |
CN107406295B (zh) * | 2015-03-11 | 2020-08-18 | 松下知识产权经营株式会社 | 玻璃面板单元的制造方法和玻璃窗的制造方法 |
EP3571050A4 (de) * | 2017-01-20 | 2020-10-14 | Pittsburgh Glass Works, LLC | Symmetrische verglasung für verbesserte schalldämmung |
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2018
- 2018-07-31 DE DE102018212796.4A patent/DE102018212796A1/de active Pending
-
2019
- 2019-07-31 CN CN201980051007.7A patent/CN112512978B/zh active Active
- 2019-07-31 EP EP19748812.5A patent/EP3830045A1/de active Pending
- 2019-07-31 KR KR1020217003105A patent/KR20210040372A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2019-07-31 JP JP2021501342A patent/JP2021532044A/ja active Pending
- 2019-07-31 PE PE2021000130A patent/PE20211262A1/es unknown
- 2019-07-31 WO PCT/EP2019/070638 patent/WO2020025678A1/de unknown
- 2019-07-31 CA CA3106424A patent/CA3106424A1/en active Pending
- 2019-07-31 US US17/250,505 patent/US11939253B2/en active Active
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FR412231A (fr) | 1909-12-31 | 1910-07-07 | Desire Robier | Moule universel pour le bombage des glaces |
US5176733A (en) * | 1988-12-27 | 1993-01-05 | Ford Motor Company | Method and apparatus for directed energy glass heating |
US20030154746A1 (en) * | 2000-07-10 | 2003-08-21 | Esa Lammi | Method for bending a glass sheet and a bending mould |
US20080134721A1 (en) * | 2005-03-10 | 2008-06-12 | Agc Flat Glass Europe | Method of Bending Glass Sheets |
DE102007012146A1 (de) * | 2007-03-12 | 2008-09-18 | Lzh Laserzentrum Hannover E.V. | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Umformung von Bauteilen aus unter Wärmeeinfluß verformbaren Materialien, insbesondere aus Glas |
US20130086948A1 (en) * | 2011-10-10 | 2013-04-11 | Antoine Gaston Denis Bisson | Apparatus and method for tight bending thin glass sheets |
WO2014141790A1 (ja) * | 2013-03-14 | 2014-09-18 | 日本電気硝子株式会社 | ガラス曲板の製造方法 |
KR20170123592A (ko) * | 2015-09-18 | 2017-11-08 | 주식회사 탑 엔지니어링 | 레이저를 이용한 유리 및 강화유리 밴딩 방법 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN112512978A (zh) | 2021-03-16 |
DE102018212796A1 (de) | 2020-02-06 |
CN112512978B (zh) | 2023-10-20 |
EP3830045A1 (de) | 2021-06-09 |
PE20211262A1 (es) | 2021-07-15 |
KR20210040372A (ko) | 2021-04-13 |
US11939253B2 (en) | 2024-03-26 |
JP2021532044A (ja) | 2021-11-25 |
US20210309557A1 (en) | 2021-10-07 |
CA3106424A1 (en) | 2020-02-06 |
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