WO2020007048A1 - 具备流体引导流路的燃料电池及其制造方法 - Google Patents
具备流体引导流路的燃料电池及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020007048A1 WO2020007048A1 PCT/CN2019/074682 CN2019074682W WO2020007048A1 WO 2020007048 A1 WO2020007048 A1 WO 2020007048A1 CN 2019074682 W CN2019074682 W CN 2019074682W WO 2020007048 A1 WO2020007048 A1 WO 2020007048A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0267—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors having heating or cooling means, e.g. heaters or coolant flow channels
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0206—Metals or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0213—Gas-impermeable carbon-containing materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0223—Composites
- H01M8/0228—Composites in the form of layered or coated products
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0247—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/026—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant characterised by grooves, e.g. their pitch or depth
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/0265—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant the reactant or coolant channels having varying cross sections
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
- H01M8/242—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes comprising framed electrodes or intermediary frame-like gaskets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell configured by stacking a fuel cell unit into a plurality of layers.
- the fuel cell unit uses an anode-side separator and a cathode-side separator for an electrolyte membrane, an anode-side catalyst layer, a cathode-side catalyst layer, and an anode.
- the side gas diffusion layer and the cathode side gas diffusion layer are sandwiched.
- the present invention particularly relates to a groove-shaped gas guide flow path provided at a middle position between each separator and each gas diffusion layer, and between two adjacent separators.
- a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell (PEFC)) includes the following electrolyte membrane and electrode assembly (CCM, MEA).
- the electrolyte membrane and electrode assembly is formed of a polymer ion exchange membrane.
- An anode electrode is disposed on one surface side of the electrolyte membrane, and a cathode electrode is disposed on the other surface side.
- the MEA constitutes a power generation unit by being sandwiched by a partition.
- a fuel cell is usually stacked in a predetermined number of power generating units and then assembled into a fuel cell electric vehicle, for example, as a fuel cell stack for a vehicle. In a fuel cell, tens to hundreds of power generating units are usually stacked, and then used, for example, as a fuel cell stack for a vehicle.
- a fuel gas flow path is provided in the plane of one separator toward the anode electrode, and a flow path of an oxidizing gas is provided in the face of the other separator toward the cathode electrode.
- a cooling medium flow path is formed between the anode separator and the cathode separator.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2016-58288
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2006-120621
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2006-339089
- a separator is formed by press-forming a metal plate having groove-shaped flow paths having different rib heights.
- the separator is deflected with processing, and the separator is cracked, deformed and hardened due to microfabrication. Deformation of the plate.
- warpage occurs with a metal mold.
- it is difficult to reform the metal mold from a technical perspective or a cost perspective.
- the gas diffusion layer and the fluid guide flow path are integrally formed by vapor phase growth. Since the gas diffusion layer obtained by the gas phase generation in this way is integrated with the fluid guide flow path, when the flow path design needs to be performed under different specifications, it is disadvantageous from a cost standpoint to perform design changes. In addition, such vapor phase growth takes time in the process and is therefore not suitable for mass production.
- Patent Document 3 a fluid-guided flow path is formed in a porous gas diffusion layer without a separator.
- This gas diffusion layer is also formed by using a mold to integrate the gas diffusion layer and the fluid-guided flow path.
- this technique cannot reduce costs by using the constituent components of the finished product.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell that can be manufactured at low cost and high efficiency.
- a cooling medium flow path made of a dense highly conductive carbon-based coating material is formed between adjacent separators, and a highly conductive carbon-based coating is formed between the separator and the gas diffusion layer.
- a dense and / or porous structure-made gas-guided flow path made of cloth material is used.
- the object of the present invention is achieved by providing a fuel cell unit provided with a fluid-guiding flow path composed of a cooling medium flow path and a gas-guiding flow path, thereby suppressing the complexity of the manufacturing process.
- Fluid guide flow path structure
- the main purpose disclosed in the present invention is to optimize the design of the fluid guide flow path freely, so that the fuel cell is composed of a catalyst coating film (electrolyte film with catalyst layer), a pair of gas diffusion layers, and a pair of separators.
- the fuel cell formed by the unit realizes the realization of high output density and high power density.
- the present invention provides a fuel cell configured as described below.
- An aspect of the present invention provides a fuel cell including a plurality of fuel cell units, each fuel cell unit including an opposing first separator, a second separator, and a fuel cell stacked between the first and second separators.
- a membrane electrode assembly comprising a catalyst coating film and a first gas diffusion layer and a second gas diffusion layer respectively provided on a first side and a second side of the catalyst coating film, the fuel
- the battery cell further includes a gas guiding flow path between the first separator and the first gas diffusion layer and / or between the second separator and the second gas diffusion layer, wherein the gas The guide flow path is attached to a surface of a corresponding separator facing a corresponding gas diffusion layer and / or a surface of a corresponding gas diffusion layer facing a corresponding separator.
- the fuel cell further includes a first A cooling medium flow path between the partition and the partition, and the cooling medium flow path is attached to a surface of the first partition facing the corresponding second partition and / or the second partition faces the corresponding first
- the surface of the separator is made of the gas Guide passage and the cooling medium flow passage of the fuel cell fluid guide passage is formed.
- the cooling medium flow path is attached to an outer surface of the first partition and / or the second partition, and an inner side of the first partition and / or the second partition
- the gas guide flow path is attached on the surface.
- the cooling medium flow path is attached to an outer surface of the first partition and / or the second partition, and an inner side of the first partition and / or the second partition
- the gas guide flow path is not attached on the surface.
- the cooling medium flow path is attached to an outer surface of the first partition and / or the second partition, and an inner side of the first partition and / or the second partition
- the gas guide flow path is attached to the surface of the surface facing the corresponding gas diffusion layer.
- the fluid guiding flow path is formed on the surface of the corresponding separator and / or the surface of the gas diffusion layer by coating, printing, dispensing, spraying or transferring.
- the surface of the partition plate and / or the gas diffusion layer for attaching the fluid guide flow path is smooth.
- the fluid guide flow path is formed separately from the separator and the gas diffusion layer.
- a material of the fluid guiding flow path is different from the separator and / or the gas diffusion layer.
- a material of the fluid guiding flow path is a highly conductive material.
- the gas guide flow path includes a rib portion and a channel portion for controlling a reaction fluid flow and fluid permeability.
- the ribs of the gas guide flow path have a dense structure that prevents the reaction fluid from permeating between adjacent channels and penetrates to the corresponding gas diffusion layer via the ribs, or has a reaction structure that allows the reaction fluid to pass through the phase.
- the gas guiding flow path further includes a bottom portion carrying the rib, the bottom portion having a dense structure preventing a reaction fluid from penetrating to a corresponding gas diffusion layer via the base portion, or having a reaction structure allowing the reaction fluid to pass through The base penetrates into the porous structure of the corresponding gas diffusion layer.
- the rib portion of the gas guide flow path is formed on a surface of one of the opposed partition plate and the gas diffusion layer, and a part of the upper surface of the rib portion is opposite to the partition plate and the gas.
- the surface of the other of the diffusion layers is in contact with each other, and the upper surface of the rib portion of the other portion is spaced from the surface of the opposite one of the separator and the other of the gas diffusion layer.
- the rib portion of the gas guide flow path is formed on a surface of one of the opposed partition plate and the gas diffusion layer, and the upper surface of the rib portion is opposite to the partition plate of the opposite surface.
- the cooling medium flow path is formed in contact with the surface of the other of the gas diffusion layer on the surface of one of the first partition and the second partition, and the upper surface of the rib is opposite to the surface of the opposite surface. The surface of the other of the partitions is in contact.
- the ribs of the gas guide flow path are formed on the surfaces of the opposite partition and the gas diffusion layer, and the tops of the corresponding ribs on the opposite partition and the gas diffusion layer are in contact with each other.
- the cooling medium flow path is formed on the surfaces of the opposing first and second partitions, and the top surfaces of the corresponding ribs on the opposing first and second partitions abut.
- the ribs of the gas guide flow path are formed on the surfaces of the opposing separator and the gas diffusion layer, and the ribs on the separator are in contact with the surface of the gas diffusion layer, and the ribs on the gas diffusion layer In contact with the surface of the partition, the cooling medium flow path is formed on the surfaces of the opposing first and second partitions, and the ribs on the first partition are in contact with the surface of the second partition, the second The rib on the partition plate is in contact with the surface of the first partition plate.
- a size at the abutting interface is smaller than a size at a contact surface between the rib and the separator or the gas diffusion layer.
- a dimension at the abutting interface is larger than a dimension at a contact surface between the rib and the separator or the gas diffusion layer.
- the material of the ribs enters an interface of the gas diffusion layer.
- the ribs and the base of the gas guide flow path are formed in a manner of being fully attached.
- a part or all of the top surface of the rib portion of the fluid guide flow path and the bottom surface of the channel portion are subjected to hydrophilic treatment.
- the present invention also provides a method for manufacturing a fuel cell unit, comprising the steps of: providing a membrane electrode assembly including a catalyst coating film and a first side and a first side of the catalyst coating film, respectively.
- a first gas diffusion layer and a second gas diffusion layer on both sides providing a first partition and a second partition; and adhering to a cooling medium flow on a surface outside the first partition and / or the second partition
- the first gas diffusion layer and / or the second gas diffusion A gas guiding flow path rib is attached to the outer surface of the layer, and / or a gas guiding flow path rib is attached to the inner surface of the first partition and / or the second partition, and the first partition and
- the outer surface of the first gas diffusion layer is pressed together, and a gas guide flow path formed by pressing the second separator and the outer surface of the second gas
- the cooling medium flow path and the gas guide flow path are formed on the surface of the corresponding separator and / or the surface of the gas diffusion layer by coating, printing, spraying, or transferring.
- a surface of a partition plate and / or a gas diffusion layer for adhering the cooling medium flow path and the gas guide flow path is smooth.
- materials of the cooling medium flow path and the gas guide flow path are different from those of the partition plate and / or the gas diffusion layer.
- a material of the cooling medium flow path and the gas guide flow path is a highly conductive material.
- the cooling medium flow path and the gas guide flow path include a rib portion and a channel portion for controlling a reaction fluid flow and fluid penetration.
- the gas guide flow path further includes a bottom portion carrying the rib portion.
- the ribs and the bottom of the gas guide flow path are formed in a comprehensive coating manner.
- the method further includes performing a hydrophilic treatment on part or all of a top surface of the gas guide flow path rib portion and a bottom surface of the channel portion.
- FIG. 1 is an external view showing a configuration of a fuel cell stack according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view partially showing an example of a three-dimensional structure of a fluid guide flow path in an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 3D and 3E show a fuel cell unit according to Embodiment 4
- FIG. 3F shows a fuel cell unit according to Embodiment 5.
- FIG. 4A-4C are perspective views of the shapes of three fluid guide channels (cooling medium channels or gas guide channels) provided on the surfaces of the substrates 4, 5, 6, and 7 in an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 4A 4B shows the shape of the fluid guide flow path with a rectangular cross section
- FIG. 4B shows the shape of the fluid guide flow path with a trapezoidal cross section
- FIG. 4C shows the cross section of the rib 11 with a trapezoidal arc Fluid guide flow path shape.
- FIGS. 5A to 5C show the gas guide channel ribs 11 obtained by adhering to the surfaces of the separators 6 and 7 facing the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5 in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention to communicate with the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5.
- Gas guide flow path structure formed by butting in contact with each other, and cooling medium flow path ribs 11 attached to the surfaces of one side of the anode-side separator 6 and / or the cathode-side separator 7 so as to be adjacent to the adjacent cathode side
- FIG. 5A shows a cross-sectional view of a rectangular fluid guide flow path with a cross section of the rib 11
- FIG. 5B shows the rib 11
- FIG. 5C shows a cross-sectional view of a trapezoidal and rectangular fluid-guided flow path
- FIG. 5C shows a cross-sectional view of the rib 11 as a trapezoidal and rectangular fluid-guided flow path with an arc
- FIG. 5D shows a cooling medium flow of the present invention.
- FIG. 6A to 6D show the fluid guide channel ribs 11 attached to the surfaces of the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5 facing the partition plates 6 and 7 in contact with the partition plates 6 and 7 in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- the gas guide flow path structure formed by butt joints, and the cooling medium flow path ribs 11 attached to the surface of one side of the anode-side separator 6 and / or the cathode-side separator 7 respectively, are adjacent to the adjacent cathode-side separator 7 and The structure of the cooling medium flow path formed by pasting the anode-side separator 6 in contact with each other.
- FIG. 6A shows a cross-sectional view of a rectangular fluid guide flow path with a cross section of the rib 11, and FIG.
- FIG. 6 (B shows a cross section of the rib 11 A cross-sectional view of a trapezoidal and rectangular fluid-guiding flow path.
- FIG. 6C shows a cross-section of the rib 11 as an inverted trapezoidal and rectangular fluid-guiding flow path with an arc.
- FIG. 6D shows a cross-section of the rib 11 as an inverted trapezoid. And rectangular cross-sectional view of a fluid-guided flow path.
- FIGS. 7A-7C show a gas guide flow path on the surfaces of the separators 6 and 7 facing the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5 in Embodiment 3 of the present invention, and the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5 facing the separators 6 and 7 are shown in FIGS.
- a gas guide flow path is attached to the surface of the surface, a gas guide flow path structure formed by abutting each other, and a cooling medium flow path rib 11 attached to the surface of one side of the anode-side separator 6 and / or the cathode-side separator 7 respectively.
- FIG. 7A shows a cross-sectional view of a fluid guide flow path in which the cross section of the rib 11 is rectangular.
- FIG. 7B illustrates a cross-sectional view of the rib 11 with a trapezoidal and rectangular cross section of the fluid-guiding flow path
- FIG. 7C illustrates a cross-section of the rib 11 with a trapezoidal and rectangular fluid-guiding path with a circular arc.
- FIG. 8A and 8B are enlarged views showing a state in which the gas guide channel ribs 11 formed between the separators 6 and 7 and the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5 are sandwiched in one embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 8A shows The stress distribution of the trapezoidal gas-guiding flow path rib 11 of the first embodiment when it comes into contact with the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5 is shown in FIG. 8B.
- the trapezoidal gas-guiding flow path rib 11 of the second embodiment and the partition plates 6, 7 are shown in FIG. 8B. Stress distribution on the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5 sides during contact.
- FIG. 9A and 9B show Modification Example 1 of the fluid guide flow path of the present invention
- FIG. 9A shows an example in which numerous holes are provided for the gas guide flow path rib 11 and the cooling medium flow path rib 11 of Embodiment 3.
- FIG. 9B shows an example in which numerous holes are provided in the gas guide channel rib portion 11 and the cooling medium channel rib portion 11 in the first and second embodiments.
- 10A to 10D are diagrams for illustrating a sequence of a head pressure method, a head impact method, and a bite method of a fluid guide flow path in one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11A-11C are diagrams for explaining the difference in channel width Cw due to the arrangement of the fluid guide flow path ribs 11 in one embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 11A is a partial view showing the fluid guide flow path of the first embodiment
- FIG. 11B is a view partially showing a fluid guide flow path rib 11 of the second embodiment
- FIG. 11C is a view partially showing a fluid guide flow path rib 11 of the third embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is an example of the cross-sectional shape of the fluid-guiding flow-path rib 11 applied to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the column A represents the cross-sectional shape of the fluid-guiding flow-path rib 11 that is bilaterally symmetrical, and the row B represents the left-right asymmetrical
- the cross-sectional shape of the fluid-guiding flow-path rib 11 is a shape in which either the angle ⁇ or ⁇ is a right angle
- the column C represents the cross-sectional shape of the left-right asymmetrical fluid-guiding flow path rib 11.
- FIGS. 13A-13F are fluid guide channels formed by combining a plurality of cross-sectional shapes of the rib channel 11 shown in FIG. 12 based on Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- An example of the fluid guide flow path rib 11, FIG. 13B is an example of the left and right asymmetric fluid guide flow path rib 11 being attached without difference, and FIG. 13C is an example of the left and right symmetrical flow guide flow path ribs and left and right asymmetrical attachment.
- An example of the fluid guide flow path rib 11 and FIG. 13D is a left-right symmetrical fluid guide flow path with different sizes attached to the first base material (gas diffusion layers 4, 5) and the second base material (baffles 6, 7), respectively.
- FIG. 13E is an example in which the left-right symmetrical trapezoidal fluid guide flow path ribs 11 are superimposed on each other
- FIG. 13F is a left-right symmetrical trapezoidal fluid guide flow path rib 11
- one side of the second substrate (partitions 6, 7) is provided with a cover layer in advance.
- FIG. 14 is an example of a fluid guide flow path structure formed by a bite system in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 15A is a fluid guide flow path structure having a volcanic rib cross-sectional shape formed by a head pressure method according to Embodiment 1; 15B is a fluid guide flow path structure having a cross-sectional shape of a tower-shaped rib portion which is formed by a head strike method according to the third embodiment.
- 16A-16B illustrate two examples of changes in the structure of a fluid guide flow path formed based on the first embodiment.
- FIG. 1 shows the appearance of a fuel cell.
- both ends of the fuel cell stack structure 9 obtained by stacking a plurality of fuel cell units 8 are fastened by end plates 101 and 102 functioning as pressing plates.
- the fuel cell is configured by stacking a plurality of fuel cell units 8, and attaching a current collecting plate for taking out a current generated by the fuel cell unit 8 at both ends of the stacked body, and performing a process with the fuel cell unit 8.
- Insulating insulating plates, end plates 101, 102, and the like are fastened by connecting rods.
- the fuel cell works as follows.
- the fuel fluid is supplied to an anode (called a fuel electrode), and with the help of a catalyst, electrons are separated from the supplied fuel fluid and moved to an external circuit.
- hydrogen changes into hydrogen ions (called protons).
- oxygen is supplied to a cathode (referred to as an air electrode). Oxygen reacts with protons passing through the electrolyte membrane and electrons flowing in from an external circuit to generate water.
- the fuel fluid is typically a gas, such as hydrogen.
- the fuel cell of the present invention is a solid polymer fuel cell in which a solid polymer electrolyte is used as the electrolyte membrane 1, and an anode-side catalyst layer 2 (referred to as a first catalyst layer) and The cathode-side catalyst layer 3 (referred to as a second catalyst layer) constitutes a catalyst coating film (CCM).
- An anode-side separator 6 (referred to as a first separator) is added to the anode-side catalyst layer 2 through an anode-side gas diffusion layer 4 (referred to as a first gas diffusion layer).
- a fuel cell unit 8 is formed by adding a cathode-side separator 7 (referred to as a second separator) with a cathode-side gas diffusion layer 5 (referred to as a second gas diffusion layer), and a plurality of the fuel cells are stacked. Cell 8 to obtain a polymer electrolyte fuel cell.
- a cathode-side separator 7 referred to as a second separator
- a cathode-side gas diffusion layer 5 referred to as a second gas diffusion layer
- the constituent members of the fuel cell unit 8 according to one embodiment of the present invention and elements related to them can be formed using a known substrate.
- the constituent members of the fuel cell unit 8 and the elements associated with them can be manufactured using conventional techniques.
- each constituent member will be briefly described.
- the electrolyte membrane 1 as the electrification unit generally any one of a fluorine-based polymer electrolyte membrane and a hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte membrane can be preferably used.
- the main functions required of the electrolyte membrane 1 include good proton conductivity, impermeability of reaction gas, electronic insulation, and high physical and chemical durability.
- the electrolyte membrane used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is formed of a material that is excellent in ion (proton) permeability and does not flow a current.
- anode-side catalyst layer 2 and the cathode-side catalyst layer 3 disposed on both sides of the electrolyte membrane 1 a fuel cell reaction between the anode and the cathode occurs.
- a reaction hydrogenation reaction
- the cathode-side catalyst layer 3 promotes a reaction (oxygen reduction reaction) for generating water from protons, electrons, and oxygen.
- the catalyst electrode used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and conventional materials conventionally used can be used.
- the anode-side gas diffusion layer 4 is located between the CCM plate (not shown) and the anode-side separator 6, and the cathode-side gas diffusion layer 5 is located between the CCM plate and the cathode-side separator 7.
- the CCM plate is a general term for a CCM support film that holds an electrolyte membrane 1, an anode-side catalyst layer 2, and a cathode-side catalyst layer 3.
- the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5 are layers having a function of efficiently guiding the fuel gas and the oxidizing gas required for the chemical reaction along the vertical direction of the surface of the electrolyte membrane 1.
- the anode-side gas diffusion layer 4 is provided with a fluid-guided flow path capable of diffusing fuel gas
- the cathode-side gas diffusion layer 5 is provided with a fluid-guided flow path capable of diffusing oxidizing gas.
- the gas diffusion layer of a finished product used in a conventional fuel cell There is no particular limitation as long as it has gas permeability and can collect generated electricity, and it is possible to use a gas diffusion layer of a finished product used in a conventional fuel cell.
- the separator is a thin metal plate that divides the fuel cell 8 as a power generator, and an electrolyte membrane 1 required for power generation is stored between the pair of separators 6 and 7.
- the anode catalyst layer 2 and the cathode catalyst layer 3 An anode-side gas diffusion layer 4 and a cathode-side gas diffusion layer 5.
- the separator also functions to collect electricity for power generation.
- the separators 6 and 7 are formed of a metal thin plate having gas-barrier property, chemical stability, and electronic conductivity.
- a metal thin plate having gas-barrier property, chemical stability, and electronic conductivity.
- various metal sheets, metal foils, and metal films such as aluminum, copper, and stainless steel can be used.
- These metal thin plates, metal foils, and metal thin films are preferably formed of a conductive material having corrosion resistance and mechanical strength.
- the metal thin plate, metal foil, and metal thin film are members that have been subjected to surface coating, coating, and surface physicochemical treatment to have higher corrosion resistance, mechanical strength, and electrical conductivity.
- the fluid guide flow path includes a gas guide flow path and a cooling medium flow path.
- gas guiding flow paths There are two types of gas guiding flow paths: a fuel gas induction flow path (anode) and an oxidizing gas induction flow path (cathode).
- the flow path for supplying fluid to the fuel cell is constituted by groove-shaped convex portions and concave portions.
- the convex portion is called a rib portion, and the gas diffusion layer and the separator are contacted via a membrane electrode assembly (MEA), and function as a current collecting and conducting portion.
- MEA membrane electrode assembly
- the recessed portion is called a channel portion, and is a passage for supplying a fluid (fuel gas, oxidizing gas, cooling medium) and a discharge passage for water and the like to the fuel cell from the outside.
- the fluid guide flow path may form a fuel gas guide flow path on one main surface of the anode-side separator, and a cooling medium flow path on the other main surface (reverse surface).
- An oxidation gas guide flow path may be formed on one main surface of the cathode-side separator, and a cooling medium flow path may be formed on the other main surface (reverse surface).
- the fuel gas guide flow path on the anode side through which hydrogen flows and the oxidation gas guide flow path on the cathode side through which air flows are not specifically distinguished and described.
- the fluid guide flow path of the present invention includes two types of a gas guide flow path and a cooling medium flow path.
- the gas guide flow path has two types of gas guide flow paths: a fuel gas induction flow path (anode) and an oxidizing gas induction flow path (cathode).
- the structure can be applied to both the anode side flow path and the cathode side flow path.
- the "reaction gas” mentioned in this specification includes a fuel gas, an oxidizing gas, and water vapor.
- the “gas guide flow path” includes a gas guide flow path on the anode side and a gas guide flow path on the cathode side.
- the “base material” refers to a substrate on which the fluid guide flow path ribs 11 are formed.
- the “first substrate” refers to the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5, and the “second substrate” refers to the separators 6 and 7.
- a "head pressing method” is adopted in the first and second embodiments
- biting method is adopted in the third embodiment.
- Embodiments 4 and 5 and other modification examples 1 can be applied to all three modes. These methods are suitable for forming a gas guide flow path and a cooling medium flow path.
- the separators 6 and 7 and / or the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5 are used as a base material, and the gas guide flow path ribs 11 and the cooling medium flow path ribs attached to the surfaces thereof are shown by thin horizontal lines. 11 interface.
- the gas guide flow path rib 11 and the cooling medium flow path rib 11 are indicated by hatching.
- the gas flow path ribs 11 and the cooling medium flow path ribs 11 are indicated by hatching.
- the sealing material 20 is indicated by a single black color.
- FIGS. 2 to 5D, 10A to 10D, 12, 13A to 13F, 16A, and 16B The present invention is not limited to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 shows the size marks constituting the fluid guide flow path.
- the following symbols are assigned: “h” is the rib height, “Rw1” is the rib width on the substrate side, “Rw2” is the rib width, “Cw” is the channel width, and “ ⁇ ” And “ ⁇ ” is the angle formed by the rib interface (the interface refers to the boundary surface between the rib and the substrate) and the side of the rib, and “S” is the flow path pitch.
- the main flow of the reaction gas passes through a channel portion that extends along the central axis of the recessed portion (indicated by a one-dot chain line in FIG. 2).
- the manufacturing method of the fluid guide flow path in the present invention is not particularly limited, and for example, a substrate (a separator and / or a gas diffusion layer) having a desired thickness is prepared. These substrates themselves are not provided with a fluid guide flow path pattern. Therefore, the surface of these substrates has a smooth shape, and a flat metal sheet or other conductive sheet with less deformation can be selected. On the surface of such a thin plate, as shown in FIG. 5D, a very thin carbon cover film is formed by a vapor deposition coating method or other coating methods.
- a two-dimensional method in which a dense and / or porous highly conductive carbon-based coating material is adhered to the surface of a substrate is preferably used.
- This two-dimensional method is an all-in-one attachment method or multiple partial attachment method for designing a flow path, and includes printing, injection, coating, dispensing, and transfering. .
- the printing method may be screen printing.
- a step of performing a hydrophilic treatment on the entire channel bottom surface and the rib side surface of the fluid guide flow path is performed.
- a fluorine-based polymer material is preferably used because it is excellent in hydrophilicity, corrosion resistance during electrode reaction, and the like, but it is not limited thereto.
- the gas guide flow path rib 11 is trapezoidal, and the cooling medium flow path rib 11 is represented by a rectangle, but the shape of the rib is not limited to this.
- FIGS. 10A to 10D are diagrams illustrating a basic sequence of formation of a fluid guide flow path of Embodiment 1.
- FIG. FIG. 3A shows not only the explanatory diagram based on FIG. 10A, but also guides the upper surface of the flow path rib 11 to the upper surface of the flow path rib 11 by adhering the gas attached to the surfaces of the partition plates 6 and 7 facing the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5 to the gas diffusion layer 4.
- 5D is a schematic view of the gas guide flow path according to the first embodiment of the present invention formed by butting (clamping) in a contact manner; at the same time, according to the explanatory diagram of FIG. 10D, the surfaces of the separators 6, 7 opposite to each other are respectively attached and cooled.
- a schematic view of the cooling medium flow path of the third embodiment in which the medium flow paths are formed by alternately sandwiching the ribs with each other.
- the gas guide flow path according to the first embodiment is attached to the surfaces of the separators 6 and 7 and is not attached to the surfaces of the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5, and the cooling medium flow path is attached to the surfaces of the separators 6 and 7. It is formed by abutting (clamping) with the adjacent partition plates 7, 6 in contact with each other.
- the method of forming the fluid guide flow path in FIG. 10A is also referred to as a “head pressure method” because the heads of the so-called ribs are pressed against the facing surface material (the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5 in this example).
- the fluid guide flow path formation method of FIG. 10D is also referred to as a "biting method" because the heads of the ribs are staggered with each other.
- the cooling medium flow path is obtained by adhering the ribs 11 to the other surface of the anode separator 6 and / or the cathode-side separator 7 and then bonding the edges of the adjacent separators so that The ribs 11 are formed in contact (clamped) with the surfaces of the adjacent cathode-side separator 7 or anode separator 6.
- the cooling medium flow path shown in FIG. 3A uses the occlusion method, but any method (head strike method, head pressure method, occlusion method) may be used.
- FIG. 4A is a rectangular fluid guide flow path structure in cross section of the rib portion 11.
- FIG. 4B is a fluid guide flow path structure in which the cross section of the rib 11 is trapezoidal.
- FIG. 4C is a fluid guide flow path structure in which the cross section of the rib 11 is a trapezoid with an arc.
- the shapes of the three fluid guide flow path ribs described in this specification are typical examples, and the present invention is not limited to Embodiment 1, and various modifications and applications can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention.
- FIGS. 5A to 5D are cross-sectional views of a fluid guide flow path structure according to the first embodiment to which a typical example of the fluid guide flow path ribs 11 in FIGS. 4A, B, and C is applied.
- Each of the cross-sectional views of FIGS. 5A-5D is a cross-sectional view obtained by perpendicularly crossing the direction in which the rib and the channel extend.
- the “rib cross-sectional shape” or “rib shape” described in this specification is viewed from this cross-section.
- the direction of the cross-sectional shape of the rib is such that the side that is in contact with the substrate is set to the lower side (indicated by a dotted line in the figure).
- the cross section of the rib portion 11 is rectangular.
- the cross section of the rib 11 is trapezoidal and rectangular.
- the cross section of the rib 11 is trapezoidal and rectangular with an arc.
- 5D is a cross-sectional view of a fluid-guided flow path composed of a cooling medium flow path and a gas-guided flow path.
- the cross-sectional shape of the fluid guide flow path rib 11 of the first embodiment is not limited to the shape shown in FIGS. 5A, B, and C, as a matter of course.
- the shape of the channel is designed in advance.
- the surface of the material (baffle, gas diffusion layer) is formed by mounting a fluid guide flow path. Therefore, the design of the fluid guide flow path is studied based on the cross-sectional shape of the ribs. Therefore, in the present specification, the structure of the fluid guide flow path will be described by examining the cross-sectional shape of the rib portion while considering the shape of the channel.
- Fluid-guided flow path structure since the angles ⁇ and ⁇ formed by the rib interface and the side surface of the rib are both 90 degrees, the cross-sectional shape of the rib is formed to be bilaterally symmetrical. Among them, the gas guide flow path can be understood by observing the upper right figure of FIG. 5 (A).
- FIG. 5B shows a cross-sectional shape formed by increasing the size of the rib width Rw1 on the base material (in this example, the separator) side and reducing the size of the rib width Rw2 (Rw1> Rw2).
- the example shown in FIG. 5C also has a dimension value (Rw1> Rw2) by increasing the rib width Rw1 on the base material (in this case, the spacer) side and reducing the rib width Rw2 (Rw1> Rw2).
- the side is provided with a circular arc
- the cross-sectional shape is a fluid guide flow path structure of a trapezoidal rib 11 with a circular arc.
- the cross-sectional shapes of the ribs illustrated in FIGS. 5B and 5C are bilaterally symmetrical, and the angles ⁇ and ⁇ formed by the rib interface and the side surfaces of the ribs illustrated in FIGS. 5B and 5C are 90 degrees or less.
- the rib portion 11 of the cooling medium flow path is a rib portion 11 having a rectangular cross-sectional shape.
- the following features can be cited: by appropriately combining the rib width Rw1 on the substrate side and the rib top width Rw2, the channel width Cw, the rib height h, and the angle ⁇ It is possible to arbitrarily form the fluid guide channel rib portion 11 with dimensions such as ⁇ and the channel distance S. That is, the shape of the fluid guide flow path rib 11 in the present invention is not limited to the structure described in this specification, and various combinations of the cross-sectional shape of the fluid guide flow path rib portion in consideration of the characteristics peculiar to the material of the rib, and The most suitable structure that matches the purpose of the present invention.
- each inverted rib shape inverted rib shapes
- a left-right symmetric rectangle, a left-right asymmetric rectangle and its inverted type there are a left-right symmetric trapezoid and its inverted type, a left-right asymmetric trapezoid and its inverted type, and a left-right symmetrical circle and its Inverted type
- left-right asymmetric non-circular (slanted circle) and its inverse type left-right symmetric rectangular with arc and its inverse type
- left-right asymmetric rectangular with arc and its inverse Type left-right symmetrical trapezoid with circular arc and its reverse type
- left-right asymmetric trapezoid with circular arc and its reverse type left-right asymmetric trapezoid with circular arc and its reverse type.
- the dimension values of the channel width Cw, the rib height h, and the flow path pitch S can be set independently because they are elements that do not affect the symmetry of the cross-sectional shape of the rib. Therefore, in particular, they may not be constant and constant values, and may be set to irregular values, respectively.
- the channel width Cw, the channel pitch S, and the like to have deviation values, it is possible to form channels without equal intervals (for example, two channel widths Cw are prepared, and an attempt is made to alternately set them separately. Fixed etc.).
- various combinations of cross-sectional shapes of the ribs that are conceivable within the possible range can be found in the fluid guide flow path according to the first embodiment. Fluid-guided flow path structure.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the cross-sectional shape of the left and right asymmetric ribs shown in columns B and C of FIG. 12 may be applied.
- a reverse type in which the cross-sectional shape of the rib portion which is symmetrical to the left and right and left to right is asymmetric can also be applied.
- a rounded shape in which corners of the cross-sectional shapes of the ribs are rounded can be applied, and a combination of these can also be applied.
- FIG. 8A is a diagram obtained by enlarging a part of FIG. 5B.
- the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5 are brought into contact with the gas guide flow path ribs 11 attached to the partition plates 6 and 7 (head pressure method)
- the corners of the ribs shown in the upper right figure shown in FIG. 8A are further enlarged as shown in FIG. 8A.
- stress is concentrated on the corners of the upper surface of the ribs.
- the stress can be dispersed by increasing the radius of curvature of the angle at which the corners of the ribs contact the gas diffusion layers 4, 5.
- each arrow drawn in the enlarged cross-sectional view of FIG. 8A indicates the direction of the lateral flow reflecting the stress.
- the width Rw2 of the ribs in contact with the gas diffusion layers 4, 5 is smaller than the width Rw1 of the ribs on the partition side. Crossflow becomes easier, and the flow of the reaction gas becomes better.
- the fluid-guided flow path is attached to the partition plates 6 and 7 with the relationship of the ribs Rw1> Rw2. It is considered that the cross-flow of the reactive gas that has penetrated into the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5 is easily formed. That is, since the cross-sectional shape of the rib portion where the reactive gas easily diffuses, a fluid-guided flow path structure with good gas permeability can be realized.
- the example shown in FIG. 5C also shows that the gas guide flow path is attached to the partition plates 6 and 7 with the relationship of the ribs Rw1> Rw2, and has good permeability to the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5.
- the pressure and flow rate of the reaction gas can be adjusted by changing the width of the ribs. Therefore, not only by adjusting the dimensional values and angles ⁇ , ⁇ of the rib widths Rw1, Rw2, but also by changing the width of the waist portion of the ribs by adding arcs on both sides of the ribs, to improve gas permeability and adjust the reaction gas pressure And traffic.
- the ribs 11 constituting the fluid guide flow paths adhered to the partition plates 6 and 7 may be adhered using the same dense highly conductive carbon-based coating material, or different materials may be used.
- the fluid guide flow path, the partition plates 6, 7 attached to the fluid guide flow path, and the gas diffusion layers 4, 5 not attached to the fluid guide flow path are independent of each other. For integration.
- the pattern of the fluid guide flow path is not particularly limited, and may be formed in the same manner as the pattern of the fluid guide flow path formed in the conventional separator.
- a straight type, a snake type, a comb type, etc. are mentioned.
- FIG. 16A and 16B show an example of a change in the structure of a fluid guide flow path formed based on the first embodiment.
- the example shown in FIG. 16A is a cross-sectional view in which two shapes including a rectangular shape and a semi-circular shape which are symmetrical to the left and right are alternately formed including a rib portion attached to a separator serving as a second base material.
- the example shown in FIG. 16B is a cross-sectional view in which two shapes including a trapezoidal shape and a semicircular shape which are left-right symmetrical in cross section are formed alternately including the ribs attached to the separator as the second base material.
- the characteristics of the ribs are not limited to one type.
- a part of the upper surface of the ribs 11 (rectangular or trapezoidal) on the partition plates 6, 7 is in contact with the gas diffusion layer 4, 5 or the partition plates 6, 7 and another part of the rib portions 11 (half The upper surface of the circle is spaced from the gas diffusion layers 4, 5 or the spacers 6, 7. It can be understood that the structure in which the ribs 11 are provided on the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5 is similar.
- the configuration of the fluid guide flow path according to the first embodiment of the present invention is merely an example, and is not limited to the content described in this specification.
- FIGS. 2 to 4C, 6A-6D, and 10A-10D a fuel cell having a fluid guide flow path according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described using FIGS. 2 to 4C, 6A-6D, and 10A-10D.
- the present invention is not limited to the second embodiment.
- a fluid guide channel is formed only on the surfaces of the separators 6 and 7 as the second base material.
- a gas guide flow path is not attached to the surfaces of the separators 6, 7 and the gas The gas guiding flow paths are attached to the surfaces of the diffusion layers 4 and 5 to implement this content.
- FIGS. 5A-5D The main difference is that other structures, methods, and principles are basically the same as those of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 5A-5D. It should be noted that the same reference numerals are given to the same portions as those in FIG. 5 described in the first embodiment of the present invention, and a part of the description is omitted.
- FIGS. 10A to 10D are diagrams illustrating a basic sequence of formation of a fluid guide flow path of Embodiment 2.
- FIG. 3B shows not only the explanatory diagram according to FIG. 10B, but also guides the upper surface of the flow path rib 11 to the upper surface of the flow path rib 11 by adhering the gas adhered to the surfaces of the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5 facing the separators 6 and 7 to communicate with the separators 6 and 7.
- 7 is a schematic view of a gas guiding flow path according to the second embodiment of the present invention formed by butting (clamping) in a contact manner; at the same time, according to the explanatory diagram of FIG. 10D, cooling media are respectively attached to the surfaces of the partition plates 6, 7 facing each other.
- the flow path is a schematic view of the cooling medium flow path of the third embodiment, which is formed by alternately sandwiching the ribs with each other.
- the gas guide flow path according to the second embodiment is attached to the surfaces of the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5 and is not attached to the surfaces of the partition plates 6 and 7.
- the cooling medium flow path is attached to the surfaces of the partition plates 6 and 7. It is formed by abutting (clamping) with the adjacent partitions 7, 6 in contact with each other.
- the fluid guide flow path formation method of FIG. 10B is because the head of the so-called rib is directed to the facing surface material (in this example, The partition plates 6 and 7 are pressed, so this is also called a “head pressure method.”
- the fluid guide flow path formation method of FIG. 10D is also called a “biting method because the heads of the ribs are staggered with each other. ".
- the cooling medium flow path is obtained by adhering the ribs 11 to the other surface of the anode separator 6 and / or the cathode-side separator 7 and then bonding the edges of adjacent separators so that The ribs 11 are formed in contact (clamped) with the surfaces of the adjacent cathode-side separator 7 or anode separator 6.
- the cooling medium flow path shown in FIG. 3A uses the occlusion method, but any method (head strike method, head pressure method, occlusion method) may be used.
- FIGS. 6A to 6D are cross-sectional views of the fluid guide flow path structure of the second embodiment to which a typical example of the fluid guide flow path ribs 11 in Figs. 4A, B, and C is applied.
- Each of the cross-sectional views of FIGS. 6A-6D is a cross-sectional view obtained by perpendicularly crossing the direction in which the rib and the channel extend.
- the “rib cross-sectional shape” or “rib shape” described in this specification is viewed from this cross-section.
- the direction of the cross-sectional shape of the rib is such that the side that is in contact with the substrate is set to the lower side (indicated by a dotted line in the figure).
- the cross section of the rib portion 11 is rectangular.
- the cross section of the rib 11 is rectangular and trapezoidal.
- the cross section of the rib 11 is rectangular and trapezoidal with a circular arc.
- the cross-sectional shape of the fluid-guiding flow-path rib 11 of the second embodiment is not limited to the shapes shown in FIGS. 6A, B, and C.
- the ribs 11 of the cooling medium flow path and the ribs 11 of the gas guide flow path shown in the example of FIG. 6A are both rectangular.
- the angles ⁇ and ⁇ formed by the rib interface and the side of the rib are both 90 degrees, and the cross-sectional shape of the rib is formed to be bilaterally symmetrical. Observing the diagram located on the upper right of FIG.
- the ribs 11 of the cooling medium flow path shown in the example of FIG. 6B are rectangular, and the ribs 11 of the gas guide flow path are trapezoidal.
- the gas guide flow path has a gas guide flow path having a trapezoidal cross section 11 formed by increasing the rib width Rw1 on the base material (gas diffusion layer) side and reducing the rib width Rw2 (Rw1> Rw2). structure.
- the ribs 11 of the cooling medium flow path shown in the example of FIG. 6C are rectangular, and the ribs 11 of the gas guide flow path are circular trapezoidal.
- the gas guide flow path is also formed by increasing the rib width Rw1 on the base material (gas diffusion layer) side, reducing the rib width Rw2 (Rw1> Rw2), and forming arcs on both sides of the rib.
- the cross-sectional shape is a fluid guide flow path structure of a trapezoidal rib 11 with an arc shape.
- the rib 11 of the medium flow path shown in the example of FIG. 6D is rectangular, and the rib 11 of the gas guide flow path is an inverted trapezoid.
- the gas-guiding flow path has a gas-guiding flow having a rib 11 with an inverted trapezoidal cross-section formed by reducing the rib width Rw1 on the base material (gas diffusion layer) side and increasing the rib width Rw2 (Rw1 ⁇ Rw2). Road structure.
- the cross-sectional shapes of the ribs of the gas-guiding flow paths illustrated in FIGS. 6B, 6C, and 6D are left-right symmetrical, and the angles ⁇ and ⁇ formed by the rib interface of the gas-guiding flow paths illustrated in FIG. 6B and FIG. Below the degree, the angles ⁇ and ⁇ formed by the interface between the rib portion of the gas guide flow path and the side surface of the rib in the example of FIG. 6D) are 90 degrees or more.
- the rib width Rw1 on the substrate side is excessively increased, the contact surfaces of the gas diffusion layers 4, 5 and the fluid-guided flow path are reduced, and the reaction gas is blocked.
- the gas diffusion flow path 4 can be enlarged by trying to make the angles ⁇ and ⁇ close to a right angle (increasing the angles ⁇ and ⁇ ) and narrowing the rib width Rw2 on the substrate side.
- the contact surface between the 5 and the fluid guide flow path improves the gas permeability.
- the example shown in FIG. 6D can also further increase the angles ⁇ and ⁇ formed by the rib interface and the side of the rib to 90 degrees or more.
- the cross section of the ribs is inverted trapezoidal to reduce the width Rw1 of the ribs and improve the gas permeability.
- the two sides of the ribs shown in the example of FIG. 6C are arc-shaped, and the reaction gas pressure can be adjusted by changing the width of the ribs Therefore, not only by adjusting the dimensional values and angles ⁇ , ⁇ of the rib widths Rw1, Rw2, but also by changing the width of the rib waist portion by adding arcs on both sides of the ribs, to improve gas permeability and adjustment Reacting gas pressure and flow.
- the shape of the fluid guide flow path ribs which is a main feature of an embodiment of the present invention, is not limited to the structure described in this specification, and is based on a combination of cross-sectional shapes of the fluid guide flow path ribs in consideration of the characteristics unique to the material. It is preferable to apply the most appropriate structure matching the purpose of the present invention. For details, refer to the description of the first embodiment described above. In addition to the above-mentioned rib cross-sectional shape, a combination of a plurality of rib cross-sectional shapes conceivable within a range that can be conceived can be used to create various aspects of the fluid guide flow path according to the second embodiment. Fluid-guided flow path structure.
- FIG. 12A Although the cross-sectional shape of the left-right symmetric ribs shown in FIG. 12A is described with reference to FIGS. 6A to 6D according to the fluid-guiding flow-path ribs according to the second embodiment, the present invention is not limited to this, and the drawings may be applied.
- a reverse type in which the cross-sectional shape of the rib portion which is symmetrical to the left and right and left to right is asymmetric can also be applied.
- a rounded shape in which corners of the cross-sectional shapes of the ribs are rounded can be applied, and a combination of these can also be applied.
- FIG. 8B is a diagram obtained by enlarging a part of FIG. 6B. If the separators 6 and 7 are brought into abutment with the upper surfaces of the gas guide flow path ribs 11 supported by the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5 (head pressure method), the ribs shown in the upper right diagram shown in FIG. 8B are further enlarged. As drawn in the corners of the portion 11, the rib material enters the gas diffusion layers 4, 5 to form a fan-like interface. Therefore, the interface stress is dispersed, and the so-called anchoring effect is further obtained, so that the fluid guides the flow path ribs. The adhesion of the interface between the portion 11 and the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5 is improved.
- the gas-permeable flow path is attached to the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5 in a relationship of Rw1 ⁇ Rw2. Therefore, it can be considered that the cross-flow of the reactive gas diffused into the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5 is easily formed. That is, since the cross-sectional shape of the rib portion where the reactive gas easily diffuses, a fluid-guided flow path structure with good gas permeability can be realized.
- the ribs 11 constituting the cooling medium flow path attached to the separator and the ribs 11 attached to the gas guide flow path of the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5 can be coated with the same dense highly conductive carbon-based coating.
- Cloth material is used for attachment, and different materials can also be used.
- the fluid guide flow path, the partition plates 6, 7 attached to the cooling medium flow path, and the gas diffusion layers 4, 5 attached to the gas guide flow path are independent of each other. For integration.
- the pattern of the fluid guide flow path is not particularly limited, and can be formed in the same manner as the pattern of the fluid guide flow path formed in a conventional separator.
- a straight type, a snake type, a comb type, etc. are mentioned.
- the configuration of the fluid guide flow path according to the second embodiment of the present invention is merely an example, and is not limited to the content described in this specification.
- a fuel cell having a fluid guide flow path according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to Figs. 3A-3F, 4A-4C, 7A-7C, and 10-15B.
- the present invention is not limited to the third embodiment.
- a fluid guide flow is formed on any of the first substrate (gas diffusion layers 4, 5) or the second substrate (separators 6, 7). Flow path, while no fluid guide flow path is formed on the other side.
- a gas guide flow path is attached to the surfaces of the partition plates 6 and 7 facing the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5, and then, the partition plates 6 and 7 face each other.
- the gas guide channels are attached to the surfaces of the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5 and the substrates on both sides where the ribs are formed are butted against each other so that the top surfaces of the corresponding ribs are in contact.
- the dimension marks constituting the fluid guide flow path and the method of manufacturing the fluid guide flow path in the present invention are the same as those described in the first and second embodiments, and are therefore omitted.
- FIGS. 10A to 10D are diagrams illustrating a basic sequence of formation of a fluid guide flow path of Embodiment 3.
- FIG. 3C shows not only the fluid guide channels attached to the surfaces of the partition plates 6 and 7 facing the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5 according to FIG. 10C, but also the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5 facing the partition plates 6 and 7.
- a schematic view of the gas guide flow path of this embodiment 3 formed by attaching a fluid guide flow path to the surface and then abutting (clamping) the heads of the ribs to each other; and a partition plate facing each other according to the explanatory diagram of FIG. 10D
- a schematic diagram of the cooling medium flow path of the third embodiment is formed by attaching cooling medium flow paths to the surfaces of 6 and 7, respectively, and then staggering the ribs with each other.
- the gas guide flow path according to the third embodiment is attached to the surfaces of the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5 and also to the surfaces of the partition plates 6 and 7, and the cooling medium flow path is attached to the surfaces of the partition plates 6 and 7. It is formed by abutting (clamping) with the adjacent partition plates 7, 6 in contact with each other.
- the fluid guide flow path formation method of FIG. 10C is also referred to as a “head strike method” because the heads of the ribs abut each other.
- the fluid guide flow path formation method of FIG. 10D is also referred to as a "biting method" because the heads of the ribs are staggered with each other.
- the cooling medium flow path is obtained by adhering the ribs 11 to the other surface of the anode separator 6 and / or the cathode-side separator 7 and then bonding the edges of the adjacent separators so that The ribs 11 are formed in contact (clamped) with the surfaces of the adjacent cathode-side separator 7 or anode separator 6.
- the cooling medium flow path shown in FIG. 3A uses the occlusion method, but any method (head strike method, head pressure method, occlusion method) may be used.
- the gas guide flow path is formed by hitting each other's ribs on the surfaces of the partition plates 6 and 7 and the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5 with each other.
- the occlusion pattern shown in FIG. FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram according to FIG. 10D.
- a gas guide flow path is attached to the surfaces of the partition plates 6 and 7 facing the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5.
- a schematic view of the fluid-guided flow path according to the third embodiment is formed by adhering a gas-guided flow path to the surface of 5 and then engaging each other.
- the gas guide flow path is attached to both the surfaces of the separators 6 and 7 and the surfaces of the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5.
- biting method Since the heads of the mutual ribs are staggered with each other, this is also referred to as a "biting method". That is, in the third embodiment, the fluid guide flow path is adhered to both the surfaces of the separators 6 and 7 and the surfaces of the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5. Since the heads of the mutual ribs are staggered with each other, this is also referred to as a "biting method”. In the third embodiment, any method (head strike method, head pressure method, and bite method) can be adopted.
- FIGS. 7A to 7C are cross-sectional views of a fluid guide flow path structure according to a third embodiment to which a typical example of the fluid guide flow path ribs 11 in FIGS. 4A, B, and C is applied.
- Each of the cross-sectional views of FIGS. 7A-7C is a cross-sectional view obtained by perpendicularly crossing the direction in which the rib and the channel extend.
- the “rib cross-sectional shape” or “rib shape” described in this specification is viewed from this cross-section.
- the direction of the cross-sectional shape of the rib is such that the side that is in contact with the substrate is the lower side (adhesion side).
- the cross section of the rib 11 is rectangular.
- the cross section of the rib 11 is rectangular and trapezoidal.
- the cross section of the rib 11 is rectangular and has a trapezoidal shape with an arc.
- the cross-sectional shape of the ribs of the fluid guide flow path in the third embodiment is not limited to the shapes shown in Figs. 7A, B, and C.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the cross-sectional shape of the left and right asymmetric ribs shown in columns B and C of FIG. 12 may be applied.
- a reverse type in which the cross-sectional shape of the rib portion which is symmetrical to the left and right and left to right is asymmetric can also be applied.
- a rounded shape in which corners of the cross-sectional shapes of the ribs are rounded can be applied, and a combination of these can also be applied.
- the angles ⁇ and ⁇ formed by the rib interface and the side of the rib are both 90 degrees, and the cross-sectional shape of the rib is formed to be bilaterally symmetrical.
- FIG. 7 (A) is observed, it can be seen that if the rib widths Rw1 and Rw2 are excessively increased, the flow path of the reaction gas is affected, and cross flow becomes difficult.
- FIG. 7 (A) the flow lines of the lateral flow in the gas diffusion layers 4, 5 and the channel portion 12 are indicated by arrows.
- FIG. 7B and FIG. 7C shows the structure formed by increasing the rib width Rw1 on the base material (in this example, the separator and the gas diffusion layer) side, and reducing the rib width Rw2 (Rw1> Rw2).
- the cross-sectional shape of the trapezoidal rib portion 11 is a gas guide channel structure.
- the cross-sectional shapes of the ribs illustrated in FIGS. 7B and 7C are both left-right symmetrical, and the angles ⁇ and ⁇ formed by the rib interface and the rib side are 90 degrees or less.
- the rib portion 11 of the cooling medium flow path is a rib portion 11 having a rectangular cross-sectional shape.
- the gas guide flow paths shown in the examples of FIGS. 7B and 7C are those in which the ribs 11 constituting the gas guide flow paths attached to the partition plates 6 and 7 and the fluid guide flow paths attached to the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5 are formed.
- the respective upper surfaces of the ribs 11 (in such a manner that the heads of the ribs abut each other) are abutted and formed.
- the upper surfaces of the respective ribs 11 are flat surfaces to facilitate docking.
- FIG. 7B and FIG. 7C in the rib portion (middle portion) obtained by the butt joint, since the upper width Rw2 of the trapezoidal rib portion is small, the rib portion 11 is narrow and the channel portion is wide, thereby improving the channel portion. Effect of gas flow.
- the rib 11 of the gas guide channel is an inverted trapezoidal cross-section
- the rib portion (middle portion) obtained by this butt joint has an upper width Rw2 of the inverted trapezoidal rib.
- the cross-sectional shape can form the surface of several ribs as inclined surfaces. Therefore, if the structure of the gas guide flow path is applied to the cathode side, water droplets will drip on the surface of the ribs and remain on the side of the separator 7 at a low temperature.
- the channel bottom surface also has the effect of preventing the generated water from remaining in the gas diffusion layer 5.
- the shape of the freely attachable fluid guide flow path ribs which are the main features of one embodiment of the present invention, is not limited to the structure described in this specification, and it is preferable to apply characteristics peculiar to materials and fluid guide flow path ribs.
- Embodiment 3 since the fluid guide flow path is formed on both the first base material and the second base material, there are two types of rib-shaped arrangements. They are a fluid-guided flow path structure formed by a head strike method and a fluid-guided flow path structure formed by a bite method.
- FIGS. 13A-13F show a fluid guide flow path structure using a head strike method according to Embodiment 3, and the cross-sectional shape of the left-right symmetrical fluid guide flow path ribs in FIG. 12 (and its reverse type) is appropriately combined. Shape) and cross-sectional views of the fluid guide flow path structure obtained from the left and right asymmetrical cross-sectional shapes of the ribs of the fluid guide flow path (and their reversed shapes) in columns B and C of FIG. 12.
- FIG. 13A, 13B, and 13C show a fluid guide flow path structure using a head strike method according to Embodiment 3, and the cross-sectional shape of the left-right symmetrical fluid guide flow path ribs in FIG. 12 (and its reverse type) is appropriately combined. Shape) and cross-sectional views of the fluid guide flow path structure obtained from the left and right asymmetrical cross-sectional shapes of the ribs of the fluid guide flow path (and their reversed shapes) in columns B and C of FIG. 12.
- 13D is an example of a cross-sectional view of a fluid-guided flow path structure obtained by appropriately combining ribs having trapezoidal shapes and inverted trapezoids having different shapes and sizes based on a fluid-guided flow-path structure using a nip method according to Embodiment 3.
- FIG. Similarly, by using this occlusion method, it is possible to form a right-left symmetrical cross-section shape of the ribs of the fluid guide flow path (and its reversed shape) of column A in FIG. 12 and a left-right non-alignment of columns B and C in FIG. 12 as appropriate.
- 13E and 13F show a structure in which the rib portion 11 of the structure based on the fluid guide flow path according to the first and second embodiments is changed.
- FIG. 13D shows a case where the left and right symmetrical trapezoidal rib cross-sectional shapes 11 are attached to the gas diffusion layers 4, 5 or the surfaces of the partition plates 6, 7, and the partition plates 6, 7 are also symmetrically attached to the opposite surfaces.
- the trapezoidal rib cross-sectional shape 11 is clamped in such a manner that the upper surfaces (heads of the ribs) of the cross-sectional shapes of the ribs do not contact each other (ie, engage).
- the size of the rib cross-sectional shape 11 of the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5 is set to be smaller than the size of the rib cross-sectional shape 11 of the separators 6 and 7.
- the interface width Rw1 of the ribs attached to the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5 and the width Rw2 of the ribs attached to the separators 6 and 7 It is set to have the same size as the width of the channel, so that the contact surfaces between the reaction gas flowing in the channel and the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5 are evenly distributed, and the contact area is also ensured to be large, so that not only the reaction gas flows easily, The permeability of the reaction gas to the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5 is also improved.
- the ribs formed on the separator are removed every other embodiment in Embodiment 1, and the ribs formed on the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5 are removed every other in Embodiment 2. These are spaced apart to form ribs. Then, by pressing the ribs of both sides against the base material facing the opposite side, a form of occlusion can be achieved. From the viewpoint of manufacturing, the first base material and the second base material can be shifted from the starting point for starting the adhesion of the fluid guide flow path so that the ribs of the fluid guide flow path can be smoothly engaged.
- the trapezoidal rib section shape 11 of the trapezoids attached to both substrates may be a left-right asymmetric trapezoidal rib section shape 11 or a rectangular rib section as shown in FIG. 12. Shape 11, or a cross-sectional shape of the inverted type and a rounded corner shape.
- the cross-sectional shape and the channel width of the ribs attached to the substrates of both sides may be different or different.
- FIG. 13E the partition plates 6 and 7 are attached so that the cross-sectional shapes 11 of the ribs of the left and right symmetrical trapezoids overlap with each other.
- the space on the upper side around the overlapping portion that is not in contact with the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5 functions as a channel portion where the reaction gas flows.
- a space in contact with the partition plates 6 and 7 on the lower side around the overlapping portion serves as the bottom portion 13.
- a dense highly conductive carbon-based coating material having the same properties as those of the fluid guide channel ribs 11 attached to the separators 6 and 7 as the second base material is used.
- the rib portion 11 and the bottom portion 13 of the channel portion 12 are formed, and a gas guide flow path rib portion 11 having a trapezoidal cross-sectional shape in the shape of a left-right symmetry is mounted directly above the bottom portion. That is, in the example of Fig. 13F, the bottom of the channel 12 is provided by fully coating the separators 6,7.
- Embodiment 2 when the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5 are completely coated and the bottom of the channel is provided, in order to ensure a path for the reaction gas to diffuse into the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5, it is necessary to provide Fully coated layer with gas permeability. Regarding the separators 6 and 7, the bottom formation by full coating can be applied to Embodiments 1, 3, 4, and 5.
- the height h of the rib of the fluid guide channel can be adjusted according to the specifications of the fuel cell.
- the height h of the ribs of the fluid guide flow path may not be a constant value, but may be set to have a value of irregularity, or the heights of the respective ribs may be set to fall (see FIG. 3F).
- the adjustment of the height h of the ribs can be applied to both the first and second substrates.
- the first substrate gas diffusion layers 4, 5) or the second substrate (separators 6, 7) have fluid flow channel ribs of the same shape attached to the substrate
- the second base material Partitions 6, 7) with different rib shapes formed fluid-guiding flow paths and caused them to engage.
- different ribs were alternately arranged.
- Part-shaped fluid guide flow path structure That is, according to the occlusion method of the third embodiment, it is possible to make it easier to mix the structures using the fluid guide flow paths having different rib shapes.
- the upper surface of the head corresponding to the ribs is flat, and only within the same area, as shown in FIG. 15A, the first base material (the gas diffusion layer 4, 5) or the second base material (partitions 6, 7) and the opposite second base material (partitions 6, 7) form fluid guide channels with different rib shapes, and use the upper surfaces of each other As shown in FIG. 15B, the ribs of different shapes are docked.
- the cross-sectional shape of the tower-shaped ribs can be realized (the rectangular ribs are formed on the first base material or the second base material, and the second base on the opposite side is formed). Material forms a generally trapezoidal rib).
- FIG. 15A shows a cross-sectional shape of a volcanic rib formed by a head pressure method of Embodiment 3, which is produced in a manner different from a tower shape.
- the adhesion between the partition plates 6 and 7 and the fluid guide flow path and the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5 and the fluid guide flow path is adhered to the gas diffusion layer 4.
- Gases of 5 and 5 guide part of the material of the flow path ribs into the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5 to form a fan-shaped interface, so that the interface stress with the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5 is dispersed and the so-called anchoring effect can be obtained (refer to the figure) 8B). Therefore, the gas guide flow path rib 11 has good adhesion to the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5.
- FIGS. 11A to 11C are cross-sectional views of the shape of a fluid guide flow path when the separators 6 and 7 and the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5 are adhered to each of the first and second embodiments.
- FIG. 11C is a cross-sectional view of the shape of the fluid guide flow path when the fluid guide flow paths are adhered to both of the fluid guide flow path separators 6 and 7 and the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5 in the third embodiment.
- the interface area between the two ribs 11 and the partition plates 6 and 7 and the interface area with the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5 in the third embodiment are set to be the same as those of the partition plates 6 and 7 in the second embodiment and the fluid guide flow path, respectively.
- the head pressure area of the ribs 11 and the area of the head pressure of the flow channel ribs 11 and the gas diffusion layers 4, 5 or the partition plates 6, 7 of the first embodiment are the same.
- the maximum pressing pressure between the three gas diffusion layers 4 and 5 does not change, and the cross-sectional area of the channel of the fluid guide flow path in the third embodiment becomes large.
- the contact area of the reaction gas also increases.
- the shape of the fluid guide flow path in the third embodiment is smaller than the shape of the fluid guide flow path in the first and second embodiments (the ribs are formed on the single substrate).
- the impedance is low, the reaction gas flows easily, and the permeability of the reaction gas to the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5 is also better. Since the reaction gas flows easily and the gas permeability is better, the height h of the rib can be made low. As a result, the thickness of the fuel cell unit can be reduced, and the output volume density of the fuel cell can be increased.
- the head pressure area of the ribs 11 and the base material (gas diffusion layer) described in the first embodiment corresponding to the area indicated by the thick line in FIG. 11A
- the head pressure area of the rib portion 11 and the base material (partition) corresponding to the portion indicated by the thick line in FIG. 11B
- the parts indicated by dashed lines in FIG. 11C) are all equal, and the fluid guide flow path of the third embodiment has the following characteristics compared with the first and second embodiments described above, that is, it is ensured under the same compression pressure.
- a structure in which the strength of the rib portion 11 is increased and the channel width Cw is wider than that of the central portion.
- the ribs 11 constituting the fluid-guiding flow paths attached to the partition plates 6 and 7 and the ribs 11 constituting the fluid-guiding flow paths attached to the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5 can be made dense.
- a highly conductive carbon-based coating material is used for adhesion, and different materials may be used.
- the fluid guide flow path and the partition plates 6 and 7 attached thereto, and the fluid guide flow path on the opposite side and the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5 attached thereto are separately formed and connected to each other. No integration.
- the upper surfaces of the ribs attached to both of the separators 6 and 7 and the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5 are flat, only the docking may be performed.
- the adhesive penetrates into the ribs and becomes a barrier layer for the reaction gas, thereby hindering the permeability of the reaction gas.
- the reaction gas will contact a large number of catalysts at one time, so it is considered that a high output can be obtained.
- the cathode side since generated water also passes, it is necessary to secure a certain channel width Cw.
- the channel width Cw is large, the speed at which the supply gas is discharged from the cell increases. In order to prevent the supplied gas from being discharged immediately, it is very important to reduce the channel width Cw to a certain degree, or to provide a fold back in the fluid guide flow path to make it flow slowly.
- the pattern of the fluid guide flow path is not particularly limited, and can be formed in the same manner as the pattern of the fluid guide flow path formed in a conventional separator. For example, a straight type, a snake type, a comb type, etc. are mentioned.
- the structure of the fluid guide flow path according to the third embodiment of the present invention is merely an example, and is not limited to the content described in this specification.
- the configuration and structure of the anode-side fluid-guided flow path and the cathode-side fluid-guided flow path are the same as the fluid-guided flow path included in the fuel cell unit.
- the structure is described.
- the structure of the anode-side fluid-guided flow path and the method of forming the cathode-side fluid-guided flow path and The main difference is that the structure is implemented differently.
- Other structures, methods, and principles are basically the same as those of the first to third embodiments, and therefore detailed descriptions thereof are omitted.
- the dimension marks constituting the fluid guide flow path and the method for manufacturing the fluid guide flow path in the present invention are the same as those described in Embodiments 1 to 3, and are therefore omitted.
- the formation method and structure of the fluid guide flow path according to the fourth embodiment are different between the anode side and the cathode side based on the shape of the fluid guide flow path described in the first to third embodiments.
- the anode-side fluid guide flow path and the cathode-side fluid guide flow path need not necessarily be formed in the same formation method and structure.
- the gas-guiding flow path on the anode side is attached to the surface of the separator 6 facing the gas diffusion layer 4, and the gas-guiding flow path is not attached to the gas diffusion layer 4.
- the gas-guiding flow path on the cathode side is attached to the surface of the gas diffusion layer 5 facing the separator 7, and the gas-guiding flow path is not attached to the separator 7.
- the present invention can be implemented on the anode side and the cathode side without attaching a gas guide flow path to the same substrate.
- the anode-side gas guide flow path may be attached only to the separator 6 and the cathode-side gas guide flow path may be attached only to the gas diffusion layer 5.
- an opposite combination can be used.
- the gas-guiding flow path on the anode side is attached to the surface of the separator 6 facing the gas diffusion layer 4, and the gas-guiding flow path is not attached to the gas diffusion layer 4 facing the separator 6.
- the gas-guiding flow path on the cathode side is attached to the surface of the gas diffusion layer 5 facing the separator 7, and the gas-guiding flow path is also attached to the separator 7 facing the gas diffusion layer 5.
- the gas guide flow path is attached to only one side of one substrate as in the first embodiment, and on the cathode side, the gas guide flow path is attached to both sides as the substrate as in the third embodiment.
- the opposite combination can also be used. That is, it is an example implemented by combining the first embodiment and the third embodiment.
- the structure and structure of the fluid guide flow path on the anode side and the formation and structure of the fluid guide flow path on the cathode side are not necessarily the same.
- the combination of the cross-sectional shapes of the ribs described in Embodiments 1 to 3, etc., the optimal method can be determined according to the product specifications, the components of the product and their functions, etc.
- the cross-sectional shape of the ribs multiple combinations of various types of rib materials, multiple deformations to which additional elements are applied, and the like can be used.
- the effects are preferably the same as those of the present invention. Based on the production of a product that meets the objectives of the present invention, studying the deformation that best fits the specifications can help to investigate the inherent characteristics, effects, and the like found in cases obtained by combining various elements in various ways.
- the fluid-guided flow path according to the fourth embodiment for example, three types of flow path shape modifications shown in FIG. 4 can be applied.
- the shapes of the three fluid guide flow path ribs described in this specification are typical examples, and the present invention is not limited to Embodiment 4, and various modifications and applications can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention.
- the cross-sectional shape of the left-right symmetrical rib portion shown in column A of FIG. 12 may be applied, or the shape shown in columns B and C of FIG. 12 may be applied. Left and right asymmetrical rib cross-sectional shape.
- a reverse type in which the cross-sectional shape of the rib portion which is symmetrical to the left and right and left to right is asymmetric can also be applied.
- a rounded shape in which corners of the cross-sectional shapes of the ribs are rounded can be applied, and a combination of these can also be applied.
- the ribs 11 constituting the fluid-guiding flow paths attached to the partition plates 6 and 7 and the ribs 11 constituting the fluid-guiding flow paths attached to the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5 can be used with the same denseness.
- a highly conductive carbon-based coating material is used for adhesion, and different materials may be used.
- the separators 6 and 7 to which the fluid guide flow path is attached and the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5 to which the fluid guide flow path is attached are formed separately and are docked without integration.
- the pattern of the fluid guide flow path is not particularly limited, and may be formed in the same manner as the pattern of the fluid guide flow path formed in a conventional separator.
- a straight type, a snake type, a comb type, etc. are mentioned.
- the fluid guide flow path structure according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention is merely an example, and is not limited to the content described in this specification.
- the present invention is not limited to the fifth embodiment.
- the heights of the ribs of the fluid guide channel are made the same.
- the height h of the rib of the fluid-guiding flow path matches the height h of the corresponding rib and is provided.
- the difference is the main difference.
- the other structures, methods, and principles are basically the same as those of the first to fourth embodiments, so detailed descriptions are omitted.
- the dimensions of the fluid guide flow path and the method of manufacturing the fluid guide flow path in the present invention are the same as those described in the first to fourth embodiments, and are therefore omitted.
- gas guide channel ribs are formed on both the surface of the separator and the surface of the gas diffusion layer.
- the height h of the gas guide flow path ribs can be freely adjusted according to the height h of the relative ribs (for example, when the total height is set to 1, it is attached to the partition plates 6, 7 The height h of the ribs is adjusted to 0.7, and the height h of the opposite ribs attached to the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5 is adjusted to 0.3).
- the drop in height h of the ribs of the gas guide flow path thus formed may be a regular drop (alternatively provided for adjacent ribs) or an irregular drop (provided every multiple ribs).
- the example above is just an example, and so are their opposite combinations.
- the shapes of the three fluid guide flow path ribs described in this specification are typical examples, and the present invention is not limited to Embodiment 5, and various modifications and applications can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention.
- the cross-sectional shape of the left and right symmetrical ribs shown in column A of FIG. 12 may be applied, and the shapes of the ribs shown in columns B and C of FIG. 12 may be applied.
- asymmetrical rib cross-sectional shape As shown in FIG. 12, a reverse type in which the cross-sectional shape of the rib portion which is symmetrical to the left and right and left to right is asymmetric can also be applied. In addition, a rounded shape in which corners of the cross-sectional shapes of the ribs are rounded can be applied, and a combination of these can also be applied.
- the same denseness can be used for the ribs 11 constituting the fluid-guiding flow paths attached to the partition plates 6 and 7 and the ribs 11 constituting the fluid-guiding flow paths attached to the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5.
- a highly conductive carbon-based coating material is used for adhesion, and different materials may be used.
- the fluid guide flow path and the partition plates 6 and 7 attached thereto, and the opposite fluid guide flow path and the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5 attached thereto are separately formed and only docked, No integration took place.
- the pattern of the fluid guide flow path is not particularly limited, and can be formed in the same manner as the pattern of the fluid guide flow path formed in a conventional separator.
- a straight type, a snake type, a comb type, etc. are mentioned.
- the structure of the anode-side fluid guide flow path is different from that of the cathode-side fluid guide flow path. Since a drop is provided at the part, a fluid-guided flow path structure can also be implemented.
- the configuration of the fluid guide flow path according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention is merely an example, and is not limited to the content described in this specification.
- FIGS. 9A and 9B Next, a fuel cell to which another modification example 1 of the present invention is applied will be described using FIGS. 9A and 9B.
- the interface area between the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5 and the ribs 11 attached to their surfaces becomes larger, the channel width Cw becomes smaller, and the diffusion of the reaction gas into the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5 is restricted. Therefore, by providing numerous holes in the gas guide flow path ribs 11 of various shapes according to the above-mentioned Embodiments 1 to 5, the permeability of the reaction gas can be improved, the pressure difference between the channels can be adjusted, and the pressure difference can be maintained. The flow of the supplied exhaust gas is balanced, and the generated water is discharged.
- FIG. 9A illustrates an example in which the ribs 11 constituting the fluid guide flow path attached to the surface of the partition plate and the fluid guide flow path attached to the surface of the gas diffusion layer are formed using the same material or different materials.
- the rib portion 11 is then provided with numerous holes for each rib portion (shown by white circles in Figs. 9A and 9B).
- FIGS. 9B and 9C show the fluid guide flow path ribs 11 attached to the surfaces of the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5 and / or the fluid guide flow paths constituting the fluid guide flow paths attached to the surfaces of the partition plates 6 and 7.
- the ribs 11 are provided with numerous holes, respectively. As shown by the arrows crossing the ribs in FIGS.
- the reaction gas penetrates the sides of the ribs (both sides of the channel) and passes through the ribs provided on the gas diffusion layer side to the gas diffusion layer. Subject diffusion. Therefore, the reactive gas can indirectly penetrate the main body of the gas diffusion layer. In addition, since the reaction gas penetrates the side surfaces (both sides of the channel) of the rib, the pressure difference between the channels can be adjusted, the flow of the supply and discharge of the reaction gas can be maintained in a balanced manner, and the generated water can be discharged.
- the fluid guide flow path and the partition plates 6, 7 attached to the fluid guide flow path, and the fluid guide flow path on the opposite side and the gas diffusion layers 4, 5 attached to the fluid guide flow path are formed separately. And only docking, not integration.
- the upper surfaces of the ribs attached to the separators 6, 7 or the gas diffusion layers 4, 5 and the opposite separators 6, 7 are flat, and only Just make the top surfaces of the two sides abut.
- the adhesive penetrates into the ribs and becomes a barrier layer for the reaction gas, thereby hindering the permeability of the reaction gas.
- the ribs 11 constituting the fluid guiding flow paths attached to the partition plates 6 and 7 and the ribs 11 constituting the fluid guiding flow paths attached to the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5 may have the same porosity and / or The dense and highly conductive carbon-based coating material is adhered, and different materials may be used.
- the pattern of the fluid guide flow path is not particularly limited, and can be formed in the same manner as the pattern of the fluid guide flow path formed in a conventional separator.
- a straight type, a snake type, a comb type, etc. are mentioned.
- the numerous rib holes may be provided only on the fluid guide channel ribs 11 on the partition side, or may be provided only on the fluid guide channel ribs 11 on the gas diffusion layer side. Can be set on both sides. Alternatively, it may be provided locally or selectively, but it is preferable to perform the overall setting. Variations are conceivable that can be achieved in various ways.
- the fluid guide flow path structure according to the other modification 1 of the present invention is only an example, and is not limited to the content described in this specification.
- Embodiments 1 to 5 and other Modifications 1 use the two-dimensional method to apply the two-dimensional method to the first substrate (gas diffusion layers 4, 5) and the second substrate (separators 6, 7).
- the shape of the fluid guide flow path rib 11 is freely formed on the surface, and various rib shapes 11 can be implemented in any combination, so that the effects described below can be obtained.
- a metal mold has been required to form a flow path in a separator of a metal-worked body. If the metal mold is completed at once, design changes are difficult and costly and time consuming.
- the fluid guide flow path of the present invention is produced by methods such as printing, spraying, coating, dispensing, and transfer. Therefore, a metal mold is not required, and the flow path design can be easily changed according to characteristics.
- the ready-made gas diffusion layer material can be used, so it is possible to suppress the cost of changes in the material design of the integrated gas diffusion layers 4 and 5 and the redevelopment in each fuel cell design specification.
- the separators 6 and 7 since the fluid guide flow path is attached to the surfaces of the separators 6 and 7 and / or the surfaces of the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5, the separators 6 and 7 used together with the gas diffusion layers 4 and 5 It is not necessary to form a fluid guide flow path by press working, and a separator having a smooth surface and a thin thickness can be used. By using an ultra-thin separator and controlling the adhesion height of the rib material, the thickness of the fuel cell unit can be suppressed. Therefore, by using a two-dimensional processing method such as adhesion, it is possible to mass-produce a small-sized high-volume output fuel cell.
- the ribs 11 serving as flow channels are attached on the surface of the flat separator and the surface of the porous gas diffusion layer, so that the internal stress acting on the separators 6, 7, the ribs 11, and the gas diffusion layers 4, 5 is small.
- the adhesion of the rib interface is high, so that both the reliability of the fuel cell and the effect of extending the life can be achieved.
- the permeability of the reaction gas is improved, the pressure difference between the flow paths can be adjusted, the flow of the reaction gas can be maintained in equilibrium, and a fuel cell having a high current density can be obtained.
- An embodiment of the present invention can be used as a fuel cell for vehicle mounting.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned first to fifth embodiments and other modified examples 1, and can be realized by various structures without departing from the gist thereof.
- the technical features described in Embodiments 1 to 5 and other modifications of the present specification can be appropriately replaced or combined.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (30)
- 一种燃料电池,包括多个燃料电池单元,每个燃料电池单元包括相对的第一隔板、第二隔板和层叠在所述第一和第二隔板之间的膜电极接合体,所述膜电极接合体包括催化剂涂覆膜和分别设于所述催化剂涂覆膜的第一侧和第二侧的第一气体扩散层和第二气体扩散层,所述燃料电池单元还包括位于所述第一隔板和所述第一气体扩散层之间和/或所述第二隔板和所述第二气体扩散层之间的气体引导流路,其中所述气体引导流路是附着在对应的隔板面向对应的气体扩散层的表面和/或对应的气体扩散层面向对应的隔板的表面,所述燃料电池还包括位于相邻的燃料电池单元的第一隔板和所述隔板之间的冷却介质流路,并且所述冷却介质流路是附着在第一隔板面向对应的第二隔板的表面和/或第二隔板面向对应的第一隔板的表面,由所述气体引导流路和所述冷却介质流路形成所述燃料电池的流体引导流路。
- 如权利要求1所述的燃料电池,其中所述第一隔板和/或所述第二隔板的外侧表面上附着所述冷却介质流路,且所述第一隔板和/或第二隔板的内侧表面上附着所述气体引导流路。
- 如权利要求1所述的燃料电池,其中所述第一隔板和/或所述第二隔板的外侧表面上附着所述冷却介质流路,且所述第一隔板和/或第二隔板的内侧表面上无附着所述气体引导流路。
- 如权利要求1所述的燃料电池,其中所述第一隔板和/或所述第二隔板的外侧表面上附着所述冷却介质流路,且所述第一隔板和/或第二隔板的内侧表面所面向对应的气体扩散层的表面上附着所述气体引导流路。
- 如权利要求1所述的燃料电池,其中所述流体引导流路是以涂布、印刷、点胶、喷射或转印的方式形成于对应的隔板表面和/或气体扩散层表面。
- 如权利要求1所述的燃料电池,其中用于附着所述流体引导流路的隔板和/或气体扩散层的表面是平滑的。
- 如权利要求1所述的燃料电池,所述流体引导流路与所述隔板和所述 气体扩散层是分别形成的。
- 如权利要求1所述的燃料电池,其中所述流体引导流路的材料不同于所述隔板和/或所述气体扩散层。
- 如权利要求1所述的燃料电池,其中所述流体引导流路的材料为高导电性材料。
- 如权利要求1所述的燃料电池,其中所述气体引导流路包括用于控制反应流体流动和流体渗透性的肋部和沟道部。
- 如权利要求10所述的燃料电池,其中所述气体引导流路的肋部具有阻止反应流体在相邻沟道间渗透和经由肋部渗透至对应的气体扩散层的致密性结构、或者具有允许反应流体在相邻沟道间渗透或者经由肋部渗透至对应的气体扩散层的多孔结构。
- 如权利要求10所述的燃料电池,其中所述气体引导流路还包括承载所述肋部的底部,所述底部具有阻止反应流体经由基部渗透至对应的气体扩散层的致密性结构、或者具有允许反应流体经由基部渗透至对应的气体扩散层的多孔结构。
- 如权利要求10所述的燃料电池,其中所述气体引导流路的肋部形成于相对的隔板和气体扩散层的其中之一的表面上,且一部分肋部的上表面与相对的所述隔板和气体扩散层的另一个的表面接触,另一部分肋部的上表面与相对的所述隔板和气体扩散层的另一个的表面具有间距。
- 如权利要求1所述的燃料电池,其中所述气体引导流路的肋部形成于相对的隔板和气体扩散层的其中之一的表面上,且所述肋部的上表面与相对面的所述隔板和气体扩散层的另一个的表面接触,所述冷却介质流路形成于相对的第一隔板和第二隔板的其中之一的表面上,且所述肋部的上表面与相对面的所述隔板的另一个的表面接触。
- 如权利要求1所述的燃料电池,其中所述气体引导流路的肋部形成于相对的隔板和气体扩散层的表面上,且相对的隔板和气体扩散层上对应的肋部的顶面对接,所述冷却介质流路形成于相对的第一隔板和第二隔板的表面上, 且相对的第一隔板和第二隔板上对应的肋部的顶面对接。
- 如权利要求1所述的燃料电池,所述气体引导流路的肋部形成于相对的隔板和气体扩散层的表面上,且隔板上的肋部与气体扩散层的表面接触,气体扩散层上的肋部与隔板的表面接触,所述冷却介质流路形成于相对的第一隔板和第二隔板的表面上,且第一隔板上的肋部与第二隔板的表面接触,第二隔板上的肋部与第一隔板的表面接触。
- 如权利要求15所述的燃料电池,其中在一对对接的肋部上,对接界面处的尺寸小于肋部与隔板或气体扩散层接触面处的尺寸。
- 如权利要求15所述的燃料电池,其中在一对对接的肋部上,对接界面处的尺寸大于肋部与隔板或气体扩散层接触面处的尺寸。
- 如权利要求10所述的燃料电池,其中所述肋部的材料进入所述气体扩散层的界面。
- 如权利要求12所述的燃料电池,其中所述气体引导流路的肋部和基部是以全面附着的方式形成。
- 如权利要求10所述的燃料电池,其中所述流体引导流路的肋部的顶面和所述沟道部底面的部分或全部是经亲水性处理的。
- 一种燃料电池单元的制造方法,包括以下步骤:提供膜电极接合体,所述膜电极接合体包括催化剂涂覆膜和分别设于所述催化剂涂覆膜的第一侧和第二侧的第一气体扩散层和第二气体扩散层;提供第一隔板和第二隔板;在所述第一隔板和/或第二隔板外侧的表面附着(adhere)冷却介质流路肋部,用于与相邻的燃料电池单元的第二隔板和/或第一隔板的表面接触而形成冷却介质流路;在所述第一气体扩散层和/或第二气体扩散层的外侧表面附着(adhere)气体引导流路肋部,以及/或者在所述第一隔板和/或第二隔板内侧表面附着气体引导流路肋部,将所述第一隔板与所述第一气体扩散层的外侧表面压合,且将所述第二隔板与所述第二气体扩散层的外侧表面压合而形成的气体引导流路,形 成燃料电池单元。
- 如权利要求22的燃料电池单元的制造方法,其中所述冷却介质流路和所述气体引导流路以涂布、印刷、喷射或转印的方式形成于对应的隔板表面和/或气体扩散层表面。
- 如权利要求22的燃料电池单元的制造方法,其中用于附着所述冷却介质流路和所述气体引导流路的隔板和/或气体扩散层的表面是平滑的。
- 如权利要求22的燃料电池单元的制造方法,其中所述冷却介质流路和所述气体引导流路的材料不同于所述隔板和/或所述气体扩散层。
- 如权利要求22的燃料电池单元的制造方法,其中所述冷却介质流路和所述气体引导流路的材料为高导电性材料。
- 如权利要求22的燃料电池单元的制造方法,其中所述冷却介质流路和所述气体引导流路包括用于控制反应流体流动和流体渗透的肋部和沟道部。
- 如权利要求27的燃料电池单元的制造方法,其中所述气体引导流路还包括承载所述肋部的底部。
- 如权利要求28的燃料电池单元的制造方法,其中所述气体引导流路的肋部和底部是以全面涂布的方式形成。
- 如权利要求28的燃料电池单元的制造方法,其中还包括对所述气体引导流路肋部的顶面和所述沟道部底面的部分或全部进行亲水性处理。
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EP19830824.9A EP3819970A1 (en) | 2018-07-04 | 2019-02-03 | Fuel cell having fluid guide flow path and manufacturing method therefor |
CN201980044662.XA CN112400246A (zh) | 2018-07-04 | 2019-02-03 | 具备流体引导流路的燃料电池及其制造方法 |
KR1020217003357A KR20210028236A (ko) | 2018-07-04 | 2019-02-03 | 유체 가이드 유로를 구비한 연료전지 및 그의 제조방법 |
JP2021522121A JP7379481B2 (ja) | 2018-07-04 | 2019-02-03 | 流体ガイド流路を備えた燃料電池およびその製造方法 |
US17/140,923 US20210210771A1 (en) | 2018-07-04 | 2021-01-04 | Fuel cell having fluid guide flow path and manufacturing method therefor |
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PCT/CN2018/094449 WO2020006697A1 (zh) | 2018-07-04 | 2018-07-04 | 具备流体引导流路的燃料电池及其制造方法 |
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PCT/CN2019/074682 WO2020007048A1 (zh) | 2018-07-04 | 2019-02-03 | 具备流体引导流路的燃料电池及其制造方法 |
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EP (1) | EP3819970A1 (zh) |
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JP2021530092A (ja) | 2021-11-04 |
CN112385065A (zh) | 2021-02-19 |
WO2020006697A1 (zh) | 2020-01-09 |
US20210210771A1 (en) | 2021-07-08 |
EP3819970A1 (en) | 2021-05-12 |
CN112400246A (zh) | 2021-02-23 |
KR20210028236A (ko) | 2021-03-11 |
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