WO2020006892A1 - 一种膜式燃气表计量性能的在线监测方法 - Google Patents

一种膜式燃气表计量性能的在线监测方法 Download PDF

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WO2020006892A1
WO2020006892A1 PCT/CN2018/107644 CN2018107644W WO2020006892A1 WO 2020006892 A1 WO2020006892 A1 WO 2020006892A1 CN 2018107644 W CN2018107644 W CN 2018107644W WO 2020006892 A1 WO2020006892 A1 WO 2020006892A1
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gas meter
gas
magnetic
monitoring method
electromechanical conversion
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PCT/CN2018/107644
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English (en)
French (fr)
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于长松
李长江
程国永
李荣书
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威海拙诚燃气安全设备有限公司
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Publication of WO2020006892A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020006892A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F25/00—Testing or calibration of apparatus for measuring volume, volume flow or liquid level or for metering by volume
    • G01F25/10—Testing or calibration of apparatus for measuring volume, volume flow or liquid level or for metering by volume of flowmeters
    • G01F25/15—Testing or calibration of apparatus for measuring volume, volume flow or liquid level or for metering by volume of flowmeters specially adapted for gas meters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F25/00—Testing or calibration of apparatus for measuring volume, volume flow or liquid level or for metering by volume
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F3/00—Measuring the volume flow of fluids or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through the meter in successive and more or less isolated quantities, the meter being driven by the flow
    • G01F3/02—Measuring the volume flow of fluids or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through the meter in successive and more or less isolated quantities, the meter being driven by the flow with measuring chambers which expand or contract during measurement
    • G01F3/20—Measuring the volume flow of fluids or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through the meter in successive and more or less isolated quantities, the meter being driven by the flow with measuring chambers which expand or contract during measurement having flexible movable walls, e.g. diaphragms, bellows
    • G01F3/22—Measuring the volume flow of fluids or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through the meter in successive and more or less isolated quantities, the meter being driven by the flow with measuring chambers which expand or contract during measurement having flexible movable walls, e.g. diaphragms, bellows for gases
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F3/00—Measuring the volume flow of fluids or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through the meter in successive and more or less isolated quantities, the meter being driven by the flow
    • G01F3/02—Measuring the volume flow of fluids or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through the meter in successive and more or less isolated quantities, the meter being driven by the flow with measuring chambers which expand or contract during measurement
    • G01F3/20—Measuring the volume flow of fluids or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through the meter in successive and more or less isolated quantities, the meter being driven by the flow with measuring chambers which expand or contract during measurement having flexible movable walls, e.g. diaphragms, bellows
    • G01F3/22—Measuring the volume flow of fluids or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through the meter in successive and more or less isolated quantities, the meter being driven by the flow with measuring chambers which expand or contract during measurement having flexible movable walls, e.g. diaphragms, bellows for gases
    • G01F3/225—Measuring the volume flow of fluids or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through the meter in successive and more or less isolated quantities, the meter being driven by the flow with measuring chambers which expand or contract during measurement having flexible movable walls, e.g. diaphragms, bellows for gases characterised by constructional features of membranes or by means for improving proper functioning of membranes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of gas metering, in particular to an on-line monitoring method for the metering performance of a membrane gas meter.
  • the device for measuring gas is called a gas meter (film meter) or a gas flow meter, which is used to accumulate the volume or mass of the gas passing through the pipeline.
  • the meters used for household gas measurement mostly use membrane gas meters or smart gas meters based on membrane gas meters. These two types of meters do not have functions such as judging the performance degradation of their own meters and monitoring the gas leakage in the internal cavity of the meters.
  • the film and slide valve of the watch core will cause problems such as larger film movement stroke, perforation of the film, tight sealing of the slide valve and valve seat, and gas in the cavity due to aging and friction loss. .
  • electromechanical conversion is one of the most important items.
  • the electromechanical conversion of the membrane gas meter is mostly on the counter wheel of the counter, and the reed switch is added.
  • the magnet is placed on the single or ten position wheel. Each time the wheel rotates, the reed switch outputs one.
  • Counting pulse the pulse equivalent is 1 / 10L or 1 / 100L, and the measurement resolution is low.
  • the action of the reed switch is determined by the strength of the external magnetic field, and its service life is greatly limited by the number of switching operations.
  • Chinese patents CN 106248162 A and CN 206038080 disclose a gas meter and its counter electromechanical conversion device.
  • the electromechanical conversion device is installed on the top of the counter outside the gas meter, which mainly enlarges the width of the output pulse of the electromechanical conversion and cannot really increase it. Resolution of electromechanical conversion.
  • Chinese patent CN107340023A discloses an Internet of Things gas meter, which is based on installing a sensor module in the base meter and comparing the pressure difference between the internal and external pressure of the gas meter to determine whether the gas meter is leaking outside; the patent does not reflect the meter meter Judgment of self-metering performance degradation.
  • Chinese patent CN107707386A discloses a gas meter fault prompting method and Internet of Things system based on the compound Internet of Things, focusing on coordinating users to solve simple faults of the gas meter by the Internet of Things system; the gas meter described in the patent self-inspects in real time Self-running status information to determine whether there is a failure, it only involves monitoring simple power supply failures such as under-voltage of gas meter batteries and poor contact between the positive and negative electrodes of the battery, and does not reflect the deep level of the meter's own metering performance degradation, minor leaks, etc. Failure self-test.
  • the present invention provides an online monitoring method for the measurement performance of a membrane gas meter.
  • the present invention By reasonably segmenting the magnetic turntable of an electromechanical conversion device, recording and analyzing the motion information of each segment, the present invention
  • the equipment performs targeted characteristic matching to realize the qualitative and quantitative judgment of the metering error of the membrane gas meter, the internal leakage judgment, the external leakage judgment, and the safety judgment of constant flow rate. It is the online error management of the gas meter and the active gas Safety management provides a reliable guarantee.
  • an on-line monitoring method for the measurement performance of a membrane gas meter by reasonably segmenting a magnetic turntable in an electromechanical conversion device, recording and analyzing motion information of each segment ,
  • an on-line monitoring method for the measurement performance of a membrane gas meter by reasonably segmenting a magnetic turntable in an electromechanical conversion device, recording and analyzing motion information of each segment .
  • Quantitative and qualitative analysis methods for on-line monitoring of failures such as measurement performance degradation and small internal leakage determination of membrane gas meters: Segment the magnetic turntable by using the period of the output pulse signal for a certain segment and the period used by the gas indication to output a rotating volume of gas The ratio is analyzed.
  • the electromechanical conversion device converts and outputs two or more electrical pulse signals for each revolution volume cycle of the gas meter, improves the measurement resolution of the gas meter, and can achieve accurate flow at the minimum flow rate of the gas meter. Analysis, on the basis of accurate measurement of small flow rate, set the gas consumption once to determine the constant flow rate and to prevent the hidden danger of leakage of the meter.
  • the electromechanical conversion device includes a transmission gear, a bracket, a magnetic turntable, a magnetic switch PCB board and a magnet; the electromechanical conversion element used may be a magnetic switch, a reed switch, a photoelectric direct-reading module, a contactor Touch the switch and so on.
  • the electromechanical conversion device is installed inside or outside the watch, one rotation of the magnetic turntable corresponds to a gas volume output by the gas meter, that is, one output cycle; the turntable plane of the magnetic turntable is provided with several Symmetrical circular groove, the magnet can be embedded in the circular groove;
  • the electromechanical conversion device is installed in a cavity of a gas meter housing, a film core is provided in the watch core in the gas meter cavity, and a film shaft gear is provided on the film shaft; the transmission gear; It is in mesh with the gear of the film rotating shaft.
  • a magnet is arranged on the magnetic turntable, and the magnetic switch is welded on the magnetic switch PCB board.
  • the magnetic switch PCB board is vertically mounted on the bracket and parallel to the plane of the magnetic turntable.
  • the electromechanical conversion device (5) is installed outside the cavity of a gas meter housing (2), and a metering bin (1) is provided outside the gas meter, and the metering bin (1) has A counter (11) and an outer main gear (12) directly magnetically coupled with the endothelium shaft gear of the watch movement (3); the magnetic turntable (53) is embedded on the outer gear (12) and rotates coaxially; the bracket ( 52) It is fixedly mounted on the counter (11), and the magnetic switch PCB (54) is vertically mounted on the bracket (52), parallel to the plane of the magnetic turntable (53);
  • the invention provides an online monitoring method for the measurement performance of a membrane gas meter. Has the following beneficial effects:
  • the on-line monitoring method for the measurement performance of the membrane gas meter improves the measurement accuracy of the flow below the minimum flow rate of the gas meter, which is the qualitative and quantitative judgment of the metering error of the membrane gas meter itself, the internal leakage judgment, the external leakage judgment, and the safety of constant flow rate Active safety management, such as judgment, provides a more precise basis, which is of great significance to the intelligent control of the meter and the safety management of gas consumption.
  • FIG. 1 is an installation schematic diagram of an externally installed electromechanical conversion device
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an externally installed electromechanical conversion device according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an internally installed electromechanical conversion device installation according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an electromechanical conversion device installed in the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the four-division coordinate of the circumference of the magnetic turntable of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 1-5 Please refer to FIGS. 1-5.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides two technical solutions:
  • the electromechanical conversion device 5 is installed outside the cavity of a gas meter casing 2 (as shown in FIG. 1).
  • the gas meter is provided with a metering bin 1 and a metering bin. 1 has a counter 11 and an outer main gear 12 that is directly magnetically coupled to the endothelium shaft gear of the watch movement 3; the magnetic turntable 53 is embedded on the external gear 12 and rotates coaxially; the bracket 52 is fixedly mounted on the counter 11,
  • the magnetic switch PCB board 54 is vertically mounted on the bracket 52 and is parallel to the plane of the magnetic turntable 53.
  • the magnetic turntable 53 is provided with a magnet 55, and the magnetic switch is welded to the magnetic switch PCB board 54.
  • the electromechanical conversion device 5 (as shown in FIG. 2) includes a bracket 52, a magnetic turntable 53, a magnetic switch PCB board 54, and a magnet 55.
  • One turn of the magnetic turntable 53 corresponds to a gas volume output by the gas meter, that is, one output period; the plane of the turntable of the magnetic turntable 53 is provided with a number of symmetrical circular grooves 531, and the magnet 55 can be embedded in the circular groove 531; the magnetic switch
  • the PCB board 54 is embedded in the front end of the bracket 52 and is parallel to the plane of the magnetic turntable 53. When the magnet 55 turns to face the magnetic switch, the magnetic switch outputs a pulse signal.
  • the number of magnets provided on the magnetic turntable 53 determines the number of output pulse signals for each revolution of the measuring box.
  • the electromechanical conversion device 5 By reasonably segmenting the magnetic turntable 53 in the electromechanical conversion device 5, recording and analyzing the movement information of each segment, the qualitative and quantitative judgment analysis of the measurement degradation of the membrane gas meter and the judgment of the small leakage are realized; the electromechanical conversion device 5 The gas meter converts and outputs more than two electric pulse signals for each revolution volume cycle, which are used to determine the measurement accuracy, constant flow rate, and to prevent the potential leakage of the meter.
  • One turn of the magnetic turntable 53 corresponds to a gas meter outputting a slewing volume of gas, that is, one output cycle.
  • the turntable plane of the magnetic turntable 53 is provided with a symmetrical circular groove 531, and the magnet 55 can be embedded in the circular groove 531.
  • the magnetic switch When the magnet 55 When it is directly opposite to the magnetic switch, the magnetic switch outputs a pulse signal.
  • the number of magnets provided in the magnetic turntable 53 determines the number of output pulse signals for each revolution of the measuring box.
  • the gas meter is a commonly used gas meter in the present life, which will not be described in detail in this application document.
  • the gas meter mainly consists of a measuring bin 1, a meter case 2, and a watch core 3; the gas meter is provided with a watch core 3 inside.
  • the watch core 3 is mainly composed of a film rotating shaft 34 and a measuring box 36.
  • the electromechanical conversion device 5 is installed in a cavity of a gas meter casing 2 (as shown in FIG. 3).
  • the membrane core 3 in the gas meter cavity is provided with a film rotating shaft 34.
  • the film rotating shaft 34 is provided with a film rotating shaft gear; the transmission gear 51 and the film rotating shaft gear mesh with each other, a magnet 55 is arranged on the magnetic turntable 53, a magnetic switch is welded on the magnetic switch PCB 54 and the magnetic switch PCB 54 is vertical Mounted on the bracket 52 and parallel to the plane of the magnetic turntable 53.
  • the electromechanical conversion device 5 (shown in FIG. 4) includes a transmission gear 51, a bracket 52, a magnetic turntable 53, a magnetic switch PCB board 54, and a magnet 55.
  • One turn of the magnetic turntable 53 corresponds to a gas volume output by the gas meter, that is, one output period; the plane of the turntable of the magnetic turntable 53 is provided with a number of symmetrical circular grooves 531, and the magnet 55 can be embedded in the circular groove 531; the magnetic switch
  • the PCB board 54 is embedded in the front end of the bracket 52 and is parallel to the plane of the magnetic turntable 53. When the magnet 55 turns to face the magnetic switch, the magnetic switch outputs a pulse signal.
  • the number of magnets provided on the magnetic turntable 53 determines the number of output pulse signals for each revolution of the measuring box.
  • the electromechanical conversion device 5 By reasonably segmenting the magnetic turntable 53 in the electromechanical conversion device 5, recording and analyzing the movement information of each segment, the qualitative and quantitative judgment analysis of the measurement degradation of the membrane gas meter and the judgment of the small leakage are realized; the electromechanical conversion device 5 The gas meter converts and outputs more than two electric pulse signals for each revolution volume cycle, which are used to determine the measurement accuracy, constant flow rate, and to prevent the potential leakage of the meter.
  • the perimeter of the magnetic turntable is divided into four equal parts as an example (as shown in FIG. 5), and the qualitative analysis of the on-line monitoring of failures such as the determination of the measurement performance of the membrane gas meter and the internal leakage judgment is discussed.
  • the time is T.
  • Four magnets are mounted on the perimeter of the magnetic turntable, and the magnets are sampled and recorded at four time intervals t (t1, t2, t3, t4) when the magnet passes through the magnetic switch.
  • the ratio of t to the period T is set to ⁇ 1. ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3, ⁇ 4.
  • the rotation of the membrane shaft of the gas meter core is non-uniform, so the rotation of the magnetic dial of the electromechanical conversion device is also non-uniform.
  • the values of ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3, and ⁇ 4 are not all 1/4. If the gas meter does not leak, the values of ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3, and ⁇ 4 are fixed values or have small fluctuations. When a gas meter leaks or fails, as long as the gas flow is stable (measured multiple fixed cycles), as long as the leakage is not distributed according to the original proportional coefficient, the values of ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3, and ⁇ 4 will definitely shift. When the offset reaches a certain amount, it can be qualitatively judged that the gas meter has an internal leak.
  • the electromechanical conversion device provided by the present invention requires more than two electric pulse signals to be output per cycle, and such high-density signals can be used for micro flow measurement below the minimum flow rate.
  • an electromechanical conversion device that outputs two electric pulse signals at a cycle is used.
  • the present invention implements the following steps to determine and set the gas consumption and gas consumption time with a constant flow rate: Prevent external leakage of gas meters:
  • Step 1 Relatively constant flow rate greater than or equal to q 3 m 3 / h and less than or equal to q 1 m 3 / h. Do not use more than V 1 m 3 gas at a time. According to the volume of the gas in the closed area and the characteristics of gas equipment. And the lower explosion limit (5%) of methane to reasonably set the values of q 1 , q 3 and V 1 ;
  • Step 2 Relatively constant flow rate greater than q 1 m 3 / h and less than the maximum flow rate of the gas meter. According to the registration information of the gas equipment, it is reasonably determined that the amount of gas used at a time should not exceed V 2 m 3 and the duration should not be greater than T 1 .
  • step 3 the flow rate between two periodic signals and q 3 m 3 / h (minimum flow rate of supporting gas-using equipment) occurring in a forward direction within 6 hours is determined to be a leak.
  • the electromechanical conversion device adapted by the present invention requires more than two electric pulse signals per cycle. This signal density is used for constant flow rate judgment, and for small leak judgment below the starting flow rate, which is accurate, fast and reliable.
  • the present invention is of great significance for the measurement performance monitoring and local check of the membrane gas meter. It is of great significance for the intelligent monitoring and safety management of gas meters.

Abstract

一种膜式燃气表计量性能的在线监测方法，通过对机电转换装置（5）中的磁转盘（53）进行合理分段、记录并分析各分段的运动信息，实现了对膜式燃气表的计量误差的定性与定量判断、内部泄漏判断、外部泄漏判断以及恒定流速的安全判断。

Description

一种膜式燃气表计量性能的在线监测方法 技术领域
本发明涉及燃气计量技术领域，具体为一种膜式燃气表计量性能的在线监测方法。
背景技术
计量燃气的装置称燃气表(皮膜表)或燃气流量计，用以累计通过管道的燃气体积或质量。当前，用于户用燃气计量的仪表，多采用膜式燃气表或以膜式燃气表为基体的智能燃气表。这两种类型的表都不具备对自身表计性能下降判断、表计内部腔体串气泄漏监测等功能。而随着燃气表使用时间的增长，表芯的皮膜和滑阀都会因老化和摩擦损耗带来诸如皮膜运动行程变大、皮膜穿孔、滑阀与阀座密封不严、腔内串气等问题。
虽然有些智能燃气表具有燃气泄漏检测功能，也多是表计上面预留接口，通过与外部室内燃气泄漏报警器配合，监测燃气管道泄漏，达到燃气泄漏关闭燃气表内置阀的目的，仍不能解决燃气表内泄漏问题。
对膜式燃气表的智能化改造中，机电转换是最重要的项目之一。目前，膜式燃气表的机电转换多采用在表外计数器字轮上，加干簧管的方式，磁铁置于个位或十位字轮上，字轮每转一圈，干簧管输出一个计数脉冲，脉冲当量为1个/10L或1个/100L，计量分辨率低。另外，干簧管的动作是由外部磁场强度决定的，其使用寿命受到开关动作次数的很大限制。
因此，如何提供一种膜式燃气表计量性能的在线监测方法，实现表计性能的在线自检和对燃气泄漏的主动安全管理，是本发明需要解决的问题。
目前，公开的几种智能燃气表及机电转换装置专利，存在以下问题：
1.中国专利CN 106248162 A与CN 206038080 U公开了一种燃气表及其计数器机电转换装置，机电转换装置安装在燃气表外部的计数器顶部，主要扩大了机电转换输出脉冲的宽度，并不能真正提高机电转换的分辨率。
2.中国专利CN 107340023 A公开了一种物联网燃气表，是通过在基表内安装传感器模块，通过对比燃气表内外压力差的大小，判断燃气表是否外泄漏；专利并未体现对表计自身计量性能下降进行判断。
3.中国专利CN 107707386 A公开了基于复合物联网的燃气表故障提示方法及物联网系统，侧重的是通过物联网系统协调用户自己解决燃气表出现的简单故障；专利所述燃气表实时自检自身的运行状态信息以判断自身是否出现故障，仅涉及监测将燃气表电池欠压、电池正负极接触不良等简单的供电故障，并未体现对表计自身计量性能下降、微小泄漏等深层次故障的自检。
发明内容
(一)解决的技术问题
针对现有技术的不足，本发明提供了一种膜式燃气表计量性能的在线监测方法，通过对机电转换装置磁转盘进行合理分段、记录并分析各分段的运动信息，本发明通过对设备进行针对性的特性匹配，从而实现了对膜式燃气表的计量误差的定性与定量判断、内部泄漏判断、外部泄漏判断以及恒定流速的安全判断，为燃气表的在线误差管理，为燃气主动安全管理提供了可靠保障。
(二)技术方案
为实现以上目的，本发明通过以下技术方案予以实现：一种膜式燃气表计量性能的在线监测方法，通过对机电转换装置中的磁转盘进行合理分段、记录并分析各分段的运动信息，实现膜式燃气表计量性能下降判断、内外泄漏的定性与定量。膜式燃气表每排出一个回转体积的气体，表芯的转轴将转动一圈，选择把机电转换装置安装在燃气表内部或者外部，与表内转轴或表外转换转轴输出的主齿轮直接啮合，保证膜式燃气表每排出一个回转体积，磁转盘旋转一周。磁转盘上安装磁铁的个数决定机电转换装置输出电脉冲信号的个数。
对膜式燃气表计量性能下降判断、微小内泄漏判断等故障在线监测的定量与定性分析方法：对磁转盘分段，采用对某段输出脉冲信号的周期与燃气表示输出一个回转体积气体所用周期比值，进行分析。
作为本发明的进一步优选技术方案，所述机电转换装置将燃气表每个回转体积周期，转化输出两个以上电脉冲信号，提高了燃气表计量分辨率，可实现燃气表最小流量下流量的精确分析，在精确计量微小流量的基础上，设定一次用气量，用于恒定流速判断，对表具外漏隐患进行安全预防。
作为本发明的进一步优选技术方案，所述机电转换装置包括传动齿轮、支架、磁转盘、磁开关PCB板和磁铁；所用的机电转换元件可以是磁开关、干簧管、光电直读模块、触碰开关等。作为本发明的进一步优选技术方案，无论机电转换装置安装在表内部或外部，所述磁转盘旋转一周对应燃气表输出一个回转体积的气体，即一个输出周期；磁转盘的转盘平面设有若干个对称圆形凹槽，磁铁可嵌在圆形凹槽内；
作为本发明的进一步优选技术方案，所述机电转换装置安装在燃气表外壳的腔内，所述燃气表腔内表芯设置有皮膜转轴，且皮膜转轴上设置有皮膜转轴齿轮；所述传动齿轮与皮膜转轴齿轮相互啮合，磁转盘上设有磁铁，磁开关焊接在磁开关PCB板上，磁开关PCB板垂直安装在支架上，与磁转盘平面平行。
作为本发明的进一步优选技术方案，所述机电转换装置(5)安装在燃气表外壳(2)的腔外，所述燃气表的外部设置有计量仓(1)，计量仓(1)内有计数器(11)以及与表芯(3)内皮膜转轴齿轮直接磁耦合的外主齿轮(12)；所述磁转盘(53)嵌在外齿轮(12)上，并同轴转动；所述支架(52)固定安装在计数器(11)上，磁开关PCB板(54)垂直安装在支架(52)上，与磁转盘(53)平面平行；
(三)有益效果
本发明提供了一种膜式燃气表计量性能的在线监测方法。具备以下有益效果：
该膜式燃气表计量性能的在线监测方法，提高燃气表最小流量以下流量的计量精确度，为膜式燃气表自身计量误差的定性与定量判断、内部泄漏判断、外部泄漏判断以及恒定流速的安全判断等主动安全管理，提供更加精细的依据，对于表具的智能控制与用气安全管理具有重大意义。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种外部安装的机电转换装置安装示意图；
图2为本发明一种外部安装的机电转换装置结构示意图；
图3为本发明一种内部安装的机电转换装置安装示意图；
图4为本发明一种内部安装的机电转换装置结构示意图。
图5为本发明的磁转盘周长四等分的坐标示意图。
图中，1-计量仓、2-表外壳、3-表芯、5-机电转换装置、11-计数器、12-外主齿轮、34-皮膜转轴、36-计量箱、51-传动齿轮、52-支架、53-磁转盘、54-磁开关PCB板、55-磁铁、圆形凹槽531。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
请参阅图1-5，本发明实施例提供二种技术方案：
实施例一
一种膜式燃气表计量性能的在线监测方法，所述机电转换装置5安装在 燃气表外壳2的腔外(如图1所示)，所述燃气表的外部设置有计量仓1，计量仓1内有计数器11以及与表芯3内皮膜转轴齿轮直接磁耦合的外主齿轮12；所述磁转盘53嵌在外齿轮12上，并同轴转动；所述支架52固定安装在计数器11上，磁开关PCB板54垂直安装在支架52上，与磁转盘53平面平行；所述磁转盘53上设有磁铁55，磁开关焊接在磁开关PCB板54上。
机电转换装置5(如图2所示)包括支架52、磁转盘53、磁开关PCB板54和磁铁55。
磁转盘53旋转一周对应燃气表输出一个回转体积的气体，即一个输出周期；磁转盘53的转盘平面设有若干对称圆形凹槽531，磁铁55可嵌在圆形凹槽531内；磁开关PCB板54嵌在支架52前端，与磁转盘53平面平行。当磁铁55转至与磁开关正对时，磁开关输出一个脉冲信号。磁转盘53设置磁铁的个数决定计量箱每排出一个回转体积输出脉冲信号的个数。
通过对机电转换装置5中的磁转盘53进行合理分段、记录并分析各分段的运动信息，实现膜式燃气表计量性能下降判断、微小泄漏判断的定性与定量判断分析；机电转换装置5将燃气表每个回转体积周期，转化输出两个以上电脉冲信号，用于计量精度判断、恒定流速判断，以及对表具外漏隐患进行安全预防。
磁转盘53旋转一周对应燃气表输出一个回转体积的气体，即一个输出周期；磁转盘53的转盘平面设有对称圆形凹槽531，磁铁55可嵌在圆形凹槽531内；当磁铁55转至与磁开关正对时，磁开关输出一个脉冲信号。磁转盘53设置磁铁的个数，决定计量箱每排出一个回转体积输出脉冲信号的个数。
燃气表为现有生活中常用的燃气表，在本申请文件中就不进行详细阐述，燃气表主要由计量仓1、表外壳2、表芯3等部件组成；燃气表内部设有表芯3，表芯3主要由皮膜转轴34、计量箱36等部件组成。
实施例二
一种膜式燃气表计量性能的在线监测方法，所述机电转换装置5安装在燃气表外壳2的腔内(如图3所示)，所述燃气表腔内表芯3设置有皮膜转轴34，且皮膜转轴34上设置有皮膜转轴齿轮；所述传动齿轮51与皮膜转轴齿轮相互啮合，磁转盘53上设有磁铁55，磁开关焊接在磁开关PCB板54上，磁开关PCB板54垂直安装在支架52上，与磁转盘53平面平行。
机电转换装置5(如图4所示)包括传动齿轮51、支架52、磁转盘53、磁开关PCB板54和磁铁55。
磁转盘53旋转一周对应燃气表输出一个回转体积的气体，即一个输出周期；磁转盘53的转盘平面设有若干对称圆形凹槽531，磁铁55可嵌在圆形凹槽531内；磁开关PCB板54嵌在支架52前端，与磁转盘53平面平行。当磁铁55转至与磁开关正对时，磁开关输出一个脉冲信号。磁转盘53设置磁铁的个数决定计量箱每排出一个回转体积输出脉冲信号的个数。
通过对机电转换装置5中的磁转盘53进行合理分段、记录并分析各分段的运动信息，实现膜式燃气表计量性能下降判断、微小泄漏判断的定性与定量判断分析；机电转换装置5将燃气表每个回转体积周期，转化输出两个以上电脉冲信号，用于计量精度判断、恒定流速判断，以及对表具外漏隐患进行安全预防。
本发明仅以磁转盘周长四等分为例(如图5所示)，对对膜式燃气表计量性能下降判断、内泄漏判断等故障在线监测的定性分析加以论述：设磁转盘转动一周的时间为T。在磁转盘周长四等分对称位置装配4个磁铁，当磁铁通过磁开关时，会采样记录四个时间间隔t(t1、t2、t3、t4)，t与周期T的比值设为β1、β2、β3、β4。在每个回转体积周期内，由于燃气表表芯皮膜转轴的转动是非匀速的，因此，机电转换装置的磁转盘的转动也是非匀速 的。因此，β1、β2、β3、β4的值并非都是1/4。如果燃气表未发生泄漏，β1、β2、β3、β4的值是固定值或波动微小。而当燃气表发生泄漏或故障后，只要在燃气流量稳定的期间(测得多个固定周期)，只要泄漏非按原比例系数分布，β1、β2、β3、β4的值定会发生偏移，当偏移达到一定量时，即可定性判断燃气表出现内部泄漏。
在实际使用中，燃气表发生泄漏时，大都在一个回转体积的0.75个周期以下。在泄漏发生的0.75个周期内，则t1、t2、t3、t4至少有一个的值会不受泄漏影响或受影响微小。假设燃气表发生泄漏时，测得四个磁铁通过磁开关时的时间间隔为t1’、t2’、t3’、t4’，可计算出β1’、β2’、β3’、β4’，与燃气表未泄漏时的β1、β2、β3、β4对照，找出下降最大的一个(设为β4’，也就是受泄漏影响最小的时间间隔)，可计算出正常的燃气表每个回转体积输出的周期T＝t4’/β4。实际测得燃气表每个回转体积输出的周期T’＝(t1’+t2’+t3’+t4’)，由此可得周期偏差△T＝T’-T，那么△T与T的比值为燃气表泄漏比例系数。当燃气表发生泄漏或其他计量性能故障时，燃气公司可通过该比例系数计算燃气的损失。
如果需要定量计算0.75个周期以上的泄漏情况时，仅需要均匀增加磁转盘上磁铁的数量。另外，可通过增加一个与原磁开关呈一定角度关系的另一磁开关，可实现对原测得量的参比。
本发明提供的机电转换装置，要求每个周期输出两个以上的电脉冲信号，这种高密度信号可用于最小流量以下的微小流量计量。对最大流量小于6m 3/h以下的家用膜式燃气表，采用一个周期输出两个电脉冲信号的机电转化装置，本发明按以下流程实现通过恒定流速设定用气量与用气时间来判断和预防燃气表出现外泄漏：
步骤1，大于等于q 3m 3/h小于等于q 1m 3/h的相对恒定流速，一次用气量不要超过V 1m 3；根据用气相对封闭区域的空间体积、燃气设备的用气特征与 甲烷的爆炸下限(5％)来合理设定q 1、q 3与V 1的值；
步骤2，大于q 1m 3/h小于燃气表最大流量的相对恒定流速，根据用气设备的注册信息合理确定一次用气量不要超过V 2m 3，持续时间不要大于T 1；
步骤3，对6小时内顺向发生两个周期信号到q 3m 3/h(支持用气设备的最小流量)之间的流量，判断为泄漏。
本发明适配的机电转换装置，要求每个周期要有两个以上的电脉冲信号。这种信号密度用于恒定流速判断，用于始动流量以下的微小泄漏判断，既准确又迅速可靠。
综上所述，本发明这对于膜式燃气表的计量性能监视与本地检表具有重大意义。对于表具的智能监控与用气安全管理具有重大意义。
需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种膜式燃气表计量性能的在线监测方法，其特征在于，通过对机电转换装置(5)中的磁转盘(53)进行合理分段、记录并分析各分段的运动信息，实现了对膜式燃气表的计量误差的定性与定量判断、内部泄漏判断、外部泄漏判断以及恒定流速的安全判断。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种膜式燃气表计量性能的在线监测方法，其特征在于，所述机电转换装置(5)将燃气表每个回转体积周期，转化输出两个以上电脉冲信号，用于计量精度判断、恒定流速判断，以及对表具外漏隐患进行安全预防。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种膜式燃气表计量性能的在线监测方法，其特征在于，所述机电转换装置(5)可选择安装在燃气表内部或外部，部件包括传动齿轮(51)、支架(52)、磁转盘(53)、磁开关PCB板(54)和磁铁(55)。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种膜式燃气表计量性能的在线监测方法，其特征在于，无论机电转换装置安装在表内部或外部，所述磁转盘(53)旋转一周对应燃气表输出一个回转体积的气体，即一个输出周期；磁转盘(53)的转盘平面设有若干个对称圆形凹槽(531)，磁铁(55)可嵌在圆形凹槽(531)内；磁铁(55)数量为若干个。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种膜式燃气表计量性能的在线监测方法，其特征在于，所述机电转换装置(5)安装在燃气表外壳(2)的腔外，所述燃气表的外部设置有计量仓(1)，计量仓(1)内有计数器(11)以及与表芯(3)内皮膜转轴齿轮直接磁耦合的外主齿轮(12)；所述磁转盘(53)嵌在外齿轮(12)上，并同轴转动；所述支架(52)固定安装在计数器(11)上，磁开关PCB板(54)垂直安装在支架(52)上，与磁转盘(53)平面平行；所述磁转盘(53)上设有磁铁(55)，磁开关焊接在磁开关PCB板(54)上。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种膜式燃气表计量性能的在线监测方法，其特征在于，所述机电转换装置(5)安装在燃气表外壳(2)的腔内，所述燃气表腔内表芯(3)设置有皮膜转轴(34)，且皮膜转轴(34)上设置有皮膜转轴齿轮；所述传动齿轮(51)与皮膜转轴齿轮相互啮合，磁转盘(53)上设有磁铁(55)，磁开关焊接在磁开关PCB板(54)上，磁开关PCB板(54)垂直安装在支架(52)上，与磁转盘(53)平面平行。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种膜式燃气表计量性能的在线监测方法，其特征在于，通过分析各分段的转动耗时在转动周期中的占比，对特定表具进行特性匹配，从而实现了燃气表具计量精度判断与误差管理。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种膜式燃气表计量性能的在线监测方法，其特征在于，所述机电转换装置(5)中所用的机电转换元件可以是磁开关、干簧管、光电直读模块、触碰开关；所述膜式燃气表(含皮膜表)的最大流量范围是：0.016～160m 3/h。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种膜式燃气表计量性能的在线监测方法，其特征在于，恒定流速判断设定用气量与用气时间来判断和预防燃气表出现外泄漏的步骤包括如下：
    步骤1，大于等于q 3m 3/h小于等于q 1m 3/h的相对恒定流速，一次用气量不要超过V 1m 3；根据用气相对封闭区域的空间体积、燃气设备的用气特征与甲烷的爆炸下限(5％)来合理设定q 1、q 3与V 1的值；
    步骤2，大于q 1m 3/h小于燃气表最大流量的相对恒定流速，根据用气设备的注册信息合理确定一次用气量不要超过V 2m 3，持续时间不要大于T 1；
    步骤3，对6小时内顺向发生两个周期信号到q 3m 3/h(支持用气设备的最小流量)之间的流量，判断为泄漏。
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