WO2020006821A1 - 一种转向架及轨道车辆 - Google Patents

一种转向架及轨道车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020006821A1
WO2020006821A1 PCT/CN2018/101365 CN2018101365W WO2020006821A1 WO 2020006821 A1 WO2020006821 A1 WO 2020006821A1 CN 2018101365 W CN2018101365 W CN 2018101365W WO 2020006821 A1 WO2020006821 A1 WO 2020006821A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
guide
wheel
block
bogie
plate
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/101365
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张隶新
许红江
荆红伟
卢权
马川
黄运华
邵亚堂
Original Assignee
中车唐山机车车辆有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 中车唐山机车车辆有限公司 filed Critical 中车唐山机车车辆有限公司
Priority to EP18925500.3A priority Critical patent/EP3782866B1/en
Priority to US17/053,470 priority patent/US11590991B2/en
Publication of WO2020006821A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020006821A1/zh

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61RAILWAYS
    • B61HBRAKES OR OTHER RETARDING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAIL VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR DISPOSITION THEREOF IN RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61H13/00Actuating rail vehicle brakes
    • B61H13/34Details
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61RAILWAYS
    • B61HBRAKES OR OTHER RETARDING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAIL VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR DISPOSITION THEREOF IN RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61H1/00Applications or arrangements of brakes with a braking member or members co-operating with the periphery of the wheel rim, a drum, or the like
    • B61H1/003Applications or arrangements of brakes with a braking member or members co-operating with the periphery of the wheel rim, a drum, or the like with an actuator directly acting on a brake head
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61RAILWAYS
    • B61FRAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/50Other details
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61RAILWAYS
    • B61FRAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F7/00Rail vehicles equipped for use on tracks of different width
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61RAILWAYS
    • B61HBRAKES OR OTHER RETARDING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAIL VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR DISPOSITION THEREOF IN RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61H1/00Applications or arrangements of brakes with a braking member or members co-operating with the periphery of the wheel rim, a drum, or the like
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61RAILWAYS
    • B61HBRAKES OR OTHER RETARDING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAIL VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR DISPOSITION THEREOF IN RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61H5/00Applications or arrangements of brakes with substantially radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D2055/0004Parts or details of disc brakes
    • F16D2055/0008Brake supports
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D55/02Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members
    • F16D55/22Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads
    • F16D55/224Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members
    • F16D55/2245Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members in which the common actuating member acts on two levers carrying the braking members, e.g. tong-type brakes

Definitions

  • the present application relates to rail vehicle bogie technology, and in particular, to a bogie and a rail vehicle.
  • Rail trains are generally divided into monorail trains and double-track trains, where a double-track train travels along two parallel tracks.
  • the gauge is the distance between two tracks.
  • Most countries or regions adopt a uniform gauge, but some countries or regions have different gauges.
  • a track change operation that is, to adjust the distance between two wheels connected on the same axle in a track train so that the wheels The distance between them can be adapted to the new gauge.
  • the axle and the two wheels connected to it are collectively called a wheelset.
  • the wheelset is arranged on the bogie of a rail train.
  • the two wheels can move relative to each other in the axial direction of the axle.
  • the bogie is also provided with a wheel brake caliper. When the rail train enters the braking state, the wheel brake caliper is in close contact with the wheel surface or tread of the wheel to increase the friction between the wheel and the track, thereby reducing the track. Purpose of vehicle speed.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a bogie and a rail vehicle, which can simplify the track changing operation, thereby improving the efficiency.
  • a bogie including: a frame, a wheel pair connected to the frame, a brake hanger fixed on the frame, and a brake for a wheel.
  • Hanger slider and transmission part fixedly connected by clamps;
  • the suspension slider is connected to a brake suspension, the transmission member is connected to the suspension slider; a first end of the transmission member extends to a side of the wheel in the wheel alignment, and the transmission member is used for When the first end is subjected to a lateral thrust by the wheel, the suspension slider is driven to move in the lateral direction relative to the brake suspension, so that the wheel brake caliper is moved to At the position corresponding to the wheel.
  • the suspension slider includes a base plate and a first guide structure provided on the base plate, and the base plate is connected to the wheel brake caliper;
  • the brake suspension includes a base and a second guide structure provided on the base, and the base is connected to the frame;
  • the first guide structure is connected to a second guide structure, and the first guide structure is movable in a lateral direction relative to the second guide structure.
  • the first guide structure is a guide block
  • the second guide structure is a guide frame that can accommodate the guide block
  • the guide frame includes: a top plate, a bottom plate, and a side plate; the side plate is connected between the top plate and the bottom plate; and the bottom plate is inserted into the accommodation space.
  • the inner surface of the top plate of the guide frame facing the bottom plate is provided with an elastic guide mechanism
  • the top surface of the guide block is recessed inward to form a wave-shaped guide groove having more than two wave troughs, and the elastic guide mechanism can abut against the surface of the wave-shaped guide groove.
  • the elastic guide mechanism includes: a first spring, a guide roller, and a first rotating shaft;
  • One end of the first spring is fixed to the inner surface of the top plate, and the other end is connected to the first rotating shaft, and the first rotating shaft passes through an axial hole of the guide roller.
  • the elastic guide mechanism includes: a first spring, a guide roller, a first rotating shaft, and a supporting block;
  • the top surface of the supporting block is recessed inward to form a supporting groove for receiving the first spring, and an end portion of the first spring is fixed to an inner surface of the top plate;
  • a bearing ear extending from the guide roller is provided with a bearing hole through which an end of the first rotating shaft passes; the first rotating shaft is penetrated through an axial hole of the guiding roller Inside.
  • more than two rollers arranged in the transverse direction are provided between the bottom plate and the guide block.
  • the transmission member includes: a connecting rod, a first end of the connecting rod serves as a first end of the transmission member, and a second end of the connecting rod serves as a second end of the transmission member end.
  • the base plate is provided with a hinge support portion, and a middle portion of the link is hinged with the hinge support portion.
  • the bogie described above further includes a locking mechanism for locking the guide block at a preset position.
  • the locking mechanism includes: a first locking member, a second locking member, a locking block, and a second spring; the first locking member is provided with a first guide slope, and the locking block is provided with There is a second guide inclined surface matching the first guide inclined surface;
  • the side wall of the guide block parallel to the lateral direction is provided with two or more lock grooves which are sequentially arranged along the lateral direction;
  • One end of the second spring is connected to the base, and the other end is connected to the locking block, for pushing the locking block into the lock groove to lock the guide block;
  • the first lock piece is connected to the second end of the link, so as to cooperate with the second lock piece under the driving of the link to push the lock block out of the lock groove to guide the guide. Block to unlock.
  • the transmission member further includes: a traverse roller, the traverse roller is connected to the first end of the link, and a tread surface of the traverse roller is used to contact the rim of the wheel.
  • the base plate is provided with an adjustment mechanism, and the adjustment mechanism is provided between the base plate and the transmission member, and is used to adjust the lateral displacement of the transmission member so that the first Maintain a preset distance between the end and the wheel.
  • the adjustment mechanism includes: an adjustment spring and an adjustment block;
  • An adjustment hole having a center line parallel to the lateral direction is provided on the substrate, and the adjustment spring is accommodated in the adjustment hole; one end of the adjustment spring is fixedly connected to the adjustment block; the adjustment block abuts On the side of the transmission member facing the guide block.
  • a rail vehicle including a bogie as described above.
  • the technical solution provided by the present application adopts a brake suspension to be fixed on the frame of the bogie, and a suspension slider is fixedly connected to the wheel brake caliper.
  • the suspension slider is connected to the brake suspension and can be relatively
  • the moving suspension can move in the transverse direction.
  • the transmission is also connected to the suspension slider.
  • the first end of the transmission extends to the side of the wheel.
  • the transmission is driven by the wheel to drive the suspension to slide.
  • the block and the wheel brake caliper are moved in the lateral direction, so that the wheel brake caliper automatically moves to the position corresponding to the wheel with the wheel, ensuring that the rail train is braked in coordination with the wheel without manual work. Adjusting the position of the wheel brake calipers not only reduces the work intensity of the operator, but also improves the efficiency of the track change process of the rail train.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a bogie provided in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of an area A in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a braking device in a bogie provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a front view of a braking device in a bogie provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a plan view of a braking device in a bogie provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a front view of a brake device in a bogie provided with a wheel brake caliper removed according to an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a brake suspension in a bogie provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is another perspective perspective view of a brake suspension in a bogie provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is a sectional view taken along the B-B section in FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a suspension slider and an elastic guide mechanism in a bogie provided in an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 16 is a second cross-sectional view showing the movement of the guide block relative to the guide frame in the bogie according to the embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 17 is a third cross-sectional view showing the movement of the guide block relative to the guide frame in the bogie provided in the embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 21 is a second schematic structural diagram of a locking mechanism and a guide block in a bogie provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • 3-brake suspension 31-base; 311-receiving groove; 32-guide frame; 321-top plate; 322-bottom plate; 3221-through hole; 323-side plate; 33-receiving groove; 34-bump ;
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a bogie provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the present application provides a bogie, which can be applied to rail trains, such as: electric locomotives, diesel locomotives, and urban rail vehicles.
  • the bogie includes: a frame 1 and a wheel set 2.
  • the structure of the frame 1 can refer to the prior art.
  • the wheel pair 2 is connected to the frame 1.
  • the wheel pair 2 includes an axle and two wheels 21 arranged symmetrically on the axle.
  • the bogie also includes: axle boxes, primary springs, secondary springs, motor hangers, and other structures, which can be implemented by means commonly used in the prior art. Marked in the figure. If a motor suspension is provided in the bogie, the bogie can be used as a power bogie; if a motor suspension is not provided, the bogie can be used as a non-power bogie.
  • the brake device specifically includes: a brake suspension 3, a suspension slider 4, a wheel brake caliper 5, and a transmission member 6.
  • the wheel brake caliper 5 may adopt a structure commonly used in the prior art, and specifically may be a structure that is in contact with the tread surface of the wheel 21 to perform braking, or a structure that clamps the rim of the wheel 21 from both sides to perform braking.
  • This embodiment is not specifically limited, and the wheel brake calipers 5 of the above two structures can be applied to the bogie provided in the present application.
  • wheel brake caliper 5 that clamps the rim of the wheel 21 from both sides for braking is taken as an example to specifically describe the implementation of the bogie.
  • Those skilled in the art may also refer to the implementation manner provided in this embodiment, and replace the wheel brake caliper 5 with a manner of contacting the tread surface of the wheel 21 for braking.
  • the wheel brake caliper 5 is fixedly connected to the suspension slider 4 and can be welded, screwed, or snapped.
  • bolt holes are provided in the suspension slider 4, and the wheel brake caliper 5 is fixed by bolts.
  • the brake suspension bracket 3 is fixedly connected to the frame 1 and can be fixed by welding, screwing, or snapping.
  • the wheels 21 can move in a lateral direction, and the lateral direction is an axial direction of the axle.
  • the moving manner of the wheel 21 in the lateral direction and the structure matched with it can be implemented by referring to the structure of a bogie capable of changing the gauge in the prior art, which is not described in detail in this embodiment.
  • the position of the wheel brake caliper 5 must be moved in the same direction and equidistant from the wheel 21 to ensure that the position of the wheel brake caliper 5 can be matched with the wheel 21 to achieve braking. effect.
  • the operation is heavy and the efficiency is low.
  • the wheel brake caliper 5 can automatically move to the target position following the movement of the wheel 21, so that the two brake shoes in the wheel brake caliper 5 are located on both sides of the wheel 21, and The distance from the wheel 21 is substantially equal.
  • the suspension slider 4 is connected to the brake suspension 3, and the suspension slider 4 can move relative to the brake suspension 3 in a lateral direction.
  • the transmission member 6 is connected to the suspension slider 4, and the first end of the transmission member 6 extends to the side of the wheel 21 (ie, the rim surface).
  • a thrust can be generated on the first end of the transmission member 6.
  • the transmission member 6 receives the thrust force from the wheel 21, it can drive the carriage slider 4 to move in the lateral direction, and a relative displacement occurs with the brake suspension 3.
  • the wheel brake caliper 5 is fixedly connected to the suspension slider 4, and the wheel brake caliper 5 can be moved along with the brake suspension 3 to a position corresponding to the wheel 21.
  • the number of the above-mentioned transmission members 6 may be two, and their respective first ends are respectively located on two sides of the wheel 21. Therefore, whether the wheel 21 is moved toward the inside or outside of the bogie in the lateral direction, the suspension slider 4 and the wheel brake caliper 5 can be driven by the transmission member 6 so that the braking device can satisfy the wheel 21 Two-way movement.
  • the two wheels 21 in the same wheelset 2 are moving toward each other or back.
  • a wheel brake caliper 5 may be provided, and at a position corresponding to each wheel 21, a brake suspension 3, a suspension slider 4 and a transmission provided in this embodiment are provided.
  • the technical solution provided by this embodiment is that the brake suspension is fixed on the bogie frame, the suspension slider is fixedly connected with the wheel brake caliper, and the suspension slider is connected with the brake suspension and can be opposite to
  • the brake suspension can move in the lateral direction, and a transmission member is connected to the suspension slider.
  • the first end of the transmission member extends to the side of the wheel.
  • the transmission member is driven by the wheel to drive the suspension.
  • the slider and the wheel brake caliper move in the transverse direction, so that the wheel brake caliper automatically moves to the position corresponding to the wheel with the wheel, ensuring that the rail train is braked in cooperation with the wheel without braking.
  • Manually adjusting the position of the wheel brake calipers not only reduces the work intensity of the operator, but also improves the efficiency of the track gauge change process of the rail train.
  • the above-mentioned hanger slider 4 is connected to the brake hanger 3 and can generate relative movements in a lateral direction relative to the brake hanger 3, and there can be many types, for example, a first
  • the guide member is provided with a second guide member corresponding to the brake hanger 3, and the first guide member and the second guide member cooperate to realize the connection between the hanger slider 4 and the brake hanger 3 and the hanger.
  • the slider 4 is movable relative to the brake suspension 3.
  • the first guide member may be a slider, and the second guide member may be a chute; or, the first guide member may be a chute, and the second guide member may be a slider; the slider may be accommodated in the chute and in the chute. mobile.
  • the first guide member is a slider
  • the second guide member is a slide rail
  • the first guide member is a slide rail
  • the second guide member is a slider
  • the slider is clamped on the slide rail and can be along the slide rail. mobile.
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a suspension slider in a bogie provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the suspension slider 4 includes a base plate 41 and a first guide structure provided on the base plate 41.
  • the first guide structure is fixed on the substrate 41, for example, the first guide structure is integrally formed with the substrate 41, or the first guide structure is fixed on the substrate 41 by welding, snapping, screwing, riveting, or the like.
  • the brake suspension 3 includes a base 31 and a second guide structure provided on the base 31.
  • the second guiding structure is fixed on the base 31, for example, the second fixing structure is integrally formed with the base 31, or the second guiding structure is fixed on the base 31 by welding, snapping, screwing, riveting, etc. on.
  • the base 31 is connected to the frame 1 and can be connected by welding, snapping, screwing, riveting, or the like.
  • the first guiding structure is connected to the second guiding structure, and the first guiding structure is movable in a lateral direction relative to the second guiding structure.
  • the first guide structure is specifically a guide block 42, and the guide block 42 and the substrate 41 are integrally formed.
  • the second guide structure is specifically a guide frame 32, and the guide frame 32 and the base 31 are integrally formed.
  • the above-mentioned guide block 42 can be accommodated in the guide frame 32 and can be moved in a lateral direction relative to the guide frame 32.
  • FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a brake suspension in a bogie provided in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 9 is another perspective view of the brake suspension in a bogie provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIGS. 6 to 9 there is a certain gap between the guide block 42 and the substrate 41 to form a receiving space 43.
  • the bottom plate 322 is inserted into the accommodation space 43, and then the fixing plate 44 is fixedly connected to the top plate 321 and the bottom plate 322, respectively, so that the side plate 323 and the fixing plate 44 are restricted.
  • the guide block 42 comes out of the guide frame 32.
  • FIG. 10 is a front view of another implementation manner of a brake suspension and a suspension slider in a bogie provided in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 11 is a view of a bottom plate and a guide block in the brake suspension in FIG. 10.
  • the guide frame 32 includes a top plate 321, a bottom plate 322, and a side plate 323 connected between the top plate 321 and the bottom plate 322.
  • An elongated through hole 3221 is formed in the bottom plate 322, and the width W1 of the through hole 3221 is smaller than the width W2 of the guide block 42.
  • the guide block 42 is connected to the base plate 41 through a guide rod 45, and the guide block 42 and the guide rod 45 are detachably connected.
  • the assembling process of the brake suspension bracket 3 and the suspension slider 4 is as follows: the guide rod 45 penetrates into the guide frame 32 through the through hole 3221 from the outside, and is then connected to the guide block 42.
  • the bottom plate 322 plays a supporting role to the guide block 42 so that the suspension slider 4 and the wheel brake caliper 5 are suspended on the brake suspension 3, and the suspension slider 4 and the wheel brake caliper 5 can move in a lateral direction relative to the brake suspension 3.
  • the bogie can be further optimized.
  • the lateral movement of the guide block 42 can be restricted to a certain degree.
  • the guide block 42 may move slightly in the lateral direction.
  • the existence of the elastic guide mechanism can prevent the guide block 42 from moving in the lateral direction, thereby ensuring that the suspension slider 4 is always at a position corresponding to the wheel 21, and the effect of locking the suspension slider 4 is achieved.
  • the elastic guide mechanism includes: a first spring 71, a guide roller 72, a first rotating shaft, and a supporting block 74.
  • the top surface of the support block 74 is recessed inward to form a support groove 741 for receiving the first spring 71.
  • An end of the first spring 71 is fixed to the inner surface of the top plate 321.
  • the supporting block 74 is provided with a supporting lug 75 extending toward the guide roller 72.
  • the supporting lug 75 is provided with a supporting hole 76 through which an end of the first rotating shaft passes.
  • the first rotating shaft passes through an axial hole of the guide roller 72.
  • the above-mentioned brake hanger 3 may be provided with an accommodation groove 33, a first spring 71 may be located in the accommodation groove 33, and an end of the first spring 71 away from the guide roller 72 may be fixed to the accommodation groove 33.
  • a protrusion 34 may be provided on the top of the top plate 321, and the surface of the protrusion 34 facing the top plate 321 is recessed inward to form the above-mentioned accommodation groove 33.
  • the top plate 321 is provided with a through hole corresponding to the slot opening of the accommodating groove 33, so that the first spring 71 can extend into the accommodating groove 33 through the through hole.
  • a guide roller 72 is provided, and the rolling friction with the wave-shaped guide groove 421 is used, but in fact, the sliding friction between the elastic guide mechanism and the wave-shaped guide groove 421 can also be used, that is, no guide is used.
  • the roller 72 has a guide body connected to an end of the first spring 71 facing the wave-shaped guide groove 421, and a contact surface between the wire body and the wave-shaped guide groove 421 is an arc surface.
  • the elastic guiding mechanism may be implemented in other manners, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment.
  • the wheel 21 works in the first position.
  • the current position of the guide block 42 is defined as the initial position, that is, the guide block 42 is located at the rightmost end of the guide frame 32.
  • the guide roller 72 is located in a wave valley on the left side of the wave-shaped guide groove 421.
  • the guide block 42 continues to move to the left, and after the guide roller 72 passes the wave peak in the wave-shaped guide groove 421, it moves downward under the action of the elastic force of the first spring 71.
  • the thrust force of the wheel 21 on the suspension slider 4 disappears.
  • the guide roller 72 moves downward and pushes the guide block 42 to continue to the left until the guide roller 72 is located at The wave-shaped guide groove 421 is in the right valley region.
  • the guide block 42 can be locked on a certain Chengdu to avoid the lateral movement of the hanger slider 4 due to the vibration of the bogie.
  • a stick arranged in a lateral direction is provided between the above-mentioned guide frame 32 and the guide block 42, so that there is rolling friction between the guide block 42 and the guide frame 32.
  • two or more rollers 46 arranged in the lateral direction are provided between the bottom plate 322 and the guide block 42.
  • the roller 46 may be directly placed on the surface of the bottom plate 322, or an arc-shaped groove may be provided on the surface of the bottom plate 322 facing the guide block 42, and the roller 46 is placed in the arc-shaped groove.
  • the bogie can be further optimized, especially the transmission member 6 can be further optimized.
  • the transmission member 6 includes: a connecting rod 61, the first end of the connecting rod 61 serves as the first end of the driving member 6, and the second end of the connecting rod 61 serves as The second end of the transmission member 6.
  • the first end of the link 61 extends to the side of the wheel 21.
  • the second end of the link 61 may be directly connected to the guide block 42 (for example, a fixed connection), so that when the wheel 21 moves in a lateral direction to contact the first end of the link 61 and apply a thrust to the first end, The second end of the connecting rod 61 directly drives the guide block 42 to move in the same direction.
  • a hinge support portion is provided on the base plate 41, and a middle portion of the link 61 is hinged with the hinge support portion, so that the link 61 can be
  • the hinge point is the axis rotation.
  • the middle portion of the link 61 can drive the guide block 42 to move in the same direction.
  • the stop plate 473 restricts the continuous rotation of the link 61, and the force exerted by the link 61 on the stop plate 473 can drive the substrate 41 and the guide block. 42 moves in the same direction as the wheel 21.
  • the transmission member 6 may further include a traverse roller 62 disposed at a first end of the link 61, and a tread surface of the traverse roller 62 is configured to contact a rim of the wheel 21.
  • a traverse roller 62 disposed at a first end of the link 61, and a tread surface of the traverse roller 62 is configured to contact a rim of the wheel 21.
  • two connecting ears 63 are provided at the first end of the connecting rod 61, and two connecting ears 63 are correspondingly provided with through holes, and the rotating shaft passes through the through holes of the connecting ear 63 and the traverse roller 62 to realize the lateral movement
  • the roller 62 is fixed at the first end of the link 61, and the traverse roller 62 can rotate.
  • an adjustment mechanism may be provided on the base plate 41.
  • the adjustment mechanism is provided between the base plate 41 and the transmission member 6, and is used to adjust the lateral displacement of the transmission member 6, so that the first end of the transmission member 6 is between the wheel 21 Maintaining the preset distance, thereby ensuring that the wheel 21 does not contact the transmission member 6 during normal operation.
  • the adjusting mechanism may specifically include an adjusting spring 81 and an adjusting block 82.
  • the base plate 41 is provided with an adjustment hole 48 having a center line parallel to the lateral direction, and an adjustment spring 81 is received in the adjustment hole 48.
  • One end of the adjustment spring 81 is fixedly connected to the adjustment block 82, and the adjustment block 82 abuts against a side of the transmission member 6 facing the guide block 42.
  • the length and elastic coefficient of the adjusting spring 81 are set according to the distance between the connecting rod 61 and the base plate 41, so that the adjusting spring 81 is pressed between the base plate 41 and the adjusting block 82, and abuts on the middle portion and the second end of the connecting rod 61 between.
  • a claw 83 is provided at an end of the adjustment block 82 facing the link 61, which can be clamped on the link 61 to prevent the link 61 from moving in the longitudinal direction and separated from the adjustment block 82.
  • the longitudinal direction refers to a direction perpendicular to the lateral direction, that is, the up-down direction shown in FIG. 13.
  • the structure of the claw 83 can be implemented in various ways.
  • the claw 83 is two stops protruding from the end of the adjusting block 82, and the link 61 can be accommodated between the two stops. Each stop restricts the link 61 from moving in the longitudinal direction.
  • the left link 61 receives leftward pressure from the wheel 21 to cause the first end of the link 61 to move to the left and the second end to move to the right (from a plan view of FIG. 13, the link 61 Turn clockwise).
  • the second end of the link 61 moves to the right and applies a rightward pressure to the adjustment spring 81 to compress it.
  • the number of the connecting rods 61 is two, and they are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the guide block 42.
  • the structure of the guide block 42 that cooperates with the link 61 is the same.
  • the bogie can be further optimized.
  • a lock mechanism can also be provided on the bogie.
  • the lock mechanism is used to lock the guide block 42 at a preset position, which further prevents lateral movement of the suspension slider 4 and the wheel brake caliper 5 due to the influence of the vibration of the bogie.
  • the preset position is the position of the bogie before the gauge change or the position after the gauge change.
  • the locking mechanism includes a first locking member 91, a second locking member 92, a locking block 93, and a second spring 94, wherein the first locking member 91 is provided with a first guide slope 911,
  • the locking block 93 is provided with a second guide inclined surface 931 matching the first guide inclined surface 911.
  • two or more lock grooves 422 are sequentially arranged in the lateral direction on the side wall parallel to the lateral direction in the guide block 42.
  • One end of the second spring 94 is connected to the base 31 and the other end is connected to the locking block 93 for pushing the locking block 93 into the lock groove 422 to lock the guide block 42.
  • the first locking member 91 is connected to the second end of the connecting rod 61, and cooperates with the second locking member 92 to push the locking block 93 out of the lock groove 422 to unlock the guide block 42.
  • the number of the lock grooves 422 is two, and the locking blocks 93 are respectively inserted into the two lock grooves 422 to lock the guide block 42 at a preset position.
  • the two lock grooves 422 are named a first lock groove 4221 and a second lock groove 4222, respectively.
  • FIG. 19 is a partial cross-sectional top view of a brake suspension and a suspension slider in a bogie provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the base 31 is provided with a receiving groove 311 that can receive the second spring 94.
  • One end of the second spring 94 can be fixed to the bottom surface of the receiving groove 311, and the other end is locked with the other end.
  • Block 93 is connected.
  • the first locking member 91 and the second locking member 92 are respectively connected to the link 61 on the corresponding side, for example, a hinged manner may be adopted.
  • the connection directions of the first locking member 91 and the second locking member 92 and the link 61 are the same.
  • the first locking member 91 as an example, specifically, the second end of the link 61 is provided with a first fixing hole, and the end of the first locking member 91 is provided with a second fixing hole, the first fixing hole and the second fixing hole.
  • the centerlines of the coincide. Bolts are used to pass through the first fixing hole and the second fixing hole in order, and then are tightened in cooperation with the nut, so that the first locking member 91 is connected to the connecting rod 61.
  • FIG. 20 is a first schematic structural diagram of a locking mechanism and a guide block in a bogie provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the locking block 93 is inserted into the first locking groove 4221, and the second guide inclined surface 931 is in contact with the first guide inclined surface 911.
  • the locking block 93 restricts the guide block 42 from moving in the lateral direction, and achieves the effect of locking the guide block 42.
  • FIG. 21 is a second schematic structural diagram of a locking mechanism and a guide block in a bogie provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the first end of the push link 61 moves in the same direction, and the second end of the link 61 applies a pushing force to the first lock 91 to move it closer to the second lock.
  • the direction of the piece 92 (that is, the opposite direction of the S direction) moves.
  • the thrust force exerted by the first locking member 91 on the locking block 93 is perpendicular to the second guiding inclined surface 931.
  • the component perpendicular to the lateral direction may cause the locking member 93 to move in a direction perpendicular to the lateral direction, so that the locking member 93 is released from the first locking groove 4221.
  • the locking block 93 abuts against the first lock groove 4221 and the second lock under the action of the elastic force of the second spring 94.
  • FIG. 22 shows a third structural schematic diagram of the cooperation between the locking mechanism and the guide block in the bogie provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the guide block 42 continues to move in the S direction.
  • the lock block 93 is inserted into the second lock under the elastic force of the second spring 94.
  • the groove 4222 is used to lock the guide block 42.
  • the difference from the above process is that the first lock member 91 is different, and the second lock member 92 moves in the S direction under the push of the link 61. When it moves to contact the lock block 93 and exerts pressure on the lock block 93, it passes The interaction between the first guide inclined surface 911 and the second guide inclined surface 931 causes the lock groove 93 to come out of the locking groove.
  • This embodiment also provides a rail vehicle, including the bogie provided in the above embodiment.
  • the bogie can be a power bogie or a non-power bogie.
  • the thrust pushes the carriage slider and the wheel brake caliper to move in the lateral direction, so that the wheel brake caliper automatically moves to the position corresponding to the wheel with the wheel, ensuring that the wheel train is matched with the wheel when the rail train is in a braking state.
  • it is not necessary to manually adjust the position of the wheel brake calipers which not only reduces the work intensity of the operator, but also improves the efficiency of the track gauge change process of the rail train.
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of “plurality” is at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless it is specifically and specifically defined otherwise.
  • the terms “installation,” “connected,” “connected,” and “fixed” should be understood broadly unless otherwise specified and limited, for example, they may be fixed connections or removable connections Or can be integrated; it can be mechanical, electrical, or can communicate with each other; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction between two elements.
  • installation should be understood broadly unless otherwise specified and limited, for example, they may be fixed connections or removable connections Or can be integrated; it can be mechanical, electrical, or can communicate with each other; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction between two elements.

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Abstract

一种转向架及轨道车辆,其中,转向架包括:构架(1)、连接于构架(1)上的轮对(2)、固定于构架(1)上的制动吊座(3)、用于与车轮制动夹钳(5)固定连接的吊座滑块(4)、以及传动件(6);吊座滑块(4)与制动吊座(3)相连,传动件(6)与吊座滑块(4)相连;传动件(6)的第一端延伸至轮对(2)中车轮的侧面,传动件(6)用于当第一端受到车轮施加的沿横向方向的推力时带动吊座滑块(4)相对于制动吊座(3)沿横向方向移动,以使车轮制动夹钳(5)移动至与车轮(21)对应的位置处,能够简化变轨操作,提高效率。

Description

一种转向架及轨道车辆 技术领域
本申请涉及轨道车辆转向架技术,尤其涉及一种转向架及轨道车辆。
背景技术
轨道列车通常分为单轨列车和双轨列车,其中,双轨列车是沿着两条平行的轨道行驶。轨距为两条轨道之间的距离,大多数国家或地区采用统一的轨距,而某些国家或地区的轨距是不同的。当轨道列车从一种轨距的轨道驶入另一种轨距的轨道之前,需要进行变轨操作,即:调整轨道列车中连接在同一条车轴上的两个车轮之间的距离,使车轮之间的距离能够适应新的轨距。
车轴及与之相连的两个车轮统称为轮对,轮对设置在轨道列车的转向架上,两个车轮可沿车轴的轴向方向相对移动。转向架上还设置有车轮制动夹钳,当轨道列车进入制动状态时,车轮制动夹钳与车轮的轮盘面或踏面紧密接触,以增大与车轮之间的摩擦力,达到降低轨道车辆的行驶速度的目的。
当前相关的变轨操作中,在调整轨道列车车轮之间距离之后,还需要手动调整车轮制动夹钳的位置,使其与调整之后的车轮相对应。通常,车轮制动夹钳是通过销轴固定在转向架上,调整的过程中,操作人员需要手动拆卸销轴,并调整制动夹钳的位置至目标位置,然后再安装销轴以将制动夹钳锁紧在转向架上,操作过程较为繁重,导致变轨操作的效率较低。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本申请实施例中提供了一种转向架及轨道车辆,能够简化变轨操作,进而提高效率。
为达到上述目的,本申请实施例的技术方案是这样实现的:
根据本申请实施例的第一个方面,提供了一种转向架,包括:构架、连接于所述构架上的轮对、固定于所述构架上的制动吊座、用于与车轮制动夹钳固定连接的吊座滑块、以及传动件;
所述吊座滑块与制动吊座相连,所述传动件与所述吊座滑块相连;所述传动件的第一端延伸至所述轮对中车轮的侧面,所述传动件用于当所述第一端受到车轮施加的沿横向方向的推力时带动所述吊座滑块相对于所述制动吊座沿所述横向方向移动,以使所述车轮制动夹钳移动至与车轮对应的位置处。
如上所述的转向架,所述吊座滑块包括:基板和设置在所述基板上的第一导向结构,所述基板与所述车轮制动夹钳相连;
所述制动吊座包括:基座和设置在所述基座上的第二导向结构,所述基座与所述构架相连;
所述第一导向结构与第二导向结构相连,所述第一导向结构可相对于所述第二导向结构沿横向方向移动。
如上所述的转向架,所述第一导向结构为导向块;所述第二导向结构为可容纳所述导向块的导向框。
如上所述的转向架,所述导向块与基板之间具有容纳空间;
所述导向框包括:顶板、底板和侧板;所述侧板连接在所述顶板和底板之间;所述底板插设在所述容纳空间内。
如上所述的转向架,所述导向框的顶板朝向底板的内表面上设有弹性导向机构;
所述导向块的顶面向内凹陷形成具有两个以上波谷的波浪形导槽,所述弹性导向机构可抵顶在波浪形导槽的表面。
如上所述的转向架,所述弹性导向机构包括:第一弹簧、导向滚轮和第一转轴;
所述第一弹簧的一端固定至所述顶板的内表面,另一端与所述第一转轴相连,所述第一转轴穿设于所述导向滚轮的轴向孔内。
如上所述的转向架,所述弹性导向机构包括:第一弹簧、导向滚轮、第一转轴和承托块;
所述承托块的顶面向内凹陷形成用于容纳所述第一弹簧的承托槽,所述第一弹簧的端部固定至所述顶板的内表面;所述承托块上设有朝向所述导向滚轮延伸的承托耳,所述承托耳上设有供所述第一转轴的端部穿过的承托孔;所述第一转轴穿设于所述导向滚轮的轴向孔内。
如上所述的转向架,所述底板与导向块之间设有两个以上沿所述横向方向排布的辊子。
如上所述的转向架,所述传动件包括:连杆,所述连杆的第一端作为所述传动件的第一端,所述连杆的第二端作为所述传动件的第二端。
如上所述的转向架,所述基板上设置有铰支部,所述连杆的中部与所述铰支部铰接。
如上所述的转向架,所述铰支部包括:上铰支板、下铰支板、以及连接在所述上铰支板和下铰支板之间的止挡板;所述上铰支板和下铰支板上均设有铰支孔,用于与设置在所述连杆中部的通孔通过铰接件相连。
如上所述的转向架,还包括:锁定机构,所述锁定机构用于将所述导向块锁定在预设位置。
如上所述的转向架,所述锁定机构包括:第一锁定件、第二锁定件、锁定块和第二弹簧;所述第一锁定件上设有第一导向斜面,所述锁定块上设有与所述第一导向斜面匹配的第二导向斜面;
所述导向块中与横向方向平行的侧壁上设置有沿所述横向方向依次排布的两个以上的锁槽;
第二弹簧的一端与所述基座相连,另一端与所述锁定块相连,用于推动所述锁定块插入所述锁槽内对所述导向块进行锁定;
所述第一锁定件与所述连杆的第二端相连,以在所述连杆的带动下与所述第二锁定件配合推动所述锁定块从所述锁槽内脱出对所述导向块进行解锁。
如上所述的转向架,所述传动件还包括:横移滚轮,所述横移滚轮连接在所述连杆的第一端,所述横移滚轮的踏面用于与车轮的轮辋接触。
如上所述的转向架,所述基板上设置调节机构,所述调节机构设置在所述基板与传动件之间,用于调节所述传动件的横向位移,以使所述传动件的第一端与车轮之间保持预设距离。
如上所述的转向架,所述调节机构包括:调节弹簧和调节块;
所述基板上设有中心线平行于所述横向方向的调节孔,所述调节弹簧容纳于所述调节孔内;所述调节弹簧的一端与所述调节块固定连接;所述调节块抵顶在所述传动件朝向导向块的一侧。
本申请实施例的第二方面,提供了一种轨道车辆,包括如如上所述的转向架。
本申请提供的技术方案,通过采用制动吊座固定于转向架的构架上,采用吊座滑块与车轮制动夹钳固定连接,吊座滑块与制动吊座相连且可相对于制动吊座能够沿横向方向移动,还采用传动件与吊座滑块相连,传动件的第一端延伸至车轮的侧面,当车轮沿横向方向移动时,传动件受到车轮的推力带动吊座滑块和车轮制动夹钳沿横向方向移动,以使车轮制动夹钳随着车轮自动移动至与车轮对应的位置处,确保在轨道列车处于制动状态下与车轮配合进行制动,无需人工调整车轮制动夹钳的位置,不但减轻了操作人员的工作强度,还提高了轨道列车变轨距过程的效率。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解,构成本申请的一部分,本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请,并不构成对本申请的不当限定。在附图中:
图1中示出的是本申请实施例提供的转向架的结构示意图;
图2中示出的是图1中A区域的放大视图;
图3中示出的是本申请实施例提供的转向架中制动装置的立体图;
图4中示出的是本申请实施例提供的转向架中制动装置的主视图;
图5中示出的是本申请实施例提供的转向架中制动装置的俯视图;
图6中示出的是本申请实施例提供的转向架中制动装置去除车轮制动夹钳的主视图;
图7中示出的是本申请实施例提供的转向架中吊座滑块的立体图;
图8中示出的是本申请实施例提供的转向架中制动吊座的立体图;
图9中示出的是本申请实施例提供的转向架中制动吊座的另一角度立体图;
图10中示出的是本申请实施例提供的转向架中制动吊座与吊座滑块的另一实现方式的主视图;
图11为图10中制动吊座中底板和导向块的俯视图;
图12中示出的是图5中B-B截面的剖视图;
图13中示出的是图5中C-C截面的剖视图;
图14中示出的是本申请实施例提供的转向架中吊座滑块与弹性导向机构配合的立体图;
图15中示出的是本申请实施例提供的转向架中导向块相对于导向框移动的剖视图一;
图16中示出的是本申请实施例提供的转向架中导向块相对于导向框移 动的剖视图二;
图17中示出的是本申请实施例提供的转向架中导向块相对于导向框移动的剖视图三;
图18中示出的是本申请实施例提供的转向架中导向块相对于导向框移动的剖视图四;
图19中示出的是本申请实施例提供的转向架中制动吊座与吊座滑块的局部剖视俯视图;
图20中示出的是本申请实施例提供的转向架中锁定机构与导向块配合的结构示意图一;
图21中示出的是本申请实施例提供的转向架中锁定机构与导向块配合的结构示意图二;
图22中示出的是本申请实施例提供的转向架中锁定机构与导向块配合的结构示意图三。
附图标记:
1-构架;
2-轮对;21-车轮;
3-制动吊座;31-基座;311-容纳槽;32-导向框;321-顶板;322-底板;3221-通孔;323-侧板;33-容置槽;34-凸块;
4-吊座滑块;41-基板;411-夹钳安装孔;42-导向块;421-波浪形导槽;422-锁槽;4221-第一锁槽;4222-第二锁槽;43-容纳空间;44-固定板;45-导向杆;46-辊子;471-上铰支板;472-下铰支板;473-止挡板;474-铰支孔;48-调节孔;
5-车轮制动夹钳;
6-传动件;61-连杆;62-横移滚轮;63-连接耳;
71-第一弹簧;72-导向滚轮;74-承托块;741-承托槽;75-承托耳;76-承托孔;
81-调节弹簧;82-调节块;83-卡爪;
91-第一锁定件;911-第一导向斜面;92-第二锁定件;93-锁定块;931-第二导向斜面;94-第二弹簧。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请实施例中的技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图对本申请的示例性实施例进行进一步详细的说明,显然,所描述的实施例仅是本申请的一部分实施例,而不是所有实施例的穷举。需要说明的是,在不冲突的情况下,本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
图1中示出的是本申请实施例提供的转向架的结构示意图。如图1所示,本申请提供一种转向架,能够应用于轨道列车上,例如:电力机车、内燃机车、城轨车辆等。该转向架包括:构架1和轮对2。构架1的结构可参照现有技术。轮对2连接在构架1上,轮对2包括车轴及对称设置在车轴上的两个车轮21,其结构也可参照现有技术。除此之外,转向架还包括:轴箱、一系弹簧、二系弹簧、电机吊座等结构,均可以采用现有技术中常用的手段来实现,本实施例不再赘述,也未在图中标示。若在转向架中设置电机吊座,则该转向架可作为动力转向架;若不设置电机吊座,该转向架可作为非动力转向架。
图2中示出的是图1中A区域的放大视图,图3中示出的是本申请实施例提供的转向架中制动装置的立体图,图4中示出的是本申请实施例提供的转向架中制动装置的主视图,图5中示出的是本申请实施例提供的转向架中制动装置的俯视图,图6中示出的是本申请实施例提供的转向架中制动装置去除车轮制动夹钳的主视图。如图1至图6所示,本申请提供的转向架还包括:制动装置,制动装置设置在构架1上,用于在轨道车辆处于制动状态下与车轮21压紧接触,以降低轨道列车运行速度。
制动装置具体包括:制动吊座3、吊座滑块4、车轮制动夹钳5及传动 件6。其中,车轮制动夹钳5可采用现有技术中常用的结构,具体可以为与车轮21的踏面接触以进行制动的结构、或从两侧夹紧车轮21的轮辋以进行制动的结构,本实施例并不作具体限定,上述两种结构的车轮制动夹钳5均能够应用于本申请所提供的转向架。
本实施例中,仅以从两侧夹紧车轮21的轮辋以进行制动的车轮制动夹钳5为例,对转向架的实现方式进行具体说明。本领域技术人员也可以参照本实施例所提供的实现方式,将车轮制动夹钳5替换为与车轮21踏面接触以进行制动的方式。
车轮制动夹钳5与吊座滑块4固定连接,可以采用焊接、螺接、卡接等方式。本实施例中,在吊座滑块4上设置螺栓孔,通过螺栓固定车轮制动夹钳5。
制动吊座3固定连接至构架1上,可以采用焊接、螺接、卡接等方式进行固定。
本实施例所提供的转向架中,车轮21可以沿着横向方向移动,横向方向为车轴的轴线方向。车轮21沿横向方向的移动方式及与之相配合的结构可参照现有技术中的能够改变轨距的转向架的结构来实现,本实施例在此不做详细说明。
当车轮21沿横向方向移动后,车轮制动夹钳5的位置必须要与车轮21同向且等距移动,以确保车轮制动夹钳5的位置能够与车轮21相配合进而达到制动的效果。现有技术中,通过人工调整车轮制动夹钳5的位置,操作较为繁重,且效率较低。而本实施例提供的转向架中,车轮制动夹钳5能够自动跟随车轮21的移动而移动至目标位置,使得车轮制动夹钳5中的两个闸瓦位于车轮21的两侧,且与车轮21之间的距离基本相等。
上述吊座滑块4与制动吊座3相连,且吊座滑块4能够相对于制动吊座3在横向方向产生相对移动。传动件6与吊座滑块4相连,传动件6的第一端延伸至车轮21的侧面(即:轮辋面)。
当车轮21沿横向方向移动时,可对传动件6的第一端产生推力。传动件6在受到车轮21施加的推力时能够带动吊座滑块4沿横向方向移动,与制动吊座3之间产生相对位移。车轮制动夹钳5与吊座滑块4固定连接,则车轮制动夹钳5能够随着制动吊座3一起移动至与车轮21对应的位置处。
上述传动件6的数量可以为两个,其各自的第一端分别位于车轮21的两侧。因此,无论车轮21在横向方向上向转向架的内侧移动还是向外侧移动,均能够通过传动件6带动吊座滑块4和车轮制动夹钳5移动,使得制动装置能够满足于车轮21的双向移动。
在转向架改变轨距的过程中,同一个轮对2中的两个车轮21是相向移动或向背移动。针对每一个车轮21,可设置有车轮制动夹钳5,则在与每一个车轮21对应的位置处,都设置有本实施例所提供的制动吊座3、吊座滑块4以及传动件6,并能够自动跟随对应的车轮21的移动而移动。
本实施例提供的技术方案,通过采用制动吊座固定于转向架的构架上,采用吊座滑块与车轮制动夹钳固定连接,吊座滑块与制动吊座相连且可相对于制动吊座能够沿横向方向移动,还采用传动件与吊座滑块相连,传动件的第一端延伸至车轮的侧面,当车轮沿横向方向移动时,传动件受到车轮的推力带动吊座滑块和车轮制动夹钳沿横向方向移动,以使车轮制动夹钳随着车轮自动移动至与车轮对应的位置处,确保在轨道列车处于制动状态下与车轮配合进行制动,无需人工调整车轮制动夹钳的位置,不但减轻了操作人员的工作强度,还提高了轨道列车变轨距过程的效率。
上述吊座滑块4与制动吊座3相连,且能够相对于制动吊座3产生沿横向方向的相对移动的方式,可以有很多种,例如:在吊座滑块4上设置第一导向件,对应在制动吊座3上设置第二导向件,通过第一导向件和第二导向件配合,既能够实现吊座滑块4与制动吊座3相连,又能够实现吊座滑块4可相对于制动吊座3移动。
上述第一导向件可以为滑块,第二导向件可以为滑槽;或者,第一导 向件为滑槽,第二导向件为滑块;滑块可容纳于滑槽内且在滑槽内移动。
或者,第一导向件为滑块,第二导向件为滑轨;或者,第一导向件为滑轨,第二导向件为滑块,滑块卡设于滑轨上,且可沿滑轨移动。
或者,第一导向件和第二导向件还可以采用其它的方式,本实施例不做限定。
本实施例提供一种吊座滑块4和制动吊座3连接及配合移动的方式:
图7中示出的是本申请实施例提供的转向架中吊座滑块的立体图。如图3、4、6、7所示,上述吊座滑块4包括:基板41和设置在基板41上的第一导向结构。第一导向结构固定在基板41上,例如:第一导向结构与基板41为一体形成的结构,或者,第一导向结构通过焊接、卡接、螺接、铆接等方式固定在基板41上。
基板41与车轮制动夹钳5相连,具体的,可在基板41上设置夹钳安装孔411,夹钳安装孔411的数量和位置可与车轮制动夹钳5上的安装孔对应,以通过螺栓依次穿过对应的夹钳安装孔411和车轮制动夹钳5上的安装孔进行固定连接。
制动吊座3包括:基座31和设置在基座31上的第二导向结构。第二导向结构固定在基座31上,例如:第二固定结构与基座31为一体形成的结构,或者,第二导向结构通过焊接、卡接、螺接、铆接等方式固定在基座31上。基座31与构架1相连,可通过焊接、卡接、螺接、铆接等方式进行连接。
上述第一导向结构与第二导向结构相连,第一导向结构可相对于第二导向结构沿横向方向移动。本实施例中,第一导向结构具体为导向块42,导向块42与基板41为一体形成的结构。第二导向结构具体为导向框32,导向框32与基座31为一体形成的结构。上述导向块42可容纳于导向框32内,且能够相对于导向框32沿横向方向移动。
在上述技术方案的基础上,本实施例提供一种制动吊座3和吊座滑块4 的具体结构:
图8中示出的是本申请实施例提供的转向架中制动吊座的立体图,图9中示出的是本申请实施例提供的转向架中制动吊座的另一角度立体图。如图6至图9所示,导向块42与基板41之间具有一定的间隙,形成容纳空间43。
导向框32包括:顶板321、底板322和侧板323,侧板323连接在顶板321和底板322之间。顶板321与底板322平行,且与侧板323垂直。底板322插设在上述容纳空间43内。另外,在基板41上设置有固定板44,固定板44平行于侧板323,固定板44和侧板323分别位于导向块42的两侧,固定板44和侧板323之间的距离大于导向块42沿横向方向上的长度,固定板44和侧板323之间的距离与导向块42沿横向方向上的长度之间的差值为导向块42可沿横向方向移动的距离。
在导向框32与吊座滑块4装配的过程中,将底板322插入容纳空间43内,然后将固定板44分别与顶板321和底板322固定连接,以使侧板323和固定板44限制了导向块42从导向框32内脱出。
采用上述技术方案,制动吊座3中的底板322对导向块42施加向上的承托力,以使吊座滑块4和车轮制动夹钳5吊挂在制动吊座3上,且吊座滑块4和车轮制动夹钳5能够相对于制动吊座3沿横向方向移动。
除了本实施例提供的上述技术方案之外,还可以采用其它实现方式,例如:
图10中示出的是本申请实施例提供的转向架中制动吊座与吊座滑块的另一实现方式的主视图,图11为图10中制动吊座中底板和导向块的俯视图。如图10和图11所示,导向框32包括:顶板321、底板322以及连接在顶板321和底板322之间的侧板323。在底板322上开设长条形的通孔3221,通孔3221的宽度W1小于导向块42的宽度W2。导向块42通过一根导向杆45与基板41相连,导向块42与导向杆45为可拆卸连接。上述 制动吊座3和吊座滑块4的装配过程为:导向杆45从外部通过通孔3221穿入导向框32内,然后与导向块42相连。则底板322对导向块42起到了承托的作用,以使吊座滑块4和车轮制动夹钳5吊挂在制动吊座3上,且吊座滑块4和车轮制动夹钳5能够相对于制动吊座3沿横向方向移动。
在上述技术方案的基础上,可以进一步对转向架进行优化。
图12中示出的是图5中B-B截面的剖视图,图13中示出的是图5中C-C截面的剖视图,图14中示出的是本申请实施例提供的转向架中吊座滑块与弹性导向机构配合的立体图。如图12至图14所示,导向框32的顶板321朝向底板322的内表面上设有弹性导向机构。导向块42的顶面向内凹陷形成具有两个以上波谷的波浪形导槽421,弹性导向机构可抵顶在波浪形导槽421的表面。
当弹性导向机构靠近波浪形导槽421的波谷的位置处时,能够在一定成都上限制导向块42的横向移动。当轨道列车在运行过程中产生振动时,导向块42有可能沿横向方向产生少量移动。但是弹性导向机构的存在能够阻止导向块42沿横向方向移动,进而确保了吊座滑块4始终处于与车轮21对应的位置处,达到了对吊座滑块4进行锁定的效果。
具体的,上述弹性导向机构包括:第一弹簧71、导向滚轮72和第一转轴。其中,第一弹簧71的一端固定至制动吊座3中顶板321的内表面,另一端与第一转轴相连,第一转轴穿设于导向滚轮72的轴向孔内。导向滚轮72能够以第一转轴为轴进行转动,以使导向滚轮72与波浪形导槽421的表面为滚动摩擦。
或者,另一种实现方式为:弹性导向机构包括:第一弹簧71、导向滚轮72、第一转轴和承托块74。其中,承托块74的顶面向内凹陷形成用于容纳第一弹簧71的承托槽741,第一弹簧71的端部固定至顶板321的内表面。承托块74上设有朝向导向滚轮72延伸的承托耳75,承托耳75上设有供第一转轴的端部穿过的承托孔76。第一转轴穿设于导向滚轮72的轴向孔 内。
进一步的,上述制动吊座3上可设置有容置槽33,第一弹簧71可位于该容置槽33内,且第一弹簧71远离导向滚轮72的一端可固定至容置槽33的底面。如图8和图9所示,可在顶板321的顶部设置凸块34,凸块34朝向顶板321的表面向内凹陷形成上述容置槽33。顶板321上开设有与容置槽33的槽口对应的通孔,以使第一弹簧71能够通过该通孔伸入到容置槽33内。
上述两种方案中都设置有导向滚轮72,以与波浪形导槽421之间为滚动摩擦,但实际上,弹性导向机构与波浪形导槽421之间也可以为滑动摩擦,即不采用导向滚轮72,而是在第一弹簧71朝向波浪形导槽421的一端连接有导向体,该导线体与波浪形导槽421的接触面为弧面。
弹性导向机构除了可以采用上述三种实现方式之外,可以采用其它的方式来实现,本实施例不作具体限定。
图15中示出的是本申请实施例提供的转向架中导向块相对于导向框移动的剖视图一,图16中示出的是本申请实施例提供的转向架中导向块相对于导向框移动的剖视图二,图17中示出的是本申请实施例提供的转向架中导向块相对于导向框移动的剖视图三,图18中示出的是本申请实施例提供的转向架中导向块相对于导向框移动的剖视图四。图15至图18中,波浪形导槽421具有两个波谷,两个波谷之间形成有一个波峰。
采用上述弹性导向机构的工作过程为:
如图15所示,车轮21工作在第一位置,对应的,将导向块42当前的位置定义为初始位置,即:导向块42位于导向框32的最右端。在第一弹簧71的弹力作用下,导向滚轮72位于波浪形导槽421左侧的波谷内。
如图16所示,车轮21从第一位置逐渐向目标位置移动,并通过传动件6带动导向块42同向移动,具体的:导向块42朝向图16中的左侧移动,波浪形导槽421中波峰左侧表面对导向滚轮72施加向上的推力,促使导向 滚轮72在该表面滚动,并向上移动以对第一弹簧71施加压力。
如图17所示,导向块42继续向左移动,导向滚轮72越过波浪形导槽421中的波峰后,在第一弹簧71弹力的作用下向下移动。
如图18所示,车轮21对吊座滑块4的推力消失,在第一弹簧71的弹力作用下,导向滚轮72向下移动,并推动导向块42继续向左移动,直至导向滚轮72位于波浪形导槽421的右侧波谷区域内。
当导向滚轮72分别位于波浪形导槽421的两个波谷内时,能够在一定成都上对导向块42进行锁定,避免因转向架发生振动而导致吊座滑块4发生横向移动。
在一些可选的实现方式中,在上述导向框32与导向块42之间设置有沿横向方向排布的棍子,以使导向块42与导向框32之间为滚动摩擦。具体的,在底板322与导向块42之间设置有两个以上沿横向方向排布的辊子46。辊子46可以直接放置在底板322的表面上,也可以在底板322朝向导向块42的表面上设置弧形槽,辊子46放置在该弧形槽内。
在上述技术方案的基础上,可以进一步对转向架进行优化,尤其是对传动件6进行进一步的优化。
如图3、4、5、6、13、14所示,上述传动件6包括:连杆61,连杆61的第一端作为传动件6的第一端,连杆61的第二端作为传动件6的第二端。连杆61的第一端延伸至车轮21的侧面。在车轮21正常运行的过程中,连杆61的第一端与车轮21之间保持设定距离,不与车轮21接触进而不影响车轮21的转动。
连杆61的第二端可以直接与导向块42相连(例如:固定连接),以使当车轮21沿横向方向移动至与连杆61的第一端接触并对该第一端施加推力时,连杆61的第二端直接带动导向块42同向移动。
或者,也可以采用如图3、4、5、6、13、14所示的实现方式:在基板41上设置有铰支部,连杆61的中部与铰支部铰接,以使连杆61能够以铰 接点为轴转动。并且,当车轮21沿横向方向移动至与连杆61的第一端接触并对该第一端施加推力时,连杆61的中部能够带动导向块42同向移动。
进一步的,上述铰支部具体包括:上铰支板471、下铰支板472、以及连接在上铰支板471和下铰支板472之间的止挡板473。上铰支板471和下铰支板472上均设有铰支孔474,用于与设置在连杆61中部的通孔通过铰接件相连。铰接件可以为铰接轴,例如:铰接轴的两端设置有外螺纹,铰接轴插入上铰支板471、连杆61中部的通孔和下铰支板472的铰支孔474后,采用两个螺母从外侧分别与铰接轴两端的外螺纹配合拧紧,则连杆61可以以铰接轴为轴转动。
另外,当车轮21推动连杆61转动至与止挡板473接触,止挡板473限制了连杆61的继续转动,而连杆61对止挡板473施加的力能够带动基板41及导向块42朝着与车轮21同向移动。
进一步的,上述传动件6还可以包括:横移滚轮62,设置在连杆61的第一端,横移滚轮62的踏面用于与车轮21的轮辋接触。具体的,在连杆61的第一端设置两个连接耳63,两个连接耳63上对应设置有通孔,采用转轴穿过连接耳63的通孔和横移滚轮62,实现将横移滚轮62固定在连杆61的第一端,且横移滚轮62能够转动。
如果在轨道列车停止的时候调整车轮21之前的距离,由于车轮21与连杆61接触之后,二者是相对静止的,则可以不采用横移滚轮62。而当轨道列车在行进过程中调整车轮21之前的距离,由于车轮21的转动的,与连杆61接触之后,二者之间具有相对移动,则采用横移滚轮62在车轮21的侧面滚动,避免连杆61的端部仅有一个固定面与车轮21长时间摩擦而造成的磨损。
进一步的,还可以在基板41上设置调节机构,调节机构设置在基板41与传动件6之间,用于调节传动件6的横向位移,以使传动件6的第一端与车轮21之间保持预设距离,进而保证车轮21在正常运行过程中不与传 动件6接触。
如图7、13、14所示,调节机构具体可以包括:调节弹簧81和调节块82。基板41上设有中心线平行于横向方向的调节孔48,调节弹簧81容纳于调节孔48内。调节弹簧81的一端与调节块82固定连接,调节块82抵顶在传动件6朝向导向块42的一侧。根据连杆61与基板41之间的距离设置调节弹簧81的长度和弹性系数,使得调节弹簧81压设在基板41与调节块82之间,且抵接在连杆61的中部与第二端之间。
在一些可选的实现方式中,在调节块82朝向连杆61的端部设置有卡爪83,能够卡紧在连杆61上,避免连杆61沿纵向方向移动而与调节块82分离,纵向方向指的是与横向方向垂直的方向,即:图13所示的上下方向。卡爪83的结构可以有多种实现方式,本实施例中,卡爪83为从调节块82的端部伸出的两个挡块,连杆61能够容纳于两个挡块之间,两个挡块限制了连杆61沿纵向方向移动。
图13中,左侧的连杆61受到车轮21施加的向左的压力,促使连杆61的第一端向左移动,第二端向右移动(从图13的俯视角度看,连杆61顺时针转动)。连杆61的第二端向右移动,对调节弹簧81施加向右的压力,使其压缩。
上述连杆61的数量为两个,对称分布在导向块42的两侧。导向块42中与连杆61配合的结构相同。
在上述技术方案的基础上,可以进一步对转向架进行优化。
转向架上还可以设置锁定机构,锁定机构用于将导向块42锁定在预设位置,进一步避免了吊座滑块4和车轮制动夹钳5受转向架振动的影响而发生横向移动。该预设位置为转向架在变轨距之前所处的位置,或在变轨距之后所处的位置。
具体的,如图14所示,锁定机构包括:第一锁定件91、第二锁定件92、锁定块93和第二弹簧94,其中,第一锁定件91上设有第一导向斜面 911,锁定块93上设有与第一导向斜面911匹配的第二导向斜面931。如图7和图14所示,导向块42中与横向方向平行的侧壁上设置有沿横向方向依次排布的两个以上的锁槽422。第二弹簧94的一端与基座31相连,另一端与锁定块93相连,用于推动锁定块93插入锁槽422内对导向块42进行锁定。第一锁定件91与连杆61的第二端相连,以在连杆61的带动下与第二锁定件92配合推动锁定块93从锁槽422内脱出对导向块42进行解锁。
本实施例中,锁槽422的数量为两个,锁定块93分别插入两个锁槽422内,能够将导向块42锁定在预设位置。将两个锁槽422分别命名为第一锁槽4221和第二锁槽4222。
图19中示出的是本申请实施例提供的转向架中制动吊座与吊座滑块的局部剖视俯视图。如图8和图19所示,具体的,在基座31上设有可容纳第二弹簧94的容纳槽311,第二弹簧94的一端可固定在容纳槽311的底面,另一端与与锁定块93相连。
第一锁定件91和第二锁定件92可以为图14所示的结构,沿着横向方向排布。第一锁定件91和第二锁定件92相向移动并挤压锁定块93,以使锁定块93朝向远离导向块42的方向移动,之后,第一锁定件91和第二锁定件92可以组合形成近似矩形框的形状。或者,第一锁定件91和第二锁定件92还可以采用其它的结构,例如为块状结构或杆状结构等。
第一锁定件91和第二锁定件92分别与对应侧的连杆61相连,例如:可以采用铰接的方式。第一锁定件91、第二锁定件92与连杆61的连接方向相同。以第一锁定件91为例,具体的,连杆61的第二端设置有第一固定孔,第一锁定件91的端部设置有第二固定孔,第一固定孔和第二固定孔的中心线重合。采用螺栓依次穿过第一固定孔和第二固定孔,再与螺母配合拧紧,实现第一锁定件91与连杆61相连。
上述锁定机构的工作过程为:
其一、车轮21朝向S方向移动:
图20中示出的是本申请实施例提供的转向架中锁定机构与导向块配合的结构示意图一。如图20所示,在第二弹簧94的弹力作用下,锁定块93插入第一锁槽4221中,第二导向斜面931与第一导向斜面911接触。锁定块93限制了导向块42沿横向方向移动,达到了对导向块42进行锁定的效果。
图21中示出的是本申请实施例提供的转向架中锁定机构与导向块配合的结构示意图二。如图21所示,当车轮21沿S方向移动时,推动连杆61的第一端同向移动,连杆61的第二端对第一锁定件91施加推力,使其向靠近第二锁定件92的方向(即:S方向的反方向)移动。当第一锁定件91移动至第一导向斜面911与锁定块93中的第二导向斜面931接触后,第一锁定件91对锁定块93施加的推力为垂直于第二导向斜面931,该推力中的垂直于横向方向的分量可促使锁定件93沿垂直于横向方向移动,进而使得锁定件93从第一锁槽4221中脱出。而导向块42在连杆61的带动下沿S方向移动,则在第二弹簧94的弹力作用下,锁定块93在脱离第一锁定件91之后抵顶在第一锁槽4221和第二锁槽4222之间的导向块42的侧壁上。
图22中示出的是本申请实施例提供的转向架中锁定机构与导向块配合的结构示意图三。如图22所示,导向块42继续沿S方向移动,当移动至第二锁槽4222与锁定块93的位置对正时,在第二弹簧94的弹力作用下,锁定块93插入第二锁槽4222内,以对导向块42进行锁定。
另外,该步骤结束后,在调节弹簧81的弹力作用下,连杆61向原始方向转动至第一端与车轮21之间保持预设距离。
其二、车轮21朝向S方向的反方向移动:
与上述过程不同的是,第一锁定件91不同,而第二锁定件92在连杆61的推动下向S方向移动,当移动至与锁定块93接触并对锁定块93施加压力时,通过第一导向斜面911和第二导向斜面931的相互作用,促使锁定块93所锁槽内脱出。
上述技术方案既能够适用于手动变轨的转向架,又适用于能够自动变轨的转向架。手动变轨为轨道列车在停止的状态下进行变轨,自动变轨为轨道列车在行进过程中进行变轨。
本实施例还提供一种轨道车辆,包括如上述实施例所提供的转向架。该转向架可以为动力转向架,也可以为非动力转向架。
本实施例提供的轨道车辆,采用上述转向架,通过采用制动吊座固定于转向架的构架上,采用吊座滑块与车轮制动夹钳固定连接,吊座滑块与制动吊座相连且可相对于制动吊座能够沿横向方向移动,还采用传动件与吊座滑块相连,传动件的第一端延伸至车轮的侧面,当车轮沿横向方向移动时,传动件受到车轮的推力带动吊座滑块和车轮制动夹钳沿横向方向移动,以使车轮制动夹钳随着车轮自动移动至与车轮对应的位置处,确保在轨道列车处于制动状态下与车轮配合进行制动,无需人工调整车轮制动夹钳的位置,不但减轻了操作人员的工作强度,还提高了轨道列车变轨距过程的效率。
在本申请的描述中,需要理解的是,术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
此外,术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此,限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本申请的描述中,“多个”的含义是至少两个,例如两个,三个等,除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本申请中,除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语“安装”、“相连”、“连 接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或成一体;可以是机械连接,也可以是电连接或可以互相通讯;可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连,可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
显然,本领域的技术人员可以对本申请进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本申请的精神和范围。这样,倘若本申请的这些修改和变型属于本申请权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内,则本申请也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种转向架,其特征在于,包括:构架、连接于所述构架上的轮对、固定于所述构架上的制动吊座、用于与车轮制动夹钳固定连接的吊座滑块、以及传动件;
    所述吊座滑块与制动吊座相连,所述传动件与所述吊座滑块相连;所述传动件的第一端延伸至所述轮对中车轮的侧面,所述传动件用于当所述第一端受到车轮施加的沿横向方向的推力时带动所述吊座滑块相对于所述制动吊座沿所述横向方向移动,以使所述车轮制动夹钳移动至与车轮对应的位置处。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的转向架,其特征在于,
    所述吊座滑块包括:基板和设置在所述基板上的第一导向结构,所述基板与所述车轮制动夹钳相连;
    所述制动吊座包括:基座和设置在所述基座上的第二导向结构,所述基座与所述构架相连;
    所述第一导向结构与第二导向结构相连,所述第一导向结构可相对于所述第二导向结构沿横向方向移动。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的转向架,其特征在于,所述第一导向结构为导向块;所述第二导向结构为可容纳所述导向块的导向框。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的转向架,其特征在于,所述导向块与基板之间具有容纳空间;
    所述导向框包括:顶板、底板和侧板;所述侧板连接在所述顶板和底板之间;所述底板插设在所述容纳空间内。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的转向架,其特征在于,所述导向框的顶板朝向底板的内表面上设有弹性导向机构;
    所述导向块的顶面向内凹陷形成具有两个以上波谷的波浪形导槽,所 述弹性导向机构可抵顶在波浪形导槽的表面。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的转向架,其特征在于,所述弹性导向机构包括:第一弹簧、导向滚轮和第一转轴;
    所述第一弹簧的一端固定至所述顶板的内表面,另一端与所述第一转轴相连,所述第一转轴穿设于所述导向滚轮的轴向孔内。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的转向架,其特征在于,所述弹性导向机构包括:第一弹簧、导向滚轮、第一转轴和承托块;
    所述承托块的顶面向内凹陷形成用于容纳所述第一弹簧的承托槽,所述第一弹簧的端部固定至所述顶板的内表面;所述承托块上设有朝向所述导向滚轮延伸的承托耳,所述承托耳上设有供所述第一转轴的端部穿过的承托孔;所述第一转轴穿设于所述导向滚轮的轴向孔内。
  8. 根据权利要求4所述的转向架,其特征在于,所述底板与导向块之间设有两个以上沿所述横向方向排布的辊子。
  9. 根据权利要求2-8任一项所述的转向架,其特征在于,所述传动件包括:连杆,所述连杆的第一端作为所述传动件的第一端,所述连杆的第二端作为所述传动件的第二端。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的转向架,其特征在于,所述基板上设置有铰支部,所述连杆的中部与所述铰支部铰接。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的转向架,其特征在于,所述铰支部包括:上铰支板、下铰支板、以及连接在所述上铰支板和下铰支板之间的止挡板;所述上铰支板和下铰支板上均设有铰支孔,用于与设置在所述连杆中部的通孔通过铰接件相连。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的转向架,其特征在于,还包括:锁定机构,所述锁定机构用于将所述导向块锁定在预设位置。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的转向架,其特征在于,所述锁定机构包括:第一锁定件、第二锁定件、锁定块和第二弹簧;所述第一锁定件上设有第 一导向斜面,所述锁定块上设有与所述第一导向斜面匹配的第二导向斜面;
    所述导向块中与横向方向平行的侧壁上设置有沿所述横向方向依次排布的两个以上的锁槽;
    第二弹簧的一端与所述基座相连,另一端与所述锁定块相连,用于推动所述锁定块插入所述锁槽内对所述导向块进行锁定;
    所述第一锁定件与所述连杆的第二端相连,以在所述连杆的带动下与所述第二锁定件配合推动所述锁定块从所述锁槽内脱出对所述导向块进行解锁。
  14. 根据权利要求9所述的转向架,其特征在于,所述传动件还包括:横移滚轮,所述横移滚轮连接在所述连杆的第一端,所述横移滚轮的踏面用于与车轮的轮辋接触。
  15. 根据权利要求2所述的转向架,其特征在于,所述基板上设置调节机构,所述调节机构设置在所述基板与传动件之间,用于调节所述传动件的横向位移,以使所述传动件的第一端与车轮之间保持预设距离。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的转向架,其特征在于,所述调节机构包括:调节弹簧和调节块;
    所述基板上设有中心线平行于所述横向方向的调节孔,所述调节弹簧容纳于所述调节孔内;所述调节弹簧的一端与所述调节块固定连接;所述调节块抵顶在所述传动件朝向导向块的一侧。
  17. 一种轨道车辆,其特征在于,包括如权利要求1-16任一项所述的转向架。
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