WO2020077689A1 - 转向架及轨道车辆 - Google Patents

转向架及轨道车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020077689A1
WO2020077689A1 PCT/CN2018/113512 CN2018113512W WO2020077689A1 WO 2020077689 A1 WO2020077689 A1 WO 2020077689A1 CN 2018113512 W CN2018113512 W CN 2018113512W WO 2020077689 A1 WO2020077689 A1 WO 2020077689A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
push rod
axle
locking
guide
disk
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/113512
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
许红江
张隶新
李兆盈
荆红伟
马永江
尹文龙
卢权
宋学毅
王家鑫
Original Assignee
中车唐山机车车辆有限公司
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Publication date
Application filed by 中车唐山机车车辆有限公司 filed Critical 中车唐山机车车辆有限公司
Publication of WO2020077689A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020077689A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/02—Arrangements permitting limited transverse relative movements between vehicle underframe or bolster and bogie; Connections between underframes and bogies
    • B61F5/04—Bolster supports or mountings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/26—Mounting or securing axle-boxes in vehicle or bogie underframes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/50—Other details
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/50—Other details
    • B61F5/52—Bogie frames
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F7/00—Rail vehicles equipped for use on tracks of different width

Definitions

  • the present application relates to rail vehicle structure technology, in particular to a bogie and rail vehicle.
  • Rail vehicles are generally divided into monorail trains and double-track trains, where double-track trains travel along two equal-distance tracks.
  • the gauge is the distance between two tracks. Most countries or regions use a uniform gauge, while some countries or regions have different gauges. Before a track train moves from one gauge track to another gauge track, it needs to change the track, that is, adjust the distance between two wheels connected to the same axle in the track train, so that the wheels The distance between them can adapt to the new gauge.
  • variable gauge bogies By investigating the research of variable gauge bogies in various countries around the world, some countries currently have varying degrees of research, development, testing and even operation of variable gauge bogies.
  • the inventor understands that the commonly used gauge-changing bogies include: two relatively movable half-frames and bolsters spanning between the two half-frames, and the two wheels on the wheelset are respectively arranged on the half-frames. It can move with the corresponding half-frame, and a locking structure is provided between the pillow beam and the half-frame.
  • the locking structure is first used to release the lock between the half-frame and the bolster, and then the two half-frames are driven to move toward or away from each other through the ground track change device, which in turn drives the two wheels to move toward each other or Move away from each other. After moving into place, the half-frame and bolster are locked by a locking structure to complete the process of changing the gauge.
  • the half frame Because the self-weight of the half frame and the wheels is large, and for the power bogie, the half frame is also provided with a heavier traction motor, therefore, the cooperation between the frame and the ground track changing device is required to be higher, and the ground change is required.
  • the rail device provides sufficient driving force to push the half frame to move, and the contact wear between the frame and the ground rail changing device is also serious.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a bogie and a rail vehicle, which can improve the above problems.
  • An embodiment of the first aspect of the present application provides a bogie, including:
  • the axle box is connected to the frame through a series of suspensions
  • the axle is connected to the axle box through a bearing;
  • the wheels are provided on the axle and can move relative to the axle in the axial direction; the wheels are provided with at least two sets of locking grooves, and the at least two sets of locking grooves are sequentially arranged along the axial direction;
  • the positioning disk is set on the axle and rotates synchronously with the axle;
  • the clamp includes: two symmetrically arranged jaws; the jaws have a first end, a second end, and a rotating portion between the first end and the second end, the rotating portion passes
  • the pin shaft is connected to the positioning disk;
  • the relief disk is provided on the positioning disk and rotates synchronously with the positioning disk; the relief disk can move in a first direction parallel to the axial direction to apply a force to the first end of the jaws, Rotating the jaws until the second end comes out of the locking groove; the relief disk can also move in a second direction opposite to the first direction to apply force to the first end of the jaws, So that the jaws rotate until the second end is inserted into the locking groove;
  • An unlocking device is provided on the axle box or frame, and is used to apply an axial thrust to the relief disk to enable the relief disk to move in the first direction.
  • An embodiment of the second aspect of the present application provides a rail vehicle, including: the bogie as described above.
  • the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present application is connected to the frame through a series of suspensions by adopting an axle box, the axle is connected to the axle box through bearings, the wheels are arranged on the axle and can move relative to the axle in the axial direction, and the wheels are also provided with edges At least two sets of locking grooves arranged in sequence in the axial direction; a positioning disc is also provided on the axle and rotates synchronously with the axle. The positioning disk rotates synchronously, and an unlocking device is provided on the axle box or the frame, which is used to apply an axial thrust to the relief disk to enable the relief disk to move in a first direction parallel to the axial direction
  • PCT180212 moves to apply force to the first end of the jaws to rotate the jaws until the second end comes out of the locking groove to unlock the wheels; the relief disk can also move in a second direction opposite to the first direction, The first end of the jaws is forced to rotate until the second end is inserted into the locking groove to lock the wheel.
  • the technical solution provided by this embodiment is to drive the wheels to move to achieve the orbit change, and to lock the wheels when they are in place, because the weight of the wheels is much smaller than the weight of the half frame The required driving force is small, which reduces the requirements for the ground changing device.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a bogie provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • Example 2 is a cross-sectional view of the wheel set and the axle box provided in Example 1 of the present application;
  • FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view 1 of a wheel set provided in Example 1 of this application;
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of area A in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view 2 of a wheel set provided in Example 1 of this application;
  • FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view 3 of the wheel set provided in Example 1 of the present application.
  • Example 7 is a partial cross-sectional view 4 of the wheel set provided in Example 1 of the present application.
  • Example 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a wheel provided in Example 1 of the present application.
  • Embodiment 10 is a schematic structural diagram of an axle provided by Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • Example 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a positioning disk provided in Example 1 of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a mitigation disk provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • Example 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a jaw provided by Example 1 of the present application.
  • Example 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a locking cover provided in Example 1 of the present application.
  • Example 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a dust cover provided in Example 1 of the present application.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of an unlocking device provided in Embodiment 2 of the present application.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic structural diagram 1 of a cooperation between a first push rod and a second push rod in the unlocking device provided in Embodiment 2 of the present application;
  • FIG. 18 is a second schematic structural diagram of the cooperation between the first push rod and the second push rod in the unlocking device provided in Embodiment 2 of the present application;
  • Example 20 is a schematic structural diagram of an axle box provided in Example 2 of the present application.
  • 21 is a partial cross-sectional view of the assembly of the axle box and the unlocking device provided in Embodiment 2 of the present application;
  • FIG. 22 is a schematic structural diagram of a ground track changing device provided in Embodiment 3 of the present application.
  • FIG. 26 is a lateral cross-sectional view of the unlocking rail in the ground rail changing device provided in Embodiment 3 of the present application.
  • 2-axle box 21-box body; 211-sixth shaft hole; 212-first mounting hole; 213-second mounting hole; 22-bearing; 23-support seat;
  • 3-wheel pair 31-axle; 311-spline groove; 32-wheel; 321-lock groove; 322-wheel body; 323-lock block; 324-wheel disc; 325-wheel hub; 3251-first shaft hole; 326 -Locking part; 327-spline;
  • 4-locking device 41-positioning disc; 411-2 second shaft hole; 412-accommodation gap; 42-relief disc; 421-third shaft hole; 422-connecting protrusion; 4221-first connecting hole; 423-guide Rod; 424-third connection hole; 43-jaws; 431-first end; 432-second end; 433-guide notch; 434-pin hole; 44-pin shaft; 45-lock cover; 451-section Four-axis hole; 452-limiting part; 4521-guide surface; 453-assembly part; 454-second connection hole; 46-dust cover; 461-fifth shaft hole; 47-first return spring;
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a bogie provided in Example 1 of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the wheel set and the axle box provided in Example 1 of the present application.
  • the bogie includes: a frame 1, an axle box 2, a wheel set 3, a locking device 4, and an unlocking device 5.
  • the frame 1 may be an "H" structure, including two longitudinal beams parallel to each other and extending in the longitudinal direction, and a transverse beam spanning between the middle portions of the two longitudinal beams.
  • the axle box 2 is connected to the frame 1 through a series of suspensions. Specifically, the number of axle boxes 2 is two, and each is connected to the end of the longitudinal beam through a series of suspensions.
  • the wheel set 3 includes: an axle 31 and wheels 32. Both ends of the axle 31 are respectively penetrated into an axle box 2 and connected to the axle box 2 through bearings 22.
  • the wheel 32 is provided on the axle 31 and is movable relative to the axle 31 in the axial direction of the axle 31.
  • Two wheels 32 are symmetrically arranged on one axle 31, the two wheels 32 move towards each other, the distance between the two is reduced to meet the requirements of narrow gauge, so that the bogie adapts to the narrow gauge track; the two wheels 32 move away from each other , The distance between the two is increased to meet the requirements of wide gauge, so that the bogie adapts to the wide gauge track.
  • the locking device 4 is used to lock the wheel 32 to a position that satisfies a narrow gauge or to a position that satisfies a wide gauge, so that the rail vehicle between the wheel 32 and the axle 31 does not need to be changed Relative position remains fixed.
  • At least two sets of locking grooves 321 are provided on the wheel 32, and at least two sets of locking grooves 321 are sequentially arranged in the axial direction.
  • Each group of locking grooves 321 includes two symmetrically arranged locking grooves 321, and the opening directions of the two locking grooves 321 are opposite.
  • the locking groove 321 may be provided on the hub of the wheel 32, or may be provided on the wheel disc. In this embodiment, the example is only provided on the hub.
  • FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view 1 of the wheel set provided in Example 1 of the present application
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the area A in FIG. 3.
  • the locking device 4 includes: a positioning disk 41, a relief disk 42 and a clamp.
  • the positioning disc 41 is provided on the axle 31 and fixedly connected with the axle 31 to rotate synchronously with the axle 31.
  • the clamp includes: two jaws 43 arranged symmetrically.
  • the jaw 43 has a first end 431, a second end 432, and a rotating portion located between the first end and the second end.
  • the rotating portion is connected to the positioning plate 41 through a pin 44 so that the jaw 43 can be pinned 44 is the rotation axis rotating relative to the positioning plate 41.
  • the relief disk 42 is provided on the positioning disk 41 and rotates synchronously with the positioning disk 41.
  • the unlocking device 5 is provided on the axle box 2 or the frame 1 to apply an axial thrust to the relief disk 42 so that the relief disk 42 can move in a first direction parallel to the axial direction to
  • the end 431 exerts a force to rotate the jaw 43 until the second end 432 comes out of the locking groove 321 to unlock the wheel 32.
  • the relief disk 42 can move in a second direction opposite to the first direction to apply force to the first end 431 of the jaw 43 to make the jaws
  • the claw 43 rotates until the second end 432 is inserted into the locking groove 321, and when the second end 432 is inserted into the locking groove 321, the wheel 32 is locked so that the relative position between the wheel 32 and the axle 31 remains fixed.
  • FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view 2 of the wheel set provided by Example 1 of the present application
  • FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view 3 of the wheel set provided by Example 1 of the present application
  • FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view 4 of the wheel set provided by Example 1 of the present application .
  • Figs. 3, 5, 6, and 7 the cooperation between the locking device 4 and the wheels 32 is shown in the process of changing from a narrow gauge to a wide gauge.
  • the wheel 32 is located at a narrow gauge position, and the second end of the jaw 43 is locked in the locking groove 321 to lock the wheel 32 at the current position.
  • the relief disk 42 moves to the right, and an axial thrust force is applied to the first end of the jaw 43 to cause the jaw 43 to rotate about the pin 44, so that the second end of the jaw 43 moves from the locking groove It comes out of 321 and unlocks the wheel 32.
  • the wheel 32 can move to the left under the driving action of the ground track changing device until it reaches the position of wide gauge.
  • the relief disk 42 can be moved to the left, and an axial pulling force is applied to the first end of the jaw 43 to cause the jaw 43 to rotate around the pin 44 and the second end of the jaw 43 is inserted and locked.
  • the wheel 32 is locked at the current position to complete the track change process.
  • the technical solution provided by this embodiment is connected to the frame through a series of suspensions by using an axle box, the axle is connected to the axle box through bearings, the wheels are arranged on the axle and can move relative to the axle in the axial direction, and the wheels are also provided along the axle At least two sets of locking grooves arranged in sequence in the direction; a positioning disc is also provided on the axle and rotates synchronously with the axle, two symmetrically arranged jaws are connected to the positioning disc through the pin shaft, and a relief disc is provided on the positioning disc and positioning The disc rotates synchronously, and the unlocking device is provided on the axle box or the frame, which is used to apply an axial thrust force to the relief disc to enable the relief disc to move in a first direction parallel to the axial direction, so as to apply the first end of the jaws.
  • the relief disk can also move in a second direction opposite to the first direction to apply force to the first end of the jaws so that It rotates until the second end is inserted into the locking groove to lock the wheel.
  • two jaws 43 are used to form a clamp, which are inserted into a set of locking grooves 321 respectively to clamp the wheel 32 from both sides of the hub to improve the reliability of locking.
  • Three locking portions may be provided on the hub, and the three locking portions are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction, which is equivalent to a center angle between two adjacent locking portions of 120 °.
  • Each locking portion is provided with at least two sets of locking grooves 321.
  • three clamps are provided, which are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction, and each corresponds to the position of one locking portion, so that one clamp is used to clamp one locking portion.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a wheel provided in Example 1 of the present application
  • FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of area B in FIG. 8.
  • the wheel 32 includes a wheel body 322 and a locking block 323.
  • the wheel body 322 has a wheel disc 324 and a hub 325 provided at the center of the wheel disc 324, and a center of the hub 325 is provided with a first shaft hole 3251 through which the axle 31 passes.
  • At least two locking portions 326 are evenly arranged on the outer circumferential surface of the hub 325.
  • three locking portions 326 are provided on the hub 325 and are evenly arranged along the outer circumferential surface of the hub 325.
  • Each locking portion 326 is provided with two locking notches (not shown in the figure) that are sequentially arranged in the axial direction.
  • a locking block 323 is provided in each locking notch, and locking grooves 321 are provided at both ends of the locking block 323.
  • the locking block 323 has an interference fit with the locking notch and is fastened in the locking notch.
  • a locking groove 321 may be directly provided on the locking portion 326.
  • the inner wall of the hub 325 is provided with a connecting key.
  • a key groove can be provided on the outer circumferential surface of the axle 31.
  • the connecting key is inserted into the key groove to enable the wheel 32 and the axle 31 to rotate synchronously, and the wheel 32 can be relative to the axle 31 Move in the axial direction.
  • FIGS. 2, 9 and 10 are schematic structural diagram of an axle provided by Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • the connection key on the inner wall of the hub 325 is a spline 327.
  • a spline groove 311 is provided on the axle 31 to cooperate with the spline 327.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a positioning disk provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • the positioning plate 41 has a second shaft hole 411, which is sleeved on the axle 31 through the second shaft hole 411.
  • the axle 31 and the second axle hole 411 have an interference fit, so that the positioning plate 41 and the axle 31 can rotate synchronously.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a relief disk provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • the relief disk 42 is provided with a third shaft hole 421 through which the axle 31 passes.
  • the relief disk 42 rotates synchronously with the positioning disk 41 and can also move in the axial direction relative to the positioning disk 41.
  • a first driving structure is provided on the positioning disk 41
  • a second driving structure is provided on the relief disk 42. The second driving structure cooperates with the first driving structure, so that the positioning disk 41 rotates with the axle 31 while driving the mitigation disk 42 to rotate.
  • the first driving structure is a receiving gap 412 provided on the positioning disk 41.
  • the positioning plate 41 is provided with three accommodating notches 412, which are evenly arranged along the circumferential direction.
  • the second driving structure is a connection protrusion 422 provided on the relief disk 42, and the connection protrusion 422 is provided on an end surface of the relief disk 42 facing the positioning disk 41.
  • the number of the connecting protrusions 422 is three, which are respectively inserted into a receiving recess 412.
  • the accommodating notch 412 applies a rotating force to the connecting protrusion 422, thereby driving the relief disk 42 to rotate together.
  • the axial length of the connecting protrusion 422 can be set according to the thickness of the positioning disk 41, so that the mitigating disk 42 will not move out of the accommodating notch 412 when it moves to the extreme position to the left and to the extreme position to the right.
  • a first guide structure is provided at the first end 431 of the jaw 43, and a second guide structure is provided at the end surface of the relief disk 42 facing the jaw 43.
  • the second guide structure cooperates with the first guide structure to pass the first guide structure A force in the axial direction is applied to the first end 431.
  • the first guide structure is specifically a guide notch 433, which is provided at the first end 431.
  • the opening of the guide notch 433 faces the relief disk 42, the center line of the guide notch 433 is an arc, and the extending direction of the center line is substantially the same as the extending direction of the first end 431.
  • the second guide structure is a guide rod 423 that can be accommodated in the guide notch 433.
  • the guide bar 423 is provided on the relief disk 42, specifically on the above-mentioned connecting protrusion 422, and the guide bar 423 is perpendicular to the surface of the jaw 43.
  • the middle portion of the jaw 43 is also provided with a pin hole 434 for inserting the pin shaft 44.
  • connection protrusion 422 includes two connection plates arranged in parallel.
  • the two connection plates are provided with first connection holes 4221.
  • the guide rod 423 is inserted into the first connection holes 4221 and is located between the two connections. Between boards.
  • the first end 431 of the jaw 43 may be located at a corresponding position between the two connection plates, or may be located outside the outer connection plate, which is a connection plate away from the center of the relief disk 42.
  • the guide bar 423 may be replaced with a convex structure.
  • the connecting protrusion 422 may also be used to directly push the surface of the first end 431 of the jaw 43, thereby pushing the jaw 43 to rotate.
  • it can also be implemented in other ways, which is not limited in this embodiment.
  • a locking cover 45 is further included, which is connected to the relief disk 42. It rotates and moves synchronously with the relief disk 42.
  • a locking portion 452 is provided on the inner side of the locking cover 45 for limiting the second end 432 to be inserted into the locking groove 321 after the second end 432 of the jaw 43 is inserted into the locking groove 321.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a locking cover provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • the lock cover 45 has a fourth shaft hole 451 through which the axle 31 passes.
  • the locking cover 45 is sleeved on the axle 31 through the fourth axle hole 451 and is located between the relief disk 42 and the wheel 31.
  • the locking cover 45 is provided with a limiting portion 452, and the limiting portion 452 has a convex structure. After the second end 432 of the jaw 43 is inserted into the locking groove 321, the convex structure on the limiting portion 452 is pressed against the second end 432 to prevent the second end 432 from coming out of the locking groove 321.
  • the locking cover 45 is provided with six limit portions 452, two limit portions 452 are a group, and the three sets of limit portions 452 are evenly arranged along the circumferential direction.
  • a set of limiting portions 452 is used to limit one clamp, that is, one limiting portion 452 is used to press against one jaw 43.
  • a guide surface 4521 is also provided on the limiting portion 452, and the guide surface 4521 is located on the side facing the relief disk 42.
  • the locking cover 45 and the relief disk 42 move synchronously in the axial direction.
  • the guide surface 4521 contacts the back of the spine of the second end 432 of the jaw 43 to guide the process of the second end 432 coming out of the locking groove 321 to avoid the second end 432 The opening angle is too large.
  • the locking cover 45 is fixedly connected to the relief disk 42, and the two are synchronized to move in the axial direction and rotate synchronously.
  • a protruding fitting portion 453 is provided on the inner wall of the locking cover 45, and a second connecting hole 454 is provided on the fitting portion 453.
  • the second connecting hole 454 is a threaded hole, and its center line is The axial direction is parallel.
  • a third connection hole 424 is provided on the relief disk 42, and the number and position of the third connection hole 424 correspond to the second connection hole 454 to sequentially pass through the third connection hole through bolts 424 and the second connection hole 454 are fixed.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a dust cover provided in Example 1 of the present application.
  • a dust cover 46 may also be provided between the locking cover 45 and the wheel 32.
  • the dust cover 46 has a fifth shaft hole 461, which is sleeved on the axle 31 through the fifth shaft hole 461 .
  • the dust cover 46 has a first end and a second end in the axial direction. The first end surrounds the outer side of the lock cover 45, and the second end is connected to the wheel 32, for example, can be bolted to the wheel disk of the wheel 32 324.
  • a seal is provided between the first end of the dust cover 46 and the locking cover 45, such as a rubber ring, a sponge ring, etc., to seal the gap between the dust cover 46 and the locking cover 45 to avoid the outside world Impurity particles, water vapor, etc. enter the locking device 4 and affect the movement of the jaws 43.
  • This embodiment optimizes the implementation of the bogie based on the above embodiments.
  • the driving force for moving the mitigating disk 42 in the first direction may be provided by the ground track changing device, or may be provided by a driving mechanism provided on the frame.
  • This embodiment provides a method provided by the ground track changing device.
  • the unlocking device 5 may be used in cooperation with the ground track changing device to apply thrust in the first direction to the relief disk 42 to push the relief disk 42 to move in the first direction.
  • the unlocking device 5 includes a first push rod 51 and a second push rod 52.
  • the first push rod 51 extends in the vertical direction and is provided with a first guide slope.
  • the second push rod 52 extends in the axial direction, and is provided with a second guide slope, and the second guide slope is in contact with the first guide slope to move the first push rod 51 in a third direction parallel to the vertical direction It can drive the second push rod 52 to move in the first direction to apply axial thrust to the relief disk 42.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic structural diagram 1 of the cooperation between the first push rod and the second push rod in the unlocking device provided in Example 2 of the present application
  • FIG. 18 is the first push rod and the second push rod in the unlocking device provided in Example 2 of the present application.
  • Schematic diagram II of the structure. 17 and 18 show views where the first push rod 51 moves and pushes the second push rod 52 to move.
  • the unlocking device 5 is in a non-working state, the bogie is in a running state, and is in a non-track changing state. Specifically, the first push rod 51 is located at the bottom, and the second push rod 52 is located at the left end.
  • the ground track changing device drives the first push rod 51 to move upward, and applies a thrust force perpendicular to the second guide slope 521 to the second guide slope 521 through the first guide slope 511, and the thrust is divided in the axial direction
  • the force causes the second push rod 52 to move to the right (ie: to move in the first direction).
  • the ground track changing device can also drive the first push rod 51 to move downward, and the second push rod 52 moves to the left (that is, toward the second direction) under the push of the relief disk 42.
  • a guide roller 522 may also be provided on the second push rod 52, and the rolling surface of the guide roller 522 is in contact with the first guide inclined surface 511.
  • the first guide slope 511 applies a radial thrust to the guide roller 522, and a component of the thrust in the axial direction causes the second push rod 52 to move in the first direction.
  • the use of rolling friction between the guide roller 522 and the first guide inclined surface 511 improves the smoothness of the movement of the second push rod 52, and prevents the friction force between the plane and the plane from causing the second push rod 52 to be stuck, which in turn The locking device 4 cannot be unlocked.
  • the guide roller 522 is directly provided at the end of the second push rod 52 without the need to provide the second guide inclined surface 521, and the above effect can also be achieved.
  • the second push rod 52 can be limited in an appropriate manner, and the second push rod 52 can only be moved in the first direction or in the opposite direction to the first direction, and cannot move up and down.
  • the driving force for moving the mitigation disk 42 in the first direction is provided by a driving mechanism provided on the frame.
  • the mitigation disk 42 may be moved in a hydraulic or pneumatic manner, and there may be many specific implementation methods.
  • the driving force for the above-mentioned mitigation disk 42 to move in the second direction may be provided by a driving mechanism provided on the frame, for example, using a pneumatic or hydraulic driving method. Alternatively, you can also use the following methods:
  • a first return spring 47 is provided between the relief disk 42 and the positioning disk 41.
  • a pressure is applied to the first return spring 47 to urge it to compress, accumulating elastic potential energy.
  • the elastic potential energy of the first return spring 47 is converted into a rebound force, pushing the relief disk 42 to move in the second direction.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic structural diagram of the cooperation between the unlocking device and the axle provided by Embodiment 2 of the present application. As shown in FIG. 19, the number of the first push rod 51 and the second push rod 52 are two, and are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the axle 31 in the horizontal direction.
  • the unlocking device 5 does not rotate.
  • the second push rod 52 comes into contact with the relief disk 42 and provides thrust, there is relative movement between the end of the second push rod 52 and the relief disk 42 and the wear is more serious.
  • a friction reducing roller 523 is provided, and the wheel surface of the friction reducing roller 523 is used to contact the end surface of the relief disk 42 to make rolling friction between them To reduce wear.
  • the unlocking device 5 further includes: an unlocking bracket 53 connected to the bottom ends of the two first push rods 51, and the unlocking bracket 53 receives the driving force of the ground changing device and transmits it to the two first pushers at the same time ⁇ 51 ⁇ Rod 51.
  • the structure of the unlocking bracket 53 can be set according to the structure of the ground track changing device, so as to adapt it to the ground track changing device, so as to more accurately contact the ground track changing device and receive driving force during the travel of the rail vehicle.
  • an unlocking roller 54 is provided at the bottom of the unlocking bracket 53 for rolling contact with the ground track changing device and receiving driving force.
  • a connecting shaft 531 is provided at the bottom of the unlocking bracket 53 for assembling the unlocking roller 54.
  • the wheel surface of the unlocking roller 54 is in contact with the ground track changing device, and there is rolling friction between the two.
  • the unlocking device 5 may be provided on the frame 1 or the axle box 2.
  • This embodiment provides a way of being provided on the axle box 2.
  • Those skilled in the art can also directly apply the specific implementation manner provided in this embodiment or apply appropriate modifications to the frame 1.
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic structural view of the axle box provided by Embodiment 2 of the present application
  • FIG. 21 is a partial cross-sectional view of the assembly of the axle box and the unlocking device provided by Embodiment 2 of the present application.
  • the axle box 2 includes a box body 21 and a bearing 22.
  • the casing 21 is provided with a shaft hole (referred to as: a sixth shaft hole 211) through which the axle 31 passes
  • the bearing 22 is disposed in the sixth shaft hole 211, the outer ring of the bearing 22 and the sixth shaft hole 211 Of the side walls are interference fit.
  • the box 21 is also provided with a first mounting hole 212 through which the first push rod 51 passes, and a second mounting hole 213 through which the second push rod 52 passes, and the first mounting hole 212 communicates with the second mounting hole 213 .
  • the first push rod 51 can move in the first mounting hole 212 and the second push rod 52 can move in the second mounting hole 213.
  • the first push rod 51 and the second push rod 52 are matched by corresponding guide slopes or guide rollers where the two mounting holes intersect.
  • the second mounting hole 213 restricts the moving direction of the second push rod 52 to be only parallel to the first direction.
  • the center line of the first mounting hole 212 extends in the vertical direction
  • the center line of the second mounting hole 213 extends in the horizontal direction, parallel to the first direction.
  • a second return spring 55 is also provided, which abuts between the bottom wall of the first mounting hole 212 and the first push rod 51.
  • the first push rod 51 moves upward, it urges the second return spring 55 to compress, accumulating elastic potential energy.
  • the rebound force of the second return spring 55 can push the first push rod 51 downward.
  • a support base 23 may also be provided on the bottom surface of the box 21, and the support base 23 may be fixed to the bottom of the box 21 by bolting.
  • the bottom surface of the support base 23 is a flat surface, which is used for overlapping on the ground rail changing device, and the ground rail changing device plays a role of supporting the axle box 2.
  • This embodiment provides a ground track changing device for driving the wheels 32 to move in the axial direction, and for driving the unlocking device 5 to operate.
  • FIG. 22 is a schematic structural diagram of a ground track changing device provided in Embodiment 3 of the present application. As shown in FIG. 22, the ground rail changing device is provided between the first rail 61 and the second rail 62. It is assumed that the first rail 61 has a smaller gauge than the second rail 62.
  • the ground track changing device includes: a guide rail 71 and an unlocking rail 72.
  • the guide rail 71 is used to apply a pushing force to the wheels 32 to promote the wheels 32 to move toward or away from each other in the axial direction.
  • the unlocking rail 72 is used to support the axle box 2 and is also used to apply a pushing force to the unlocking device 5 to cause the unlocking device 5 to move, thereby driving the locking device 4 to unlock the wheels 32.
  • the guide rail 71 includes two pairs of rails, which are used to connect each single rail of the first rail 61 and the second rail 62, respectively.
  • the centerline of each pair of rails is at an angle with the centerline of the first rail 61 and also with the centerline of the second rail 62.
  • FIG. 23 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the ground track changing device provided in Example 3 of the present application
  • FIG. 24 is a partial view of an unlocking rail in the ground track changing device provided in Example 3 of the present application
  • FIG. 25 is provided in Example 3 of the present application Longitudinal cross-sectional view of the unlocking rail in the ground track changing device.
  • the unlocking rail 72 includes a rail body 721 and a support roller 722 provided on the rail body 721.
  • the number of the support rollers 722 is plural, and the axis thereof is parallel to the first direction, and is used to support the support base 23 on the axle box 2.
  • An unlocking platform 723 is provided on the inner side of the rail body 721.
  • the top surface of the unlocking platform 723 is in the form of a middle height with both ends gradually lowering in the direction of rail vehicle travel, as shown in FIGS. 24 and 25.
  • the unlocking table 723 is used to contact the unlocking roller 54 in the unlocking device 5 and push the first push rod 51 to rise first and then descend through the top surface whose height changes.
  • the support base 23 overlaps the support roller 722 and there is rolling friction with the support roller 722.
  • the unlocking table 723 pushes the first push rod 51 to move upward, drives the second push rod 52 to move in the first direction, and pushes the relief disk 42 to move in the first direction, applying axial thrust to the jaws 43 to rotate it until the jaws The second end of 43 comes out of the locking groove 321 to unlock the wheel 32.
  • the two wheels 32 move away from each other, and the distance between them increases. After that, the height of the top surface of the unlocking table 723 decreases, and no upward thrust is applied to the unlocking roller 54, which is equivalent to the unlocking device 5 not applying thrust in the first direction to the relief disk 42. Then, under the action of the rebound force of the first return spring 47, the relief disk 42 moves in the second direction, driving the jaws 43 to rotate the second end 432 into the other locking groove 321, locking the wheel 32 at the new gauge position Office. In addition, the relief disk 42 moves in the second direction and also pushes the second push rod 52 to move in the second direction. Under the action of the rebound force of the second return spring 55, the first push rod 51 moves downward.
  • FIG. 26 is a lateral cross-sectional view of the unlocking rail in the ground rail changing device provided in Embodiment 3 of the present application.
  • a guide roller 724 is provided on the side of the rail body 721 facing the axle box 2, the number of the guide roller 724 is plural, and the axis direction is parallel to the vertical direction.
  • the number of guide rollers 724 is plural, and they are arranged in order along the direction in which the rail vehicle travels.
  • the guide roller 724 is used to contact the support base 23 in the axle box 2 and to perform rolling friction with the support base 23.
  • This embodiment provides a rail vehicle, including: the bogie provided by any one of the foregoing.
  • the above-mentioned bogie is adopted, and the axle box is connected to the frame through a series of suspensions.
  • the axle is connected to the axle box through bearings.
  • the wheels are arranged on the axle to move relative to the axle in the axial direction.
  • the wheels are also provided along the axle At least two sets of locking grooves arranged in sequence in the direction; a positioning disc is also provided on the axle and rotates synchronously with the axle, two symmetrically arranged jaws are connected to the positioning disc through the pin shaft, and a relief disc is provided on the positioning disc and positioning The disc rotates synchronously, and the unlocking device is provided on the axle box or the frame, which is used to apply an axial thrust force to the relief disc to enable the relief disc to move in a first direction parallel to the axial direction, so as to apply the first end of the jaws.
  • the relief disk can also move in a second direction opposite to the first direction to apply force to the first end of the jaws so that It rotates until the second end is inserted into the locking groove to lock the wheel.
  • first and second are used for description purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated.
  • the features defined as “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.
  • the meaning of “plurality” is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically limited.
  • the terms “installation”, “connected”, “connected”, “fixed” and other terms should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection , Or integrated; it can be mechanical connection, electrical connection or can communicate with each other; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, it can be the connection between two components or the interaction between two components.
  • installation can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection , Or integrated; it can be mechanical connection, electrical connection or can communicate with each other; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, it can be the connection between two components or the interaction between two components.

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Abstract

一种转向架，包括：构架（1）；轴箱（2）；车轴（31）；车轮（32）设置在车轴（31）上，可沿轴向方向移动；车轮（32）上设置有沿轴向方向依次排布的至少两组锁定槽（321）；定位盘（41），设置在车轴（31）上与车轴（31）同步转动；夹钳；包括对称设置的两个钳爪（43）；钳爪（43）通过销轴（44）与定位盘（41）相连；缓解盘（42），设置在定位盘（41）上与定位盘（41）同步转动；缓解盘（42）沿第一方向移动对钳爪（43）施力，以使钳爪（43）转动至从锁定槽（321）脱出；缓解盘（42）沿第二方向移动，以对钳爪（43）施力使钳爪（43）转动至插入锁定槽（321）；解锁装置（5），设置在轴箱（2）或构架（1）上，用于对缓解盘（42）施加轴向推力，以使缓解盘（42）能够沿第一方向移动。还提供了一种使用该转向架的轨道车辆。该转向架及轨道车辆，能够降低对地面变轨装置的要求。

Description

转向架及轨道车辆 技术领域
本申请涉及轨道车辆结构技术，尤其涉及一种转向架及轨道车辆。
背景技术
轨道车辆通常分为单轨列车和双轨列车，其中，双轨列车是沿着两条等距离的轨道行驶。轨距为两条轨道之间的距离，大多数国家或地区采用统一的轨距，而某些国家或地区的轨距是不同的。当轨道列车从一种轨距的轨道驶入另一种轨距的轨道之前，需要进行变轨操作，即：调整轨道列车中连接在同一条车轴上的两个车轮之间的距离，使车轮之间的距离能够适应新的轨距。
通过调研世界各国对变轨距转向架的研究，目前一些国家都有不同程度的变轨距转向架的研究、研制、试验甚至运营工作。发明人了解到，常用的变轨距转向架包括：可相对移动的两个半构架以及横跨在两个半构架之间的枕梁，轮对上的两个车轮分别设置在半构架上，可随对应的半构架一起移动，在枕梁和半构架之间设置有锁紧结构。在变轨距的过程中，先通过锁紧结构解除半构架和枕梁之间的锁定，然后通过地面变轨装置驱动两个半构架相向移动或相背移动，进而带动两个车轮相向移动或相背移动，移动到位后通过锁紧结构将半构架和枕梁锁定，完成变轨距过程。
由于半构架和车轮的自重较大，而且对于动力转向架而言，半构架上还设置有较重的牵引电机，因此，对构架与地面变轨装置之间的配合要求较高，需要地面变轨装置提供足够的驱动力才能推动半构架移动，并且，构架与地面变轨装置之间的接触磨损也较为严重。
发明内容
本申请实施例中提供了一种转向架及轨道车辆，能够改善上述问题。
本申请第一方面实施例提供一种转向架，包括：
构架；
轴箱，通过一系悬架与所述构架相连；
车轴，通过轴承与所述轴箱相连；
车轮，设置在所述车轴上，可沿轴向方向相对于所述车轴移动；所述车轮上设置有至少两组锁定槽，至少两组锁定槽沿所述轴向方向依次排布；
定位盘，设置在所述车轴上，与所述车轴同步转动；
夹钳；所述夹钳包括：对称设置的两个钳爪；所述钳爪具有第一端、第二端、以及位于第一端和第二端之间的转动部，所述转动部通过销轴与所述定位盘相连；
缓解盘，设置在所述定位盘上，与所述定位盘同步转动；所述缓解盘能够沿与轴向方向平行的第一方向移动，以对所述钳爪的第一端施力，以使所述钳爪转动至所述第二端从所述锁定槽脱出；所述缓解盘还能够沿与第一方向相反的第二方向移动，以对所述钳爪的第一端施力，以使所述钳爪转动至所述第二端插入所述锁定槽；
解锁装置，设置在所述轴箱或构架上，用于对所述缓解盘施加轴向推力，以使所述缓解盘能够沿所述第一方向移动。
本申请第二方面实施例提供一种轨道车辆，包括：如上所述的转向架。
本申请实施例提供的技术方案，通过采用轴箱通过一系悬挂与构架相连，车轴通过轴承与轴箱相连，车轮设置在车轴上可沿轴向方向相对于车轴移动，车轮上还设置有沿轴向方向依次排布的至少两组锁定槽；还采用定位盘设置在车轴上与车轴同步转动，对称设置的两个钳爪通过销轴与定位盘相连，采用缓解盘设置在定位盘上与定位盘同步转动，采用解锁装置设置在轴箱或构架上，用于对缓解盘施加轴向推力以使缓解盘能够沿与轴向方向平行的第一方向移
PCT180212动，以对钳爪的第一端施力，使钳爪转动至其第二端从锁定槽脱出，实现对车轮进行解锁；缓解盘还能够沿与第一方向相反的第二方向移动，以对钳爪的第一端施力，使其转动至第二端插入锁定槽内，对车轮进行锁定。相比于已有技术中移动构架的方式，本实施例所提供的技术方案是驱动车轮移动实现变轨，并在车轮移动到位时进行锁定，由于车轮的重量远小于半构架的重量，其变轨所需的驱动力较小，降低了对地面变轨装置的要求。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解，构成本申请的一部分，本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请，并不构成对本申请的不当限定。在附图中：
图1为本申请实施例一提供的转向架的结构示意图；
图2为本申请实施例一提供的轮对与轴箱相连的剖视图；
图3为本申请实施例一提供的轮对的局部剖视图一；
图4为图3中A区域的放大视图；
图5为本申请实施例一提供的轮对的局部剖视图二；
图6为本申请实施例一提供的轮对的局部剖视图三；
图7为本申请实施例一提供的轮对的局部剖视图四；
图8为本申请实施例一提供的车轮的结构示意图；
图9为图8中B区域的放大视图；
图10为本申请实施例一提供的车轴的结构示意图；
图11为本申请实施例一提供的定位盘的结构示意图；
图12为本申请实施例一提供的缓解盘的结构示意图；
图13为本申请实施例一提供的钳爪的结构示意图；
图14为本申请实施例一提供的锁紧盖的结构示意图；
图15为本申请实施例一提供的防尘罩的结构示意图；
图16为本申请实施例二提供的解锁装置的结构示意图；
图17为本申请实施例二提供的解锁装置中第一推杆与第二推杆配合的结构示意图一；
图18为本申请实施例二提供的解锁装置中第一推杆与第二推杆配合的结构示意图二；
图19为本申请实施例二提供的解锁装置与车轴配合的结构示意图；
图20为本申请实施例二提供的轴箱的结构示意图；
图21为本申请实施例二提供的轴箱与解锁装置装配的局部剖视图；
图22为本申请实施例三提供的地面变轨装置的结构示意图；
图23为本申请实施例三提供的地面变轨装置的纵向断面图；
图24为本申请实施例三提供的地面变轨装置中解锁轨的局部视图；
图25为本申请实施例三提供的地面变轨装置中解锁轨的纵向剖视图；
图26为本申请实施例三提供的地面变轨装置中解锁轨的横向剖视图。
附图标记：
1-构架；
2-轴箱；21-箱体；211-第六轴孔；212-第一安装孔；213-第二安装孔；22-轴承；23-支撑座；
3-轮对；31-车轴；311-花键槽；32-车轮；321-锁定槽；322-轮体；323-锁定块；324-轮盘；325-轮毂；3251-第一轴孔；326-锁定部；327-花键；
4-锁定装置；41-定位盘；411-第二轴孔；412-容纳缺口；42-缓解盘；421-第三轴孔；422-连接凸起；4221-第一连接孔；423-导向杆；424-第三连接孔；43-钳爪；431-第一端；432-第二端；433-导向缺口；434-销孔；44-销轴；45-锁紧盖；451-第四轴孔；452-限位部；4521-导向面；453-装配部；454-第二连接孔；46-防尘罩；461-第五轴孔；47-第一复位弹簧；
5-解锁装置；51-第一推杆；511-第一导向斜面；52-第二推杆；521-第二导向斜面；522-导向滚轮；523-减磨滚轮；53-解锁支架；531-连接轴；54-解锁滚轮；55-第二复位弹簧；
61-第一轨道；62-第二轨道；
71-导向轨；72-解锁轨；721-轨体；722-支撑辊；723-解锁台；724-导向辊。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请实施例中的技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图对本申请的示例性实施例进行进一步详细的说明，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本申请的一部分实施例，而不是所有实施例的穷举。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
实施例一
本实施例提供一种转向架，适用于轨道车辆，使得轨道车辆能够在不同轨距的轨道之间切换。图1为本申请实施例一提供的转向架的结构示意图，图2为本申请实施例一提供的轮对与轴箱相连的剖视图。如图1和图2所示，该转向架包括：构架1、轴箱2、轮对3、锁定装置4和解锁装置5。其中，构架1可以为“H”形结构，包括两个相互平行且沿纵向方向延伸的纵梁、以及横跨在两个纵梁中部之间的横梁。
轴箱2通过一系悬挂与构架1相连。具体的，轴箱2的数量为两个，各自通过一系悬挂与纵梁的端部相连。
轮对3包括：车轴31和车轮32。车轴31的两端分别穿设在一个轴箱2内，通过轴承22与轴箱2相连。车轮32设置在车轴31上，可沿车轴31的轴向方向相对于车轴31移动。一个车轴31上对称设置有两个车轮32，两个车轮32相向移动，二者之间的距离减小至满足窄轨距的要求，使得转向架适应窄轨轨道；两个车轮32相背移动，二者之间的距离增大至满足宽轨距的要求，使得转向架适应宽轨轨道。
锁定装置4用于将车轮32锁定至满足窄轨距的位置处，或锁定至满足宽轨距的位置处，以使轨道车辆在不需要进行变轨的过程中，车轮32与车轴31之间的相对位置保持固定。
本实施例中，在车轮32上设置有至少两组锁定槽321，至少两组锁定槽321沿轴向方向依次排布。每组锁定槽321包括两个对称设置的锁定槽321，这两个锁定槽321的开口方向相反。锁定槽321可设置在车轮32的轮毂上，也可以设置在轮盘上，本实施例中，仅以设置在轮毂上为例。
图3为本申请实施例一提供的轮对的局部剖视图一，图4为图3中A区域的放大视图。如图3和图4所示，锁定装置4包括：定位盘41、缓解盘42和夹钳。其中，定位盘41设置在车轴31上，与车轴31固定连接，以与车轴31同步转动。
夹钳包括：对称设置的两个钳爪43。钳爪43具有第一端431、第二端432、以及位于第一端和第二端之间的转动部，转动部通过销轴44与定位盘41相连，以使钳爪43能够以销轴44为转动轴相对于定位盘41转动。
缓解盘42设置在定位盘41上，与定位盘41同步转动。解锁装置5设置在轴箱2或构架1上，用于对缓解盘42施加轴向推力，以使缓解盘42能够沿与轴向方向平行的第一方向移动，以对钳爪43的第一端431施力，以使钳爪43转动至第二端432从锁定槽321脱出，实现对车轮32解锁。
当解锁装置5的轴向推力消失时，在其它部件的作用下，缓解盘42能够沿与第一方向相反的第二方向移动，以对钳爪43的第一端431施力，以使钳爪43转动至第二端432插入锁定槽321，当第二端432插入锁定槽321时，将车轮32锁定，使得车轮32与车轴31之间的相对位置保持固定。
图5为本申请实施例一提供的轮对的局部剖视图二，图6为本申请实施例一提供的轮对的局部剖视图三，图7为本申请实施例一提供的轮对的局部剖视图四。如图3、5、6、7依次展示了从窄轨距变换至宽轨距的过程中，锁定装置4与车轮32之间的配合。
如图3所示，车轮32位于窄轨距的位置处，钳爪43的第二端卡紧在锁定槽321内，将车轮32锁定在当前位置。
如图5所示，缓解盘42向右移动，对钳爪43的第一端施加轴向方向的推 力，促使钳爪43绕着销轴44转动，使钳爪43的第二端从锁定槽321内脱出，将车轮32解锁。
如图6所示，车轮32可以在地面变轨装置的驱动作用下向左移动，直至到达宽轨距的位置。
如图7所示，缓解盘42可以向左移动，对钳爪43的第一端施加轴向方向的拉力，促使钳爪43绕着销轴44转动，使钳爪43的第二端插入锁定槽321内，将车轮32锁定在当前位置，完成变轨过程。
本实施例提供的技术方案，通过采用轴箱通过一系悬挂与构架相连，车轴通过轴承与轴箱相连，车轮设置在车轴上可沿轴向方向相对于车轴移动，车轮上还设置有沿轴向方向依次排布的至少两组锁定槽；还采用定位盘设置在车轴上与车轴同步转动，对称设置的两个钳爪通过销轴与定位盘相连，采用缓解盘设置在定位盘上与定位盘同步转动，采用解锁装置设置在轴箱或构架上，用于对缓解盘施加轴向推力以使缓解盘能够沿与轴向方向平行的第一方向移动，以对钳爪的第一端施力，使钳爪转动至其第二端从锁定槽脱出，实现对车轮进行解锁；缓解盘还能够沿与第一方向相反的第二方向移动，以对钳爪的第一端施力，使其转动至第二端插入锁定槽内，对车轮进行锁定。相比于已有技术中移动构架的方式，本实施例所提供的技术方案是驱动车轮移动实现变轨，并在车轮移动到位时进行锁定，由于车轮的重量远小于半构架的重量，其变轨所需的驱动力较小，降低了对地面变轨装置的要求。
而且采用两个钳爪43构成夹钳，分别插入一组锁定槽321内，从轮毂的两侧夹紧车轮32，提高锁定的可靠性。
在轮毂上可设置有三个锁紧部，三个锁紧部沿周向方向均匀排布，相当于相邻两个锁紧部之间的圆心角为120°。每个锁紧部上均设置有至少两组锁定槽321。对应的，设置三个夹钳，沿周向方向均匀排布，且各自与一个锁紧部位置对应，以使一个夹钳用于夹紧一个锁紧部。
除了采用上述方案之外，在轮毂上设置两个锁紧部，对应设置两个夹钳也 是可以的。当然，设置四个以上锁紧部及四个以上夹钳也是可以的，本实施例不做限定。
图8为本申请实施例一提供的车轮的结构示意图，图9为图8中B区域的放大视图。如图4、8、9所示，车轮32包括：轮体322和锁定块323。
其中，轮体322具有轮盘324和设置在轮盘324中心的轮毂325，轮毂325的中心设置有供车轴31穿过的第一轴孔3251。轮毂325的外圆周面均匀设置有至少两个锁定部326，图8和图9中，轮毂325上设置有三个锁定部326，沿轮毂325的外圆周面均匀排布。每个锁定部326上设有沿轴向方向依次排布的两个锁定缺口(图中未标识)。每个锁定缺口内设置一个锁定块323，锁定块323的两端均设有锁定槽321。锁定块323与锁定缺口过盈配合，紧固在锁定缺口内。
除了采用上述锁定块323的方式之外，还可以直接在锁定部326上设置锁定槽321。
轮毂325的内壁设有连接键，对应的，可在车轴31的外圆周面上设有键槽，连接键插入键槽内，以使车轮32与车轴31能够同步转动，且车轮32能够相对于车轴31沿轴向方向移动。
图10为本申请实施例一提供的车轴的结构示意图。如图2、图9和图10所示，轮毂325内壁上的连接键为花键327，对应的，在车轴31上设置花键槽311，与花键327配合。
图11为本申请实施例一提供的定位盘的结构示意图。如图11所示，上述定位盘41具有第二轴孔411，通过第二轴孔411套设在车轴31上。车轴31与第二轴孔411过盈配合，以使定位盘41与车轴31能够同步转动。
图12为本申请实施例一提供的缓解盘的结构示意图。如图12所示，缓解盘42设置有供车轴31穿过的第三轴孔421。缓解盘42与定位盘41同步转动，还能够相对于定位盘41沿轴向方向移动。具体的，在定位盘41上设置有第一驱动结构，在缓解盘42上设置第二驱动结构。第二驱动结构与第一驱动结构 相配合，以使定位盘41随车轴31转动的同时能够带动缓解盘42转动。
例如可采用如下方式：第一驱动结构为设置在定位盘41上的容纳缺口412。如图11所示，定位盘41上设置有三个容纳缺口412，沿周向均匀排布。第二驱动结构为设置在缓解盘42上的连接凸起422，连接凸起422设置在缓解盘42朝向定位盘41的端面上。连接凸起422的数量为三个，分别对应插入一个容纳缺口412内。当定位盘41随车轴31转动时，容纳缺口412对连接凸起422施加转动力，进而带动缓解盘42一起转动。连接凸起422的轴向长度可根据定位盘41的厚度来设定，以使缓解盘42向左移动到极限位置以及向右移动到极限位置均不会从容纳缺口412内脱出。
除了上述方式之外，还可以采用其它的方式使得缓解盘42能够与定位盘41同步转动，例如：在定位盘41上设置凸起，对应在缓解盘42上设置凹槽等方式。
对于缓解盘42驱动钳爪43转动的方式，可采用多种手段来实现，本实施例提供一种具体的实现方式：
在钳爪43的第一端431设置有第一导向结构，在缓解盘42朝向钳爪43的端面设置有第二导向结构，第二导向结构与第一导向结构配合，以通过第一导向结构对第一端431施加沿轴向方向的力。
图13为本申请实施例一提供的钳爪的结构示意图。如图4和图13所示，第一导向结构具体为导向缺口433，设置在第一端431。导向缺口433的开口朝向缓解盘42，导向缺口433的中心线为弧线，该中心线的延伸方向与第一端431的延伸方向大致相同。第二导向结构为可容纳于上述导向缺口433内的导向杆423。导向杆423设置在缓解盘42上，具体是设置在上述连接凸起422上，导向杆423与钳爪43的表面垂直。钳爪43的中间部分还设置有销孔434，用于插设销轴44。
从图3至图7的视图角度来看，当缓解盘42向右移动时，导向杆423插入导向缺口433内，在导向缺口433内移动的过程中对钳爪43的第一端431 产生推力，促使钳爪43逆时针转动，以使第二端432从锁定槽321内脱出，相当于夹钳张开，松开车轮32，对车轮32进行解锁。当缓解盘42向左移动时，导向杆423沿着导向缺口433向外移动，并对钳爪43的第一端431施加推力，促使钳爪43顺时针转动，以使第二端432插入锁定槽321内，相当于夹钳闭合，锁紧车轮32。
如图12所示，连接凸起422包括两片平行布设的连接板，两片连接板上均设有第一连接孔4221，导向杆423插设于第一连接孔4221内，位于两片连接板之间。钳爪43的第一端431可位于两片连接板之间的的对应位置处，也可以位于外侧连接板的外侧，外侧连接板为远离缓解盘42中心的连接板。
上述导向杆423也可以替换为凸起结构。或者，还可以采用连接凸起422直接推动钳爪43第一端431的表面，进而推动钳爪43转动。或者，还可以采用其它方式来实现，本实施例不做限定。
在上述技术方案的基础上，如图3和图4所示，还包括锁紧盖45，与缓解盘42相连。与缓解盘42同步转动和同步移动。锁紧盖45的内侧设有限位部452，用于在钳爪43的第二端432插入锁定槽321后将第二端432限位保持在插入锁定槽321的状态。
具体的，图14为本申请实施例一提供的锁紧盖的结构示意图。如图14所示，锁紧盖45具有供车轴31穿过的第四轴孔451。锁紧盖45通过第四轴孔451套设在车轴31上，位于缓解盘42和车轮31之间。锁紧盖45上设有限位部452，限位部452具有凸起结构。在钳爪43的第二端432插入锁定槽321后，限位部452上的凸起结构顶紧在第二端432，以避免第二端432从锁定槽321内脱出。
锁紧盖45上设置有六个限位部452，两个限位部452为一组，三组限位部452沿周向均匀排布。一组限位部452用于对一个夹钳进行限位，即：一个限位部452用于顶紧一个钳爪43。
进一步的，限位部452上还设有导向面4521，导向面4521位于朝向缓解 盘42的一侧。锁紧盖45与缓解盘42沿轴向同步移动，导向面4521与钳爪43第二端432的脊背部接触，对第二端432从锁定槽321脱出的过程进行导向，避免第二端432张开的角度太大。
上述锁紧盖45与缓解盘42固定连接，且二者之间为同步沿轴向方向移动，同步转动。具体的，如图14所示，在锁紧盖45的内壁设置有凸出的装配部453，装配部453上设有第二连接孔454，第二连接孔454为螺纹孔，其中心线与轴向方向平行。对应的，如图12所示，在缓解盘42上设置有第三连接孔424，第三连接孔424的数量和位置均与第二连接孔454对应，以通过螺栓依次穿过第三连接孔424和第二连接孔454进行固定。
进一步的，图15为本申请实施例一提供的防尘罩的结构示意图。如图3和图15所示，还可以在锁紧盖45与车轮32之间设置防尘罩46，防尘罩46具有第五轴孔461，通过第五轴孔461套设在车轴31上。防尘罩46沿轴向方向具有第一端和第二端，该第一端围设在锁紧盖45的外侧，第二端与车轮32相连，例如可通过螺栓连接至车轮32的轮盘324。
防尘罩46的第一端与锁紧盖45之间设有密封件，例如：橡胶环、海绵环等，用于对防尘罩46与锁紧盖45之间的间隙进行密封，避免外界杂质颗粒、水汽等进入锁紧装置4内进而影响钳爪43的动作。
实施例二
本实施例是在上述实施例的基础上，对转向架的实现方式进行优化。
上述缓解盘42沿第一方向移动的驱动力，可由地面变轨装置来提供，也可以由设置在构架上的驱动机构来提供。本实施例提供一种由地面变轨装置来提供的方式。
如图2所示，可采用解锁装置5与地面变轨装置配合，以对缓解盘42施加第一方向的推力，以推动缓解盘42沿第一方向移动。
图16为本申请实施例二提供的解锁装置的结构示意图。如图16所示，解锁装置5包括：第一推杆51和第二推杆52。其中，第一推杆51沿竖直方向延 伸，其上设有第一导向斜面。第二推杆52沿轴向方向延伸，其上设有第二导向斜面，第二导向斜面与第一导向斜面接触配合，以使第一推杆51沿与竖直方向平行的第三方向移动时能够带动第二推杆52沿第一方向移动，用于对缓解盘42施加轴向推力。
图17为本申请实施例二提供的解锁装置中第一推杆与第二推杆配合的结构示意图一，图18为本申请实施例二提供的解锁装置中第一推杆与第二推杆配合的结构示意图二。图17和图18展示了第一推杆51移动并推动第二推杆52移动的视图。
如图17所示，解锁装置5处于非工作状态，转向架处于运行状态，非变轨状态。具体的，第一推杆51位于最下方，第二推杆52位于最左端。
如图18所示，地面变轨装置驱动第一推杆51向上移动，通过第一导向斜面511对第二导向斜面521施加垂直于第二导向斜面521的推力，该推力在轴向方向的分力促使第二推杆52向右移动(即：朝向第一方向移动)。
地面变轨装置还能够驱动第一推杆51向下移动，第二推杆52在缓解盘42的推动下向左移动(即：朝向第二方向移动)。
进一步的，还可以在第二推杆52上设置有导向滚轮522，通过导向滚轮522的滚动面与第一导向斜面511接触。第一导向斜面511对导向滚轮522施加径向推力，该推力在轴向方向的分力促使第二推杆52沿第一方向移动。采用导向滚轮522与第一导向斜面511之间为滚动摩擦，提高了第二推杆52移动的顺滑程度，避免平面与平面接触的摩擦力较大而导致第二推杆52卡死，进而不能对锁定装置4进行解锁。
另一种实现方式，直接在第二推杆52的端部设置导向滚轮522，而无需设置第二导向斜面521，也能够达到上述效果。
上述方案中，可采用适当的方式对第二推杆52进行限位，限制第二推杆52只能沿第一方向移动或与第一方向反向移动，而不能上下移动。
对于上述缓解盘42沿第一方向移动的驱动力，由设置在构架上的驱动机 构来提供，例如可采用液压或气动的方式，推动缓解盘42移动，具体实现方式可以有多种。
对于上述缓解盘42沿第二方向移动的驱动力，可以由设置在构架上的驱动机构来提供，例如采用气动或液压驱动的方式。或者，还可以采用如下方式：
如图4所示，在缓解盘42和定位盘41之间设置第一复位弹簧47。当缓解盘42在解锁装置5的推动下向第一方向移动时，对第一复位弹簧47施加压力，促使其压缩，蓄积弹性势能。当解锁装置5的推动力消失时，第一复位弹簧47的弹性势能转换为反弹力，推动缓解盘42朝第二方向移动。
图19为本申请实施例二提供的解锁装置与车轴配合的结构示意图。如图19所示，上述第一推杆51和第二推杆52的数量均为两个，对称分布在车轴31的水平方向两侧。
进一步的，由于缓解盘42是随车轴31转动的，而解锁装置5不转动。当第二推杆52与缓解盘42接触并提供推力时，第二推杆52的端部与缓解盘42之间具有相对移动，磨损较为严重。如图16所示，在第二推杆52朝向缓解盘42的端部设置减磨滚轮523，减磨滚轮523的轮面用于与缓解盘42的端面接触，使二者之间为滚动摩擦，减轻磨损。
进一步的，解锁装置5还包括：解锁支架53，解锁支架53与两个第一推杆51的底端相连，解锁支架53接收地面变轨装置的驱动力，并同时传递给两个第一推杆51。
解锁支架53的结构可根据地面变轨装置的结构来进行设定，以使其适应地面变轨装置，以更准确地在轨道车辆的行进过程中与地面变轨装置接触并接收驱动力。本实施例中，如图2和图16所示，在解锁支架53的底部设置解锁滚轮54，用于与地面变轨装置滚动接触并接收驱动力。
具体的，在解锁支架53的底部设置连接轴531，用于装配解锁滚轮54。解锁滚轮54的轮面与地面变轨装置接触，二者之间为滚动摩擦。
在上述技术方案的基础上，解锁装置5可以设置在构架1上，也可以设置 在轴箱2上。本实施例提供一种设置在轴箱2上的方式，本领域技术人员也可以将本实施例提供的具体实现方式直接应用或进行适当的修改后应用在构架1上。
图20为本申请实施例二提供的轴箱的结构示意图，图21为本申请实施例二提供的轴箱与解锁装置装配的局部剖视图。如图20和图21所示，轴箱2包括：箱体21和轴承22。其中，箱体21上设有供车轴31穿过的轴孔(称之为：第六轴孔211)，轴承22设置在第六轴孔211内，轴承22的外圈与第六轴孔211的侧壁过盈配合。
箱体21上还设有供第一推杆51穿过的第一安装孔212、以及供第二推杆52穿过的第二安装孔213，第一安装孔212与第二安装孔213连通。第一推杆51能够在第一安装孔212中移动，第二推杆52在第二安装孔213中移动。采用上述技术方案，第一推杆51和第二推杆52在两个安装孔的相贯通之处通过对应的导向斜面或导向滚轮配合。第二安装孔213限制了第二推杆52的移动方向只能为与第一方向平行的方向。
具体的，第一安装孔212的中心线沿竖直方向延伸，第二安装孔213的中心线沿水平方向延伸，与第一方向平行。以图21的视图角度为例，当第一推杆51在第一安装孔212内向上移动时，推动第二推杆52向右移动。
还设置有第二复位弹簧55，抵顶在第一安装孔212的底壁与第一推杆51之间。当第一推杆51向上移动时，促使第二复位弹簧55压缩，蓄积弹性势能。第二复位弹簧55的反弹力能够推动第一推杆51向下移动。
另外，与地面变轨装置配合，还可以在箱体21的底面设置支撑座23，支撑座23可通过螺栓连接的方式固定在箱体21的底部。支撑座23的底面为平面，用于搭接在地面变轨装置上，地面变轨装置起到对轴箱2进行支撑的作用。
实施例三
本实施例提供一种地面变轨装置，用于驱动上述车轮32沿轴向方向移动，以及用于驱动解锁装置5动作。
图22为本申请实施例三提供的地面变轨装置的结构示意图。如图22所示，地面变轨装置设置在第一轨道61和第二轨道62之间，假设第一轨道61的轨距小于第二轨道62。
地面变轨装置包括：导向轨71和解锁轨72。其中，导向轨71用于对车轮32施加推动力，促使车轮32沿轴向方向相向移动或相背移动。解锁轨72用于对轴箱2进行支撑，还用于对解锁装置5施加推动力，促使解锁装置5动作，进而带动锁定装置4动作，解除对车轮32的锁定。
具体的，导向轨71包括两对轨道，分别用于衔接第一轨道61和第二轨道62的每根单轨。每一对轨道的中心线均与第一轨道61的中心线呈一定夹角，也与第二轨道62的中心线呈一定夹角。假设轨道车辆是从第一轨道61向第二轨道62行驶，车轮32离开第一轨道61后，进入导向轨71，导向轨71对车轮32施加驱动力，迫使轮对中的两个车轮32相背移动，直至到达第二轨道62。
图23为本申请实施例三提供的地面变轨装置的纵向断面图，图24为本申请实施例三提供的地面变轨装置中解锁轨的局部视图，图25为本申请实施例三提供的地面变轨装置中解锁轨的纵向剖视图。
如图23所示，解锁轨72包括：轨体721和设置在轨体721上的支撑辊722。支撑辊722的数量为多个，其轴线与第一方向平行，用于对轴箱2上的支撑座23进行支撑。在轨体721的内侧设有解锁台723，沿着轨道车辆行驶的方向，解锁台723的顶面呈中间高、两端逐渐降低的形式，如图24和图25所示。解锁台723用于对解锁装置5中的解锁滚轮54接触，并通过其高度变化的顶面推动第一推杆51先上升后下降。
具体的，当轮对到达地面变轨装置，支撑座23搭接在支撑辊722上，与支撑辊722之间为滚动摩擦。解锁台723推动第一推杆51向上移动，带动第二推杆52沿第一方向移动，并推动缓解盘42沿第一方向移动，对钳爪43施加轴向推力使其转动，直至钳爪43的第二端从锁定槽321内脱出，对车轮32进行解锁。
在导向轨71的驱动作用下，两个车轮32相背移动，二者之间的距离增大。之后，解锁台723的顶面高度降低，不再对解锁滚轮54施加向上的推力，相当于解锁装置5不对缓解盘42施加第一方向的推力。则在第一复位弹簧47的反弹力作用下，缓解盘42向第二方向移动，带动钳爪43转动至第二端432插入另一个锁定槽321内，将车轮32锁定在新轨距的位置处。另外，缓解盘42向第二方向移动，还推动第二推杆52向第二方向移动。在第二复位弹簧55反弹力的作用下，第一推杆51向下移动。
图26为本申请实施例三提供的地面变轨装置中解锁轨的横向剖视图。如图26所示，进一步的，在轨体721上朝向轴箱2的一侧设有导向辊724，导向辊724的数量为多个，其轴线方向与竖直方向平行。导向辊724的数量为多个，沿沿着轨道车辆行驶的方向依次排布。导向辊724用于与轴箱2中的支撑座23接触，并与支撑座23之间为滚动摩擦。
实施例四
本实施例提供一种轨道车辆，包括：如上述任一内容所提供的转向架。
本实施例采用上述转向架，通过采用轴箱通过一系悬挂与构架相连，车轴通过轴承与轴箱相连，车轮设置在车轴上可沿轴向方向相对于车轴移动，车轮上还设置有沿轴向方向依次排布的至少两组锁定槽；还采用定位盘设置在车轴上与车轴同步转动，对称设置的两个钳爪通过销轴与定位盘相连，采用缓解盘设置在定位盘上与定位盘同步转动，采用解锁装置设置在轴箱或构架上，用于对缓解盘施加轴向推力以使缓解盘能够沿与轴向方向平行的第一方向移动，以对钳爪的第一端施力，使钳爪转动至其第二端从锁定槽脱出，实现对车轮进行解锁；缓解盘还能够沿与第一方向相反的第二方向移动，以对钳爪的第一端施力，使其转动至第二端插入锁定槽内，对车轮进行锁定。相比于已有技术中移动构架的方式，本实施例所提供的技术方案是驱动车轮移动实现变轨，并在车轮移动到位时进行锁定，由于车轮的重量远小于半构架的重量，其变轨所需的驱动力较小，降低了对地面变轨装置的要求。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本申请的描述中，“多个”的含义是至少两个，例如两个，三个等，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本申请中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接或可以互相通讯；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
尽管已描述了本申请的一些可选的实施例，但本领域内的技术人员一旦得知了基本创造性概念，则可对这些实施例作出另外的变更和修改。所以，所附权利要求意欲解释为包括一些可选的实施例以及落入本申请范围的所有变更和修改。
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本申请进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本申请的精神和范围。这样，倘若本申请的这些修改和变型属于本申请权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本申请也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (21)

  1. 一种转向架，其特征在于，包括：
    构架；
    轴箱，通过一系悬架与所述构架相连；
    车轴，通过轴承与所述轴箱相连；
    车轮，设置在所述车轴上，可沿轴向方向相对于所述车轴移动；所述车轮上设置有至少两组锁定槽，至少两组锁定槽沿所述轴向方向依次排布；
    定位盘，设置在所述车轴上，与所述车轴同步转动；
    夹钳；所述夹钳包括：对称设置的两个钳爪；所述钳爪具有第一端、第二端、以及位于第一端和第二端之间的转动部，所述转动部通过销轴与所述定位盘相连；
    缓解盘，设置在所述定位盘上，与所述定位盘同步转动；所述缓解盘能够沿与轴向方向平行的第一方向移动，以对所述钳爪的第一端施力，以使所述钳爪转动至所述第二端从所述锁定槽脱出；所述缓解盘还能够沿与第一方向相反的第二方向移动，以对所述钳爪的第一端施力，以使所述钳爪转动至所述第二端插入所述锁定槽；
    解锁装置，设置在所述轴箱或构架上，用于对所述缓解盘施加轴向推力，以使所述缓解盘能够沿所述第一方向移动。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的转向架，其特征在于，还包括：锁紧盖，设置在所述车轴上，与所述缓解盘相连，以与所述缓解盘同步转动和同步移动；所述锁紧盖的内侧设有限位部，所述限位部用于在所述钳爪的第二端插入所述锁定槽后将所述第二端限位保持在插入锁定槽的状态。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的转向架，其特征在于，所述限位部上设有导向面，用于在所述钳爪从所述锁定槽脱出的过程对所述钳爪的第二端进行导向。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的转向架，其特征在于，所述锁紧盖的内壁设有装配部，所述装配部上设有中心线与轴向方向平行的螺纹孔，用于通过螺栓与 缓解盘相连。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的转向架，其特征在于，所述定位盘上设置有第一驱动结构；所述缓解盘上设置有第二驱动结构，所述第二驱动结构用于与第一驱动结构相配合，以使所述缓解盘与所述定位盘同步转动。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的转向架，其特征在于，所述第一驱动结构为设置在定位盘上的容纳缺口；第二驱动结构为设置在所述缓解盘端面上的连接凸起，所述连接凸起可容纳于所述容纳槽内。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的转向架，其特征在于，所述钳爪的第一端设置有第一导向结构；所述缓解盘的端面设置有第二导向结构，所述第二导向结构与第一导向结构配合，以通过第一导向结构对所述第一端施加沿轴向方向的力。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的转向架，其特征在于，所述第一导向结构为导向缺口，所述导向缺口的中心线为弧线；所述第二导向结构为可容纳于所述导向缺口内的导向杆。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的转向架，其特征在于，所述导向杆设置在所述连接凸起上。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的转向架，其特征在于，还包括：
    第一复位弹簧，设置在所述缓解盘和定位盘之间；所述第一复位弹簧的反弹力用于推动所述缓解盘沿所述第二方向移动。
  11. 根据权利要求2所述的转向架，其特征在于，还包括：
    防尘罩；所述防尘罩沿轴向方向具有第一端和第二端，所述第一端围设在所述锁紧盖的外侧，第二端与所述车轮相连。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的转向架，其特征在于，所述防尘罩的第一端与锁紧盖之间设有密封件。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的转向架，其特征在于，所述车轮包括：
    轮体，所述轮体具有轮毂，所述轮毂设置有锁定部，所述锁定部上设有沿 轴向方向依次排布的两个锁定缺口；
    锁定块，设置于所述锁定缺口内；所述锁定块的两端均设有所述锁定槽。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的转向架，其特征在于，所述锁定部的数量为至少两个，至少两个锁定部沿周向均匀排布。
  15. 根据权利要求1所述的转向架，其特征在于，所述解锁装置包括：
    第一推杆，沿竖直方向延伸；所述第一推杆上设有第一导向斜面；
    第二推杆，沿轴向方向延伸；所述第二推杆上设有第二导向斜面，第二导向斜面与第一导向斜面接触配合，以使第一推杆沿第三方向移动时能够带动第二推杆沿第一方向移动，用于对所述缓解盘施加轴向推力；所述第三方向与竖直方向平行。
  16. 根据权利要求1所述的转向架，其特征在于，所述解锁装置包括：
    第一推杆，沿竖直方向延伸；所述第一推杆上设有第一导向斜面；
    第二推杆，沿轴向方向延伸；所述第二推杆上设有导向滚轮，所述导向滚轮与第一导向斜面接触配合，以使第一推杆沿第三方向移动时能够带动第二推杆沿第一方向移动，用于对所述缓解盘施加轴向推力。
  17. 根据权利要求15或16所述的转向架，其特征在于，所述解锁装置还包括：
    解锁支架，连接在所述第一推杆的底部；
    解锁滚轮，设置在所述解锁支架上，用于接收地面变轨装置提供的变轨驱动力，以带动所述第一推杆沿第三方向移动。
  18. 根据权利要求15或16所述的转向架，其特征在于，所述解锁装置还包括：
    减磨滚轮，设置在所述第二推杆朝向所述缓解盘的端部；所述减磨滚轮的轮面用于与所述缓解盘的端面接触。
  19. 根据权利要求17所述的转向架，其特征在于，当所述解锁装置设置在所述轴箱上时，所述轴箱包括：箱体；
    所述箱体上设有供所述车轴穿过的轴孔，所述轴承设置在所述轴孔内；所述箱体上还设有供所述第一推杆穿过的第一安装孔、供第二推杆穿过的第二安装孔，第二安装孔与第一安装孔连通。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的转向架，其特征在于，所述轴箱还包括：
    支撑座，连接在所述箱体的底面；所述支撑座用于搭接在地面变轨装置上。
  21. 一种轨道车辆，其特征在于，包括：如权利要求1-20任一项所述的转向架。
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