WO2020001573A1 - 一种防止管道氢损伤的方法及使用该方法的炼油制氢转化炉转油线及集合管 - Google Patents

一种防止管道氢损伤的方法及使用该方法的炼油制氢转化炉转油线及集合管 Download PDF

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WO2020001573A1
WO2020001573A1 PCT/CN2019/093414 CN2019093414W WO2020001573A1 WO 2020001573 A1 WO2020001573 A1 WO 2020001573A1 CN 2019093414 W CN2019093414 W CN 2019093414W WO 2020001573 A1 WO2020001573 A1 WO 2020001573A1
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pipe
oil
pipeline
collecting pipe
hydrogen
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PCT/CN2019/093414
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English (en)
French (fr)
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徐桂根
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淄博洪基机械有限公司
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Publication of WO2020001573A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020001573A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L43/00—Bends; Siphons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L41/00—Branching pipes; Joining pipes to walls
    • F16L41/02—Branch units, e.g. made in one piece, welded, riveted
    • F16L41/03—Branch units, e.g. made in one piece, welded, riveted comprising junction pieces for four or more pipe members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L55/00—Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L55/02—Energy absorbers; Noise absorbers
    • F16L55/027—Throttle passages
    • F16L55/02709—Throttle passages in the form of perforated plates
    • F16L55/02718—Throttle passages in the form of perforated plates placed transversely
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L55/00—Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L55/04—Devices damping pulsations or vibrations in fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L57/00—Protection of pipes or objects of similar shape against external or internal damage or wear
    • F16L57/02—Protection of pipes or objects of similar shape against external or internal damage or wear against cracking or buckling

Definitions

  • the invention particularly relates to a method for preventing hydrogen damage to pipelines, and an oil conversion line and a collecting pipe of a refinery hydrogen-to-hydrogen converter using the method.
  • the hydrogen-producing converter uses natural gas, oil field gas, coke oven gas, refinery exhaust gas, or light oil as raw materials under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure. With the help of nickel-based catalyst in the converter tube, the raw material and water vapor are promoted in the converter. A high-temperature device for carrying out a conversion reaction inside the tube to produce hydrogen.
  • the oil transfer line, collecting pipe and pigtail pipe are the supporting pipelines. After using the hydrogen production furnace for a period of time, the above pipelines often crack and have a short life. The fire caused huge economic losses.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings of the oil conversion line and the collecting pipe used in the hydrogen production conversion furnace that are easy to crack and have a short service life, and provide a method for preventing hydrogen damage to the pipeline and the oil conversion line of the oil refining hydrogen conversion converter using the method.
  • the collecting pipe, after using the invention, the pipeline has small hydrogen damage, is not easy to crack, is safe, and has a long service life.
  • a method for preventing hydrogen damage to a pipeline which is characterized in that a hollow insulation layer serving as an isolation function is provided on an inner wall of the pipeline, a filler serving as a buffer is provided at the end of the pipeline, and an orifice plate supporting the insulation layer is provided in the pipeline.
  • the isolation layer of the present invention is a hollow liner or a liner, which plays a role of isolation, which can effectively reduce the damage of hydrogen to the pipeline.
  • the filler of the invention plays a buffering role, and can effectively reduce the additional load on the pipeline and the fatigue tendency caused thereby, and reduce the harm of hydrogen damage.
  • the isolation layer of the present invention is preferably, but not limited to, provided at a sudden structural change of the pipeline.
  • Structural abrupt points are specifically, but not limited to, pipe diameter reductions, elbows, openings, ends, etc.
  • the pipe of the present invention is provided with an orifice plate for supporting the isolation layer.
  • the orifice plate of the present invention plays the role of fixing the isolation layer and the filler without affecting the flow of materials.
  • a filler is provided in the isolation layer of the present invention.
  • a filler is provided inside the pipeline where the isolation layer of the present invention is located.
  • An oil conversion line and a collecting pipe of an oil refining hydrogen conversion converter using the above method include the oil converting line and the collecting pipe, and the side of the collecting pipe is connected to a branch pipe, which is characterized in that the inner wall of the pipeline of the oil converting line is provided with a hollow insulation layer, The end of the collecting pipe is provided with a filler, and the inner wall of the branch pipe and the inner wall where the branch pipe and the collecting pipe are connected are provided with a hollow insulation layer.
  • the oil transfer line of the present invention refers to a connecting pipeline between the convection section and the inlet of the collecting pipe of the radiating section (that is, the large end of the reduced diameter). Where the isolation layer is provided, the structure is abrupt.
  • an orifice plate supporting the isolation layer is provided in the oil transfer line, the collecting pipe and the branch pipe of the present invention.
  • the position of the orifice plate is preferably: the entrance end, the exit end of the oil transfer line, the end of the collecting pipe and the middle of the branch pipe are provided with the orifice plate.
  • a filler is provided inside the isolation layer of the present invention.
  • a filler is provided inside the pipeline where the isolation layer of the present invention is located.
  • the orifice plate is set up and down.
  • the oil transfer line of the present invention is a straight pipe with a uniform inner diameter. Eliminating the reducing section of the traditional oil transfer line and transforming the traditional U-shaped oil transfer line into a straight pipe can effectively reduce the fatigue tendency and standing wave damage at the sudden change of the structure of the traditional oil transfer line, and reduce hydrogen damage.
  • both ends of the collecting pipe of the present invention are provided with hard supports.
  • Hard supports are used to offset additional axial impact loads.
  • connection form of the branch pipe and the collecting pipe of the invention is a butt weld, which is greatly improved than the traditional fillet weld.
  • the method of the present invention is not only applicable to oil conversion lines and collecting pipes of a refinery-to-hydrogen conversion furnace, but also applicable to pigtail pipes, propylene dehydrogenation, isobutane dehydrogenation and other pipelines for chemical plants facing hydrogen damage.
  • the pipeline using the invention has the advantages of long service life and difficult cracking.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 2 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 3 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 4 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 5 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a welding part of a branch pipe and a collecting pipe according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic side structural diagram of a welding part of a branch pipe and a collecting pipe according to the present invention.
  • Orifice plate As shown in the figure: 1. Orifice plate; 2. Oil transfer line; 3. Isolation layer; 4. Orifice plate; 5. Isolation layer; 6. Branch pipe; 7. Orifice plate; 8. Packing; 9. Collecting pipe; 10. Orifice plate; 11. Packing; 12. Packing; 13. Packing; 14. Orifice plate; 15. Packing.
  • the inner wall of the U-shaped oil transfer line 2 is provided with a hollow insulation layer 3, and the inlet and outlet ends are provided with an orifice plate 1 and an orifice plate 4, respectively, and the end of the collecting pipe 9 is provided with an orifice plate 10 and
  • the filler 11, the plurality of branch pipes 6 are laterally connected to the collecting pipe 9, the inner wall of the lower portion of the branch pipe 6 and the connection between the branch pipe 6 and the collecting pipe 9 is provided with a hollow insulation layer 5, and the orifice plate 7 is provided in the branch pipe 6.
  • the isolation layer 3 and the isolation layer 5 are hollow liners or bushings, which can effectively reduce the damage of the pipeline to the hydrogen.
  • the orifice plate 1, the orifice plate 4, the orifice plate 7, and the orifice plate 10 fix the insulation layer. 3.
  • the role of the isolation layer 5 and the filler 11 without affecting the flow of the material.
  • the filler 11 acts as a buffer, which can effectively reduce the additional load on the manifold 9 and the fatigue tendency caused by it, and reduce the damage caused by hydrogen. harm.
  • a filler 12 and a filler 8 are respectively provided in the isolation layer 3 and the isolation layer 5, and the others are the same as those in the first embodiment.
  • this embodiment adds filler 12 and filler 8 to achieve better isolation.
  • a filler 15 is provided inside the pipeline at the isolation layer 5.
  • an orifice plate 14 is provided below it.
  • this embodiment adds a filler 15 to better protect the branch pipe 6 and the joints between the branch pipe 6 and the collecting pipe 9.
  • a filler 12 is provided in the pipeline where the isolation layer 3 is located, and the others are the same as those in the second embodiment.
  • this embodiment adds a filler 12 to better protect the oil transfer line 2.
  • a filler 15 is provided inside the pipeline at the insulation layer 5.
  • an orifice plate 14 is provided below it.
  • a pipeline 12 at the insulation layer 3 is provided with the filler 12.
  • this embodiment has better protection for the oil transfer line 2, the branch pipe 6, and the connection between the branch pipe 6 and the collecting pipe 9.
  • Embodiment 6-10 In embodiment 1-5, the fillet weld at the joint of the branch pipe 6 and the collection pipe 9 is changed into a butt welding.
  • Embodiment 11-15 In embodiment 1-5, the U-shaped oil transfer line 2 provided with a reducing diameter section is replaced by a straight pipe having a uniform diameter.
  • Embodiment 16-20 In Embodiment 1-5, hard supports are provided at both ends of the collecting pipe 9.
  • Embodiment 21-25 In Embodiments 6-10, the U-shaped oil transfer line 2 provided with a reducing diameter section is replaced with a straight pipe having a uniform diameter.
  • Embodiment 26-30 In Embodiments 6-10, hard supports are provided at both ends of the collecting pipe 9.
  • Embodiments 31-35 In Embodiments 11-15, hard supports are provided at both ends of the collecting pipe 9.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Abstract

一种防止管道氢损伤的方法及使用该方法的炼油制氢转化炉转油线及集合管，在管道的内壁设置起隔离作用的中空的隔离层，管道的末端设置起缓冲作用的填料，管道内设有支撑隔离层的孔板（1）。使用该方法的炼油制氢转化炉转油线及集合管，包括转油线（2）和集合管（9），集合管的侧面与支管（6）连接，转油线的管道内壁设有中空的隔离层（3），集合管的末端设有填料（11），支管内壁以及支管和集合管连接处的内壁设有中空的隔离层（5）。该方法不仅适用于炼油制氢转化炉转油线及集合管，也同样适用于猪尾管、丙烯脱氢、异丁烷脱氢等其他面临氢损伤的化工装置用管道，管道具有使用寿命长、不易开裂的优点。

Description

一种防止管道氢损伤的方法及使用该方法的炼油制氢转化炉转油线及集合管 技术领域
本发明具体涉及一种防止管道氢损伤的方法及使用该方法的炼油制氢转化炉转油线及集合管。
背景技术
制氢转化炉是在高温、高压的条件下，以天然气、油田气、焦炉气、炼厂尾气或轻油为原料，借助转化炉管内镍基催化剂的作用，促使原料与水蒸气在转化炉管内部进行转化反应制取氢气的高温设备。转油线、集合管、猪尾管是与之配套使用的管路，制氢转化炉使用一段时间后，上述管路经常发生开裂，使用寿命短，轻者会迫使炼油装置停工，重者会引发火灾，造成巨大的经济损失。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决制氢转化炉用的转油线及集合管存在易开裂，使用寿命短的缺陷，提供一种防止管道氢损伤的方法及使用该方法的炼油制氢转化炉转油线及集合管，使用本发明后，管道氢损伤小，不易开裂，安全，使用寿命长。
本发明是通过如下技术方案来实现的：
即一种防止管道氢损伤的方法，其特征在于在管道的内壁设置起隔离作用的中空的隔离层，管道的末端设置起缓冲作用的填料，管道内设有支撑隔离层的孔板。
经过申请人的研究发现，传统制氢转化炉转油线及集合管开裂的根本原因 是氢损伤，这是因为：
1.物料中有氢(特别是原子态或离子态的氢)；
2.在结构突变(变径、弯头、开孔、末端)处：
①存在附加的交变载荷导致疲劳；
②存在驻波，一是助长了疲劳；二是使氢更易渗入金属，加重氢损伤。
本发明的隔离层为中空的衬管或衬套，起隔离作用，其能够有效减小氢对管道的损伤。
本发明的填料起缓冲作用，能够有效减小管道所受的附加载荷和由此造成的疲劳倾向，减小氢损伤的危害。
进一步的，本发明的隔离层优选但不限于设置在管道的结构突变处。结构突变处特指但不限于为管道的变径、弯头、开孔、末端处等。
进一步的，本发明的管道内部设有支撑隔离层的孔板。
本发明的孔板起固定隔离层和填料的作用，同时又不影响物料的流动。
进一步的，本发明的隔离层内设有填料；
进一步的，本发明的隔离层所在处的管道内部设有填料。
一种使用上述方法的炼油制氢转化炉转油线及集合管，包括转油线和集合管，集合管的侧面与支管连接，其特征在于转油线的管道内壁设有中空的隔离层，集合管的末端设有填料，支管内壁以及支管和集合管连接处的内壁设有中空的隔离层。
本发明的转油线指对流段与辐射段集合管入口(即变径的大端)之间的连接管道。设置隔离层之处均为结构突变处。
进一步的，本发明的转油线内、集合管内、支管内均设有支撑隔离层的孔板。作为孔板位置优选：转油线的入口端、出口端，集合管末端和支管的中部 均设有孔板。
进一步的，本发明的隔离层内部设有填料。
进一步的，本发明的隔离层所在处的管道内部均设有填料。当支管处内部设置填料时，孔板设置上下两个。
进一步的，本发明的转油线为统一内径的直管。取消传统转油线的变径段，将传统U形的转油线转变为直管，能够有效降低传统转油线结构突变处的疲劳倾向和驻波危害，减小氢损伤。
进一步的，本发明的集合管的两端设有硬支撑。硬支撑用以抵消附加的轴向冲击载荷。
本发明的支管和集合管的连接形式为对接焊缝，比传统的角焊缝有极大的改善。
本发明的方法不仅适用于炼油制氢转化炉转油线及集合管，也同样适用于猪尾管、丙烯脱氢、异丁烷脱氢等其他面临氢损伤的化工装置用管道。使用本发明的管道具有使用寿命长、不易开裂的优点。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1的结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例2的结构示意图；
图3为本发明实施例3的结构示意图；
图4为本发明实施例4的结构示意图；
图5为本发明实施例5的结构示意图；
图6为本发明支管和集合管焊接部位的结构示意图；
图7为本发明支管和集合管焊接部位的侧向结构示意图。
如图中所示：1.孔板；2.转油线；3.隔离层；4.孔板；5.隔离层；6.支管；7. 孔板；8.填料；9.集合管；10.孔板；11.填料；12.填料；13.填料；14.孔板；15.填料。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图，以炼油制氢转化炉转油线及集合管为例对本发明技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本发明的技术方案，因此只作为示例，而不能以此来限制本发明的保护范围。需要注意的是，除非另有说明，本申请使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本发明所属领域技术人员所理解的通常意义。
实施例1
如图1所示：U形的转油线2内壁设有中空的隔离层3，去入口端和出口端分别设有孔板1和孔板4，集合管9的末端设有孔板10和填料11，多根支管6与集合管9侧面连接，支管6下部以及支管6与集合管9连接处的内壁设有中空的隔离层5，支管6内设有孔板7。
本实施例的隔离层3、隔离层5为中空的衬管或衬套，其能够有效减小氢对管道的损伤，孔板1、孔板4、孔板7、孔板10起固定隔离层3、隔离层5和填料11的作用，同时又不影响物料的流动，填料11起缓冲作用，能够有效减小集合管9所受的附加载荷和由此造成的疲劳倾向，减小氢损伤的危害。
实施例2
如图2所示：隔离层3、隔离层5内分别设有填料12、填料8，其他同实施例1。
本实施例相对于实施例1，增加了填料12、填料8，隔离作用更好。
实施例3
如图3所示：隔离层5处的管道内部设有填料15，为了固定填料15，在其 下方设置孔板14，其他同实施例2
本实施例相对于实施例2，增加了填料15，对支管6以及支管6和集合管9连接处的保护更好。
实施例4
如图4所示：隔离层3所在处的管道内设有填料12，其他同实施例2。
本实施例相对于实施例2，增加了填料12，对转油线2的保护更好。
实施例5
如图5所示：隔离层5处的管道内部设有填料15，为了固定填料15，在其下方设置孔板14，隔离层3所在处的管道内设有填料12，其他同实施例2。
本实施例相对于实施例2，转油线2、支管6以及支管6和集合管9连接处的保护更好。
本发明不局限于以上实施例，
实施例6-10：在实施例1-5中，将支管6和集合管9连接处的角焊缝变为对接焊接。
实施例11-15：在实施例1-5中，将U形设有变径段的转油线2用统一直径的直管代替。
实施例16-20：在实施例1-5中，在集合管9的两端设置硬支撑。
实施例21-25：在实施例6-10中，将U形设有变径段的转油线2用统一直径的直管代替。
实施例26-30：在实施例6-10中，在集合管9的两端设置硬支撑。
实施例31-35：在实施例11-15中，在集合管9的两端设置硬支撑。
以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其 依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求和说明书的范围当中。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种防止管道氢损伤的方法，其特征在于在管道的内壁设置起隔离作用的中空的隔离层，管道的末端设置起缓冲作用的填料，管道内设有支撑隔离层的孔板。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的防止管道氢损伤的方法，其特征在于隔离层设置在管道的结构突变处。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的防止管道氢损伤的方法，其特征在于管道内部设有支撑隔离层的孔板。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的防止管道氢损伤的方法，其特征在于隔离层内设有填料；
  5. 根据权利要求1或3所述的防止管道氢损伤的方法，其特征在于隔离层所在处的管道内部设有填料。
  6. 一种使用权利要求1所述方法的炼油制氢转化炉转油线及集合管，包括转油线和集合管，集合管的侧面与支管连接，其特征在于转油线的管道内壁设有中空的隔离层，集合管的末端设有填料，支管内壁以及支管和集合管连接处的内壁设有中空的隔离层。
  7. 根据要求6所述的炼油制氢转化炉转油线及集合管，其特征在于转油线内、集合管内、支管内均设有支撑隔离层的孔板。
  8. 根据要求6所述的炼油制氢转化炉转油线及集合管，其特征在于隔离层内部设有填料。
  9. 根据要求6所述的炼油制氢转化炉转油线及集合管，其特征在于隔离层所在处的管道内部均设有填料。
  10. 根据要求6所述的炼油制氢转化炉转油线及集合管，其特征在于转油线为统一内径的直管。
  11. 根据要求6所述的炼油制氢转化炉转油线及集合管，其特征在于集合管的两端设有硬支撑。
PCT/CN2019/093414 2018-06-29 2019-06-28 一种防止管道氢损伤的方法及使用该方法的炼油制氢转化炉转油线及集合管 WO2020001573A1 (zh)

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