WO2019196757A1 - 万向轮、行走机构和自主移动搬运机器人 - Google Patents

万向轮、行走机构和自主移动搬运机器人 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019196757A1
WO2019196757A1 PCT/CN2019/081604 CN2019081604W WO2019196757A1 WO 2019196757 A1 WO2019196757 A1 WO 2019196757A1 CN 2019081604 W CN2019081604 W CN 2019081604W WO 2019196757 A1 WO2019196757 A1 WO 2019196757A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
axis
rotation
universal wheel
hinge structure
bracket
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PCT/CN2019/081604
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
段炼
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AIrobot株式会社
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Application filed by AIrobot株式会社 filed Critical AIrobot株式会社
Priority to JP2020554431A priority Critical patent/JP7162916B2/ja
Publication of WO2019196757A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019196757A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B33/00—Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B33/00—Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors
    • B60B33/0002—Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors assembling to the object, e.g. furniture
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B33/00—Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors
    • B60B33/006—Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors characterised by details of the swivel mechanism
    • B60B33/0065—Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors characterised by details of the swivel mechanism characterised by details of the swivel axis
    • B60B33/0068—Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors characterised by details of the swivel mechanism characterised by details of the swivel axis the swivel axis being vertical

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of universal wheel technology, and in particular to a universal wheel, a traveling mechanism and an autonomous mobile handling robot.
  • Supermarket carts are usually fitted with universal wheels to make turns according to user needs.
  • the roller can be vertically rotated about the horizontal rotation axis, and can also be horizontally rotated about the vertical rotation axis to achieve 360° rotation.
  • the existing universal wheel has a motion dead point, and therefore, the cart may generate unwanted shaking.
  • the initial point of the cart and the universal wheel the vertical axis of rotation of the universal wheel (perpendicular to the paper surface in FIG.
  • the universal wheel since the universal wheel needs to adjust the direction of its horizontal rotation axis, under the action of the friction force, the universal wheel rotates around its location with a radius between the horizontal rotation axis and the vertical rotation axis, in this case. Down, the trajectory of the hinge point of the cart and the universal wheel is limited, that is, it has to be rotated around the point until it is rotated through the central angle of the corresponding angle (to reach the position of a1 or a2 or a3 or a4) to follow the arrow M1 or M2. Or in the direction indicated by M3 or M4.
  • This rotation process is the above-mentioned "motion dead point", which is uncontrolled, and the speed during the rotation is relatively fast, and therefore, the trolley is caused to generate unnecessary shaking, resulting in unstable walking of the cart.
  • the present disclosure provides a universal wheel including a bracket and a roller mounted to the bracket through an axle, wherein the universal wheel further includes a first hinge structure and a second hinge structure, the first The hinge structure defines a first axis of rotation that is perpendicular to an axis of the axle, the second hinge structure defines a second axis of rotation that is parallel to the first axis of rotation, the bracket is coupled to the first hinge structure a second hinge structure coupled to enable the bracket to rotate with the roller about the first axis of rotation while enabling the bracket to wrap around the second with the roller and the first hinge structure
  • the axis of rotation rotates, the reference axis of rotation of the center point of the roller, the first axis of rotation and the second axis of rotation are parallel but not collinear, the reference axis of rotation passing the location of the roller.
  • a spacing between the reference axis of rotation and the first axis of rotation is equal to a spacing between the first axis of rotation and the second axis of rotation.
  • a distance between the reference rotation axis and the first rotation axis is a first pitch
  • a component of the first pitch in an axial direction of the axle is the reference rotation axis and the first The eccentric spacing between the axes of rotation.
  • the first hinge structure is configured as a first bearing
  • the second hinge structure is configured as a second bearing
  • the first bearing includes a first inner ring and a first outer ring
  • the second bearing includes a second inner ring and a second outer ring, one of the first inner ring and the first outer ring being fixedly coupled to the bracket, the other of the first inner ring and the first outer ring One is fixedly coupled to one of the second inner ring and the second outer ring.
  • the first outer ring is fixedly connected to the bracket, and the first inner ring is fixedly connected to the second outer ring.
  • a bearing seat is disposed between the first bearing and the second bearing, the bearing seat is fixed to the first inner ring, and the second outer ring is fixed to the bearing seat.
  • the bracket includes a first connecting plate and a second connecting plate parallel to each other and an intermediate connecting portion connected between the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate, the axle is fixed at the Between a connecting plate and the second connecting plate, and an axis of the axle is perpendicular to the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate.
  • the intermediate connection portion is provided with a groove serving as a bearing chamber of the first bearing, the first outer ring being fixed in the groove.
  • the present disclosure further provides a running mechanism, including a base, wherein the running mechanism further includes a plurality of the above-mentioned universal wheels, and the first hinge structure of each universal wheel passes through
  • the second hinge structure is coupled to the base, and the bracket, the roller and the first hinge structure are integrally rotatable relative to the base about the second axis of rotation.
  • the present disclosure also provides an autonomous mobile handling robot including the above-described traveling mechanism.
  • the universal wheel provided by the present disclosure has two vertical rotation axes, that is, a first rotation axis and a second rotation axis, and the first hinge structure and the first hinge point of the universal wheel are located on the first rotation axis B. a second hinge structure and a second hinge point of the running mechanism are located on the second rotation axis C. Since the reference rotation axis A, the first rotation axis B and the second rotation axis C are parallel to each other but are not collinear, There is a space between two of the three. For convenience of description, the distance between the reference rotation axis A and the first rotation axis B is defined as R, and the distance between the first rotation axis B and the second rotation axis C is r.
  • the spacing between the reference rotation axis A and the second rotation axis C may be any value of the interval [
  • the hinge point can reach a circle drawn with a radius of
  • R+r is any position in the region between the circle drawn by the radius around the first reference rotation line A, that is, the second hinge point and the reference rotation are interrupted due to the presence of the first hinge point A fixed distance between the axes A, the second hinge point has a plurality of degrees of freedom with respect to the location G of the universal wheel.
  • the traveling direction of the traveling mechanism changes by an angle greater than 90°, the movement of the second hinge point is no longer restricted during the rotation of the roller about its position G to adjust the direction of its horizontal axis of rotation, and the movement can be directly switched. In the direction, there is no movement dead point, so that unnecessary shaking of the traveling mechanism during driving can be avoided, and the running smoothness can be ensured.
  • the traveling mechanism and the autonomous moving handling robot provided by the present disclosure include the above-described universal wheel, and thus have the above advantages, and are not described herein again in order to avoid redundancy.
  • FIG. 1 is a top plan view showing a movement locus of a hinge point of a universal wheel and a traveling mechanism in the case where the prior art gimbal steering is greater than 90°;
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a running mechanism provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a universal wheel provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 is a side elevational view of a universal wheel provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 is a front elevational view of a universal wheel provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 is a top plan view showing a movement locus of a first hinge point and a second hinge point in the case where the caster steering is greater than 90° according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • orientation words used such as “inside and outside,” refer to the inside and outside of the contour of the corresponding component.
  • the terms “first”, “second”, “third”, “fourth” and the like used in the present disclosure are merely distinguishing one element from another element, and are not sequential and important.
  • a universal wheel 2 is provided, and an embodiment thereof is illustrated in FIGS. 3 to 5.
  • the universal wheel 2 includes a bracket 21 and a roller 23 mounted to the bracket 21 via an axle 22, the universal wheel 2 further including a first hinge structure and a second hinge structure,
  • the first hinge structure defines a first axis of rotation B perpendicular to the axis O of the axle 22 (ie, the horizontal axis of rotation of the roller 23), the second hinge structure defining a second parallel to the first axis of rotation B
  • Rotation axis C the bracket 21 is coupled to the second hinge structure by the first hinge structure such that the bracket 21 and the roller 23 are rotatable about the first axis of rotation B, while
  • the bracket 21 is rotatable about the second axis of rotation C together with the roller 23 and the first hinge structure, a reference rotation axis A passing through a center point of the roller 23, the first rotation axis B and
  • the second axis of rotation C is
  • the universal wheel 2 provided by the present disclosure can be applied to any running mechanism, and the universal wheel 2 is connected to the running mechanism through the second hinge structure.
  • the universal wheel 2 provided by the present disclosure has two vertical rotation axes, that is, a first rotation axis and a second rotation axis, and the first hinge structure and the first hinge point of the universal wheel are located on the first rotation axis B.
  • Upper second hinge structure and the second hinge point of the running mechanism are located on the second rotation axis C. Since the reference rotation axis A, the first rotation axis B and the second rotation axis C are parallel to each other but are not collinear, Therefore, there is a space between two of the three.
  • the distance between the reference rotation axis A and the first rotation axis B is defined as R
  • the distance between the first rotation axis B and the second rotation axis C is r.
  • the spacing between the reference rotation axis A and the second rotation axis C may be any value of the interval [
  • the hinge point can reach a circle drawn with a radius of
  • R+r is any position in the region between the circle drawn by the radius around the first reference rotation line A, that is, the second hinge point and the reference rotation are interrupted due to the presence of the first hinge point A fixed distance between the axes A, the second hinge point has a plurality of degrees of freedom with respect to the location G of the universal wheel.
  • the initial state of the second hinge point (indicated by " ⁇ ") at the initial position c is the direction indicated by the arrow N
  • the first hinge point (indicated by " ⁇ ") ) at the initial position b, the position c and the position b and the point G (indicated by “ ⁇ ") are collinear and the line coincides with the direction indicated by the arrow N
  • the distance between the point G and the position b is the reference rotation axis
  • the spacing R between the A and the first axis of rotation B, the spacing between the position b and the position c is the spacing r between the first axis of rotation B and the second axis of rotation C.
  • the area that the second hinge point can reach is a circle drawn by G as a center, a radius of R+r (corresponding to the outer circle in the figure), and a center of G
  • the second hinge point is to change direction (greater than 90°), it is changed from the initial position c to be along the arrow N1 (corresponding to the angle of change of 120°) or N2 (corresponding to the angle of change of 135°) or N3 (pair)
  • the direction of the strain direction is 150°) or N4 (corresponding to the angle of change of 165°)
  • the initial segment position of the straight line extending in the direction of the arrow N1 or N2 or N3 or N4
  • a linear distance from position c1 or position c2 or position c3 or position c4 falls within the area that the second hinge point can reach, so that the second hinge point can be directly reversed from the initial position a to follow the arrow N1 or
  • the direction indicated by N2 or N3 or N4 travels straight, and during the movement from position a to position c1 or position c2 or position c3 or position c4, the first hinge point is at its horizontal plane (here the "horizontal plane" is Refers to the
  • the reference rotation axis A, the first rotation axis B and the third rotation axis C are coplanar, and at this time, the first hinge is seen from the figure The point and the second hinge point are collinear with the location G.
  • the roller 23 also rotates about the horizontal axis of rotation to move with the traveling mechanism .
  • the spacing R between the reference rotation axis A and the first rotation axis B may be equal to the spacing r between the first rotation axis B and the second rotation axis C, in which case
  • the second hinge point can directly travel straight backwards from the initial position when changing the 180° direction (in the direction of the arrow N5), corresponding to the second hinge point being able to travel in the direction of the arrow N from the initial position c as shown in FIG. Directly change to the direction indicated by the arrow N5.
  • a distance R between the reference rotation axis A and the first rotation axis B has a component in the direction of the axis of the axle (22) (ie, the horizontal rotation axis), and the component is the reference rotation axis
  • the eccentric spacing P between A and the first axis of rotation B is shown in FIG. Due to the presence of this eccentric spacing P, the frictional forces experienced by the roller 23 during rolling relative to the ground cause the roller 23 to always have a tendency to rotate about the first axis of rotation B, i.e. to change the direction of travel of the roller 23. Therefore, when the universal wheel 23 turns in a straight running state, the above tendency allows the roller 23 to immediately change the traveling direction without causing a lockup phenomenon.
  • the first hinge structure and the second hinge structure can be constructed in any suitable manner.
  • the first hinge structure is configured as a first bearing 24, and the second hinge structure is configured as a second bearing 25, as shown in FIG. 3,
  • the first bearing 24 includes a first inner ring 241 and a first outer ring 242
  • the second bearing 25 includes a second inner ring 251 and a second outer ring 252
  • one of the first inner ring 241 and the first outer ring 242 is fixed to the bracket 21
  • the other of the first inner ring 241 and the first outer ring 242 is fixedly coupled to one of the second inner ring 251 and the second outer ring 252.
  • first outer ring 242 is fixedly coupled to the bracket 21, and the first inner ring 241 is fixedly coupled to the second outer ring 252.
  • a bearing seat 26 is disposed between the first bearing 24 and the second bearing 25, the bearing seat 26 is fixed to the first inner ring 241, and the second outer ring 252 is fixed to the Bearing housing 26.
  • the caster bracket 21 can be constructed in any suitable manner.
  • the universal wheel bracket 21 includes a first connecting plate 211 and a second connecting plate 212 that are parallel to each other and is connected to the first connecting plate 211 and the second connection.
  • An intermediate connecting portion 213 between the plates 212, the axle 22 is fixed between the first connecting plate 211 and the second connecting plate 212, and an axis O of the axle 22 and the first connecting plate
  • the second connecting plate 212 is perpendicular to the second connecting plate 212.
  • the intermediate connection portion 213 is provided with a groove serving as a bearing chamber of the first bearing 24, and the first outer ring 242 is fixed in the groove.
  • the present disclosure further provides a running mechanism, including a base 11, wherein the running mechanism further includes a plurality of the above-mentioned universal wheels 2, and the first hinge structure of each universal wheel 2
  • the bracket 21, the roller 23 and the first hinge structure are integrally rotatable relative to the base 11 about the second axis of rotation C by the second hinge structure being coupled to the base 11.
  • the second inner ring 251 of the second bearing 25 is fixed to the base 11.
  • the present disclosure also provides an autonomous mobile handling robot including the above-described traveling mechanism.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Rehabilitation Tools (AREA)
  • Manipulator (AREA)
  • Handcart (AREA)

Abstract

一种万向轮、行走机构和自主移动搬运机器人，所述万向轮（2）包括支架（21）和通过轮轴（22）安装于支架（21）的滚轮（23），其中，万向轮还包括第一铰接结构和第二铰接结构，第一铰接结构限定与轮轴（22）的轴线垂直的第一旋转轴线（B），第二铰接结构限定与第一旋转轴线（B）平行的第二旋转轴线（ C），支架（21）通过第一铰接结构与第二铰接结构连接，以使得支架（21）与滚轮（23）一起能够绕第一旋转轴线（B）转动，同时，使得支架（21）与滚轮（23）以及第一铰接结构一起能够绕第二旋转轴线（C）转动，过滚轮（23）的中心点的基准旋转轴线（A）、第一旋转轴线（B）与第二旋转轴线（C）相互平行但不共线，基准旋转轴线（A）经过滚轮（23）的着地点。该万向轮（2）能够避免行走机构转向行驶的过程出现不必要的晃动，保证行驶的平稳性。

Description

万向轮、行走机构和自主移动搬运机器人 技术领域
本公开涉及万向轮技术领域，具体地，涉及一种万向轮、行走机构和自主移动搬运机器人。
背景技术
超市推车通常安装有万向轮，以根据用户需求进行转弯。现有的万向轮中，其滚轮能够绕水平旋转轴线垂直转动的同时，还能够绕垂直旋转轴线进行水平转动，以实现360°的旋转。然而，当推车的转弯方向大于90°时，现有的万向轮存在运动死点，因此，推车会产生不需要的晃动。具体地，参考图1所示，推车与万向轮的铰接点(万向轮的垂直旋转轴线(在图1中垂直于纸面)过该铰接点)(用“□”表示)的初始位置为a，万向轮的着地点用“○”表示，推车的初始状态为沿箭头M所指的方向行驶，欲改变方向(大于90°)沿箭头M1或M2或M3或M4所指的方向行驶。在初始状态，万向轮的水平旋转轴线与箭头M所指的方向垂直，当推车改变方向行驶时，理想状态是从初始位置a沿箭头M1或M2或M3或M4所指的方向行驶，然而，由于万向轮需要调整其水平旋转轴线的方向，在摩擦力的作用下，万向轮会绕其着地点以水平旋转轴线与垂直旋转轴线之间的距离为半径旋转，在这种情况下，推车与万向轮的铰接点的运动轨迹受到限制，即不得不绕着地点旋转，直到转过对应角度的圆心角(到达a1或a2或a3或a4位置)才能沿箭头M1或M2或M3或M4所指的方向行驶。这种转动过程即为上述的“运动死点”，其不受控制，且转动的过程中速度相对较快，因此，会使得推车产生不需要的晃动，导致推车行走不稳定。
发明内容
本公开的目的是提供一种万向轮，该万向轮能够避免行走机构转向行驶的过程出现不必要的晃动，保证行驶的平稳性。
为了实现上述目的，本公开提供一种万向轮，包括支架和通过轮轴安装于所述支架的滚轮，其中，所述万向轮还包括第一铰接结构和第二铰接结构，所述第一铰接结构限定与所述轮轴的轴线垂直的第一旋转轴线，所述第二铰接结构限定与所述第一旋转轴线平行的第二旋转轴线，所述支架通过所述第一铰接结构与所述第二铰接结构连接，以使得所述支架与所述滚轮一起能够绕所述第一旋转轴线转动，同时，使得所述支架与所述滚轮以及所述第一铰接结构一起能够绕所述第二旋转轴线转动，过所述滚轮的中心点的基准旋转轴线、所述第一旋转轴线与所述第二旋转轴线相互平行但不共线，所述基准旋转轴线经过所述滚轮的着地点。
可选择地，所述基准旋转轴线与所述第一旋转轴线之间的间距等于所述第一旋转轴线与所述第二旋转轴线之间的间距。
可选择地，所述基准旋转轴线与所述第一旋转轴线之间的间距为第一间距，该第一间距在所述轮轴的轴线方向上的分量为所述基准旋转轴线与所述第一旋转轴线之间的偏心间距。
可选择地，所述第一铰接结构构造为第一轴承，所述第二铰接结构构造为第二轴承，所述第一轴承包括第一内圈和第一外圈，所述第二轴承包括第二内圈和第二外圈，所述第一内圈和所述第一外圈中的一者与所述支架固定连接，所述第一内圈和所述第一外圈中的另一者与所述第二内圈和所述第二外圈中的一者固定连接。
可选择地，所述第一外圈与所述支架固定连接，所述第一内圈与所述第二外圈固定连接。
可选择地，所述第一轴承与所述第二轴承之间设置有轴承座，该轴承座固定于所述第一内圈，所述第二外圈固定于所述轴承座。
可选择地，所述支架包括彼此平行的第一连接板和第二连接板以及连接在所述第一连接板和第二连接板之间的中间连接部，所述轮轴固定于在所述第一连接板和所述第二连接板之间，且所述轮轴的轴线与所述第一连接板和所述第二连接板垂直。
可选择地，所述中间连接部设置有凹槽，该凹槽用作所述第一轴承的轴承室，所述第一外圈固定于所述凹槽中。
在上述技术方案的基础上，本公开还提供一种行走机构，包括底座，其中，所述行走机构还包括多个上述的万向轮，每个万向轮的所述第一铰接结构通过所述第二铰接结构与所述底座连接，所述支架、所述滚轮和所述第一铰接结构整体能够绕所述第二旋转轴线相对于所述底座转动。
此外，本公开还提供一种自主移动搬运机器人，该自主移动搬运机器人包括上述的行走机构。
通过上述技术方案，本公开提供的万向轮具有两个垂直旋转轴线，即第一旋转轴线和第二旋转轴线，第一铰接结构与万向轮的第一铰接点位于第一旋转轴线B上，第二铰接结构与行走机构的第二铰接点位于第二旋转轴线C上，由于基准旋转轴线A、所述第一旋转轴线B与所述第二旋转轴线C相互平行但不共线，因此三者中两两之间具有间距，为了便于描述，定义基准旋转轴线A与第一旋转轴线B之间的间距为R，第一旋转轴线B与第二旋转轴线C之间的间距为r。通过设置第一铰接结构，基准旋转轴线A与第二旋转轴线C之间的间距可以为[|R-r|,(R+r)]区间的任意值，因此，第一铰接点的存在使得第二铰接点能够在其自身所在的水平面(此处的“水平面”是指与第二旋转轴线垂直的平面)内到达以|R-r|为半径、绕第一基准旋转线A所画的圆与以(R+r)为半径、绕第一基准旋转线A所画的圆之间的区域 内的任意一个位置，也就是说，由于第一铰接点的存在，打断了第二铰接点与基准旋转轴线A之间的固定距离，第二铰接点相对于万向轮的着地点G具有多个自由度。当行走机构的行驶方向改变大于90°的角度时，在滚轮绕其着地点G旋转以调整其水平旋转轴线的方向的过程中，第二铰接点的运动轨迹不再受到限制，能够直接切换运动方向，不会出现运动死点，从而能够避免行走机构转向行驶的过程出现不必要的晃动，保证行驶的平稳性。本公开提供的行走机构和自主移动搬运机器人包括上述万向轮，因此同样具有上述优点，为了避免重复，在此不再赘述。
本公开的其他特征和优点将在随后的具体实施方式部分予以详细说明。
附图说明
附图是用来提供对本公开的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与下面的具体实施方式一起用于解释本公开，但并不构成对本公开的限制。在附图中：
图1是示出了现有技术中的万向轮转向大于90°的情况下万向轮与行走机构的铰接点的运动轨迹的俯视示意图；
图2是根据本公开的实施例提供的行走机构的立体示意图；
图3是根据本公开的实施例提供的万向轮的立体示意图；
图4是根据本公开的实施例提供的万向轮的侧视示意图；
图5是根据本公开的实施例提供的万向轮的主视示意图；
图6是示出了本公开的实施例提供的万向轮转向大于90°的情况下第一铰接点、第二铰接点的运动轨迹的俯视示意图。
附图标记说明
11-底座，2-万向轮，21-支架，211-第一连接板，212-第二连接板，213-中间连接部，22-轮轴，23-滚轮，24-第一轴承，241-第一内圈，242-第一外 圈，25-第二轴承，251-第二内圈，252-第二外圈，26-轴承座。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本公开的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是，此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本公开，并不用于限制本公开。
在本公开中，所使用的方位词如“内、外”是指相对于对应的部件的轮廓的内、外。另外，本公开所使用的术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”、“第四”等是仅为了区别一个要素和另一个要素，不具有顺序性和重要性。
根据本公开的具体实施方式，提供一种万向轮2，图3至图5示出了其一种实施方式。参考图3至图5中所示，万向轮2包括支架21和通过轮轴22安装于所述支架21的滚轮23，所述万向轮2还包括第一铰接结构和第二铰接结构，所述第一铰接结构限定与所述轮轴22的轴线O(即滚轮23的水平旋转轴线)垂直的第一旋转轴线B，所述第二铰接结构限定与所述第一旋转轴线B平行的第二旋转轴线C，所述支架21通过所述第一铰接结构与所述第二铰接结构连接，以使得所述支架21与所述滚轮23一起能够绕所述第一旋转轴线B转动，同时，使得所述支架21与所述滚轮23以及所述第一铰接结构一起能够绕所述第二旋转轴线C转动，过所述滚轮23的中心点的基准旋转轴线A、所述第一旋转轴线B与所述第二旋转轴线C相互平行但不共线，所述基准旋转轴线A经过所述滚轮23的着地点G。
本公开提供的万向轮2可以应用于任意的行走机构，万向轮2通过第二铰接结构与行走机构连接。通过上述技术方案，本公开提供的万向轮2具有两个垂直旋转轴线，即第一旋转轴线和第二旋转轴线，第一铰接结构与万向轮的第一铰接点位于第一旋转轴线B上，第二铰接结构与行走机构的第二铰接点位于第二旋转轴线C上，由于基准旋转轴线A、所述第一旋转轴线B 与所述第二旋转轴线C相互平行但不共线，因此三者中两两之间具有间距，为了便于描述，定义基准旋转轴线A与第一旋转轴线B之间的间距为R，第一旋转轴线B与第二旋转轴线C之间的间距为r。通过设置第一铰接结构，基准旋转轴线A与第二旋转轴线C之间的间距可以为[|R-r|,(R+r)]区间的任意值，因此，第一铰接点的存在使得第二铰接点能够在其自身所在的水平面(此处的“水平面”是指与第二旋转轴线垂直的平面)内到达以|R-r|为半径、绕第一基准旋转线A所画的圆与以(R+r)为半径、绕第一基准旋转线A所画的圆之间的区域内的任意一个位置，也就是说，由于第一铰接点的存在，打断了第二铰接点与基准旋转轴线A之间的固定距离，第二铰接点相对于万向轮的着地点G具有多个自由度。当行走机构的行驶方向改变大于90°的角度时，在滚轮23绕其着地点G旋转以调整其水平旋转轴线的方向的过程中，第二铰接点的运动轨迹不再受到限制，能够直接切换运动方向，不会出现运动死点，从而能够避免行走机构转向行驶的过程出现不必要的晃动，保证行驶的平稳性。
具体地，参考图6所示，第二铰接点(用“□”表示)在初始位置c时的初始状态为沿箭头N所指的方向行驶，此时第一铰接点(用“△”表示)位于初始位置b，位置c和位置b以及着地点G(用“○”表示)共线且该直线与箭头N所指的方向重合，着地点G与位置b之间的间距为基准旋转轴线A与第一旋转轴线B之间的间距R，位置b与位置c之间的间距为第一旋转轴线B与第二旋转轴线C之间的间距r。因此，经过上述分析可知，在该图中，第二铰接点能够到达的区域是以G为圆心、以R+r为半径所画的圆(对应该图中的外圆)与以G为圆心、以|R-r|为半径所画的圆(该图中R＝r，因此，未示出该圆)之间的部分。若第二铰接点欲改变方向(大于90°)行驶，即从初始位置c改变为以沿箭头N1(对应变向角度为120°)或N2(对应变向角度为135°)或N3(对应变向角度为150°)或N4(对应变向角 度为165°)所指的方向行驶，那么，因为过初始位置c、沿箭头N1或N2或N3或N4方向延伸的直线的初始段(位置a与位置c1或位置c2或位置c3或位置c4之间的直线距离)落入第二铰接点能够到达的区域内，因此，第二铰接点能够从初始位置a直接换向以沿箭头N1或N2或N3或N4所指的方向直线行驶，在从位置a运动到位置c1或位置c2或位置c3或位置c4的过程中，第一铰接点在其所在的水平面(此处的“水平面”是指与第一旋转轴线垂直的平面)内绕基准旋转轴线A(经过着地点G)、以R为半径所画的圆上运动，即滚轮23绕其着地点G转动。当第二铰接点到达位置c1或位置c2或位置c3或位置c4时，基准旋转轴线A、第一旋转轴线B和第三旋转轴线C共面，此时，从该图上看，第一铰接点和第二铰接点与着地点G共线。当第二铰接点越过位置c1或位置c2或位置c3或位置c4时，在万向轮2调整其自身水平旋转轴线的方向的同时，滚轮23还绕水平旋转轴线转动，以随行走机构一起移动。
其中，通过设置所述基准旋转轴线A与所述第一旋转轴线B之间的间距R与所述第一旋转轴线B与所述第二旋转轴线C之间的间距r，能够获得所需的改变方向的最大角度，即所改变的方向的角度小于该最大角度时，不会出现运动死点。可选择地，所述基准旋转轴线A与所述第一旋转轴线B之间的间距R可以等于所述第一旋转轴线B与所述第二旋转轴线C之间的间距r，在这种情况下，第二铰接点在改变180°方向(沿箭头N5方向)时能够从初始位置直接反向直线行驶，对应于图6中所示，第二铰接点能够从初始位置c沿箭头N方向行驶直接改变为箭头N5所指的方向直线行驶。对应地，在R＝r时，允许无运动死点地180°的方向改变。
另外，所述基准旋转轴线A与所述第一旋转轴线B之间的间距R在所述轮轴(22)的轴线(即上述水平旋转轴线)方向上具有分量，该分量为所述基准旋转轴线A与所述第一旋转轴线B之间的偏心间距P，参考图5所示。 由于此偏心间距P的存在，使得滚轮23在相对于地面滚动的过程中，所受到的摩擦力使得滚轮23总是有绕第一旋转轴线B转动的趋势，即改变滚轮23的行驶方向。因此，当万向轮23在直线行驶的情况下转弯时，上述这种趋势使得滚轮23能够立即改变行驶方向，不会出现锁死的现象。
在本公开提供的具体实施方式中，第一铰接结构和第二铰接结构可以以任意合适的方式构造。可选择地，所述第一铰接结构构造为第一轴承24，所述第二铰接结构构造为第二轴承25，参考图3中所示，所述第一轴承24包括第一内圈241和第一外圈242，所述第二轴承25包括第二内圈251和第二外圈252，所述第一内圈241和所述第一外圈242中的一者与所述支架21固定连接，所述第一内圈241和所述第一外圈242中的另一者与所述第二内圈251和所述第二外圈252中的一者固定连接。作为一种选择，所述第一外圈242与所述支架21固定连接，所述第一内圈241与所述第二外圈252固定连接。为了便于设置，所述第一轴承24与所述第二轴承25之间设置有轴承座26，该轴承座26固定于所述第一内圈241，所述第二外圈252固定于所述轴承座26。
在本公开提供的具体实施方式中，万向轮支架21可以以任意合适的方式构造。可选择地，参考图3和图5中所示，所述万向轮支架21包括彼此平行的第一连接板211和第二连接板212以及连接在所述第一连接板211和第二连接板212之间的中间连接部213，所述轮轴22固定于在所述第一连接板211和所述第二连接板212之间，且所述轮轴22的轴线O与所述第一连接板211和所述第二连接板212垂直。为了便于第一轴承24设置，所述中间连接部213设置有凹槽，该凹槽用作所述第一轴承24的轴承室，所述第一外圈242固定于所述凹槽中。
在上述方案的基础上，本公开还提供一种行走机构，包括底座11，其中，所述行走机构还包括多个上述的万向轮2，每个万向轮2的所述第一铰接结 构通过所述第二铰接结构与所述底座11连接，所述支架21、所述滚轮23和所述第一铰接结构整体能够绕所述第二旋转轴线C相对于所述底座11转动。在上述具体实施方式中，第二轴承25的第二内圈251固定于底座11。
此外，本公开还提供一种自主移动搬运机器人，该自主移动搬运机器人包括上述的行走机构。
以上结合附图详细描述了本公开的优选实施方式，但是，本公开并不限于上述实施方式中的具体细节，在本公开的技术构思范围内，可以对本公开的技术方案进行多种简单变型，这些简单变型均属于本公开的保护范围。
另外需要说明的是，在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特征，在不矛盾的情况下，可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合。为了避免不必要的重复，本公开对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。
此外，本公开的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合，只要其不违背本公开的思想，其同样应当视为本公开所公开的内容。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种万向轮，包括支架(21)和通过轮轴(22)安装于所述支架(21)的滚轮(23)，其特征在于，所述万向轮(2)还包括第一铰接结构和第二铰接结构，所述第一铰接结构限定与所述轮轴(22)的轴线(O)垂直的第一旋转轴线(B)，所述第二铰接结构限定与所述第一旋转轴线(B)平行的第二旋转轴线(C)，所述支架(21)通过所述第一铰接结构与所述第二铰接结构连接，以使得所述支架(21)与所述滚轮(23)一起能够绕所述第一旋转轴线(B)转动，同时，使得所述支架(21)与所述滚轮(23)以及所述第一铰接结构一起能够绕所述第二旋转轴线(C)转动，过所述滚轮(23)的中心点的基准旋转轴线(A)、所述第一旋转轴线(B)与所述第二旋转轴线(C)相互平行但不共线，所述基准旋转轴线(A)经过所述滚轮(23)的着地点(G)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的万向轮，其特征在于，所述基准旋转轴线(A)与所述第一旋转轴线(B)之间的间距等于所述第一旋转轴线(B)与所述第二旋转轴线(C)之间的间距。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的万向轮，其特征在于，所述基准旋转轴线(A)与所述第一旋转轴线(B)之间的间距为第一间距，该第一间距在所述轮轴(22)的轴线方向上的分量为所述基准旋转轴线(A)与所述第一旋转轴线(B)之间的偏心间距(P)。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的万向轮，其特征在于，所述第一铰接结构构造为第一轴承(24)，所述第二铰接结构构造为第二轴承(25)，所述第一轴承(24)包括第一内圈(241)和第一外圈(242)，所述第二轴承(25)包 括第二内圈(251)和第二外圈(252)，所述第一内圈(241)和所述第一外圈(242)中的一者与所述支架(21)固定连接，所述第一内圈(241)和所述第一外圈(242)中的另一者与所述第二内圈(251)和所述第二外圈(252)中的一者固定连接。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的万向轮，其特征在于，所述第一外圈(242)与所述支架(21)固定连接，所述第一内圈(241)与所述第二外圈(252)固定连接。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的万向轮，其特征在于，所述第一轴承(24)与所述第二轴承(25)之间设置有轴承座(26)，该轴承座(26)固定于所述第一内圈(241)，所述第二外圈(252)固定于所述轴承座(26)。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的万向轮，其特征在于，所述支架(21)包括彼此平行的第一连接板(211)和第二连接板(212)以及连接在所述第一连接板(211)和第二连接板(212)之间的中间连接部(213)，所述轮轴(22)固定于在所述第一连接板(211)和所述第二连接板(212)之间，且所述轮轴(22)的轴线(O)与所述第一连接板(211)和所述第二连接板(212)垂直。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的万向轮，其特征在于，所述中间连接部(213)设置有凹槽，该凹槽用作所述第一轴承(24)的轴承室，所述第一外圈(242)固定于所述凹槽中。
  9. 一种行走机构，包括底座(11)，其特征在于，所述行走机构还包括多个根据权利要求1-8中任意一项所述的万向轮(2)，每个万向轮(2)的 所述第一铰接结构通过所述第二铰接结构与所述底座(11)连接，所述支架(21)、所述滚轮(23)和所述第一铰接结构整体能够绕所述第二旋转轴线(C)相对于所述底座(11)转动。
  10. 一种自主移动搬运机器人，其特征在于，所述自主移动搬运机器人包括根据权利要求9所述的行走机构。
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JP2003246202A (ja) * 2002-02-21 2003-09-02 Nansin Co Ltd 双輪キャスタ
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CN105415972A (zh) * 2015-12-03 2016-03-23 广东生益科技股份有限公司 重载万向轮
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