WO2019189350A1 - κ-カゼイングリコマクロペプチドを含む組成物の製造方法 - Google Patents
κ-カゼイングリコマクロペプチドを含む組成物の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019189350A1 WO2019189350A1 PCT/JP2019/013166 JP2019013166W WO2019189350A1 WO 2019189350 A1 WO2019189350 A1 WO 2019189350A1 JP 2019013166 W JP2019013166 W JP 2019013166W WO 2019189350 A1 WO2019189350 A1 WO 2019189350A1
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- Prior art keywords
- gmp
- treatment
- aqueous solution
- membrane
- permeate
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 160
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 108010028463 kappa-casein glycomacropeptide Proteins 0.000 title claims description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 157
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 136
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims description 109
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 69
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 67
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 46
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 108010046377 Whey Proteins Proteins 0.000 abstract description 101
- 102000007544 Whey Proteins Human genes 0.000 abstract description 98
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 64
- 239000005862 Whey Substances 0.000 abstract description 63
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 60
- 235000013351 cheese Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 38
- 235000021119 whey protein Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 37
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 36
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 210000004379 membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 128
- 238000011026 diafiltration Methods 0.000 description 62
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 58
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 50
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 46
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 25
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 25
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 24
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 23
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 20
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 18
- 108010076119 Caseins Proteins 0.000 description 15
- 102000011632 Caseins Human genes 0.000 description 15
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 108010058314 rennet Proteins 0.000 description 15
- 229940108461 rennet Drugs 0.000 description 15
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 14
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 14
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 description 11
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 11
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 10
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 9
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- -1 transition metal salt Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 8
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 8
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 8
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229940086066 potassium hydrogencarbonate Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 6
- HEFNNWSXXWATRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ibuprofen Chemical compound CC(C)CC1=CC=C(C(C)C(O)=O)C=C1 HEFNNWSXXWATRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000005629 sialic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 102000008192 Lactoglobulins Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108010060630 Lactoglobulins Proteins 0.000 description 4
- FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Fe] FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- SQVRNKJHWKZAKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-N-Acetyl-D-neuraminic acid Natural products CC(=O)NC1C(O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)OC1C(O)C(O)CO SQVRNKJHWKZAKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- JZCCFEFSEZPSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.[Cu+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O JZCCFEFSEZPSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001962 electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000020256 human milk Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 210000004251 human milk Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 3
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229960003975 potassium Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012264 purified product Substances 0.000 description 3
- SQVRNKJHWKZAKO-OQPLDHBCSA-N sialic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)C[C@@](O)(C(O)=O)OC1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO SQVRNKJHWKZAKO-OQPLDHBCSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 3
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000004407 Lactalbumin Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000942 Lactalbumin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 108010067454 caseinomacropeptide Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002198 insoluble material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001428 transition metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000021241 α-lactalbumin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IUVCFHHAEHNCFT-INIZCTEOSA-N 2-[(1s)-1-[4-amino-3-(3-fluoro-4-propan-2-yloxyphenyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-1-yl]ethyl]-6-fluoro-3-(3-fluorophenyl)chromen-4-one Chemical compound C1=C(F)C(OC(C)C)=CC=C1C(C1=C(N)N=CN=C11)=NN1[C@@H](C)C1=C(C=2C=C(F)C=CC=2)C(=O)C2=CC(F)=CC=C2O1 IUVCFHHAEHNCFT-INIZCTEOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lactate Chemical compound CC(O)C([O-])=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 102000057297 Pepsin A Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000284 Pepsin A Proteins 0.000 description 1
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- NKWPZUCBCARRDP-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OC([O-])=O.OC([O-])=O NKWPZUCBCARRDP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000020 calcium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005277 cation exchange chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000020247 cow milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009295 crossflow filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013376 functional food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000001156 gastric mucosa Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000020251 goat milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NQXWGWZJXJUMQB-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Cl-].Cl[Fe+]Cl NQXWGWZJXJUMQB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001471 micro-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- XONPDZSGENTBNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N molecular hydrogen;sodium Chemical compound [Na].[H][H] XONPDZSGENTBNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940111202 pepsin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000020254 sheep milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021246 κ-casein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/46—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- C07K14/47—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
- C07K14/4701—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals not used
- C07K14/4732—Casein
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23J—PROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
- A23J1/00—Obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs; Bulk opening of eggs and separation of yolks from whites
- A23J1/20—Obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs; Bulk opening of eggs and separation of yolks from whites from milk, e.g. casein; from whey
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/17—Amino acids, peptides or proteins
- A23L33/19—Dairy proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- A61K38/1703—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- A61K38/1709—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a composition containing ⁇ -casein glycomacropeptide (hereinafter also referred to as “GMP”).
- GMP ⁇ -casein glycomacropeptide
- LA ⁇ -lactalbumin
- GMP one of the sialic acids contained in milk, is also called caseino macropeptide (hereinafter also referred to as “CMP”), and is produced when rennet or pepsin is allowed to act on ⁇ casein in milk. It is a binding peptide. It is conventionally known that GMP is contained in cheese whey and rennet casein whey. The molecular weight of GMP is about 9,000 Da, and it is said that it exists as a monomer below pH 4, and as a polymer (molecular weight above 50,000 Da) above pH 4.
- Breast milk contains about 3 to 5 times as much sialic acids as milk, and these sialic acids are also considered to function as an infection protective factor for infants.
- GMP which is one of sialic acids
- LA is a major protein that accounts for approximately 30% of the protein contained in breast milk.
- LA is known to have various physiologically active functions such as gastric mucosa protective action.
- LA is a protein having a molecular weight of about 14,000 Da.
- Patent Document 1 (1) obtains a permeate obtained by ultrafiltration membrane treatment with a molecular weight cut-off of 10,000 to 50,000 Da after adjusting the milk raw material containing GMP to less than pH 4, and this permeate. Is produced using a membrane having a molecular weight cut-off of 50,000 Da or less, and a method for producing GMP is disclosed. Patent Document 1 describes that the permeate obtained in (1) is again adjusted to pH 4 or higher and then concentrated using an ultrafiltration membrane having a fractional molecular weight of 50,000 Da or less, or obtained in (1). A method for obtaining a composition having a high GMP content by concentrating the permeate using an ultrafiltration membrane having a fractional molecular weight of 10,000 Da or less is disclosed.
- whey protein whey adjusted to pH 5.0 or higher is heated at a temperature of 80 ° C. or higher to produce whey protein aggregates, and the aggregates are microfiltration membranes or fractions having a pore size of 0.5 ⁇ m or less.
- a method for producing a composition having a high GMP content characterized in that GMP is recovered in a membrane permeate by separation with an ultrafiltration membrane having a molecular weight of 50,000 Da or more.
- US Pat. No. 6,053,097 comprises a step of providing a whey-derived feed comprising CMP and at least one additional protein, having a pH of at most 4, and an ultrafiltration membrane that allows monomer CMP to pass through.
- a filter to ultrafilter the whey-derived feed, thereby providing a UF permeate enriched for CMP and a UF residue, and a first composition derived from the UF permeate Containing a caseino macropeptide comprising: contacting a product with a cation exchange material; and collecting a fraction of the first composition that does not bind to the cation exchange material, thereby obtaining the CMP-containing composition.
- a method for producing the composition is disclosed.
- Patent Document 4 discloses an ultrafiltration membrane in which the whey is cooled, the pH is adjusted to 6 to 9 after addition of Ca and / or Mg, and the precipitate formed after heating and holding at 40 to 60 ° C. has a membrane pore diameter of 1 ⁇ m or less. Removing the concentrated solution by treating with a membrane having a pore size of 50,000 Da or less after adjusting the pH of the obtained filtrate to 4 or more, and collecting the concentrated solution with a pH of 3.0 to 5 After adjusting to 0.0, heat and hold at 40 to 55 ° C.
- Example 1 described in Patent Document 1 assuming that the protein concentration in 1 kg of whey protein concentrate is 80% by mass and the GMP content with respect to the total protein concentration is 15% by mass, it can be obtained by freeze-drying the concentrated solution. Based on 54 g of GMP, the GMP recovery is 45%. On the other hand, when the protein concentration in Gouda cheese whey 500L was assumed to be 0.7 mass% using Example 2 and the GMP content relative to the total protein concentration was 15 mass%, it was obtained by concentration, desalting, and lyophilization. Based on 5.7 g of GMP, the GMP recovery rate was 1.1%, and when the starting material was cheese whey, there was a problem that the recovery rate was significantly reduced. Moreover, although there was description regarding the purity of the obtained GMP composition in patent document 2, there was no description regarding a recovery rate, and it was unknown.
- the first object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a composition containing GMP with a high yield even if the starting material is cheese whey or whey protein concentrate, although the operation is simple. To do.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 have many essential steps and are complicated to operate, and require considerable time and labor to obtain the target product. Therefore, an unprecedented novel method for producing a composition containing GMP that can solve the above problems has been demanded.
- This invention makes it a 2nd subject to provide the manufacturing method of the composition containing GMP with easy operation and shortening manufacturing time.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 In addition, in the techniques disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 3, obtaining LA is not disclosed at all, and many steps are required to obtain a target product. In addition, Patent Documents 3 and 4 that disclose recovery of both GMP and LA have many essential steps, are very complicated in operation, and require considerable time and labor to obtain a target product. there were. Therefore, an unprecedented novel method for producing a composition containing GMP and LA that can solve the above-described problems has been demanded. It is a third object of the present invention to provide a method for producing a composition containing GMP and LA that is easy to operate and has a short production time.
- GMP has a molecular weight of about 9,000 Da, and is said to exist as a monomer below pH 4, and as a polymer (molecular weight above 50,000 Da) above pH 4.
- an aqueous solution of milk raw material containing GMP and having a pH of 4 to 9 was prepared, and hydrogen carbonate ions and / or carbonate ions, metal ions, It has been found that a composition containing GMP can be obtained from a permeate obtained by treating with a membrane having a fractional molecular weight of 9,000 to 50,000 Da, even though the pH is 4 or more. , Completed the invention.
- the present invention includes the following configurations.
- a composition containing GMP comprising: a step of obtaining an aqueous solution after pretreatment, and a step of (C) subjecting the aqueous solution after pretreatment to membrane treatment using a membrane having a fractional molecular weight of 9,000 Da or more and 300,000 Da or less. Manufacturing method.
- a composition containing GMP comprising: a step of obtaining an aqueous solution after pretreatment, and a step of (C) subjecting the aqueous solution after pretreatment to membrane treatment using a membrane having a fractional molecular weight of 9,000 Da or more and 300,000 Da or less. Manufacturing method.
- GMP has a molecular weight of about 9,000 Da, and is said to exist as a monomer below pH 4, and as a polymer (molecular weight above 50,000 Da) above pH 4.
- an aqueous solution of milk raw material containing GMP and having a pH of 4 to 9 is prepared, and hydrogen carbonate ions and / or carbonate ions are generated in the aqueous solution.
- the present inventors have found that a composition containing GMP can be obtained from a permeate obtained by treatment with a membrane having a molecular weight cut off of 9,000 to 50,000 Da even though the pH is 4 or more. .
- the present invention includes the following configurations.
- A a step of preparing an aqueous solution containing a milk raw material having a pH of 4 to 9, and (B) producing hydrogen carbonate ions and / or carbonate ions in the aqueous solution;
- C a step of subjecting the aqueous solution in which the hydrogen carbonate ions and / or carbonate ions are generated to a membrane treatment using a membrane having a fractional molecular weight of 9,000 to 50,000 Da;
- a process for producing a composition comprising GMP comprising: (2)
- D The method for producing the composition according to (1), further comprising a step of obtaining a composition containing GMP as the permeate in the step (C).
- the manufacturing method of the composition as described in (1) or (2) which does not include the process of adjusting pH of the aqueous solution containing a milk raw material from less than 4 to 4 or more, (4) (E) The composition according to any one of (1) to (3), further comprising a step of subjecting the concentrated liquid obtained in the step (C) to the membrane treatment again to obtain a repermeated liquid. Manufacturing method, (5) (F) The method according to any one of (1) to (4), further comprising a step of concentrating the permeate and / or the repermeate using a membrane having a molecular weight cut-off smaller than 9,000.
- composition Production method of composition, and (6) The composition according to any one of (1) to (5), wherein the molecular weight cut-off of the membrane used in the step (C) is 30,000 to 50,000 Da Manufacturing method.
- C. Third embodiment As a result of intensive studies by the inventors, an aqueous solution containing GMP and LA and having a pH of 4 to 9 is prepared, and hydrogen carbonate ions and / or carbonate ions and metal ions are generated in the aqueous solution. The inventors have found that a composition containing GMP and LA can be obtained from a permeate obtained by membrane treatment using a membrane having a fractional molecular weight of 300,000 Da or less, and completed the invention. Specifically, the present invention includes the following configurations.
- A a step of preparing an aqueous solution containing a milk raw material having a pH of 4 to 9, and (B) producing hydrogen carbonate ions and / or carbonate ions in the aqueous solution; (C) generating metal ions; (D) subjecting the aqueous solution in which the hydrogen carbonate ions and / or carbonate ions and metal ions are generated to membrane treatment using a membrane having a molecular weight cut off of 9,000 to 300,000 Da;
- a method for producing a composition comprising GMP and LA characterized by comprising: (2)
- E The method for producing the composition according to (1), further comprising a step of obtaining a composition containing GMP and LA as the permeate in the step (D).
- composition according to (1) or (2) which does not include a step of adjusting the pH of the aqueous solution containing the milk raw material from less than 4 to 4 or more before the step (D), (4) The composition according to any one of (1) to (3), further comprising: (F) subjecting the concentrated liquid obtained in the step (D) to the membrane treatment again to obtain a repermeated liquid. And (5) (G) further comprising the step of concentrating the permeate and / or repermeate using a membrane having a molecular weight cut-off smaller than 9,000.
- the manufacturing method of the composition in any one.
- the invention according to the first embodiment provides an unprecedented method for producing a composition containing a novel GMP.
- a method for producing a composition containing GMP which is simple in operation but has a high yield regardless of whether the starting material is cheese whey or whey protein concentrate.
- the invention according to the second embodiment provides an unprecedented novel method for producing a composition containing GMP that can solve the above-mentioned problems.
- GMP can be recovered in a high yield by a simple technique.
- the invention according to the third embodiment provides an unprecedented novel method for producing a composition containing GMP and LA that can solve the above-mentioned problems.
- GMP and LA can be recovered in a high yield by a simple technique. There is no report yet on a method capable of recovering GMP and LA at a high yield and with a small number of steps.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for producing a composition containing GMP.
- GMP which is a sialic acid
- whey protein concentrate WPC
- WPI whey protein isolate
- desalted cheese whey powder non-desalted cheese whey powder, and the like.
- the same material as GMP can be used for LA.
- an aqueous solution of the above-described milk raw material is prepared.
- the solid concentration at this time is preferably 0.001% by mass or more, more preferably 0.001% by mass to 35% by mass, and 0.01% by mass to 20% by mass. Is most preferred.
- the pH of the aqueous solution containing the milk raw material is preferably in the range of 4 to 9. This is because the selectivity of the permeated liquid and the concentrated liquid in the concentration treatment step is enhanced by satisfying the pH conditions, the conditions of carbonic acid (hydrogen) ions and metal ions, and the conditions of the permeable membrane described later.
- the pH of the aqueous solution containing the milk raw material is within the range of 4 to 9, it is not necessary to adjust the pH, but when the pH of the aqueous solution containing the milk raw material is less than 4 or more than 9, the pH is 4 to 9. You may adjust so that it may become.
- any pH can be used as long as it can be used for the production of foods and pharmaceuticals to be taken orally.
- the reagent for adjusting the pH from above 9 to 9 or less include the use of one or more acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, lactic acid, etc., and the reagent for adjusting the pH from less than 4 to 4 or more
- the use of one or more bases such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide can be exemplified.
- the pH may be 4 to 9, preferably greater than 4 and 9 or less, more preferably pH 4.5 to 8.5, still more preferably pH 5.0 to 8.5, and pH 5.5. To 8.5 is more preferred, and pH 6.0 to 8.5 is most preferred.
- hydrogen carbonate ions and / or carbonate ions are generated in an aqueous solution containing a milk raw material and having a pH of 4 to 9.
- the bicarbonate ions and / or carbonate ions may be generated simultaneously with the preparation of the aqueous solution containing the milk raw material and having a pH of 4 to 9, but in order to prevent the disappearance of the bicarbonate ions and / or carbonate ions, It is preferably generated after preparation.
- carbonate (hydrogen) ion includes carbonate ion, bicarbonate ion, or both.
- the bicarbonate ion and / or carbonate ion may be generated by any component or method as long as it generates carbonate ion and / or bicarbonate ion in an aqueous solution. These compounds and / or methods may be combined to produce carbonate ions and / or bicarbonate ions.
- a method of adding carbon dioxide such as injecting gaseous carbon dioxide, adding liquid or solid carbon dioxide, a method of adding a bicarbonate such as sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, calcium bicarbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, Examples thereof include a method of adding a carbonate such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, ammonium carbonate, or calcium carbonate.
- an aqueous solution in which these salts are dissolved in water to generate carbonate ions and / or bicarbonate ions may be added to the aqueous solution containing the milk ingredients.
- Hydrogen carbonate or carbonate may be directly added to the aqueous solution.
- a solution having a pH of 4 to 9 containing a milk raw material containing GMP is prepared, and hydrogen carbonate ions and / or carbonate ions are generated in the aqueous solution.
- the concentration of bicarbonate ions and / or carbonate ions in the solution can be 0.001% by mass or more and 5% by mass or less. Specific ranges include 0.001 to 5 mass%, 0.0025 to 3 mass%, 0.005 to 2 mass%, 0.0075 to 2 mass%, 0.01 to 2 mass%, and 0.025. It can be ⁇ 2% by weight, or 0.05 ⁇ 2% by weight.
- the light metal salt and / or transition metal salt used in the embodiment will be described.
- the light metal salt and / or transition metal salt may be any as long as it contains a monovalent to trivalent cation of the light metal or transition metal, and one or more metal ions can be used.
- Light metal ions and / or transition metal ions contained in light metal salts and / or transition metal salts include sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, manganese, iron, copper, zinc, etc., but are present in foods and humans Sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, manganese, iron, copper, zinc and the like are preferably used.
- Examples of the light metal salt and / or transition metal salt include hydrochloride, sulfate, nitrate, acetate, lactate, carbonate, oxalate, phosphate, and the like.
- inorganic salts and organic salts of light metals and / or transition metals mineral materials derived from milk, and whey minerals produced during the production of WPI and / or WPC can be used.
- an ultrafiltration membrane having a molecular weight cut-off smaller than 9,000 when using cheese whey and rennet casein whey as raw materials, or when using raw materials obtained by adding a raw material containing GMP to acid whey, an ultrafiltration membrane having a molecular weight cut-off smaller than 9,000 Alternatively, a permeate containing whey mineral obtained when adjusting GMP by pretreatment with the above may be used.
- an aqueous solution in which metal ions are generated by dissolving these salts may be added to an aqueous solution containing milk raw materials, or directly into an aqueous solution containing milk raw materials.
- a light metal salt and / or carbonate By adding a light metal salt and / or carbonate, hydrogen carbonate ions and / or carbonate ions and metal ions can be generated simultaneously.
- metal ions When metal ions are generated in an aqueous solution containing milk raw materials, metal ions may be generated simultaneously with hydrogen carbonate ions and / or carbonate ions in an aqueous solution containing milk raw materials and adjusted to pH 4-9. When not generating, it is preferable to generate metal ions after hydrogen carbonate ions and / or carbonate ions are generated.
- the lower limit of the metal ion in the solution is 0.0001% by mass or more, 0.00025% by mass or more, 0.0005% by mass or more, 0.00075% by mass or more, or 0.001% by mass or more.
- the upper limit of the concentration of metal ions in the solution can be 5% by mass or less, 3% by mass or less, or 2% by mass or less. Specific ranges are 0.0001-5 mass%, 0.00025-3 mass%, 0.0005-2 mass%, 0.00075-2 mass%, or 0.001-2 mass%. Can do.
- Separatation membrane In the method for producing a composition containing GMP according to the embodiment, a bicarbonate ion and / or a carbonate ion, a light metal salt and / or a transition metal salt in an aqueous solution containing a milk raw material and having a pH of 4 to 9.
- the resulting product is subjected to membrane treatment.
- Any membrane can be used as long as the molecular weight cut off is 9,000 to 300,000 Da, preferably 10,000 to 300,000 Da, more preferably 20,000 to 100,000 Da. Preferably, 30,000 to 100,000 Da is most preferable.
- the film material examples include polysulfone, polyether sulfone, tetrafluoroethylene, ceramic, hydrophilic films such as cellulose acetate, nitrocellulose, polyacrylonitrile, and aromatic polyamide, or charged films.
- the membrane treatment method used in the method for producing the composition containing GMP according to the embodiment may be any method as long as it is a method commonly used in the treatment and production of foods and pharmaceuticals taken orally. Examples thereof include filtration in a flow system and diafiltration.
- the permeate in this membrane treatment can be obtained as a composition containing GMP. It is not necessary to adjust the temperature of the solution during the membrane treatment, but it is preferably 0 ° C. or higher and 15 ° C. or lower in consideration of the growth of microorganisms.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for producing a composition containing GMP. The manufacturing method of the composition containing GMP is demonstrated using the flowchart of FIG. In addition, although the method example of FIG. 1 is used for description, the present invention is not limited to this method example.
- Step 1 Pretreatment of aqueous solution containing milk raw materials (Step 1) A milk raw material is dissolved in water to prepare an aqueous solution containing GMP.
- the aqueous solution containing GMP has an ultrafine pH of the aqueous solution containing GMP and has a molecular weight cut-off smaller than 9,000 Da before hydrogen carbonate ions and / or carbonate ions are generated in the aqueous solution containing GMP. It is preferable to adjust the concentration of GMP by pretreatment with a filtration membrane or the like. Moreover, it is preferable to remove fats, insolubles, etc. using a pretreatment such as a cream separator or clarifier. It is also possible to heat-treat the aqueous solution containing the milk raw material and GMP for the purpose of sterilization.
- Step 2 Concentration treatment of aqueous solution containing milk raw materials
- Concentration treatment A Concentration treatment of an aqueous solution containing GMP is performed (concentration treatment A).
- GMP-containing permeate a permeate containing GMP
- Concentrate 1 a concentrate (concentrate 1) are obtained.
- Any membrane can be used for the concentration treatment as long as the molecular weight cut off is 9,000 to 300,000 Da, preferably 10,000 to 300,000 Da, more preferably 20,000 to 100,000 Da. 30,000 to 100,000 Da is most preferable.
- Step 3 One method for improving the yield of GMP is a diafiltration (hereinafter also referred to as “DF”) treatment of the concentrate 1.
- GMP remaining in the concentrate 1 can be recovered from the permeate (GMP-containing permeate 2) by DF treatment in which membrane treatment is performed while adding water or the like to the concentrate 1. It is preferable to collect GMP as much as possible from the repermeate (GMP-containing permeate 2) by repeating this.
- Water added to the concentrate includes filtered water, ion-exchanged water, distilled water, ultrapure water, a permeate obtained by concentrating a permeate containing GMP by membrane treatment, a solution with adjusted pH and ionic strength, or A mixture of these can be used.
- step 4 Concentration and / or desalting treatment of GMP-containing permeate (steps 4 and 5) Since the composition containing GMP (GMP-containing permeate 1 and GMP-containing permeate 2) obtained as a permeate for membrane treatment contains lactose and minerals in addition to the target GMP, the molecular weight cutoff is 9 It is possible to concentrate and desalinate using an ultrafiltration membrane having a fractional molecular weight of less than 1,000 Da, that is, to remove lactose and minerals. Thereby, it is possible to further increase the GMP content in the composition. The molecular weight cutoff of the ultrafiltration membrane for concentration and / or desalting is preferably 5,000 Da or less.
- step 6 Spray drying and / or lyophilization of the composition containing GMP (step 6) Furthermore, it is possible to obtain a composition containing GMP with reduced water content by means such as spray drying and / or freeze drying.
- Example A1 Preparation of composition containing GMP from cheese whey Step 1: 40 kg of cheddar cheese whey was clarified at 75 ° C. and subjected to clarifier to remove insoluble matters. After removing the insoluble matter, the cheddar cheese whey was concentrated 4 times using an ultrafiltration membrane with a molecular weight cut off of 5,000 Da to obtain 10 kg of concentrate and 30 kg of permeate. Sodium bicarbonate was added to 10 kg of this cheddar cheese whey concentrate and stirred well. Thereafter, 2.5 kg of permeate was added to prepare 12.5 kg of desalted cheddar cheese whey having a sodium bicarbonate concentration of 0.42% by mass. The pH of 0.42 mass% sodium bicarbonate-desalted cheddar cheese whey was 8.4.
- Step 2 The aqueous solution obtained in Step 1 was filtered by a cross-flow system using a filtration membrane (polysulfone material, molecular weight cut off 50,000 Da, membrane area 0.2 m 2 ).
- the temperature was 10 ° C., and the average operating pressure was 0.2 MPa, and 6.25 kg of the concentrated liquid and 6.25 kg of the permeated liquid (composition containing GMP) were obtained by this treatment, and the pH of the obtained permeated liquid was 7.5. Met.
- Step 3 DF treatment was performed on 6.25 kg of the concentrate obtained in Step 2.
- the filtration membrane used and the operating conditions are the same as described in Step 2.
- the DF treatment was terminated when the re-permeate (composition containing GMP) reached 18.75 kg.
- Step 4 A total of 25 kg (pH 7.6) of the permeate and repermeate obtained in Steps 2 and 3 was used with a filtration membrane (polyether sulfone material, molecular weight cut off 5,000 Da, membrane area 0.33 m 2) .
- Concentration treatment was carried out by a cross flow method under the treatment conditions of a temperature of 10 ° C. and an average operating pressure of 0.4 MPa, whereby 5 kg of concentrate (composition containing GMP) and 20 kg of permeate were obtained.
- Step 5 Subsequently, DF treatment of 5 kg of the concentrate containing GMP obtained in Step 4 was performed.
- the used filtration membrane and operating conditions are the same as in Step 4.
- the DF treatment was finished when the permeate reached 10 kg.
- Step 6 5 kg of concentrated liquid containing GMP after DF treatment was freeze-dried to obtain 75 g of powdered GMP.
- the content of dry powdery GMP was 37% by mass per solid content.
- the recovery rate of GMP from the used raw material was 50% by mass.
- Example A2 Preparation of Whey Protein Purified Product (WPI) and Composition Containing GMP from Whey Mineral Material Step 1: 8% by weight WPI aqueous solution, whey using cheese whey-derived Provon 190 (Glanbia) as WPI A 2 mass% whey mineral aqueous solution was prepared using FondlacSL (Meggle) as a mineral material. The ash content analysis value of FondacSL was 5024 mg for K, 1704 mg for Na, 252 mg for Mg, and 1044 mg for Ca per 100 g. Moreover, the sodium hydrogencarbonate aqueous solution which added sodium hydrogencarbonate to ion-exchange water so that a density
- Step 2 This aqueous solution was subjected to a filtration process by a cross flow method using a filtration membrane (polyether sulfone material, molecular weight cut off 50,000 Da, membrane area 0.33 m 2 ).
- the conditions for the filtration treatment were a temperature of 10 ° C. and an average operating pressure of 0.2 MPa. By this treatment, 5 kg of concentrate and 10 kg of permeate (composition containing GMP) were obtained. The pH of the obtained permeate was 7.5.
- Step 3 DF treatment was performed on 5 kg of the concentrate obtained in Step 2.
- the filtration membrane used and the operating conditions are the same as described in Step 2.
- the DF treatment was completed when the re-permeate (composition containing GMP) reached 15 kg.
- Step 4 A total of 25 kg (pH 7.5) of the permeate and repermeate obtained in Steps 2 and 3 was filtered through a membrane (polyether sulfone material, molecular weight cut off 5,000 Da, membrane area 0.33 m 2 ). Then, concentration treatment was performed by a cross flow method. The treatment conditions were a temperature of 10 ° C. and an average operating pressure of 0.4 MPa. By this treatment, 5 kg of concentrated liquid (composition containing GMP) and 20 kg of permeate were obtained.
- Step 5 Subsequently, the concentrated solution containing GMP obtained in Step 4 was subjected to DF treatment.
- the used filtration membrane and operating conditions are the same as in Step 4.
- the DF treatment was finished when the permeate reached 15 kg.
- Step 6 5 kg of the concentrated solution containing GMP after DF treatment was freeze-dried to obtain 86 g of a composition containing powdered GMP.
- the content of dry powdery GMP was 36% by mass per solid content.
- the recovery rate of GMP from the used raw material was 50% by mass.
- Example A3 Preparation of Whey Protein Purified Product (WPI) and Composition Containing GMP from Copper Sulfate Step 1: Prepare 8 mass% WPI aqueous solution using Provon 190 (Glanbia) derived from cheese whey as WPI did. Next, an aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution in which sodium hydrogen carbonate was added to ion-exchanged water so as to have a concentration of 3.36% by mass was prepared. Furthermore, a copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate aqueous solution prepared by adding copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate (Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.) to ion-exchanged water so as to have a concentration of 0.12% by mass was prepared.
- WPI Whey Protein Purified Product
- Composition Containing GMP from Copper Sulfate Step 1 Prepare 8 mass% WPI aqueous solution using Provon 190 (Glanbia) derived from cheese whey as WPI did. Next, an a
- Step 2 This aqueous solution was subjected to a filtration process by a cross flow method using a filtration membrane (polysulfone material, fractional molecular weight 100,000 Da, membrane area 0.2 m 2 ).
- the conditions for the filtration treatment were a temperature of 10 ° C. and an average operating pressure of 0.2 MPa. By this treatment, 5 kg of concentrate and 10 kg of permeate (composition containing GMP) were obtained.
- Step 3 DF treatment was performed on 5 kg of the concentrate obtained in Step 2.
- the filtration membrane used and the operating conditions are the same as described in Step 2.
- the DF treatment was terminated when the re-permeation liquid (composition containing GMP) reached 40 kg.
- Step 4 The permeate and re-permeate 50 kg (pH 7.3) obtained in Steps 2 and 3 were filtered using a filtration membrane (polyether sulfone material, molecular weight cut off 5,000 Da, membrane area 0.33 m 2 ). Concentration treatment was performed by a cross flow method. The treatment conditions were a temperature of 10 ° C. and an average operating pressure of 0.4 MPa. By this treatment, 5 kg of concentrated liquid (composition containing GMP) and 45 kg of permeate were obtained.
- a filtration membrane polyether sulfone material, molecular weight cut off 5,000 Da, membrane area 0.33 m 2 .
- Step 5 Subsequently, DF treatment of 5 kg of the concentrate containing GMP obtained in Step 4 was performed.
- the used filtration membrane and operating conditions are the same as in Step 4.
- the DF treatment was finished when the permeate reached 10 kg.
- Step 6 5 kg of concentrated solution containing GMP after DF treatment was freeze-dried to obtain 42 g of a composition containing powdered GMP.
- the content of dry powdered GMP was 40% by mass per solid content.
- the recovery rate of GMP from the used raw material was 31% by mass.
- Example A4 Preparation of Whey Protein Purified Product (WPI) and Composition Containing GMP from Iron Chloride Step 1: Prepare 8 mass% WPI aqueous solution using Provon 190 (Glanbia) derived from cheese whey as WPI did. Next, an aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution in which sodium hydrogen carbonate was added to ion-exchanged water so as to have a concentration of 3.36% by mass was prepared. Furthermore, an iron (III) chloride hexahydrate aqueous solution in which iron (III) hexahydrate (Pure Chemical Co., Ltd.) was added to ion-exchanged water so as to have a concentration of 0.14% by mass was prepared.
- Step 2 This aqueous solution was subjected to a filtration process by a cross flow method using a filtration membrane (polysulfone material, fractional molecular weight 100,000 Da, membrane area 0.2 m 2 ).
- the conditions for the filtration treatment were a temperature of 10 ° C. and an average operating pressure of 0.2 MPa. By this treatment, 5 kg of concentrate and 10 kg of permeate (composition containing GMP) were obtained.
- Step 3 DF treatment was performed on 5 kg of the concentrate obtained in Step 2.
- the filtration membrane used and the operating conditions are the same as described in Step 2.
- the DF treatment was terminated when the re-permeate (composition containing GMP) reached 30 kg.
- Step 4 The permeate and re-permeate 40 kg (pH 7.3) obtained in Steps 2 and 3 were filtered using a filtration membrane (polyether sulfone material, molecular weight cut off 5,000 Da, membrane area 0.33 m 2 ). Concentration treatment was performed by a cross flow method. The treatment conditions were a temperature of 10 ° C. and an average operating pressure of 0.4 MPa. By this treatment, 5 kg of concentrate (composition containing GMP) and 35 kg of permeate were obtained.
- a filtration membrane polyether sulfone material, molecular weight cut off 5,000 Da, membrane area 0.33 m 2 .
- Step 5 Subsequently, DF treatment of 5 kg of the concentrate containing GMP obtained in Step 4 was performed.
- the used filtration membrane and operating conditions are the same as in Step 4.
- the DF treatment was finished when the permeate reached 15 kg.
- Step 6 5 kg of concentrated solution containing GMP after DF treatment was lyophilized to obtain 71 g of a composition containing powdered GMP.
- the content of dry powdery GMP was 28% by mass per solid content.
- the recovery rate of GMP from the used raw material was 37% by mass.
- the method for producing a composition containing GMP according to the embodiment may include a step of adjusting the pH of the aqueous solution containing the milk raw material from outside the range of 4-9 to within the range of 4-9. Or it is preferable not to include such a process from a viewpoint of maintaining stability.
- the pH of the aqueous solution when the pH of the aqueous solution is in the range of 4 to 9, it is not necessary to adjust the pH to be in the range of 4 to 9. However, when the pH is less than 4 or more than 9, the pH is adjusted to 4-9. Any pH can be used as long as it can be used for the production of foods and pharmaceuticals to be taken orally.
- the reagent for adjusting the pH from above 9 to 9 or less include one or more of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, lactic acid, etc., and water as a reagent for adjusting the pH from less than 4 to 4 or more.
- One or more uses of sodium oxide, potassium hydroxide and the like can be exemplified.
- the pH may be 4-9, preferably greater than 4 and 9 or less, more preferably pH 4.5-8.5, even more preferably pH 5-8, and even more preferably pH 5.5-8.
- pH 6-8 is most preferred.
- a solution having a solid content of pH 4 to 9 is prepared, and hydrogen carbonate ions and / or carbonate ions are generated in the aqueous solution.
- the concentration of hydrogen carbonate ions and / or carbonate ions in the solution at this time may be 0.001 wt% or more and 35 wt% or less.
- the concentration of bicarbonate ions and / or carbonate ions in the solution can be 0.001 wt% or more and 5 wt% or less. Specific ranges include 0.001 to 5% by weight, 0.0025 to 3% by weight, 0.005 to 2% by weight, 0.0075 to 2% by weight, 0.01 to 2% by weight, and 0.025. It can be ⁇ 2% by weight, or 0.05-2% by weight.
- a solution in which bicarbonate ions and / or carbonate ions are generated in an aqueous solution containing a milk raw material and having a pH of 4 to 9 is subjected to membrane treatment.
- Any membrane can be used as long as the molecular weight cut off is 9,000 to 50,000 Da, preferably 10,000 to 50,000 Da, more preferably 20,000 to 50,000 Da. Preferably, 30,000 to 50,000 Da is most preferable.
- the material of the membrane include polysulfone, polyethersulfone, tetrafluoroethylene, and ceramic.
- hydrophilic materials such as cellulose acetate, nitrocellulose, polyacrylonitrile, and aromatic polyamide are used. It is preferable to use a membrane or a charged membrane.
- Diafiltration (DF) treatment method In order to obtain GMP, when obtaining a permeate containing GMP from a raw material containing GMP in membrane treatment, obtaining a repermeate as much as possible is to improve yield. preferable. More specifically, it is more preferable to add water to the concentrated liquid produced in the step (C) and perform ultrafiltration again, or repeat this to obtain a repermeated liquid.
- the water added to the concentrate is filtered water, ion-exchanged water, distilled water, ultrapure water, a permeate obtained when the permeate containing GMP is concentrated by membrane treatment, a solution with adjusted pH or ionic strength, or A mixture of these can be used.
- aqueous solution containing milk raw material has a fractional molecular weight of less than 9,000 Da before adjusting the pH of the aqueous solution and generating bicarbonate ions and / or carbonate ions in the aqueous solution. It is preferable to adjust the concentration of GMP by pretreatment with an ultrafiltration membrane or the like having a molecular weight cut off. Moreover, it is preferable to remove fats, insolubles, and the like in the raw material using a pretreatment such as a cream separator or a clarifier. It is also possible to heat-treat these raw materials for the purpose of sterilization.
- step (C) Concentration and / or desalination after step (C) Since the composition containing GMP obtained as the permeate for membrane treatment contains lactose and minerals in addition to the target GMP, fractionation It is possible to concentrate and desalinate using an ultrafiltration membrane having a molecular weight cut-off smaller than 9,000 Da, that is, to remove lactose and minerals. Thereby, it is possible to further increase the GMP content.
- the molecular weight cutoff of the ultrafiltration membrane for concentration and / or desalting is preferably 5,000 Da or less.
- composition containing GMP with reduced water content can be obtained by means such as spray-drying and / or freeze-drying.
- the second embodiment does not include metal ions.
- Example B Examples of the invention according to the second embodiment will be described in detail below, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- Example B1 Preparation of composition containing GMP from cheese whey Cheddar cheese whey 44L was subjected to clarifier after sterilization at 75 ° C. to remove insoluble matters. After removing the insoluble matter, the cheddar cheese whey was concentrated twice using an ultrafiltration membrane with a molecular weight cut off of 5,000 Da to obtain a 20 L concentrated solution and a 20 L permeated solution. 20 L of aqueous potassium hydrogen carbonate solution was added to 20 L of this cheddar cheese whey concentrate to prepare 40 L of cheddar cheese whey having a potassium hydrogen carbonate concentration of 0.2 mass%.
- This aqueous solution was filtered by a cross flow method using a filtration membrane (polysulfone material, molecular weight cut off 30,000 Da, membrane area 0.2 m 2 ).
- the conditions for the filtration treatment were a temperature of 10 ° C. and an average operating pressure of 0.2 MPa. By this treatment, 5 kg of concentrate and 35 kg of permeate (composition containing GMP) were obtained. The pH of the obtained permeate was 7.3.
- 35 kg of this permeate was concentrated by a cross flow method using a filtration membrane (polyether sulfone material, molecular weight cut off 5,000 Da, membrane area 0.33 m 2 ).
- the treatment conditions were a temperature of 10 ° C. and an average operating pressure of 0.4 MPa. By this treatment, 5 kg of concentrated liquid (composition containing GMP) and 30 kg of permeate were obtained.
- Example B2 Preparation of composition containing GMP from purified whey protein (WPI)
- WPI purified whey protein
- a 4% WPI aqueous solution was prepared using Provon 190 (Glanbia) derived from cheese whey as WPI.
- a sodium hydrogen carbonate aqueous solution in which sodium hydrogen carbonate was added to ion-exchanged water so as to have a concentration of 0.33% by mass was prepared.
- 7.5 kg of 0.33% by mass sodium hydrogen carbonate aqueous solution was added to 7.5 kg of 4% WPI aqueous solution and stirred well to prepare 15 kg of 2% WPI-0.16% by mass Na hydrogen carbonate aqueous solution.
- the pH of the 2% WPI-0.16 mass% aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution was 7.2.
- This aqueous solution was filtered by a cross flow method using a filtration membrane (polyether sulfone material, molecular weight cut off 50,000 Da, membrane area 0.33 m 2 ).
- the conditions for the filtration treatment were a temperature of 10 ° C. and an average operating pressure of 0.2 MPa. By this treatment, 5 kg of concentrate and 10 kg of permeate (composition containing GMP) were obtained. The pH of the obtained permeate was 7.3.
- the concentrate containing GMP obtained in the previous paragraph was subjected to DF treatment.
- the filtration membrane and operating conditions used are the same as in the previous paragraph.
- the DF treatment was finished when the permeate reached 18 kg.
- the concentrated solution containing GMP obtained was 2 kg.
- Example B3 Preparation of composition containing GMP from whey protein concentrate (WPC)
- WPC whey protein concentrate
- a 6% WPC aqueous solution was prepared using cheese whey-derived WPC80 (Sachsenmirch) as WPC.
- an aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution in which sodium hydrogen carbonate was added to ion-exchanged water so as to have a concentration of 0.33% by mass was prepared.
- 7.5 kg of 0.33% by mass Na bicarbonate aqueous solution was added to 7.5 kg of 6% WPC 80 aqueous solution and stirred well to prepare 15 kg of 3% WPC-0.16 wt% Na bicarbonate aqueous solution.
- the pH of the 6% WPC aqueous solution was 6.7, and the pH of the 3% WPC-0.16 mass% aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution was 7.2.
- This aqueous solution was filtered by a cross flow method using a filtration membrane (polyether sulfone material, molecular weight cut off 30,000 Da, membrane area 0.33 m 2 ).
- the conditions for the filtration treatment were a temperature of 10 ° C. and an average operating pressure of 0.2 MPa. By this treatment, 5 kg of concentrate and 10 kg of permeate (composition containing GMP) were obtained. The pH of the obtained permeate was 7.3.
- DF treatment was performed on 5 kg of the concentrate obtained in the previous paragraph.
- the filtration membrane and operating conditions used are the same as described in the previous paragraph.
- DF treatment was terminated when the re-permeated liquid (composition containing GMP reached 15 kg).
- 25 kg of permeate and re-permeate obtained in the previous paragraph and the previous paragraph were concentrated by a cross-flow method using a filtration membrane (polyether sulfone material, molecular weight cut off 5,000 Da, membrane area 0.33 m 2 ).
- the treatment conditions were a temperature of 10 ° C. and an average operating pressure of 0.4 MPa. By this treatment, 2 kg of concentrate (composition containing GMP) and 23 kg of permeate were obtained.
- the concentrate containing GMP obtained in the previous paragraph was subjected to DF treatment.
- the filtration membrane and operating conditions used are the same as in the previous paragraph.
- the DF treatment was finished when the permeate reached 6 kg.
- the concentrated solution containing GMP obtained was 2 kg.
- Example B4 Preparation of composition containing GMP from rennet casein whey 105 L of rennet casein whey adjusted to pH 7.2 with sodium hydroxide was held for 15 seconds after reaching 75 ° C. and then sterilized. And insoluble materials were removed. After removing the insoluble matter, it was concentrated twice using an ultrafiltration membrane with a molecular weight cut off of 5,000 Da to obtain a 50 L concentrated solution and a 50 L permeated solution. The pH of the rennet casein whey concentrate after the concentration treatment was 7.3, and Brix was 6.2%.
- This aqueous solution was filtered by a cross flow method using a filtration membrane (polysulfone material, molecular weight cut off 50,000 Da, membrane area 0.2 m 2 ).
- the conditions for the filtration treatment were a temperature of 10 ° C. and an average operating pressure of 0.2 MPa. By this treatment, 5 kg of concentrate and 70 kg of permeate (composition containing GMP) were obtained. The pH of the obtained permeate was 7.3.
- DF treatment was performed on 5 kg of the concentrate obtained in the previous paragraph.
- the filtration membrane and operating conditions used are the same as described in the previous paragraph.
- the DF treatment was terminated when the re-permeate (composition containing GMP) reached 30 kg.
- a filtration membrane (polyether sulfone material, molecular weight cut off 5,000 Da, membrane) was obtained by combining 100 kg of the liquid (composition containing GMP) of 70 kg of the permeate obtained in the previous paragraph and 30 kg of the repermeate obtained in the previous paragraph.
- Concentration treatment was performed by a cross flow method using an area of 0.33 m 2 ). The treatment conditions were a temperature of 10 ° C. and an average operating pressure of 0.4 MPa. By this treatment, 5 kg of concentrated liquid (composition containing GMP) and 95 kg of permeate were obtained.
- the third embodiment of the present invention will be described focusing on differences from the first embodiment described above.
- the method for producing a composition containing GMP and LA according to the embodiment can include a step of adjusting the pH of the aqueous solution containing the milk raw material from outside the range of 4-9 to within the range of 4-9. From the viewpoint of maintaining the chemical structure or stability, it is preferable not to include such a step.
- the pH of the aqueous solution when the pH of the aqueous solution is in the range of 4-9, it is not necessary to adjust the pH in the range of 4-9. However, when the pH is less than 4 or more than 9, the pH is adjusted to 4-9. Any pH can be used as long as it can be used for the production of foods and pharmaceuticals to be taken orally.
- One or more uses of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, lactic acid and the like can be exemplified as reagents for adjusting the pH from above 9 to below 9.
- a reagent for adjusting the pH from less than 4 to 4 or more one or more uses such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide can be exemplified.
- the pH may be 4-9, preferably greater than 4 and 9 or less, more preferably pH 4.5-8.5, even more preferably pH 5-8, and even more preferably pH 5.5-8.
- pH 6-8 is most preferred.
- a solution having a solid content of pH 4 to 9 is prepared, and hydrogen carbonate ions and / or carbonate ions are generated in the aqueous solution.
- the concentration of hydrogen carbonate ions and / or carbonate ions in the solution at this time may be 0.001 wt% or more and 35 wt% or less.
- the concentration of bicarbonate ions and / or carbonate ions in the solution can be 0.001 wt% or more and 5 wt% or less. Specific ranges include 0.001 to 5% by weight, 0.0025 to 3% by weight, 0.005 to 2% by weight, 0.0075 to 2% by weight, 0.01 to 2% by weight, and 0.025. It can be ⁇ 2% by weight, or 0.05-2% by weight.
- a solution in which bicarbonate ions and / or carbonate ions are generated in an aqueous solution containing a milk raw material and having a pH of 4 to 9 is subjected to membrane treatment.
- Any membrane can be used as long as the molecular weight cut off is 9,000 to 300,000 Da or less, preferably 20,000 to 200,000 Da, more preferably 30,000 to 100,000 Da. More preferably, 30,000 to 50,000 Da is most preferable.
- the upper limit may be less than 50,000 Da, for example, 45,000 Da, or 40,000 Da, and specific ranges are 9,000 to 45,000 Da, 10,000 to 40,000 Da, or 20,000.
- a membrane of ⁇ 40,000 Da may be used.
- the material of the membrane include polysulfone, polyethersulfone, tetrafluoroethylene, and ceramic.
- hydrophilic materials such as cellulose acetate, nitrocellulose, polyacrylonitrile, and aromatic polyamide are used. It is preferable to use a membrane or a charged membrane.
- the membrane treatment method used in the method for producing a composition containing GMP and LA according to the embodiment may be any method as long as it is a method commonly used in the treatment and production of foods and pharmaceuticals taken orally. Examples thereof include cross-flow filtration, diafiltration, and the like.
- the permeate in this membrane treatment can be obtained as a composition containing GMP and LA. It is not necessary to adjust the temperature of the solution during the membrane treatment, but it is preferably 0 ° C. or higher and 15 ° C. or lower in consideration of the growth of microorganisms.
- Diafiltration (DF) treatment method In order to obtain GMP and LA, when obtaining a permeate containing GMP and LA from a raw material containing GMP and LA in membrane treatment, obtain a repermeate as much as possible. Is preferable for improving the yield. More specifically, it is more preferable to add the concentrated solution produced in the step (D) and ultrafilter again, or to repeat this to obtain a repermeated solution. Water added to the concentrate is filtered water, ion-exchanged water, distilled water, ultrapure water, a permeate obtained by concentrating a permeate containing GMP and LA by membrane treatment, a solution with adjusted pH and ionic strength. Or a mixture thereof.
- aqueous solution containing milk raw material has a fractional molecular weight of less than 9,000 Da before adjusting the pH of the aqueous solution and generating bicarbonate ions and / or carbonate ions in the aqueous solution. It is preferable to adjust the concentrations of GMP and LA by pretreatment with an ultrafiltration membrane having a molecular weight of the molecular weight. Moreover, it is preferable to remove fats, insolubles, and the like in the raw material using a pretreatment such as a cream separator or a clarifier. It is also possible to heat-treat these raw materials for the purpose of sterilization.
- the composition containing GMP and LA obtained as a permeate for membrane treatment contains lactose and minerals in addition to the intended GMP and LA. Therefore, it is possible to concentrate and desalinate using an ultrafiltration membrane having a fractional molecular weight smaller than 9,000 Da, that is, to remove lactose and minerals. Thereby, it is possible to raise GMP and LA content more.
- the molecular weight cutoff of the ultrafiltration membrane for concentration and / or desalting is preferably 5,000 Da or less. Although it is not necessary to adjust the temperature of the solution during the ultrafiltration membrane treatment, it is preferably 0 ° C. or more and 15 ° C. or less in consideration of the growth of microorganisms.
- Example C Examples of the invention according to the third embodiment will be described in detail below, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- Example C1 Preparation of composition containing GMP and LA from cheese whey Gouda cheese whey 54L was sterilized at 75 ° C. and subjected to clarifier to remove insoluble matters.
- the sodium concentration contained in Gouda cheese whey excluding insolubles was 0.04% by mass
- potassium concentration was 0.16% by mass
- calcium concentration was 0.03% by mass
- magnesium concentration was 0.006% by mass.
- the pH of the Gouda cheese whey concentrate after the concentration treatment was 6.3.
- An aqueous potassium hydrogen carbonate solution was added to 25 L of this Gouda cheese whey concentrate.
- the permeate obtained when Gouda cheese whey is concentrated twice is used as an aqueous potassium bicarbonate solution.
- 50 L of Gouda cheese whey having a Brix of 6.3% and a potassium bicarbonate concentration of 0.1% by mass was prepared.
- This aqueous solution was subjected to a filtration treatment by a cross flow method using a filtration membrane (polysulfone material, molecular weight cut off 50,000 Da, membrane area 0.2 m 2 ).
- the conditions for the filtration treatment were a temperature of 10 ° C. and an average operating pressure of 0.2 MPa.
- 5 kg of concentrate and 45 kg of permeate were obtained.
- the pH of the obtained permeate was 7.3.
- Example C2 Preparation of composition containing GMP and LA from purified whey protein (WPI)
- a 4% WPI aqueous solution was prepared using Provon 190 (Glanbia) derived from cheese whey as WPI.
- a sodium hydrogen carbonate aqueous solution in which sodium hydrogen carbonate was added to ion-exchanged water so as to have a concentration of 0.3% by mass was prepared.
- a 0.1 mass% aqueous copper sulfate solution was prepared using copper sulfate pentahydrate as a light metal / transition metal salt. Ion exchange water was used for the preparation of the sodium hydrogen carbonate aqueous solution and the copper sulfate aqueous solution.
- This aqueous solution was filtered by a cross flow method using a filtration membrane (polyether sulfone material, molecular weight cut off 300,000 Da, membrane area 0.33 m 2 ).
- the conditions for the filtration treatment were a temperature of 10 ° C. and an average operating pressure of 0.2 MPa. By this treatment, 10 kg of concentrated liquid and 20 kg of permeated liquid (composition containing GMP and LA) were obtained. The pH of the obtained permeate was 7.3.
- the concentrate containing GMP and LA obtained in the previous paragraph was subjected to DF treatment.
- the filtration membrane and operating conditions used are the same as in the previous paragraph.
- the DF treatment was finished when the permeate reached 18 kg.
- the obtained concentrate containing GMP and LA was 2 kg.
- the content of dry powdered GMP was 27% by mass and the content of LA was 57% by mass.
- the content of ⁇ -lactoglobulin was 7% by mass.
- the recovery rate of GMP from the raw materials used was 24%.
- Example C3 Preparation of composition containing GMP and LA from whey protein concentrate (WPC)
- WPC80 Sendsenmirch
- a sodium hydrogen carbonate aqueous solution in which sodium hydrogen carbonate was added to ion-exchanged water so as to have a concentration of 0.33% by mass was prepared.
- 7.5 kg of 0.33% by mass Na bicarbonate aqueous solution was added to 7.5 kg of 6% WPC 80 aqueous solution and stirred well to prepare 15 kg of 3% WPC-0.16 wt% Na bicarbonate aqueous solution.
- the pH of the 6% WPC aqueous solution was 6.7, and the pH of the 3% WPC-0.16 mass% aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution was 7.2.
- This aqueous solution was filtered by a cross flow method using a filtration membrane (polyether sulfone material, molecular weight cut off 30,000 Da, membrane area 0.33 m 2 ).
- the conditions for the filtration treatment were a temperature of 10 ° C. and an average operating pressure of 0.2 MPa. By this treatment, 5 kg of concentrate and 10 kg of permeate (composition containing GMP and LA) were obtained. The pH of the obtained permeate was 7.3.
- DF treatment was performed on 5 kg of the concentrate obtained in the previous paragraph.
- the filtration membrane and operating conditions used are the same as described in the previous paragraph.
- the DF treatment was terminated when the re-permeate (composition containing GMP and LA) reached 15 kg.
- the concentrate containing GMP and LA obtained in the previous paragraph was subjected to DF treatment.
- the filtration membrane and operating conditions used are the same as in the previous paragraph.
- the DF treatment was finished when the permeate reached 6 kg.
- the obtained concentrate containing GMP and LA was 2 kg.
- Example C4 Preparation of a composition containing GMP and LA from rennet casein whey After maintaining and sterilizing rennet casein whey 105L adjusted to pH 7.2 with sodium hydroxide for 15 seconds after reaching 75 ° C A clarifier was applied to remove insoluble materials. After removing the insoluble matter, it was concentrated twice using an ultrafiltration membrane with a molecular weight cut off of 5,000 Da to obtain a 50 L concentrated solution and a 50 L permeated solution. The pH of the rennet casein whey concentrate after the concentration treatment was 7.3. To 50 L of this rennet casein whey concentrate, 25 L of potassium hydrogen carbonate aqueous solution was added, and 75 L of Brix 6.7% rennet casein whey having a potassium bicarbonate concentration of 0.1 mass% was prepared.
- This aqueous solution was filtered by a cross flow method using a filtration membrane (polysulfone material, molecular weight cut off 50,000 Da, membrane area 0.2 m 2 ).
- the conditions for the filtration treatment were a temperature of 10 ° C. and an average operating pressure of 0.2 MPa. By this treatment, 5 kg of concentrate and 70 kg of permeate (composition containing GMP and LA) were obtained. The pH of the obtained permeate was 7.3.
- DF treatment was performed on 5 kg of the concentrate obtained in the previous paragraph.
- the filtration membrane and operating conditions used are the same as described in the previous paragraph.
- the DF treatment was terminated when the re-permeate (composition containing GMP and LA) reached 30 kg.
- composition containing GMP and LA 100 kg of a liquid (composition containing GMP and LA), which is a combination of 70 kg of the permeate obtained in the previous paragraph and 30 kg of the repermeate obtained in the previous paragraph, is filtered through a membrane (polyether sulfone material, molecular weight cut off 5,000 Da). Then, concentration treatment was performed by a cross flow method using a membrane area of 0.33 m 2 ). The treatment conditions were a temperature of 10 ° C. and an average operating pressure of 0.4 MPa. By this treatment, 5 kg of concentrate (composition containing GMP and LA) and 95 kg of permeate were obtained.
- the dry powder GMP content was 35% by mass and the LA content was 58% by mass.
- the content of ⁇ -lactoglobulin was 7% by mass.
- the recovery rate of GMP from the used raw material was 21%.
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Abstract
Description
母乳中には、牛乳と比較して3~5倍程度のシアル酸類が含まれており、このシアル酸類も乳児の感染防御因子の一つとして機能するものと考えられている。シアル酸類の一つであるGMPもウイルスや細菌に対する感染防御作用や、乳酸菌増殖活性を有することが知られている。またLAは、GMP同様に母乳中に含まれるタンパク質の約3割を占める主要なタンパク質である。LAは、GMP同様に胃粘膜の保護作用等の様々な生理活性機能を有することが知られている。LAは、分子量約14,000Daのタンパク質である。
このことから、母乳代替品、機能性食品等の食品としてシアル酸類であるGMPを利用するための工業的規模での生産が強く望まれている。これまでに乳中のシアル酸類であるGMPを分別する技術として、限外濾過あるいは逆浸透膜、イオン交換樹脂を用いる方法が挙げられる。
本発明は、操作が簡易でありながら、出発原料がチーズホエイ、ホエイ蛋白質濃縮物のいずれであっても収率の高い、GMPを含む組成物の製造方法を提供することを第一の課題とする。
本発明は、操作が容易で製造時間が短縮された、GMPを含む組成物の製造方法を提供することを第二の課題とする。
本発明は、操作が容易で製造時間が短縮された、GMPとLAとを含む組成物の製造方法を提供することを第三の課題とする。
GMPの分子量は約9,000Daであり、pH4未満ではモノマーで、またpH4以上ではポリマー(分子量50,000Da以上)で存在すると言われている。これに対して、発明者らが鋭意検討した結果、GMPを含み且つpHが4~9である乳原料の水溶液を調製し、該水溶液中で炭酸水素イオン及び/または炭酸イオンと、金属イオンと、を生じさせることにより、pHが4以上であるにもかかわらず、分画分子量9,000~50,000Daの膜で処理し得られた透過液からGMPを含む組成物が得られることを見出し、発明を完成させた。具体的には、本発明は以下の構成を含むものである。
[1](A)pHが4~9である、乳原料を含有する水溶液を調製する工程と、(B)前記水溶液に前処理を行い、炭酸(水素)イオンと、金属イオンと、を含有する前処理後の水溶液を得る工程と、(C)前処理後の水溶液を、分画分子量9,000Da以上300,000Da以下の膜を用いた膜処理に供する工程と、を含むGMPを含む組成物の製造方法。
[2](C)工程の透過液として、GMPを含む組成物を得ることを特徴とする[1]に記載の組成物の製造方法。
[3](B)工程と(C)工程の間に、pH4未満の乳原料を含む水溶液をpH4以上に調整する工程を含む、[1]又は[2]に記載の組成物の製造方法。
[4](C)工程で得られた濃縮液を前記膜処理に再度供し、この処理により得られえる再透過液を得る(D)工程をさらに含む、[1]~[3]のいずれか一つに記載の組成物の製造方法。
[5]分画分子量が9,000Daより小さい膜を用いて、前記透過液及び/または再透過液を濃縮する(E)工程をさらに含む、[4]に記載の組成物の製造方法。
[6](C)工程において使用する膜の分画分子量が、30,000Da~100,000Daである、[1]~[5]のいずれか一つに記載の組成物の製造方法。
GMPの分子量は約9,000Daであり、pH4未満ではモノマーで、またpH4以上ではポリマー(分子量50,000Da以上)で存在すると言われている。
これに対して、発明者らが鋭意検討した結果、GMPを含み且つpHが4~9である乳原料の水溶液を調製し、該水溶液中で炭酸水素イオン及び/または炭酸イオンを生じさせることにより、pHが4以上であるにもかかわらず、分画分子量9,000~50,000Daの膜で処理し得られた透過液からGMPを含む組成物が得られることを見出し、発明を完成させた。具体的には、本発明は以下の構成を含むものである。
(1)(A)乳原料を含むpHが4以上9以下の水溶液を調製する工程と、
(B)前記水溶液中に炭酸水素イオン及び/または炭酸イオンを生じさせる工程と、
(C)前記炭酸水素イオン及び/または炭酸イオンを生じさせた水溶液を分画分子量9,000~50,000Daの膜を用いた膜処理に供する工程と、
を含むことを特徴とするGMPを含む組成物の製造方法、
(2)(D)前記工程(C)の透過液として、GMPを含む組成物を得る工程をさらに含む、(1)に記載の組成物の製造方法、
(3)前記工程(C)より前に、乳原料を含む水溶液のpHを4未満から4以上に調整する工程を含まない、(1)又は(2)に記載の組成物の製造方法、
(4)(E)前記工程(C)で得られた濃縮液を前記膜処理に再度供し、再透過液を得る工程をさらに含む、(1)~(3)のいずれかに記載の組成物の製造方法、
(5)(F)分画分子量が9,000より小さい膜を用いて、前記透過液及び/又は再透過液を濃縮する工程をさらに含む、(1)~(4)のいずれかに記載の組成物の製造方法、並びに
(6)前記工程(C)において使用する膜の分画分子量が、30,000~50,000Daである、(1)~(5)のいずれかに記載の組成物の製造方法。
[C.第三の実施形態]
発明者らが鋭意検討した結果、GMPとLAを含み且つpHが4~9である水溶液を調製し、該水溶液中で炭酸水素イオン及び/または炭酸イオンと、金属イオンと、を生じさせることにより、分画分子量300,000Da以下の膜を用いた膜処理の透過液からGMPと、LAと、を含む組成物が得られることを見出し、発明を完成させた。具体的には、本発明は以下の構成を含むものである。
(1)(A)乳原料を含むpHが4以上9以下の水溶液を調製する工程と、
(B)前記水溶液中に炭酸水素イオン及び/または炭酸イオンを生じさせる工程と、
(C)金属イオンを生じさせる工程と、
(D)前記炭酸水素イオン及び/または炭酸イオンと、金属イオンと、を生じさせた水溶液を分画分子量9,000~300,000Daの膜を用いた膜処理に供する工程と、
を含むことを特徴とするGMPと、LAと、を含む組成物の製造方法、
(2)(E)前記工程(D)の透過液として、GMPとLAとを含む組成物を得る工程
をさらに含む、(1)に記載の組成物の製造方法、
(3)前記工程(D)より前に、乳原料を含む水溶液のpHを4未満から4以上に調整する工程を含まない、(1)又は(2)に記載の組成物の製造方法、
(4)(F)前記工程(D)で得られた濃縮液を前記膜処理に再度供し、再透過液を得る工程をさらに含む、(1)~(3)のいずれかに記載の組成物の製造方法、並びに
(5)(G)分画分子量が9,000より小さい膜を用いて、前記透過液及び/又は再透過液を濃縮する工程をさらに含む、(1)~(4)のいずれかに記載の組成物の製造方法。
[A.第一の実施形態]
第一の実施形態に係る組成物の製造方法に用いる原材料について説明する。
シアル酸類であるGMPは、牛乳、山羊乳、羊乳等の乳類からチーズ又はレンネットカゼインを製造する際に副生されるホエイに含まれている。よって、実施の形態に係る組成物の製造方法では、このようなGMPを含有する乳原料を用いればよく、チーズホエイ、レンネットカゼインホエイ、ホエイ蛋白質濃縮物(WPC)、ホエイ蛋白質単離物(WPI)、脱塩したチーズホエイ粉、無脱塩のチーズホエイ粉等を例示することができる。なお、LAについてもGMPと同様の材料を用いることができる。
実施形態に係るGMPを含む組成物の製造方法では、上記した乳原料の水溶液を調製する。このときの固形分濃度は好ましくは0.001質量%以上であれば良く、より好ましくは0.001質量%以上35質量%以下の濃度であれば良く、0.01質量%以上20質量%以下が最も好ましい。
実施形態に係るGMPを含む組成物の製造方法では、乳原料を含む水溶液のpHが4~9の範囲にあることが好ましい。このpH条件と、後述する、炭酸(水素)イオン及び金属イオンの条件と、透過膜の条件とを満たすことで、濃縮処理工程における透過液と濃縮液の選択性が高まるからである。
上記したとおり、pHは4~9であればよく、4より大きく9以下であることが好ましく、pH4.5~8.5がより好ましく、pH5.0~8.5がさらに好ましく、pH5.5~8.5がさらに好ましく、pH6.0~8.5が最も好ましい。
実施形態に係るGMPを含む組成物の製造方法では、乳原料を含み且つpHが4~9である水溶液中に炭酸水素イオン及び/または炭酸イオンを生じさせる。炭酸水素イオン及び/または炭酸イオンは、乳原料を含み且つpHが4~9である水溶液の調製と同時に生じさせてもよいが、炭酸水素イオン及び/または炭酸イオンの消失を防止するために、調製後に発生させることが好ましい。
なお、本明細書および特許請求の範囲における、「炭酸(水素)イオン」の用語には、炭酸イオンもしくは炭酸水素イオン、またはその両者が含まれる。
炭酸水素イオン及び/または炭酸イオンは、水溶液中で炭酸イオン及び/または炭酸水素イオンを生じるものであればどのような成分や方法を用いて生成させてもよく、以下に例示した1種類あるいは複数の化合物及び/または方法を組み合わせて炭酸イオン及び/または炭酸水素イオンを生じさせればよい。
気体状の二酸化炭素の吹き込み、液状あるいは固体状の二酸化炭素の添加といった二酸化炭素を添加する方法、炭酸水素ナトリウム、炭酸水素カリウム、炭酸水素カルシウム、炭酸水素アンモニウムなどの炭酸水素塩を添加する方法や、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸カリウム、炭酸アンモニウム、炭酸カルシウムなどの炭酸塩を添加する方法等が例示できる。炭酸水素塩や炭酸塩を添加する場合、これらの塩を水に溶解して炭酸イオン及び/または炭酸水素イオンを発生させた水溶液を、乳原料を含む水溶液中に加えてもよく、乳原料を含む水溶液中に炭酸水素塩や炭酸塩を直接投入してもよい。
実施形態に用いる軽金属塩及び/または遷移金属塩について説明する。軽金属塩及び/または遷移金属塩は、軽金属あるいは遷移金属の1価から3価の陽イオンを含むものであればどのようなものでもよく、1種類又は複数の金属イオンを用いることができる。軽金属塩及び/または遷移金属塩に含まれる軽金属イオン及び/または遷移金属イオンとしては、ナトリウム、カリウム、マグネシウム、カルシウム、マンガン、鉄、銅、亜鉛などが挙げられるが、食品やヒト中に存在するナトリウム、カリウム、マグネシウム、カルシウム、マンガン、鉄、銅、亜鉛などを用いることが好ましい。軽金属塩及び/または遷移金属塩の種類としては、塩酸塩、硫酸塩、硝酸塩、酢酸塩、乳酸塩、炭酸塩、シュウ酸塩、リン酸塩などが挙げられる。
軽金属塩及び/または遷移金属塩を添加する場合、これらの塩を溶解することにより金属イオンを発生させた水溶液を、乳原料を含む水溶液中に加えてもよく、乳原料を含む水溶液中に直接軽金属塩及び/または炭酸塩を添加することにより、炭酸水素イオン及び/または炭酸イオンと金属イオンとを同時に発生させることもできる。乳原料を含む水溶液に金属イオンを発生させる場合で、乳原料を含み且つpHが4~9に調整した水溶液に炭酸水素イオン及び/または炭酸イオンと同時に金属イオンを生じさせても良いが、同時に発生させない場合は、炭酸水素イオン及び/または炭酸イオンを発生させた後に、金属イオンを発生させることが好ましい。
実施形態に係るGMPを含む組成物の製造方法では、乳原料を含み且つpHが4~9である水溶液中に炭酸水素イオン及び/または炭酸イオンと、軽金属塩及び/または遷移金属塩と、を生じさせたものを膜処理に供する。膜処理に用いる膜は分画分子量が9,000~300,000Daであればどのようなものでも用いることができるが、10,000~300,000Daが好ましく、20,000~100,000Daがより好ましく、30,000~100,000Daが最も好ましい。
実施形態に係るGMPを含む組成物の製造方法に用いる膜処理法は、食品や経口摂取する医薬品の処理、製造等で一般的に用いられている方法であればどのようなものでもよく、クロスフロー方式での濾過処理、ダイアフィルトレーション等を例示できる。この膜処理における透過液を、GMPを含む組成物として得ることができる。なお、膜処理中の溶液の温度調整は不要であるが、微生物の繁殖を考慮して0℃以上15℃以下とすることが好ましい。
(フローチャート)
図1はGMPを含む組成物の製造方法のフローチャートである。GMPを含む組成物の製造方法について図1のフローチャートを用いて説明する。なお、説明には図1の方法例を用いるが、本発明はこの方法例に限定されるものではない。
乳原料を水に溶解させGMPを含む水溶液を調製する。
GMPを含む水溶液は、GMPを含む水溶液のpH調整、及びGMPを含む水溶液中に炭酸水素イオン及び/または炭酸イオンを生じさせる前に、分画分子量9,000Daより小さい分画分子量を有する限外濾過膜等による前処理でGMPの濃度を調整しておくことが好ましい。
また、脂肪分、不溶物等をクリームセパレーター、クラリファイヤー等の前処理を用いて除いておくことが好ましい。乳原料やGMPを含む水溶液を、殺菌を目的とした加熱処理をすることも可能である。
GMPを含む水溶液の濃縮処理を行う(濃縮処理A)。これにより、GMPを含む透過液(GMP含有透過液)と、濃縮液(濃縮液1)と、が得られる。濃縮処理に用いる膜は分画分子量が9,000~300,000Daであればどのようなものでも用いることができるが、10,000~300,000Daが好ましく、20,000~100,000Daがより好ましく、30,000~100,000Daが最も好ましい。
GMPの収量を向上させる方法のひとつに、濃縮液1のダイアフィルトレーション(以下「DF」ともいう。)処理がある。
濃縮液1に水などを加えながら膜処理をおこなうDF処理によって、濃縮液1に残存するGMPを透過液(GMP含有透過液2)から回収できる。これを繰り返して再透過液(GMP含有透過液2)からできるだけGMPを回収することが好ましい。
濃縮液に対する加水には、濾過水、イオン交換水、蒸留水、超純水、GMPを含む透過液を膜処理で濃縮する際に得られた透過液、pHやイオン強度を調整した溶液、又はこれらを混合したもの等を使用できる。
膜処理の透過液として得られるGMPを含む組成物(GMP含有透過液1、GMP含有透過液2)には、目的とするGMP以外に、乳糖やミネラルが含まれているため、分画分子量9,000Daより小さい分画分子量を有する限外濾過膜を用いて濃縮、脱塩すること、すなわち乳糖やミネラルを除去することが可能である。これにより、組成物中におけるGMP含量をより高めることが可能である。この濃縮及び/または脱塩用の限外濾過膜の分画分子量は、好ましくは5,000Da以下である。
さらに、噴霧乾燥及び/または凍結乾燥等の手段によって水分を減らしたGMPを含む組成物を得ることができる。
処理に使用した原料に含まれるGMP含量および処理の結果得られたGMPを含む組成物に含まれるGMP含量はウレア-SDS電気泳動法を用いて測定した。
以下、第一の実施形態に係る発明の実施例を詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。図1を参照しながら説明していく。
ステップ1:チェダーチーズホエイ40kgを75℃達温殺菌後にクラリファイヤーにかけ、不溶物を除いた。不溶物を除いた後、分画分子量5,000Daの限外濾過膜を使用してチェダーチーズホエイを4倍濃縮し10kgの濃縮液と30kgの透過液を得た。
このチェダーチーズホエイ濃縮液10kgに対して炭酸水素ナトリウムを添加し、よく攪拌した。その後、透過液2.5kgを加え、炭酸水素ナトリウム濃度0.42質量%の脱塩チェダーチーズホエイを12.5kg調製した。0.42質量%炭酸水素ナトリウム-脱塩チェダーチーズホエイのpHは8.4であった。
ステップ1:WPIとしてチーズホエイ由来のProvon190(Glanbia社)を用いて8質量%WPI水溶液、ホエイミネラル素材としてFondlacSL(Meggle社)を用いて2質量%ホエイミネラル水溶液を調整した。FondlacSLの灰分分析値は100gあたり、Kが5024mg、Naが1704mg、Mgが252mg、Caが1044mgであった。また、濃度が1.68質量%となるようにイオン交換水に炭酸水素ナトリウムを加えた炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液を調製した。
次に、1.68質量%炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液3.75kgを8質量%WPI水溶液3.75kgに加えよく攪拌した。その後、2質量%ホエイミネラル水溶液7.5kgを加え、15kgの2質量%WPI-0.42質量%炭酸水素Na-1質量%ホエイミネラル水溶液を調製した。2質量%WPI-0.42質量%炭酸水素Na-1質量%ホエイミネラル水溶液のpHは8.2であった。
ステップ1:WPIとしてチーズホエイ由来のProvon190(Glanbia社)を用いて、8質量%WPI水溶液を調整した。次に、濃度が3.36質量%となるようにイオン交換水に炭酸水素ナトリウムを加えた炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液を調製した。さらに、濃度が0.12質量%となるようにイオン交換水に硫酸銅(II)五水和物(関東化学社)を加えた硫酸銅(II)五水和物水溶液を調整した。8質量%WPI水溶液3.75kgに3.36質量%炭酸水素Na水溶液3.75kgを加えよく攪拌した。その後、硫酸銅水溶液7.5kgを加え、15kgの2質量%WPI-0.84質量%炭酸水素Na-0.06質量%硫酸銅水溶液を調製した。2質量%WPI-0.84質量%炭酸水素Na-0.06質量%硫酸銅水溶液のpHは8であった。
ステップ1:WPIとしてチーズホエイ由来のProvon190(Glanbia社)を用いて、8質量%WPI水溶液を調整した。次に、濃度が3.36質量%となるようにイオン交換水に炭酸水素ナトリウムを加えた炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液を調製した。さらに、濃度が0.14質量%となるようにイオン交換水に塩化鉄(III)六水和物(純正化学社)を加えた塩化鉄(III)六水和物水溶液を調整した。8質量%WPI水溶液3.75kgに3.36質量%炭酸水素Na水溶液3.75kgを加えよく攪拌した。その後、塩化鉄水溶液7.5kgを加え、15kgの2質量%WPI-0.84質量%炭酸水素Na-0.07質量%塩化鉄水溶液を調製した。2質量%WPI-0.84質量%炭酸水素Na-0.07質量%塩化鉄水溶液のpHは7.8であった。
本発明の第二の実施形態について、上述の第一の実施態様との相違点を中心に説明する。
実施形態に係るGMPを含む組成物の製造方法では、乳原料を含む水溶液のpHを4~9の範囲外から4~9の範囲内に調整する工程を含むことができるが、GMPの化学構造又は安定性を保持する観点から、このような工程を含まないことが好ましい。例えば、本発明のGMPを含む組成物の製造方法では、乳原料を含む水溶液のpHを一旦4未満に調整し、この水溶液を再度4以上に調整する工程を含まないことが好ましい。同様に、乳原料を含む水溶液のpHを一旦9より上に調整し、この水溶液を再度9以下に調整する工程を含まないことが好ましい。
上記したとおり、pHは4~9であればよく、4より大きく9以下であることが好ましく、pH4.5~8.5がより好ましく、pH5~8がさらに好ましく、pH5.5~8がさらに好ましく、pH6~8が最も好ましい。
実施形態に係るGMPを含む組成物の製造方法では、乳原料を含み且つpHが4~9である水溶液中に炭酸水素イオン及び/または炭酸イオンを生じさせたものを膜処理に供する。膜処理に用いる膜は分画分子量が9,000~50,000Daであればどのようなものでも用いることができるが、10,000~50,000Daが好ましく、20,000~50,000Daがより好ましく、30,000~50,000Daが最も好ましい。
膜の材質は、ポリスルフォン、ポリエーテルスルフォン、4フッ化エチレン、セラミック等を例示することができ、歩留りを上げるためには、酢酸セルロース、ニトロセルロース、ポリアクリロニトリル、芳香族ポリアミド等の親水性の膜、あるいは荷電膜を使用することが好ましい。
(1)ダイアフィルトレーション(DF)処理方法
GMPを得るため、GMPを含む原料から膜処理においてGMPを含む透過液を得る際に、可能な限り再透過液を得ることが歩留まり向上のために好ましい。具体的には、工程(C)において生じた濃縮液に加水し再度限外濾過したり、これを繰り返して再透過液を得ることが更に好ましい。濃縮液への加水は、濾過水、イオン交換水、蒸留水、超純水、GMPを含む透過液を膜処理で濃縮する際に得られた透過液、pHやイオン強度を調整した溶液、又はこれらを混合したものを使用できる。
乳原料を含む水溶液は、水溶液のpH調整、及び水溶液中に炭酸水素イオン及び/又は炭酸イオンを生じさせる前に、分画分子量9,000Daより小さい分画分子量を有する限外濾過膜等による前処理でGMPの濃度を調整しておくことが好ましい。
また、原料中の脂肪分、不溶物等をクリームセパレーター、クラリファイヤー等の前処理を用いて除いておくことが好ましい。また、これらの原料に対して殺菌を目的とした加熱処理をすることも可能である。
膜処理の透過液として得られるGMPを含む組成物には、目的とするGMP以外に、乳糖やミネラルが含まれているため、分画分子量9,000Daより小さい分画分子量を有する限外濾過膜を用いて濃縮、脱塩すること、すなわち乳糖やミネラルを除去することが可能である。これにより、GMP含量をより高めることが可能である。この濃縮及び/又は脱塩用の限外濾過膜の分画分子量は、好ましくは5,000Da以下である。
さらに、噴霧乾燥及び/又は凍結乾燥等の手段によって水分を減らしたGMPを含む組成物を得ることができる。
処理に使用した原料に含まれるGMP含量および処理の結果得られたGMPを含む組成物に含まれるGMP含量はウレア-SDS電気泳動法を用いて測定した。
以下、第二の実施形態に係る発明の実施例を詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。
(実施例B1):チーズホエイからのGMPを含む組成物の調製
チェダーチーズホエイ44Lを75℃達温殺菌後にクラリファイヤーにかけ、不溶物を除いた。不溶物を除いた後、分画分子量5,000Daの限外濾過膜を使用してチェダーチーズホエイを2倍濃縮し、20Lの濃縮液と20Lの透過液を得た。このチェダーチーズホエイ濃縮液20Lに対して炭酸水素カリウム水溶液20Lを加え、炭酸水素カリウムの濃度0.2質量%のチェダーチーズホエイを40L調製した。
乾燥粉末状のGMPの含有率は固形分あたり39質量%であった。使用した原料からのGMPの回収率は19質量%であった。
WPIとしてチーズホエイ由来のProvon190(Glanbia社)を用いて4%WPI水溶液を調整した。濃度が0.33質量%となるようにイオン交換水に炭酸水素ナトリウムを加えた炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液を調製した。0.33質量%炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液7.5kgを4%WPI水溶液7.5kgに加えよく攪拌し、15kgの2%WPI-0.16質量%炭酸水素Na水溶液を調製した。2%WPI-0.16質量%炭酸水素Na水溶液のpHは7.2であった。
乾燥粉末状のGMPの含有率は固形分あたり30質量%であった。使用した原料からのGMPの回収率は22質量%であった。
WPCとしてチーズホエイ由来のWPC80(ザクセンミルヒ社)を用いて6%WPC水溶液を調整した。次に、濃度が0.33質量%となるようにイオン交換水に炭酸水素ナトリウムを加えた炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液を調製した。6%WPC80水溶液7.5kgに0.33質量%炭酸水素Na水溶液7.5kgを加えよく攪拌し、15kgの3%WPC-0.16質量%炭酸水素Na水溶液を調製した。6%WPC水溶液のpHは6.7、3%WPC-0.16質量%炭酸水素Na水溶液のpHは7.2であった。
乾燥粉末状のGMPの含有率は固形分あたり30質量%であった。使用した原料からのGMPの回収率は25質量%であった。
水酸化ナトリウムを用いてpH7.2に調整したレンネットカゼインホエイ105Lを75℃達温後15秒間保持し殺菌した後にクラリファイヤーにかけ、不溶物を除いた。不溶物を除いた後、分画分子量5,000Daの限外濾過膜を使用して2倍濃縮し、50Lの濃縮液と50Lの透過液を得た。濃縮処理後のレンネットカゼインホエイ濃縮液のpHは7.3、Brixは6.2%であった。このレンネットカゼインホエイ濃縮液50Lに対して炭酸水素カリウム水溶液25Lを加えた、Brix6.7%、炭酸水素カリウムの濃度0.1質量%のレンネットカゼインホエイを75L調製した。
乾燥粉末状のGMPの含有率は固形分あたり48質量%であった。使用した原料からのGMPの回収率は20質量%であった。
本発明の第三の実施形態について、上述の第一の実施態様との相違点を中心に説明する。
(pH調整)
実施形態に係るGMPとLAを含む組成物の製造方法では、乳原料を含む水溶液のpHを4~9の範囲外から4~9の範囲内に調整する工程を含むことができるが、GMPの化学構造又は安定性を保持する観点から、このような工程を含まないことが好ましい。例えば、本発明のGMPを含む組成物の製造方法では、乳原料を含む水溶液のpHを一旦4未満に調整し、この水溶液を再度4以上に調整する工程を含まないことが好ましい。同様に、乳原料を含む水溶液のpHを一旦9より上に調整し、この水溶液を再度9以下に調整する工程を含まないことが好ましい。
上記したとおり、pHは4~9であればよく、4より大きく9以下であることが好ましく、pH4.5~8.5がより好ましく、pH5~8がさらに好ましく、pH5.5~8がさらに好ましく、pH6~8が最も好ましい。
実施形態に係るGMPとLAを含む組成物の製造方法では、固形分を含むpH4~9の溶液を調製し、該水溶液中に炭酸水素イオン及び/又は炭酸イオンを溶液中に生じさせる。このときの溶液中の炭酸水素イオン及び/または炭酸イオンの濃度は、0.001重量%以上35重量%以下であれば良い。
実施形態に係るGMPとLAを含む組成物の製造方法では、乳原料を含み且つpHが4~9である水溶液中に炭酸水素イオン及び/または炭酸イオンを生じさせたものを膜処理に供する。膜処理に用いる膜は分画分子量が9,000~300,000Da以下であればどのようなものでも用いることができるが、20,000~200,000Daが好ましく、30,000~100,000Daがより好ましく、30,000~50,000Daが最も好ましい。また、上限を50,000Da未満、例えば、45,000Da、又は40,000Daとしてもよく、具体的な範囲としては、9,000~45,000Da、10,000~40,000Da、又は20,000~40,000Daの膜を使用してもよい。
膜の材質は、ポリスルフォン、ポリエーテルスルフォン、4フッ化エチレン、セラミック等を例示することができ、歩留りを上げるためには、酢酸セルロース、ニトロセルロース、ポリアクリロニトリル、芳香族ポリアミド等の親水性の膜、あるいは荷電膜を使用することが好ましい。
実施形態に係るGMPとLAを含む組成物の製造方法に用いる膜処理法は、食品や経口摂取する医薬品の処理、製造等で一般的に用いられている方法であればどのようなものでもよく、クロスフロー方式での濾過処理、ダイアフィルトレーション等を例示できる。この膜処理における透過液を、GMPとLAを含む組成物として得ることができる。
なお、膜処理中の溶液の温度調整は不要であるが、微生物の繁殖を考慮して0℃以上15℃以下とすることが好ましい。
(1)ダイアフィルトレーション(DF)処理方法
GMPとLAを得るため、GMPとLAを含む原料から膜処理においてGMPとLAを含む透過液を得る際に、可能な限り再透過液を得ることが歩留まり向上のために好ましい。具体的には、工程(D)において生じた濃縮液に加水し再度限外濾過したり、これを繰り返して再透過液を得ることは更に好ましい。濃縮液への加水は、濾過水、イオン交換水、蒸留水、超純水、GMPとLAを含む透過液を膜処理で濃縮する際に得られた透過液、pHやイオン強度を調整した溶液、又はこれらを混合したものを使用できる。
乳原料を含む水溶液は、水溶液のpH調整、及び水溶液中に炭酸水素イオン及び/又は炭酸イオンを生じさせる前に、分画分子量9,000Daより小さい分画分子量の限外濾過膜等による前処理でGMPとLAの濃度を調整しておくことが好ましい。
また、原料中の脂肪分、不溶物等をクリームセパレーター、クラリファイヤー等の前処理を用いて除いておくことが好ましい。また、これらの原料に対して殺菌を目的とした加熱処理をすることも可能である。
膜処理の透過液として得られるGMPとLAを含む組成物には、目的とするGMPとLA以外に、乳糖やミネラルが含まれているため、分画分子量9,000Daより小さい分画分子量を有する限外濾過膜を用いて濃縮、脱塩すること、すなわち乳糖やミネラルを除去することが可能である。これにより、GMPとLA含量をより高めることが可能である。この濃縮及び/又は脱塩用の限外濾過膜の分画分子量は、好ましくは5,000Da以下である。限外濾過膜処理中の溶液の温度調整は不要であるが、微生物の繁殖を考慮して0℃以上15℃以下とすることが好ましい。
さらに、噴霧乾燥及び/又は凍結乾燥等の手段によって水分を減らしたGMPとLAを含む組成物を得ることができる。
処理に使用した原料に含まれるGMP及びLA含量および処理の結果得られたGMP及びLAを含む組成物に含まれるGMP及びLA含量はウレア-SDS電気泳動法を用いて測定した。
以下、第三の実施形態に係る発明の実施例を詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。
(実施例C1):チーズホエイからのGMP及びLAを含む組成物の調製
ゴーダチーズホエイ54Lを75℃達温殺菌後にクラリファイヤーにかけ、不溶物を除いた。不溶物を除いたゴーダチーズホエイに含まれるナトリウム濃度は0.04質量%、カリウム濃度は0.16質量%、カルシウム濃度は0.03質量%、マグネシウム濃度は0.006質量%であった。不溶物を除いた後、分画分子量5,000Daの限外濾過膜を使用し2倍濃縮し、25Lの濃縮液と25Lの透過液を得た。濃縮処理後のゴーダチーズホエイ濃縮液のpHは6.3であった。このゴーダチーズホエイ濃縮液25Lに対して炭酸水素カリウム水溶液を加えた。炭酸水素カリウム水溶液を添加後に、ゴーダチーズホエイに内在する軽金属イオン及び/または遷移金属イオンを用いることを目的として、ゴーダチーズホエイを2倍濃縮した際に得られた透過液を炭酸水素カリウム水溶液を添加したゴーダチーズホエイ濃縮液に加え、Brix6.3%、炭酸水素カリウムの濃度0.1質量%のゴーダチーズホエイを50L調製した。
乾燥粉末状のGMPの含有率は固形分あたり33質量%でありLAの含有率は61質量%であった。β―ラクトグロブリンの含有率は6質量%であった。使用した原料からのGMPの回収率は21%であった。
WPIとしてチーズホエイ由来のProvon190(Glanbia社)を用いて4%WPI水溶液を調整した。濃度が0.3質量%となるようにイオン交換水に炭酸水素ナトリウムを加えた炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液を調製した。軽金属/遷移金属塩として硫酸銅5水和物を用いて0.1質量%の硫酸銅水溶液を調製した。炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液及び硫酸銅水溶液の調製にはイオン交換水を用いた。0.1質量%の硫酸銅水溶液15kgを4%WPI-0.3質量%炭酸水素Na水溶液15kgに加えよく攪拌し、30kgの2%WPI-0.15質量%炭酸水素Na-0.05質量%硫酸銅水溶液を調製した。4%WPI水溶液のpHは6.2、4%WPI-0.3質量%炭酸水素Na水溶液のpHは7.2であった。2%WPI-0.15質量%炭酸水素Na-0.05質量%硫酸銅水溶液のpHは6.8であった。
WPCとしてWPC80(ザクセンミルヒ社)を用いて6%WPC水溶液を調整した。濃度が0.33質量%となるようにイオン交換水に炭酸水素ナトリウムを加えた炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液を調製した。6%WPC80水溶液7.5kgに0.33質量%炭酸水素Na水溶液7.5kgを加えよく攪拌し、15kgの3%WPC-0.16質量%炭酸水素Na水溶液を調製した。6%WPC水溶液のpHは6.7、3%WPC-0.16質量%炭酸水素Na水溶液のpHは7.2であった。
乾燥粉末状のGMPの含有率は固形分あたり30質量%でありLAの含有率は61質量%であった。β―ラクトグロブリンの含有率は9質量%であった。使用した原料からのGMPの回収率は27%であった。
水酸化ナトリウムを用いてpH7.2に調整したレンネットカゼインホエイ105Lを75℃達温後15秒間保持し殺菌した後にクラリファイヤーにかけ、不溶物を除いた。不溶物を除いた後、分画分子量5,000Daの限外濾過膜を使用して2倍濃縮し、50Lの濃縮液と50Lの透過液を得た。濃縮処理後のレンネットカゼインホエイ濃縮液のpHは7.3であった。このレンネットカゼインホエイ濃縮液50Lに対して炭酸水素カリウム水溶液25Lを加えた、Brix6.7%、炭酸水素カリウムの濃度0.1質量%のレンネットカゼインホエイを75L調製した。
Claims (6)
- (A)pHが4~9である、乳原料を含有する水溶液を調製する工程と、
(B)前記水溶液に前処理を行い、炭酸(水素)イオンと、金属イオンと、を含有する前処理後の水溶液を得る工程と、
(C)前記前処理後の水溶液を、分画分子量9,000Da以上300,000Da以下の膜を用いた膜処理に供する工程と、を含むκ―カゼイングリコマクロペプチドを含む組成物の製造方法。 - 前記(C)工程の透過液として、κ―カゼイングリコマクロペプチドを含む組成物を得ることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の組成物の製造方法。
- 前記(C)工程より前に、pH4未満の乳原料を含む水溶液をpH4以上に調整する工程を含む、請求項1又は2に記載の組成物の製造方法。
- 前記(C)工程で得られた濃縮液を前記膜処理に再度供し、この処理により得られえる再透過液を得る(D)工程をさらに含む、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の組成物の製造方法。
- 分画分子量が9,000Daより小さい膜を用いて、前記透過液及び/または再透過液を濃縮する(E)工程をさらに含む、請求項1~4に記載の組成物の製造方法。
- 前記(C)工程において使用する膜の分画分子量が、30,000Da~100,000Daである、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の組成物の製造方法。
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AU2019243464A AU2019243464A1 (en) | 2018-03-30 | 2019-03-27 | Method for producing composition containing kappa-casein glycomacropeptide |
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JPH05271295A (ja) * | 1992-03-30 | 1993-10-19 | Snow Brand Milk Prod Co Ltd | κ−カゼイングリコマクロペプチド含有量の高い組成物の製造方法 |
JP3225080B2 (ja) | 1992-03-30 | 2001-11-05 | 雪印乳業株式会社 | κ−カゼイングリコマクロペプチド含有量の高い組成物の製造方法 |
JPH10117728A (ja) * | 1996-10-25 | 1998-05-12 | Snow Brand Milk Prod Co Ltd | カルシウム吸収促進剤 |
JPH11103794A (ja) * | 1997-09-29 | 1999-04-20 | Snow Brand Milk Prod Co Ltd | 増粘及び/又は安定剤 |
JP2000270812A (ja) * | 1999-03-26 | 2000-10-03 | Snow Brand Milk Prod Co Ltd | ミネラル吸収促進剤 |
JP2015534832A (ja) * | 2012-11-15 | 2015-12-07 | アーラ フーズ エエムビエArla Foods amba | カゼイノマクロペプチドを含有する組成物を製造する方法 |
JP6396309B2 (ja) | 2012-11-15 | 2018-09-26 | アーラ フーズ エエムビエArla Foods amba | カゼイノマクロペプチドを含有する組成物を製造する方法 |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2022210231A1 (ja) | 2021-03-30 | 2022-10-06 | 雪印メグミルク株式会社 | 食品組成物の製造方法 |
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AU2019243464A1 (en) | 2020-11-05 |
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