WO2019163263A1 - 粉末冶金用混合粉 - Google Patents
粉末冶金用混合粉 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019163263A1 WO2019163263A1 PCT/JP2018/045746 JP2018045746W WO2019163263A1 WO 2019163263 A1 WO2019163263 A1 WO 2019163263A1 JP 2018045746 W JP2018045746 W JP 2018045746W WO 2019163263 A1 WO2019163263 A1 WO 2019163263A1
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- Prior art keywords
- powder
- lubricant
- mixed
- carbon atoms
- iron
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
- B22F1/102—Metallic powder coated with organic material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
- B22F1/103—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material containing an organic binding agent comprising a mixture of, or obtained by reaction of, two or more components other than a solvent or a lubricating agent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/16—Metallic particles coated with a non-metal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/56—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing nitrogen
- C10M105/58—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines, quaternary amines
- C10M105/60—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines, quaternary amines having amino groups bound to an acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atom
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
- B22F2301/35—Iron
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2302/00—Metal Compound, non-Metallic compound or non-metal composition of the powder or its coating
- B22F2302/40—Carbon, graphite
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a mixed powder for powder metallurgy, in particular, it is not necessary to use a metal soap that causes dirt, and has excellent extraction properties, and in addition, when carbon black is used, excellent fluidity and extraction properties. It is related with the mixed powder for powder metallurgy which can make it compatible.
- Powder metallurgy technology is a technique that allows parts with complex shapes to be formed into shapes that are very close to product shapes and that can be manufactured with high dimensional accuracy. Powder metallurgy technology can greatly reduce cutting costs. Therefore, powder metallurgy products are used in various fields as various machines and parts.
- iron-base powder as the main raw material is mixed with alloy powder such as copper powder, graphite powder and iron phosphide powder as needed, and machinability improving powder such as MnS and lubricant. Powder (hereinafter referred to as “mixed powder for powder metallurgy” or simply “mixed powder”) is used.
- the lubricant contained in the powder mixture for powder metallurgy plays an extremely important role.
- the operation of the lubricant will be described.
- the lubricant has a lubricating action when the mixed powder is molded with a mold.
- This action is further roughly divided into the following two.
- One is an action of reducing friction between particles contained in the mixed powder.
- the lubricant enters between the particles to reduce the friction, thereby promoting the rearrangement of the particles.
- the other is to reduce the friction between the mold used for molding and the particles.
- the lubricant enters between the mold and the particles, so that the friction between the mold and the particles is reduced.
- the lubricant exerts a lubricating action when taking out (extracting) the mixed powder (a green compact) compressed and molded in the mold.
- the green compact is extracted from the mold by pushing it out with a punch, but a large frictional resistance is generated by the friction between the green compact and the mold surface. Also in this case, the frictional force is reduced by the lubricant contained in the mixed powder that exists in contact with the mold surface.
- the lubricant contained in the powder mixture for powder metallurgy plays a very important role in manufacturing products.
- the lubricant is required until the molding and extraction from the mold are completed, and after that, it is not necessary, but it disappears when the green compact is sintered, and the final sintering It is required not to remain in the body.
- the lubricant since the lubricant generally has a stronger adhesive force than the iron-based powder, it deteriorates the fluidity of the mixed powder. Furthermore, since the specific gravity of the lubricant is smaller than that of the iron-based powder, there is a problem that the density of the green compact is reduced when a large amount is contained in the mixed powder.
- the lubricant used in the powder mixture for powder metallurgy may be required to function as a binder.
- the binder refers to a component for adhering the powder for an alloy as an additive component to the surface of the iron-based powder as a main component.
- General powder metallurgy powders are simply mixed with iron-based powders, such as alloy powders, machinability improving powders, and lubricants.
- iron-based powders such as alloy powders, machinability improving powders, and lubricants.
- Each component may segregate inside the powder.
- graphite powder generally used as an alloy powder has a lower specific gravity than other components, and therefore easily segregates when the mixed powder is caused to flow or vibrate.
- an additive component to the surface of the iron-based powder through a binder.
- Such powder is a kind of mixed powder for powder metallurgy, but is also called segregation prevention treated powder.
- segregation preventing treatment powder since the additive component adheres to the iron-based powder, segregation of the component as described above can be prevented.
- a compound that also functions as a lubricant is often employed. This is because the total amount of the binder and lubricant added to the mixed powder can be reduced by providing the binder with lubricating performance.
- Such a mixed powder for powder metallurgy is generally press-molded at a pressure of 300 to 1000 MPa to form a predetermined part shape, and then sintered at a high temperature of 1000 ° C. or more to obtain a final part shape.
- the total amount of the lubricant and binder contained in the mixed powder is generally about 0.1 to 2 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the iron-based powder.
- the lubricant is required to exhibit excellent lubricity with a small amount of blending.
- metal soaps such as zinc stearate have been widely used as the lubricant.
- the metal soap causes contamination of the furnace, workpiece, and sintered body surface when the green compact is sintered. Therefore, various lubricants that replace metal soap have been proposed.
- Patent Document 1 it is proposed to use diamide wax as a lubricant and binder.
- Patent Document 2 proposes using polyhydroxycarboxylic acid amide as a lubricant.
- Patent Document 3 proposes improving fluidity by adding a fluidity improver such as silica to a mixed powder containing a lubricant and binder such as diamide wax.
- Patent Document 4 proposes to improve fluidity and apparent density by adding carbon black to a mixed powder containing a lubricant and binder such as diamide wax.
- the polyhydroxycarboxylic acid amide proposed in Patent Document 2 needs to be synthesized by an amidation reaction using polyhydroxycarboxylic acid or its equivalent and an aliphatic amine as raw materials, and is not readily available. There was a problem.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, includes a readily available compound as a lubricant, does not need to include a metal soap that causes dirt, has excellent pull-out properties, and further includes carbon black. It is an object of the present invention to provide a powder mixture for powder metallurgy that can exhibit excellent fluidity without lowering the drawability.
- R 4 is an alkyl group having 12 or more carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 12 or more carbon atoms
- R 5, R 6 and R 7 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 or more carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 or more carbon atoms
- R 8 is an alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- the mixed powder for powder metallurgy according to the present invention can exhibit an extremely excellent extraction property without containing a metal soap that causes dirt. Furthermore, even when hard fine particles such as carbon black are added to improve fluidity, excellent fluidity can be exhibited without lowering the drawability. Moreover, since the aliphatic amine used as a lubricant in the present invention can be easily obtained as a commercial product, it is advantageous in terms of production and cost.
- the mixed powder for powder metallurgy of the present invention contains the following (a) and (b) as essential components.
- the mixed powder for powder metallurgy according to the present invention may contain one or more selected from the following (c) to (f) in addition to the following (a) and (b).
- the mixed powder for powder metallurgy according to the present invention can contain components other than the following (a) to (f) as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- A) Iron-based powder (b) Lubricant (c) Powder for alloy (d) Powder for improving machinability (e) Binder (f) Carbon black
- iron-based powder refers to a metal powder containing 50 mass% or more of Fe.
- the iron-based powder is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include iron powder and iron alloy powder.
- iron powder (generally referred to as “pure iron powder” in this technical field) refers to a powder composed of Fe and inevitable impurities.
- the iron alloy powder is not particularly limited as long as it is an alloy powder having Fe of 50% by mass or more, and includes an alloy steel powder.
- the alloy steel powder is not particularly limited, and is pre-alloyed steel powder (alloyed steel powder) that is pre-alloyed when the alloy element is melted, and partial diffusion alloying that is alloyed by partially diffusing the alloy element into iron powder.
- Hybrid steel powder in which alloy elements are further partially diffused into steel powder and pre-alloyed steel powder is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include C, Cu, Ni, Mo, Mn, Cr, V, and Si.
- the alloy element may be one type or two or more types.
- the method for producing the iron-based powder is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include reduced iron-based powder produced by reducing iron oxide and atomized iron-based powder produced by the atomizing method.
- the average particle diameter of the iron-based powder is not particularly limited, but is preferably 30 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 60 ⁇ m or more, and preferably 120 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle diameter refers to the median diameter (D50) measured with a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring apparatus.
- the mass ratio of the iron-based powder in the total mass of the powder mixture for powder metallurgy is not particularly limited, but is preferably 85% by mass or more, and more preferably 90% by mass or more.
- the aliphatic amine may be one type or two or more types.
- R 1 is an alkyl group having 12 or more carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 12 or more carbon atoms, preferably an alkyl group having 12 or more carbon atoms
- R 2 and R 3 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 or more carbon atoms, or an alkenyl group having 2 or more carbon atoms, preferably, both R 2 and R 3 are hydrogen atoms.
- R 2 and R 3 is a hydrogen atom, and the other is an alkyl group having 12 or more carbon atoms.
- R 4 is an alkyl group having 12 or more carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 12 or more carbon atoms, preferably an alkyl group having 12 or more carbon atoms
- R 5, R 6 and R 7 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 or more carbon atoms, or an alkenyl group having 2 or more carbon atoms, preferably all of R 6 , R 5 and R 7 are R 5 and R 7 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 or more carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 or more carbon atoms, and R 6 is 12 or more carbon atoms.
- R 8 is an alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- the aliphatic amine As a lubricant, it is possible to realize an excellent pulling out property without containing a metal soap. Moreover, when it uses together with carbon black so that it may mention later, the fall of the extractability by carbon black can be suppressed. Further, the aliphatic amine is advantageous in that it can be easily obtained as a commercial product.
- the alkyl group, alkenyl group or alkylene group may be either linear or branched unless otherwise specified.
- the alkyl group having 12 or more carbon atoms or the alkenyl group having 12 or more carbon atoms in the formulas (1) and (2) is preferably linear.
- the upper limit of the number of carbon atoms is not particularly limited, it is preferably 30 or less, more preferably 25 or less, from the viewpoint of easy availability of aliphatic amines.
- the alkyl group having 1 or more carbon atoms or the alkenyl group having 2 or more carbon atoms in the formulas (1) and (2) is preferably linear.
- the upper limit of the number of carbon atoms is not particularly limited, but is preferably 30 or less, more preferably 25 or less, from the viewpoint of easy availability of aliphatic amines.
- the melting point of the aliphatic amine is preferably 20 ° C. or higher. If the melting point of the aliphatic amine is 20 ° C. or higher, it is easy to obtain a solid form lubricant near the normal temperature of 20 ° C., it is possible to sufficiently avoid the loss of fluidity of the mixed powder, and increase the blending amount of the lubricant. It is because it can be made.
- the melting point of the aliphatic amine is more preferably 25 ° C. or higher, further preferably 30 ° C. or higher, and particularly preferably 40 ° C. or higher.
- the melting point of the aliphatic amine is preferably 100 ° C. or less, more preferably 85 ° C. or less, from the viewpoint of handleability.
- the melting point of the aliphatic amine is preferably 40 ° C. or higher. This is because even in the case where these powders are mixed at a temperature near room temperature, the inside of the mixer may become close to 40 ° C. due to frictional heat.
- an aliphatic amine having a melting point of 40 ° C. or higher as a lubricant it is possible to sufficiently prevent the formation of aggregates during mixing.
- the aliphatic amine is preferably a primary or secondary amine. Since the primary or secondary amine has a hydrogen atom directly bonded to a nitrogen atom, the aliphatic amine and the iron-based powder or mold are compared with a tertiary amine having no hydrogen atom directly bonded to the nitrogen atom. The interaction with the surface is large, and it can be expected to exhibit excellent performance as a lubricant.
- R 1 is a linear alkyl group having 15 to 25 carbon atoms, and both R 2 and R 3 are a hydrogen atom or a linear alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- R 1 is a linear alkyl group having 15 to 25 carbon atoms, one of R 2 and R 3 is a hydrogen atom, and the other is 15 carbon atoms.
- R 4 is a linear alkyl group having 15 to 25 carbon atoms
- R 5 to R 7 are all hydrogen atoms
- R 8 is a straight chain having 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the aliphatic amine include the following compounds. Stearylamine (C 18 H 37 —NH 2 ) • Behenylamine (C 22 H 45 —NH 2 ) Distearylamine [(C 18 H 37 ) 2 —NH] Cetylamine (C 16 H 33 —NH 2 ) Dimethylbehenylamine [C 22 H 45 —N— (CH 3 ) 2 ] Behenyl propylene diamine (C 22 H 45 —NH—C 3 H 6 —NH 2 )
- the mixed powder for powder metallurgy according to the present invention can contain only the aliphatic amine as a lubricant, other lubricants can be used in combination.
- the other lubricant is not particularly limited, and is an amide compound such as fatty acid monoamide, fatty acid bisamide, and amide oligomer, a polymer compound such as polyamide, polyethylene, polyester, polyol, and saccharide, and a metal soap such as zinc stearate and calcium stearate. Is mentioned.
- the mixed powder for powder metallurgy does not contain the metal soap.
- the mass of the lubricant is preferably 0.1 parts by mass or more, more preferably 0.2 parts by mass or more, and preferably 2.0 parts by mass or less, relative to 100 parts by mass of the iron-based powder. Part or less is more preferable.
- the mass proportion of the aliphatic amine and the other lubricant in the mass of the lubricant is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of sufficiently exhibiting the excellent characteristics of the aliphatic amine, the mass proportion of the other lubricant is Low is desirable.
- the mass ratio of the aliphatic amine in the mass of the lubricant is preferably 50% by mass or more, and can be, for example, 55% by mass or more.
- the upper limit of the mass ratio of the aliphatic amine is not particularly limited, and may be 100% by mass.
- the mass of the aliphatic amine is preferably 0.1 parts by mass or more, more preferably 0.2 parts by mass or more, and preferably 1.0 parts by mass or less, relative to 100 parts by mass of the iron-based powder. 9 parts by mass or less is more preferable.
- the lubricant may be in the form of a powder, or may be a composite powder adhered to other components.
- the powder and the composite powder may be used in combination.
- the average particle diameter is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 5 ⁇ m or more, and preferably 100 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 50 ⁇ m or less.
- a powder in which a lubricant is attached to the iron-based powder is exemplified, and this form includes a powder in which the iron-based powder is coated with a lubricant.
- the mixed powder mixed powder for powder metallurgy according to the present invention includes one or both of an alloy powder and a machinability improving powder, which will be described later, these powders are adhered to the iron-based powder with a lubricant that also serves as a binder.
- a lubricant that also serves as a binder.
- the above-mentioned aliphatic amine can be used as a lubricant that also serves as a binder.
- an aliphatic amine which is a primary or secondary amine is preferred.
- amide compounds such as fatty acid monoamides, fatty acid bisamides, and amide oligomers, and high molecular compounds such as polyamides, polyethylenes, polyesters, polyols, and saccharides can also be used as lubricants that also serve as binders.
- the lubricant When the lubricant also serves as a binder, the total amount of the binder and the lubricant in the entire mixed powder can be reduced. Therefore, it is preferable to use a lubricant that also serves as a binder.
- the lubricant may be a lubricant in which at least a part also serves as a binder, or may be a lubricant in which all serve as a binder.
- the mixed powder for powder metallurgy of the present invention can contain one or both of (c) powder for alloy and (d) powder for improving machinability.
- the (c) alloy powder and (d) machinability improving powder are optional components, and the respective mass and total mass may be, for example, 0 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the iron-based powder.
- the alloy powder refers to a powder in which, when the mixed powder is sintered, the alloy elements in the alloy powder are dissolved in iron and alloyed. By using the alloy powder, the strength of the finally obtained sintered body can be improved.
- the alloy powder may be one type or two or more types.
- the alloy element is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include C, Cu, Ni, Mo, Mn, Cr, V, and Si.
- the alloy powder may be a metal powder composed of one kind of alloy element or an alloy powder composed of two or more kinds. An alloy powder composed of Fe and one or more of alloy elements and Fe less than 50% by mass can also be used. Moreover, when using C as an alloy component, it is preferable to use graphite powder as the alloy powder. As the alloy powder, Cu powder and graphite powder are preferable.
- the machinability improving powder is a component that improves the machinability (workability) of a sintered body obtained by sintering the mixed powder, and includes MnS, CaF 2 and talc.
- machinability improving powder one or more machinability improving powders can be used.
- the mass of one or both of the (c) alloy powder and the (d) machinability improving powder is preferably 10 parts by mass or less, more preferably 7 parts by mass or less, with respect to 100 parts by mass of the iron-based powder. 5 parts by mass or less is more preferable.
- the mass of one or both of (c) the alloy powder and (d) the machinability improving powder within the above range, the density of the sintered body can be further increased and the strength of the sintered body can be further improved. it can.
- these masses are preferably 0.1 parts by mass or more, more preferably 0.5 parts by mass or more, and further preferably 1 part by mass or more.
- the average particle size of the (c) alloy powder and (d) machinability improving powder is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 1 ⁇ m or more, and preferably 100 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 50 ⁇ m or less. .
- (E) Binder When the powder mixture for powder metallurgy according to the present invention contains at least one of an alloy powder and a machinability improving powder, a binder is preferably used to prevent segregation. By attaching one or both of the alloy powder and the machinability improving powder to the surface of the iron-based powder with the binder, segregation can be prevented and the properties of the sintered body can be further improved. That is, the mixed powder for powder metallurgy can be used as the segregation preventing powder.
- the binder is not particularly limited as long as it can adhere one or both of the alloy powder and the machinability improving powder to the surface of the iron-based powder.
- the lubricant can also serve as a binder.
- the mass of the binder is preferably 5 parts by mass or more, more preferably 10 parts by mass or more from the viewpoint of adhesion, when one or both of the alloy powder and the machinability improving powder is 100 parts by mass. From the viewpoint of the density of the sintered body, 50 parts by mass or less is preferable, and 40 parts by mass or less is more preferable.
- the mass of the binder includes the mass of the lubricant that also serves as the binder. By using such a lubricant, it is possible to reduce the total amount of binder and lubricant in the entire mixed powder.
- the binder it is preferable to use a binder that has lubricity and can function as a lubricant. In that case, it can be said that the binder also serves as a lubricant.
- a lubricant that also serves as a binder and other binders may be used in combination.
- the mixed powder of the present invention can contain carbon black as a fluidity improving powder in order to further improve fluidity.
- carbon black it is preferable to blend carbon black.
- the specific surface area of the carbon black is not particularly limited, but is preferably 50 m 2 / g or more, and preferably 120 m 2 / g or less.
- the specific surface area is a value measured by the BET method.
- the average particle size of carbon black is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 nm or more, and more preferably 500 nm or less.
- the average particle diameter of carbon black is the arithmetic average of the particle diameters of the particles observed with an electron microscope.
- the amount of carbon black added can be 0.06 to 3.0 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the iron-based powder. If the content of carbon black is 0.06 parts by mass or more, a sufficient fluidity improving effect can be easily obtained. On the other hand, if the amount of carbon black added is 3.0 parts by mass or less, it depends on the blending of carbon black. A decrease in compressibility and pullability can be sufficiently prevented.
- the manufacturing method of the mixed powder for powder metallurgy of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- a powder mixture for powder metallurgy can be obtained by mixing the above components using a mixer.
- the addition and mixing of each component can be performed once, but can also be performed in two or more steps.
- the mixing is preferably performed at room temperature (20 ° C.).
- the above components are stirred at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the binder (for example, a temperature range 10 to 100 ° C. higher than the melting point), and gradually mixed while being mixed. It only has to be cooled.
- the surface of the iron-based powder can be coated with the molten binder.
- the alloy powder and the machinability improving powder can be present during heating and stirring, these powders can be attached to the iron-based powder via a binder.
- carbon black may be mixed after the alloy powder and the machinability improving powder are adhered to the iron-based powder via a binder.
- a binder that also serves as a lubricant may be used as the binder.
- the mixing means is not particularly limited, and any of various known mixers can be used. From the viewpoint of easy heating, it is preferable to use a high-speed bottom stirring mixer, an inclined rotary pan mixer, a rotary mulberry mixer, and a conical planetary screw mixer.
- a sintered body can be obtained using the mixed powder for powder metallurgy of the present invention.
- the method for producing the sintered body is not particularly limited, and the powder metallurgy mixed powder of the present invention is filled in a mold and compression molded to obtain a green compact, which is then taken out and subjected to a sintering treatment. Can do.
- the compression molding method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include press molding.
- the pressure for press molding can be set to 300 to 1000 MPa, for example.
- the method of sintering treatment is not particularly limited, and for example, sintering can be performed at a high temperature of 1000 ° C. or higher.
- the temperature for the sintering treatment is preferably 1300 ° C. or lower.
- the atmosphere of the sintering treatment is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen and argon.
- the obtained sintered body can be subjected to a known post-treatment.
- a product with a predetermined size may be obtained by cutting or the like.
- the mixed powder for powder metallurgy according to the present invention is excellent in fluidity, it is advantageous in compression molding. Further, the use of the mixed powder for metallurgy according to the present invention is advantageous because the green compact can be extracted from the mold with a low extraction force.
- Example 1 The mixed powder for powder metallurgy was prepared by the following procedure, and the characteristics of the obtained powder mixture for powder metallurgy and the characteristics of the green compact produced using the powder mixture for powder metallurgy were evaluated.
- iron powder pure iron powder manufactured by the atomizing method (JIP301A manufactured by JFE Steel Corporation) was used.
- the median diameter D50 of the iron powder was 80 ⁇ m.
- the median diameter D50 was measured with a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring device. In the following, the median diameter D50 was measured in the same manner for powders other than carbon black.
- Table 1 shows the components used as the powder for the (b) lubricant and (c) alloy, and the blending amount of each component.
- the median diameter D50 of the lubricant used is as shown in Table 1.
- the median diameter D50 of the copper powder used as the alloy powder was 25 ⁇ m, and the median diameter D50 of the graphite powder was 4.2 ⁇ m.
- the lubricant also serves as a binder. That is, the alloy powder adheres to the surface of the iron-based powder through a lubricant that also serves as a binder.
- the apparent density was evaluated according to the method specified in JIS Z 2504 using a funnel with a diameter of 2.5 mm.
- the powder fluidity was evaluated by the critical outflow diameter.
- a container having a cylindrical shape with an inner diameter of 67 mm and a height of 33 mm and having a discharge hole with a variable diameter at the bottom was prepared.
- the container was filled with an amount of mixed powder that slightly overflowed from the container with the discharge hole closed. After holding in that state for 5 minutes, the powder swelled on the container was scraped off along the top of the container with a spatula. Subsequently, the discharge holes were gradually opened, the minimum diameter at which the mixed powder could be discharged was measured, and the minimum diameter was defined as the limit outflow diameter. The smaller the critical outflow diameter, the better the fluidity.
- a green compact was produced using the powder mixture for powder metallurgy, and the density (green compact density) and the unloading power of the obtained green compact were evaluated.
- a tablet-type green compact with a diameter of 11.3 mm ⁇ 10 mm was manufactured by molding at a pressure of 686 MPa according to JIS Z 2508 and JPMA P 10.
- the green density was calculated from the size and weight of the obtained molded body.
- the extraction output was obtained from the extraction load when extracting from the mold. The measurement results are shown in Table 1.
- the mixed powder for powder metallurgy satisfying the conditions of the present invention had a lower extraction force than the comparative example and was excellent in extraction performance.
- Example 2 powder metallurgy mixed powder containing carbon black was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Table 2 shows the types and amounts of the components used.
- the carbon black used had a specific surface area (according to a BET specific surface area measurement method) of 95 m 2 / g and an average particle diameter (according to an arithmetic average of particle diameters observed with an electron microscope) of 25 nm.
- the average particle size of the iron-based powder, the copper powder used as the alloy powder, and the graphite powder is the same as in Example 1, and the average particle size of the lubricant is as shown in Table 2.
- Example 3 In the above Examples 1 and 2, mixed powder for powder metallurgy was manufactured by heating and mixing above the melting point of the lubricant. Therefore, in Examples 1 and 2, the lubricant also serves as a binder. However, the present invention is also effective when no binder is used, that is, when the lubricant is simply mixed without heating.
- the average particle diameters of the iron-based powder, the copper powder used as the alloy powder, and the graphite powder are the same as in Example 1, and the specific surface area and the average particle diameter of carbon black are the same as in Example 2.
- the average particle diameter of the lubricant is as shown in Table 3.
- the extraction force was lower than that of the comparative example, and the extraction property was excellent.
- the mixed powder of the comparative example has a low extraction property due to the addition of carbon black, the mixed powder for powder metallurgy satisfying the conditions of the present invention maintained a good extraction property.
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Abstract
Description
前記(b)潤滑剤が、式(1)または(2)で表される脂肪族アミンの1種以上を含有する、粉末冶金用混合粉。
R1は、炭素原子数12以上のアルキル基または炭素原子数12以上のアルケニル基であり、
R2およびR3は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、炭素原子数1以上のアルキル基または炭素原子数2以上のアルケニル基である。)
R4は、炭素原子数12以上のアルキル基または炭素原子数12以上のアルケニル基であり、
R5、R6およびR7は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、炭素原子数1以上のアルキル基または炭素原子数2以上のアルケニル基であり、
R8は、炭素原子数1~5のアルキレン基である。)
(a)鉄基粉末
(b)潤滑剤
(c)合金用粉末
(d)切削性改善用粉末
(e)結合剤
(f)カーボンブラック
本明細書において、鉄基粉末は、Feを50質量%以上含む金属粉末を指すものとする。鉄基粉末は、特に限定されず、鉄粉および鉄合金粉が挙げられる。鉄粉(本技術分野においては一般的に「純鉄粉」と称される。)は、本明細書において、Feおよび不可避不純物からなる粉末を指すものとする。前記鉄合金粉は、Feが50質量%以上である合金粉であれば、特に限定されず、合金鋼粉を含む。前記合金鋼粉は、特に限定されず、合金元素を溶製時に予め合金化した予合金鋼粉(完全合金化鋼粉)、鉄粉に合金元素を部分拡散させて合金化した部分拡散合金化鋼粉、予合金化鋼粉にさらに合金元素を部分拡散させたハイブリッド鋼粉が挙げられる。前記合金元素は、特に限定されず、C、Cu、Ni、Mo、Mn、Cr、V、Siが挙げられる。前記合金元素は、1種または2種以上であることができる。
[脂肪族アミン]
本発明では、前記潤滑剤として、下記の一般式(1)または(2)で表される脂肪族アミンを用いることが重要である。前記脂肪族アミンは、1種または2種以上であることができる。
R1は、炭素原子数12以上のアルキル基または炭素原子数12以上のアルケニル基であり、好ましくは炭素原子数12以上のアルキル基であり、
R2およびR3は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子または炭素原子数1以上のアルキル基または炭素原子数2以上のアルケニル基であり、好ましくは、R2およびR3の両方が水素原子であるか、またはR2およびR3の一方が水素原子であり、他方が炭素原子数12以上のアルキル基である。)
R5、R6およびR7は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、炭素原子数1以上のアルキル基または炭素原子数2以上のアルケニル基であり、好ましくはR6、R5およびR7の全てが水素原子であるか、またはR5およびR7が、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、炭素原子数1以上のアルキル基または炭素原子数2以上のアルケニル基であり、R6が炭素原子数12以上のアルキル基または炭素原子数12以上のアルケニル基であり、
R8は、炭素原子数1~5のアルキレン基であり、好ましくは炭素原子数1~3のアルキレン基である。)
前記式(1)および(2)における炭素原子数12以上のアルキル基または炭素原子数12以上のアルケニル基は、好ましくは直鎖状である。また、炭素原子数の上限は特に限定されないが、脂肪族アミンの入手の容易さの観点からは、30以下が好ましく、25以下がより好ましい。
また、式(1)および(2)における炭素原子数1以上のアルキル基または炭素原子数2以上のアルケニル基は、好ましくは直鎖状である。炭素原子数の上限は特に限定されないが、脂肪族アミンの入手の容易さの観点からは、30以下が好ましく、25以下がより好ましい。
・式(1)において、R1が炭素原子数15~25の直鎖状のアルキル基であり、R2およびR3の両方が水素原子または炭素原子数1~4の直鎖状のアルキル基である脂肪族アミン
・式(1)において、R1が炭素原子数15~25の直鎖状のアルキル基であり、R2およびR3の一方が水素原子であり、他方が炭素原子数15~25の直鎖状のアルキル基である脂肪族アミン(ここで、R1と、炭素原子数15~25の直鎖状のアルキル基であるR2またはR3とは、同じであることがより好ましい。)
・式(2)において、R4が炭素原子数15~25の直鎖状のアルキル基であり、R5~R7の全てが水素原子であり、R8が炭素原子数2~4の直鎖状または分岐状のアルキレン基である脂肪族アミン
・ステアリルアミン(C18H37-NH2)
・ベヘニルアミン(C22H45-NH2)
・ジステアリルアミン[(C18H37)2-NH]
・セチルアミン(C16H33-NH2)
・ジメチルベヘニルアミン[C22H45-N-(CH3)2]
・ベヘニルプロピレンジアミン(C22H45-NH-C3H6-NH2)
本発明の粉末冶金用混合粉は、潤滑剤として前記脂肪族アミンのみを含有することもできるが、その他の潤滑剤を併用することもできる。前記その他の潤滑剤は、特に限定されず、脂肪酸モノアミド、脂肪酸ビスアミド、アミドオリゴマー等のアミド化合物、ポリアミド、ポリエチレン、ポリエステル、ポリオール、糖類等の高分子化合物、ステアリン酸亜鉛、ステアリン酸カルシウム等の金属石鹸が挙げられる。ただし、先に述べたように、金属石鹸は、炉やワーク、焼結体表面の汚れの原因となるため、前記粉末冶金用混合粉は金属石鹸を含有しないことが好ましい。
潤滑剤の質量は、鉄基粉末100質量部に対して、0.1質量部以上が好ましく、0.2質量部以上がより好ましく、また、2.0質量部以下が好ましく、1.8質量部以下がより好ましい。
本発明の粉末冶金用混合粉は、(c)合金用粉末および(d)切削性改善用粉末の一方または両方を含有することができる。(c)合金用粉末および(d)切削性改善用粉末は、任意成分であり、それぞれの質量および合計質量は、例えば鉄基粉末100質量部に対して0質量部であってもよい。
本発明の粉末冶金用混合粉が合金用粉末および切削性改善用粉末の少なくとも一方を含有する場合、偏析を防止するために、結合剤を用いることが好ましい。結合剤によって、前記合金用粉末および切削性改善用粉末の一方または両方を、前記鉄基粉末の表面に付着させることにより、偏析を防止し、焼結体の特性をさらに向上させることができる。すなわち、粉末冶金用混合粉を、偏析防止処理粉とすることができる。
本発明の混合粉は、流動性をさらに向上させるために、流動性改善用粉末としてカーボンブラックを含有することができる。(c)合金用粉末および(d)切削性改善用粉末の一方または両方を含有する場合、カーボンブラックを配合することが好ましい。
本発明の粉末冶金用混合粉の製造方法は、特に限定されない。例えば、上記各成分を、混合機を用いて混合することにより、粉末冶金用混合粉を得ることができる。各成分の添加と混合は、1回で行うこともできるが、2回以上に分けて行うこともできる。混合は、室温(20℃)で行うことが好ましい。
本発明の粉末冶金用混合粉を用いて、焼結体を得ることができる。焼結体の製造方法は、特に限定されず、本発明の粉末冶金用混合粉を金型に充填して圧縮成形し、圧粉体とした後、これを取り出して、焼結処理に付すことができる。圧縮成形の方法は特に限定されず、プレス成形等が挙げられる。プレス成形の圧力は、例えば300~1000MPaとすることができる。
以下の手順で粉末冶金用混合粉を調製し、得られた粉末冶金用混合粉の特性と、該粉末冶金用混合粉を用いて作製した圧粉体の特性を評価した。
見掛密度は、直径2.5mmのロートを使用し、JIS Z 2504に規定された方法に従って評価した。
粉体流動性は、限界流出径によって評価した。まず、内径67mm、高さ33mmの円筒状であって、径を変えることのできる排出孔を底部に備えた容器を用意した。前記容器に、排出孔を閉じた状態で、該容器から少し溢れる程度の量の混合粉を充填した。その状態で5分間保持した後、容器上に盛り上がった粉末を容器上部に沿ってヘラで摺り切った。次いで、排出孔を徐々に開いていき、混合粉末が排出できた最小径を測定し、前記最小径を限界流出径とした。限界流出径が小さいほど流動性に優れている。
さらに、(f)カーボンブラックを含む粉末冶金用混合粉を調製し、実施例1と同様の評価を行った。使用した成分の種類と配合量を表2に示す。使用したカーボンブラックの比表面積(BET比表面積測定法による)は95m2/g、平均粒径(電子顕微鏡で観察した粒子の粒径の算術平均による)は25nmであった。鉄基粉末、合金用粉末として用いた銅粉、黒鉛粉の平均粒径は、実施例1と同様であり、潤滑剤の平均粒径は、表2に示すとおりである。
上記実施例1、2では、潤滑剤の融点以上で加熱混合して粉末冶金用混合粉を製造した。したがって、実施例1、2では、潤滑剤が結合剤を兼ねている。しかし、本発明は結合剤を用いない場合、すなわち、潤滑剤を加熱することなく単に混合した場合にも有効である。鉄基粉末、合金用粉末として用いた銅粉、黒鉛粉の平均粒径は、実施例1と同様であり、カーボンブラックの比表面積および平均粒径は、実施例2と同様である。また、潤滑剤の平均粒径は、表3に示すとおりである。
Claims (11)
- (a)鉄基粉末および(b)潤滑剤を含有する粉末冶金用混合粉であって、
前記(b)潤滑剤が、式(1)または(2)で表される脂肪族アミンの1種以上を含有する、粉末冶金用混合粉。
R1は、炭素原子数12以上のアルキル基または炭素原子数12以上のアルケニル基であり、
R2およびR3は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、炭素原子数1以上のアルキル基または炭素原子数2以上のアルケニル基である。)
R4は、炭素原子数12以上のアルキル基または炭素原子数12以上のアルケニル基であり、
R5、R6およびR7は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、炭素原子数1以上のアルキル基または炭素原子数2以上のアルケニル基であり、
R8は、炭素原子数1~5のアルキレン基である。) - 前記脂肪族アミンの融点が20℃以上である、請求項1に記載の粉末冶金用混合粉。
- 前記脂肪族アミンの融点が40℃以上である、請求項2に記載の粉末冶金用混合粉。
- 前記脂肪族アミンが、1級アミンまたは2級アミンである、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の粉末冶金用混合粉。
- (c)合金用粉末および(d)切削性改善用粉末の一方または両方を含有する、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の粉末冶金用混合粉。
- 前記(c)合金用粉末および(d)切削性改善用粉末の一方または両方が、(e)結合剤によって前記(a)鉄基粉末の表面に付着している、請求項5に記載の粉末冶金用混合粉。
- 前記(b)潤滑剤の少なくとも一部が、前記(e)結合剤を兼ねる、請求項6に記載の粉末冶金用混合粉。
- 前記(b)潤滑剤に含有される前記脂肪族アミンが、前記(e)結合剤を兼ねる、請求項7に記載の粉末冶金用混合粉。
- (f)カーボンブラックを含有する、請求項1~8のいずれ一項に記載の粉末冶金用混合粉。
- 前記(f)カーボンブラックが、前記(a)鉄基粉末100質量部に対し0.06~3.0質量部である、請求項9に記載の粉末冶金用混合粉。
- 請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の粉末冶金用混合粉を用いた焼結体。
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JP6760495B2 (ja) | 2020-09-23 |
US11643710B2 (en) | 2023-05-09 |
CA3090455A1 (en) | 2019-08-29 |
EP3756790A1 (en) | 2020-12-30 |
US20210114093A1 (en) | 2021-04-22 |
EP3756790A4 (en) | 2021-03-03 |
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