WO2019153946A1 - Membrane d'osmose directe haute performance, son procédé de préparation et son application - Google Patents

Membrane d'osmose directe haute performance, son procédé de préparation et son application Download PDF

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WO2019153946A1
WO2019153946A1 PCT/CN2018/124701 CN2018124701W WO2019153946A1 WO 2019153946 A1 WO2019153946 A1 WO 2019153946A1 CN 2018124701 W CN2018124701 W CN 2018124701W WO 2019153946 A1 WO2019153946 A1 WO 2019153946A1
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forward osmosis
osmosis membrane
high performance
solution
membrane
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PCT/CN2018/124701
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
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刘长坤
雷晓斌
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深圳大学
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D67/00Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
    • B01D67/0002Organic membrane manufacture
    • B01D67/0006Organic membrane manufacture by chemical reactions
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/445Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by forward osmosis
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D69/00Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D69/12Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
    • B01D69/125In situ manufacturing by polymerisation, polycondensation, cross-linking or chemical reaction
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D71/00Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D71/06Organic material
    • B01D71/56Polyamides, e.g. polyester-amides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/20Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of permeable membranes, in particular to a high performance forward osmosis membrane and a preparation method and application thereof.
  • the forward osmosis technology has a bright future in wastewater treatment.
  • the forward osmosis technology does not require external pressure, and the water molecules spontaneously pass through the raw material liquid (low osmotic pressure) under the condition of high osmotic pressure difference.
  • the permeable membrane flows to the pumping liquid (high osmotic pressure) to remove the pollutants. Therefore, positive permeation has the following advantages: (1) high rejection rate, (2) relatively low energy consumption, (3) low membrane fouling tendency, and (4) high water recovery rate. Therefore, forward osmosis technology can play an important role in the treatment of heavy metal wastewater.
  • the nanofiltration, reverse osmosis and active selective layers of the reverse osmosis membrane of the thin film composite membrane are usually prepared by interfacial polymerization.
  • the aromatic polyamide (PA) selective layer of the conventional composite forward osmosis membrane is prepared by interfacial polymerization of m-phenylenediamine (MPD) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC).
  • MPD m-phenylenediamine
  • TMC trimesoyl chloride
  • the PA selective layer is not hydrophilic, rough microscopic morphology, Factors such as dense structure and negatively charged groups lead to low water flux and membrane fouling. Therefore, the traditional composite forward osmosis membrane has low water flux and poor stain resistance, and it is necessary to modify the PA selective layer.
  • the PA selective layer modification often adopts two strategies: one is to add nanometer in the aqueous phase or the organic phase.
  • Particles, functional monomers and metal-organic frameworks improve the physicochemical properties of the PA selective layer by interfacial polymerization, and improve the desalting, chlorine and antifouling properties of the forward osmosis membrane, such as the addition of zeolite, carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, Bovine albumin, tris(2-aminoethyl)amine, and metal organic frameworks, however, the selective layer of the forward osmosis membrane combined with the nanomaterial may adversely affect the selectivity of the membrane; the other is performed on the surface of the PA layer.
  • the secondary interfacial polymerization or grafting reaction significantly changes the hydrophilicity, chargeability and surface roughness of the membrane to improve the separation, antifouling and antibacterial properties of the membrane.
  • this modification method increases the thickness of the PA selective layer, resulting in an increase in the resistance of water to the membrane, thereby suppressing an increase in water flux.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a high-performance forward osmosis membrane, a preparation method thereof and an application thereof, aiming at solving the low water flux and treatment of a conventional forward osmosis membrane using an aromatic polyamide as a skin layer.
  • a method for preparing a high performance forward osmosis membrane comprising the steps of:
  • the upper surface of the base film is immersed in an aqueous solution of a polyamide-amine dendrimer mixed with m-phenylenediamine, and after 2-5 min, the base film is taken out and the solution on the surface of the base film is blotted dry with a filter paper;
  • the upper surface of the base film obtained in the step A is further immersed in the triphenyltrichlorochloride solution, and after 1-3 minutes, the solution is poured off to obtain a high performance forward osmosis membrane.
  • the method for preparing a high performance forward osmosis membrane wherein the base membrane material is polyvinylidene fluoride or polysulfone.
  • the method for producing a high performance forward osmosis membrane wherein the base membrane has an average pore diameter of 200 to 250 ⁇ m.
  • the method for preparing a high performance forward osmosis membrane wherein a mass concentration of the polyamide-amine dendrimer is 0.1-0.4% in an aqueous solution in which the polyamide-amine dendrimer is mixed with m-phenylenediamine The mass concentration of m-phenylenediamine was 0.2%.
  • the method for preparing a high performance forward osmosis membrane wherein the solvent in the trimestriol solution is n-hexane.
  • the method for preparing a high performance forward osmosis membrane wherein the mass concentration of the trimestriol solution is 0.2%.
  • step B further comprises the following steps:
  • the high-performance forward osmosis membrane is placed in a dry box and dried after being dried at 60-80 ° C for 3-6 min.
  • a high performance forward osmosis membrane prepared by the above preparation method.
  • a high performance forward osmosis membrane wherein the high performance forward osmosis membrane produced by the above preparation method is used to remove heavy metal ions in water.
  • the present invention adopts a polyamide-amine dendrimer (PAMAM) in-situ modification one-step method to prepare a polyamide forward osmosis membrane, and the preparation steps are simple and easy to control.
  • PAMAM polyamide-amine dendrimer
  • the preparation steps are simple and easy to control.
  • PAMAM can increase the relative free volume and hydrophilicity of the polyamide layer, thereby increasing the water flux of the forward osmosis membrane; at the same time, the free amine group on the PAMAM in the polyamide layer can adsorb.
  • Heavy metal ions increase the positive charge of the membrane to enhance the repulsion of heavy metal ions in water, and promote the removal of heavy metal ions from water by the positive osmosis membrane.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a preferred embodiment of a method for preparing a high performance forward osmosis membrane of the present invention.
  • Example 2 is a histogram of the water flux and reverse salt flux measured by the forward osmosis membrane prepared in Example 1 - Example 3 as the selected layer is directed toward the draw solution.
  • Figure 3 is a histogram of water flux and reverse salt flux as measured by the positive osmosis membranes prepared in Examples 1 - Example 3 as the selected layer faces the feedstock.
  • Figure 4 is a graphical representation of the results of water flux and reverse salt flux measured for M-0 and M-2 forward osmosis membranes at different concentrations of salt solution with the selected layer facing the draw solution.
  • Figure 5 is a graphical representation of the results of water flux and reverse salt flux measured for M-0 and M-2 forward osmosis membranes at different concentrations of salt solution with the selected layer facing the feedstock.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram showing the water flux results of the removal of five heavy metal ions Ni 2+ , Cu 2+ , Pb 2+ , Zn 2+ and Cd 2+ by M-0 and M-2 forward osmosis membranes in AL-DS mode.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram showing the water flux results of the removal of five heavy metal ions Ni 2+ , Cu 2+ , Pb 2+ , Zn 2+ and Cd 2+ by M-0 and M-2 forward osmosis membranes in AL-FS mode.
  • Figure 8 is a graph showing the results of rejection of five heavy metal ions Ni 2+ , Cu 2+ , Pb 2+ , Zn 2+ and Cd 2+ in M- and M-2 forward osmosis membranes in AL-DS mode.
  • Figure 9 is a graph showing the results of rejection of five heavy metal ions Ni 2+ , Cu 2+ , Pb 2+ , Zn 2+ and Cd 2+ in M- and M-2 forward osmosis membranes in AL-FS mode.
  • the present invention provides a high-performance forward osmosis membrane, a preparation method and application thereof, and the present invention will be further described in detail below in order to make the objects, technical solutions and effects of the present invention more clear and clear. It is understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a preferred embodiment of a method for preparing a high performance forward osmosis membrane according to the present invention.
  • the upper surface of the base film is immersed in an aqueous solution of a polyamide-amine dendrimer mixed with m-phenylenediamine, and after 2-5 min, the base film is taken out and the solution on the surface of the base film is blotted dry with a filter paper;
  • step S20 the upper surface of the base film obtained in step S10 is further immersed in a solution of trimer trichloride, and after 1-3 minutes, the solution is poured off to obtain a high-performance forward osmosis membrane.
  • the polyamide-amine dendrimer has a radially symmetric, hyperbranched structure, a large number of terminal functional groups, and an approximately spherical molecular structure, it can be used to modify the polyamide layer of the film.
  • the polyamide-amine dendrimer PAMAM
  • the polyamide-amine dendrimer can be combined with the polyamide layer and can change the roughness, hydrophilicity and permeability of the polyamide layer to improve the water flux.
  • a polyamide reverse osmosis membrane is prepared by a PAMAM in-situ modification one-step method, and the preparation steps are simple and easy to control.
  • PAMAM has a large number of terminal amine groups, which can bind to the polyamide layer and increase the hydrophilicity of the polyamide layer; at the same time, because PAMAM has molecular cavity and nano molecular structure, it can increase
  • the relative free volume of the large polyamide layer increases the permeability of the forward osmosis membrane, thereby increasing the water flux of the forward osmosis membrane; at the same time, the free amine group on the PAMAM in the polyamide layer can adsorb heavy metal ions and increase the positive charge of the membrane.
  • the forward osmosis membrane has good performance for removing heavy metal ions under different conditions, and the interception rate of the five heavy metal ions, such as Cu 2+ , Ni 2+ , Pb 2+ , Zn 2+ and Cd 2+ , exceeds 99.5%.
  • the base film material is polyvinylidene fluoride or polysulfone, and more preferably, the base film has an average pore diameter of 200 to 250 ⁇ m.
  • a previously prepared polyvinylidene fluoride film having an average pore diameter of 220 ⁇ m is fixed on the experimental apparatus with the front side facing upward; then the polyamide-amine dendrimer is mixed with m-phenylenediamine.
  • the aqueous solution was poured into the above apparatus, and after immersion for 2-5 minutes, the solution was poured out, and the solution on the surface of the base film was blotted with a clean filter paper.
  • the mass concentration of the polyamide-amine dendrimer is 0.1-0.4%, and the mass concentration of m-phenylenediamine is 0.2%.
  • the polyamide-amine dendrimer has a mass concentration of 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% or 0.4%.
  • triphenyltrichlorochloride solution is poured into the surface of the base film soaked with the mixed aqueous solution of the polyamide-amine dendrimer and the m-phenylenediamine, and after 1-3 minutes, the solution is poured off to obtain a new high-performance positive osmosis. membrane.
  • the polyamide-amine dendrimer is interfacially polymerized with m-phenylenediamine and trimestriol on the upper surface of the base film to prepare a PAMAM-modified high-performance forward osmosis membrane.
  • the reaction is as follows:
  • the solvent in the trimestriol solution is n-hexane. More preferably, the isophthalic trichloride solution has a mass concentration of 0.2%.
  • the high performance forward osmosis membrane is placed in a dry box, dried at 60-80 ° C for 3-6 min, and taken out, and used.
  • the present invention also provides a high performance forward osmosis membrane which is prepared by the above preparation method.
  • the present invention also provides an application of a high performance forward osmosis membrane in which a high performance forward osmosis membrane produced by the above preparation method is used to remove heavy metal ions in water.
  • TFC type FO membrane A PAMAM modified composite forward osmosis membrane (TFC type FO membrane) was prepared by interfacial polymerization on a polyvinylidene fluoride (TMC) mixed solution of PAMAM and m-phenylenediamine (MPD) on a polyvinylidene fluoride film.
  • TMC polyvinylidene fluoride
  • MPD m-phenylenediamine
  • PAMAM has a nanometer-sized molecular structure
  • the primary and tertiary amine groups on PAMAM are regularly arranged along the molecular chain and the macromolecular single Dispersibility
  • the molecular cavity of PAMAM can act as a water channel, resulting in enhanced water permeability of the membrane.
  • PAMAM has a large number of terminal amine groups, and the unreacted free amine group can adsorb with heavy metal ions in water. After adsorption of heavy metals, it may enhance the positive charge of the selective layer and enhance the rejection of cations in water.
  • a PAMAM-modified TFC-type FO film was prepared by interfacial polymerization on a polyvinylidene fluoride film with a mass concentration of 1.0% PAMAM aqueous solution (without MPD) and trimesochloride (TMC) on a polyvinylidene fluoride film, denoted as M-5.
  • the preparation steps were similar to those of Example 1.
  • a TFC-type FO film was prepared by interfacial polymerization on a polyvinylidene fluoride film by using an aqueous solution of MPD having a mass concentration of 0.2% and trimer trichloride (TMC), which was designated as M-0, and the preparation procedure was similar to that of Example 1.
  • TMC trimer trichloride
  • DI (deionized) water was used as a raw material solution, and 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 M MgCl 2 solution was used as a draw solution to obtain different osmotic pressures.
  • a laboratory-made FO filter device tests the J w and J s of the TFC-type FO film. The increase in the volume of the draw liquid is monitored by changes in the level of the liquid level, and changes in the salt concentration in the feed liquid can be detected in real time using a conductivity meter.
  • the pure water flux J w (Lm -2 h -1 , denoted as LMH) and the reverse salt flux J s (gm -2 h -1 , expressed as gMH) are calculated according to the formula:
  • J w (LMH) is the pure water flux
  • ⁇ V (L) is the permeate volume of pure water
  • ⁇ t(h) is the test time
  • a m (m 2 ) is the effective area of the membrane (9 cm 2 ).
  • J s is the pure water flux gMH
  • V f,t , V f,i (L) respectively represent the volume of the raw material liquid changing with time in the FO process
  • concentration of the substance before and after the change in the salt concentration (MgCl 2 ) in the raw material liquid is shown.
  • TFC-type FO membrane for removal of heavy metal ions, preparing raw material liquids containing five heavy metal ions, Cu 2+ , Ni 2+ , Pb 2+ , Zn 2+ and Cd 2+ , five heavy metal ions in each raw material liquid The concentrations were 1.0 g/L, 2.0 g/L and 5.0 g/L, respectively.
  • the pH of the heavy metal ion wastewater was simulated at room temperature.
  • the heavy metal ion rejection R h (%) is defined as the percentage of heavy metal ions trapped in the raw material liquid by the TFC type FO membrane.
  • the rejection R h (%) is calculated as:
  • C d (g/L) is the concentration of heavy metal ions in the drawdown after the test
  • V d (L) is the volume after the draw test
  • V p (L) is the total volume of the permeate
  • C f ( g/L) is the concentration of heavy metals in the raw material liquid.
  • C d (g/L) and C f (g/L) were tested by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry.
  • the water flux of the TFC-type FO film increases first and then decreases with the increase of the PAMAM addition amount.
  • the PAMAM has an approximately spherical nano-molecular structure, which can increase the relative free volume of the PA selective layer. Excessive addition causes the relative free volume of the PA selective layer to be too large to increase the reverse salt flux, so that the osmotic pressure difference decreases and the water flux shows a decreasing trend.
  • AL-DS cortex toward the draw solution
  • AL-FS cortex toward the feed solution
  • the reverse salt flux of the M-2 membrane was similar to that of the M-0 membrane.
  • the M-5 film shows that the water flux is significantly reduced, and the reverse salt flux is significantly increased. Due to the large molecular size of the PAMAM, the denseness of the PA selective layer is low, and the selectivity of the membrane is lowered.
  • both the water flux and the reverse salt flux of the M-0 and M-2 membranes increase as the concentration of the extract increases.
  • the concentration of the pumping solution is 2M MgCl 2
  • the water flux of the M-2 membrane is 38.5 and 21.3 LMH, respectively
  • the water flux of the M-0 membrane is 21.3 and 13.5 LMH, respectively.
  • the reverse salt flux is basically the same.
  • the AL-DS has a higher water flux than the AL-FS mode, and the internal concentration polarization (ICP) phenomenon in the AL-FS mode is severe. The results show that the M-2 film has good FO properties.
  • the water flux of the M-2 membrane is approximately 35.2 and 18.5 LMH, respectively, while the water flux of the M-0 membrane is approximately 20.0 and 11.8, respectively.
  • LMH the water flux of the five heavy metal ions Ni 2+ , Cu 2+ , Pb 2+ , Zn 2+ and Cd 2+ in the M-2 membrane in the AL-FS mode.
  • the water flux of the M-2 membrane was increased by 50.0% and 54.2%, respectively, compared to the water flux of the M-0 membrane. Since the PAMAM approximately spherical nanostructures increase the relative free volume, hydrophilicity, and water molecular channels of the PA selective layer, the separation performance of the M-2 film is significantly improved.
  • the M-2 and M-0 films have similar rejection rates for the five heavy metal ions.
  • the heavy metal ion rejection rates of the two films are about 98.1% and 99.5%.
  • the concentration of the extract is 2M
  • the interception rate of the five heavy metal ions Ni 2+ , Cu 2+ , Pb 2+ , Zn 2+ and Cd 2+ in the AL-FS mode is 99.8%, respectively. 99.5%, 99.5%, 99.7% and 99.6%.
  • the results show that PAMAM can significantly improve the water flux and selectivity of the TFC-type FO membrane.
  • the PAMAM molecule Since the PAMAM molecule has a large nano-size and a large number of terminal amino groups, it can increase the relative free volume and hydrophilicity of the PA layer and reduce the passage of water molecules.
  • the resistance of the membrane increases the water flux, and the complexation of the free terminal amino group of PAMAM with the heavy metal ion in the PA selective layer promotes the retention of heavy metal ions.
  • TFC-type FO membrane A PAMAM-modified composite forward osmosis membrane (TFC-type FO membrane) was prepared by interfacial polymerization of PAMAM and m-phenylenediamine (MPD) mixed aqueous solution and trimesotrichloride (TMC) on a polysulfone-based membrane.
  • MPD m-phenylenediamine
  • TMC trimesotrichloride
  • the present invention adopts a polyamide-amine dendrimer (PAMAM) in-situ modification one-step method to prepare a polyamide forward osmosis membrane, and the preparation steps are simple and easy to control.
  • PAMAM polyamide-amine dendrimer
  • the high performance forward osmosis membrane prepared by the invention PAMAM can increase the relative free volume and hydrophilicity of the polyamide layer, thereby increasing the water flux of the forward osmosis membrane; at the same time, the free amine group on the PAMAM in the polyamide layer can adsorb.
  • Heavy metal ions increase the positive charge of the membrane to enhance the repulsion of heavy metal ions in water, and promote the removal of heavy metal ions from water by the positive osmosis membrane.

Abstract

L'invention concerne une membrane d'osmose directe haute performance, son procédé de préparation et son application, le procédé comprenant les étapes consistant à: à tremper la surface supérieure d'une membrane de base dans une solution aqueuse d'un mélange de dendrimères de polyamidoamine et de m-phénylènediamine pendant 2 à 5 minutes avant de retirer la membrane de base, et absorber la solution sur la surface de la membrane de base à l'aide de papier de filtrage pour sécher; continuer à tremper la surface supérieure de la membrane de base dans une solution de sym-trichlorobenzène pendant 1 à 3 minutes avant de verser la solution pour obtenir la membrane d'osmose directe.
PCT/CN2018/124701 2018-02-09 2018-12-28 Membrane d'osmose directe haute performance, son procédé de préparation et son application WO2019153946A1 (fr)

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CN108355497B (zh) * 2018-02-09 2019-12-03 深圳大学 一种高性能正渗透膜及其制备方法、应用
CN111013391B (zh) * 2019-11-28 2021-02-26 南京工业大学 一种改性纳滤膜及其制备方法
CN113041840B (zh) * 2019-12-27 2022-03-04 沃顿科技股份有限公司 纳滤膜的制备方法和由此制备的纳滤膜
CN111282456B (zh) * 2020-03-13 2021-10-26 深圳大学 一种高效截留重金属的正渗透膜及其制备方法、应用
CN111420561B (zh) * 2020-04-30 2022-04-22 万华化学集团股份有限公司 一种抗菌水软化纳滤膜的制备方法和由其制备的抗菌水软化纳滤膜

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