WO2019151314A1 - Dispositif d'affichage - Google Patents

Dispositif d'affichage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019151314A1
WO2019151314A1 PCT/JP2019/003142 JP2019003142W WO2019151314A1 WO 2019151314 A1 WO2019151314 A1 WO 2019151314A1 JP 2019003142 W JP2019003142 W JP 2019003142W WO 2019151314 A1 WO2019151314 A1 WO 2019151314A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
display
image
display device
projection
optical system
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2019/003142
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
橋村淳司
山田範秀
Original Assignee
コニカミノルタ株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by コニカミノルタ株式会社 filed Critical コニカミノルタ株式会社
Priority to JP2019569170A priority Critical patent/JPWO2019151314A1/ja
Publication of WO2019151314A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019151314A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K35/00—Instruments specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement of instruments in or on vehicles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a display device in which the projection position of a virtual image is variable.
  • a head-up display (hereinafter also referred to as HUD (Head-Up Display)) device including a projection optical system for projecting an image displayed on a display element and a display screen for displaying the image as a virtual image.
  • the HUD device can reduce the risk compared to conventional speedometers and other instrument panel displays because the driving driver can check the display without moving the line of sight or viewpoint.
  • the HUD device will be actively used as a display device for supporting the driver's safe driving. At that time, it is necessary to surely convey the danger information to be conveyed and the information to be noted to the driver. In order to convey information more reliably to the driver, for example, it is possible to recognize information such as danger on the target that the driver should be aware of in front of the driver without greatly shifting the line of sight or viewpoint from the target. Display is desired.
  • a virtual image is formed using a plurality of display panels having different arrangements in an optical system for forming a virtual image, thereby changing a display distance to the virtual image without providing a movable portion.
  • Patent Document 2 discloses a virtual image control method and a virtual image control device in a head-up display that uses a windshield of an automobile or the like as a combiner.
  • a concave mirror is used as a turning mirror, and a virtual image point of the concave mirror appears.
  • the focal length and the size of the appearing virtual image are controlled by moving the display within the range.
  • a display optical system that projects a formed display image to form a virtual image, and when changing the projection position of the virtual image by the display optical system, the display device is placed in the optical axis direction and a predetermined direction in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis direction.
  • a device drive unit that moves the device to at least one of the above.
  • FIG. 1A is a side sectional view showing a state in which the head-up display device, which is the display device of the first embodiment, is mounted on a vehicle body
  • FIG. 1B is a front view from the inside of the vehicle illustrating the head-up display device. is there.
  • It is an expansion side sectional view explaining the example of concrete composition of the projection optical system etc. which constitute the head up display device which is a display.
  • It is a side view explaining a device drive part.
  • 4A and 4B are a partially broken plan view and a partially broken side view for explaining the structure of the diffusion portion incorporating the intermediate screen.
  • 5A and 5B are partial cross-sectional views for explaining the setting of the reference axis of the rotating body, and FIG.
  • 5C is a diagram for explaining the movement of the functional area accompanying the rotation of the intermediate screen. It is a figure which illustrates concretely the change of the position of an intermediate image. It is a figure explaining the display zone and distance zone while showing the relationship between the position of an intermediate image, and projection distance. It is a block diagram explaining the whole structure of a head-up display apparatus. It is a perspective view explaining the concrete display state. 10A corresponds to FIG. 6, and FIGS. 10B to 10D correspond to the projected images or frame frames in FIG. It is a figure explaining the operation example of the head up display apparatus shown in FIG. It is a conceptual diagram explaining an example of the display switching in a display zone. It is a figure explaining the display apparatus or head-up display apparatus of 2nd Embodiment. It is a figure which illustrates concretely the change of the position of an intermediate image in a 2nd embodiment.
  • FIG. 1A and 1B are a conceptual side sectional view and a front view for explaining an image display device 100 in a head-up display device as a display device of an embodiment.
  • the image display device 100 is mounted, for example, in a car body 2 of an automobile, and includes a projection unit 10 and a display screen 20.
  • the image display device 100 displays image information displayed on a display device 11 (to be described later) in the projection unit 10 to a driver VD that is an observer via the display screen 20, and is also called a display device.
  • a display device 11 to be described later
  • the projection unit 10 is installed in the dashboard 4 of the vehicle body 2 so as to be embedded behind the display 50, and is display light that is image light corresponding to an image including driving-related information. DL is emitted toward the display screen 20.
  • the display screen 20 is also called a combiner, and is a concave mirror or a plane mirror having semi-transparency.
  • the display screen 20 is erected on the dashboard 4 with the lower end supported, and reflects the display light (image light) DL from the projection unit 10 toward the rear of the vehicle body 2. That is, in the illustrated case, the display screen 20 is an independent type that is installed separately from the front window 8.
  • the display light DL reflected by the display screen 20 is guided to the eye box EB corresponding to the pupil PU of the driver VD sitting on the driver's seat 6 and its peripheral position.
  • the driver VD can observe the display light DL reflected by the display screen 20, that is, the projection image IM as a virtual image in front of the vehicle body 2.
  • the driver VD can observe external light transmitted through the display screen 20, that is, a real image of a front scene, a car, and the like.
  • the driver VD as the observer includes related information such as driving related information formed by reflection of the display light DL on the display screen 20 so as to be superimposed on the external field image or the see-through image behind the display screen 20.
  • a projected image (virtual image) IM can be observed.
  • the display screen 20 is configured separately from the front window 8, the front window 8 is used as a display screen, projection is performed on the display range set in the front window 8, and the driver VD projects the projection image IM. It does not matter even if it is the composition which can observe.
  • the reflection area can be secured by changing the reflectance of a partial area of the glass of the front window 8 by a coat or the like. Further, if the reflection angle at the front window 8 is about 60 degrees, for example, the reflectivity is secured about 15%, and it can be used as a reflective surface having transparency even without providing a coat.
  • a display screen can be provided in a configuration sandwiched in the glass of the front window 8.
  • the projection unit 10 includes a display device 11, a main body optical system 13 that is a virtual image type magnification imaging system, and the display device 11 in the plane perpendicular to the optical axis AX direction and the optical axis AX direction.
  • the device drive unit 14 that moves in at least one of the predetermined directions, the display control unit 18 that controls the operation of the display device 11, the display device 11, the device drive unit 14, the main body optical system 13, the display control unit 18, and the like are stored.
  • Housing 12 the combination of the main body optical system 13 and the display screen 20 constitutes the display optical system 30.
  • the display device 11 is a display element having a two-dimensional display surface 11a.
  • the display device 11 is a light modulation type display device illuminated by a light source.
  • the image formed on the display surface 11 a of the display device (display element) 11 is magnified by the imaging optical system (first projection optical system) 15 and projected onto the spiral surface intermediate screen 19 provided in the diffusion unit 16.
  • the display device 11 capable of two-dimensional display switching of the projection image IM with respect to the intermediate screen 19, that is, switching of the projection image IM displayed as a virtual image through the display screen 20 can be performed at a relatively high speed.
  • the display device 11 is a reflective element that does not require a backlight and is small and can be controlled at high speed.
  • DMD Digital Mirror Device
  • LCOS Liquid crystal on silicon
  • the display device 11 When DMD or LCOS is used as the display device 11, not only can it move itself at high speed, but also it is easy to switch images at high speed while maintaining brightness (including high-speed intermittent display), and a virtual image. This is advantageous for displays that change the distance or the projection distance.
  • the display distance When the display distance is changed, the display device 11 operates at a frame rate of 30 fps or more, more preferably 60 fps or more with respect to each projection distance. This makes it possible to make it appear as if a plurality of projection images (virtual images) IM are simultaneously displayed on the driver (observer) VD at different projection distances.
  • DMD or LCOS is desirable as the display device 11.
  • the projected image IM can be a sign such as a frame surrounding the object in front of the eye.
  • the device driving unit 14 includes a first driving unit 14 a that moves the display device 11 in the optical axis AX direction or the Y direction, and an X direction in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis AX direction. And a third drive unit 14c for moving the display device 11 in the Z direction in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis AX direction.
  • the first to third drive units 14a, 14b, and 14c are actuators using piezo elements 14e, 14f, and 14g.
  • the device driving unit 14 is an actuator using the piezo elements 14e, 14f, and 14g, the amount of movement of the display device 11 can be controlled at high speed and relatively accurately, and the small image mechanism can be used while changing the virtual image position at high speed. The accuracy can be displayed.
  • the first drive unit 14a includes a guide for guiding the movement of the display device 11 in the optical axis AX direction in addition to the circuit associated with the piezo element 14e.
  • the second drive unit 14b includes a guide for guiding the movement of the display device 11 in the ⁇ X direction in addition to the circuit associated with the piezo element 14f.
  • the third drive unit 14c includes a guide for guiding the movement of the display device 11 in the ⁇ Z direction in addition to the circuit associated with the piezo element 14g.
  • the display device 11 can be moved in the direction of the optical axis AX by the first drive unit 14a, and the display state can be maintained corresponding to the change in the projection distance, as will be described later.
  • the display device 11 can be moved in the ⁇ X direction by the second drive unit 14b, and the viewing angle can be expanded in the horizontal X direction or the eye box size in the X direction can be increased as compared with the case where the display device 11 is not moved. It can be enlarged.
  • the display device 11 can be moved in the ⁇ Z direction by the third driving unit 14c. Compared to the case where the display device 11 is not moved, the viewing angle is expanded in the vertical Z direction, or the eyebox size in the Z direction is increased. It can be enlarged.
  • the main body optical system 13 converts the intermediate image TI into a virtual image
  • the imaging optical system 15 that is a first projection optical system that forms an intermediate image TI obtained by enlarging the image formed on the display device 11.
  • the imaging optical system 15 which is the first projection optical system does not particularly have a lens or a movable mechanism, but can also have a focusing position changing unit.
  • the in-focus position changing unit is a part that operates in accordance with a change in the projection distance by the display optical system 30.
  • the display control unit 18 Under the control of the display control unit 18, for example, only the display device 11 is driven to drive the intermediate screen 19.
  • the focus drive unit 15c is driven to suppress the focus blur and the like.
  • the diffusing unit 16 is disposed at a projection position or an imaging position by the imaging optical system (first projection optical system) 15 (that is, at or near the imaging position of the intermediate image), and the rotator 16a, the hollow frame 16b, and the like. And is driven by a rotation driving unit 64, which is a screen driving unit, and rotates around the reference axis SX at a constant speed, for example.
  • a rotation driving unit 64 which is a screen driving unit, and rotates around the reference axis SX at a constant speed, for example.
  • FIG. 4A is a front view illustrating the diffusing portion 16, and FIG. 4B is a side cross-sectional view illustrating the diffusing portion 16.
  • the diffusing unit 16 includes a spiral rotating body 16a having an outline close to a disk as a whole, and a cylindrical hollow frame body 16b that houses the rotating body 16a.
  • the rotating body 16a has a central portion 16c and an outer peripheral optical portion 16p.
  • One surface 16f formed on the outer peripheral optical part 16p of the rotating body 16a is formed as a smooth surface or an optical surface, and the intermediate screen 19 is formed over the entire surface on the surface 16f.
  • the surface 16f of the rotating body 16a functions as the three-dimensional shape portion 116.
  • the intermediate screen 19 is a diffusion plate whose light distribution angle is controlled to a desired angle, and has a diffusion degree (a diffusion angle of a half-value intensity of the diffusion distribution) of, for example, 20 ° or more.
  • the intermediate screen 19 can be a sheet attached to the rotating body 16a, but may be a fine uneven pattern formed on the surface of the rotating body 16a.
  • the intermediate screen 19 may be formed so as to be embedded in the rotating body 16a.
  • the intermediate screen 19 forms an intermediate image TI by diffusing the incident display light DL (see FIG. 2).
  • the other surface 16s formed on the outer peripheral optical part 16p of the rotating body 16a is formed on a smooth surface or an optical surface.
  • the rotating body 16a is a spiral member having optical transparency, and the pair of surfaces 16f and 16s are spiral surfaces having the reference axis SX as a spiral axis.
  • the intermediate screen 19 formed on one surface 16f is also formed along a continuous spiral surface.
  • the rotating body 16a has substantially the same thickness t with respect to the direction of the reference axis SX or the optical axis AX.
  • the intermediate screen 19 is formed in a range corresponding to one period of the spiral. That is, the intermediate screen 19 is formed in a range corresponding to one pitch of the spiral.
  • a stepped portion 16j is formed at one place along the periphery of the diffusing portion 16.
  • the step portion 16j has a connection surface 16k that connects the step between the spiral ends and is inclined with respect to a plane including the reference axis SX that rotates the diffusion portion 16.
  • a functional area FA through which the optical axis AX of the main body optical system 13 passes, and an intermediate image TI is formed by a portion of the intermediate screen 19 in the functional area FA.
  • This functional area FA moves at a constant speed on the rotating body 16a as the rotating body 16a rotates. That is, the display light (video light) DL is incident on the functional area FA which is a part of the rotating body 16a while rotating, so that the position of the functional area FA or the intermediate image TI reciprocates along the optical axis AX. (If the display of the display device 11 is not operating, an intermediate image as a display is not necessarily formed, but the position where the intermediate image will be formed is also called the position of the intermediate image).
  • the functional area FA or the intermediate image TI of the intermediate screen 19 is stepped in the optical axis AX direction by one rotation of the rotating body 16a. It makes one round trip for a distance corresponding to.
  • the first drive unit 14a operates in synchronization with the rotational position of the rotating body 16a, and moves the display device 11 in the optical axis AX direction or the Y direction according to the position of the functional area FA of the intermediate screen 19. .
  • the driving of the display device 11 in the optical axis AX direction by the first driving unit 14a constituting the device driving unit and the driving of the intermediate screen 19 in the optical axis AX direction are synchronized.
  • the positional relationship between the display device 11 and the intermediate screen 19 is kept optically conjugate. Thereby, it is possible to drive without causing a blur of the virtual image regardless of the projection distance.
  • the driving range of the display device 11 in the optical axis AX direction by the device driving unit 14 is within the range of the depth of focus in consideration of the movement of the intermediate image TI in the display optical system 30. In this case, for example, it is possible to display with the virtual image projection distance changed without reducing the virtual image blur regardless of the projection distance while reducing the driving amount of the intermediate screen 19.
  • the imaging optical system (first projection optical system) 15 has a predetermined depth of focus that is greater than or equal to the moving range of the functional area FA so as not to cause defocusing depending on the position of the intermediate screen 19. It is assumed that the imaging optical system 15 has a focusing function.
  • the hollow frame 16b has a cylindrical outer contour, and includes a side surface portion 16e and a pair of end surface portions 16g and 16h.
  • the side surface portion 16e and the pair of end surface portions 16g and 16h are formed of the same material having optical transparency. However, the side part 16e does not need to have a light transmittance.
  • the main surfaces 63a and 63b of one end surface portion 16g are smooth surfaces or optical surfaces parallel to each other, and the main surfaces 64a and 64b of the other end surface portion 16h are also smooth surfaces or optical surfaces parallel to each other. Yes.
  • the main surfaces 63a and 63b or the main surfaces 64a and 64b do not necessarily have to be parallel planes.
  • the rotating body 16a in the hollow frame body 16b is fixed to the hollow frame body 16b via a pair of central shaft portions 65, and the hollow frame body 16b and the rotating body 16a rotate integrally around the reference axis SX. To do.
  • the rotating body 16a provided with the intermediate screen 19 in the hollow frame body 16b, it is possible to suppress dust and the like from adhering to the rotating body 16a, and to generate sound accompanying the rotation of the rotating body 16a. Therefore, it is easy to stabilize the rotation of the rotating body 16a at a high speed.
  • the setting of the reference axis SX of the rotating body 16a (or the three-dimensional shape portion 116) will be described with reference to FIGS. 5A and 5B.
  • the reference axis SX of the rotator 16a is disposed slightly tilted in a non-parallel state with respect to the optical axis AX of the main body optical system 13.
  • the intermediate screen 19 on the rotator 16 a is arranged such that the local functional area FA is substantially orthogonal to the optical axis AX direction of the main body optical system 13. That is, as shown in FIG.
  • the reference axis SX when the rotator 16a is observed from a viewpoint away from the optical axis AX in the lateral direction with the functional area FA, the reference axis SX is inclined by a predetermined angle ⁇ with respect to the optical axis AX.
  • the reference axis SX when viewed from a viewpoint away from the rotating body 16a in a direction orthogonal to the case of FIG. 5A, the reference axis SX is set at a predetermined interval d with respect to the optical axis AX. It is in a state that is only separated.
  • the first position PO1 indicated by the alternate long and short dash line indicates a case where the functional area FA or the intermediate image TI is located on the most upstream side of the optical path.
  • the second position PO2 indicated by the alternate long and short dashed line indicates the functional area FA or The case where the intermediate image TI is located on the most downstream side of the optical path is shown.
  • the distance D between these positions PO1 and PO2 corresponds to the displacement amount of the functional area FA or the intermediate image TI in the optical axis AX direction.
  • the intermediate screen 19 (or the three-dimensional shape portion 116) of the rotating body 16 a is made light by rotating the diffusion portion 16 around the reference axis SX at a constant speed by the rotation driving portion 64 that is a screen driving portion.
  • a position intersecting the axis AX (that is, the functional area FA) also moves in the direction of the optical axis AX. That is, as shown in FIG. 5C, with the rotation of the rotating body 16a, the functional area FA on the intermediate screen 19 is sequentially shifted to the adjacent functional area FA ′ set at a position shifted at an equal angle, for example. Move in the direction of the optical axis AX.
  • the position of the intermediate image TI can also be moved in the optical axis AX direction.
  • the position of the intermediate image TI can be moved to the display device (display element) 11 side.
  • the projection distance or the virtual image distance to the projection image IM can be increased.
  • the position of the intermediate image TI toward the virtual image forming optical system 17 the projection distance or virtual image distance to the projection image IM can be reduced.
  • the virtual image forming optical system (second projection optical system) 17 enlarges the intermediate image TI formed by the imaging optical system (first projection optical system) 15 in cooperation with the display screen 20, and is a driver who is an observer.
  • a projection image IM as a virtual image is formed in front of VD.
  • the virtual image forming optical system 17 includes at least one mirror, but in the illustrated example, includes two mirrors 17a and 17b.
  • the virtual image forming optical system (second projection optical system) 17 can have an optical characteristic that corrects the curvature of the intermediate screen 19 in the functional area FA of the rotating body 16a (that is, the curvature of field of the intermediate image TI).
  • the diffusion unit 16 rotates around the reference axis SX and corresponds to the functional area FA.
  • the position of TI repeatedly moves periodically in the direction of the optical axis AX, and the distance between the projected image IM as a virtual image formed behind the display screen 20 by the virtual image forming optical system 17 and the driver VD as an observer is increased. Or it can be made smaller. In this manner, the position of the projected image IM to be projected is changed back and forth, and the display device 11 is moved in synchronization with the arrangement of the intermediate image TI in synchronization with the optical axis AX direction under the control of the display control unit 18.
  • the display content of the projection image IM is changed while changing the projection distance to the projection image IM or the virtual image distance by making the display content on the display device (display element) 11 according to the position.
  • the projection image IM as a series of projection images can be made three-dimensional. Even if the functional area FA moves in the direction of the optical axis AX, the curved state of the intermediate screen 19 in the functional area FA is maintained, so the virtual image forming optical system (second projection optical system) regardless of the position of the projection image IM. ) The effect of correction by 17 is maintained.
  • the rotational speed of the diffusing unit 16 or the rotating body 16a or the moving speed of the functional area FA is as if the projection images IM as virtual images are simultaneously displayed at a plurality of locations or a plurality of projection distances in the depth direction as will be described in detail later. It is desirable that the speed be able to show.
  • the projection image IM of each distance zone is switched at 30 fps or more, preferably 60 fps or more, a plurality of displayed images are visually recognized as continuous images.
  • the projection image IM is sequentially projected in five steps from a short distance to a long distance in accordance with the operation of the diffusing unit 16
  • each distance for example, short distance
  • the display of the projection image IM is switched at 40 fps, and the projection images IM of the respective distance zones are performed in parallel and the switching is recognized as being substantially continuous.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram specifically illustrating a change in the position of the intermediate image TI accompanying the rotation of the diffusion unit 16.
  • the functional area FA of the diffusing unit 16 is periodically moved in a sawtooth time-dependent pattern PA along the optical axis AX direction, and the display device (display element) 11 continuously displays the position of the intermediate image TI.
  • the display device display element 11 continuously displays the position of the intermediate image TI.
  • it periodically and periodically moves in a sawtooth shaped temporal pattern PA along the optical axis AX direction. That is, the position of the intermediate image TI changes continuously and periodically with the rotation of the diffusing unit 16 while being discontinuous at the portion corresponding to the stepped portion 16j.
  • the position of the projected image (virtual image) IM is also different in scale, but like the position of the intermediate image TI, it repeatedly moves periodically along the optical axis AX direction, and the projection distance is continuous. Can be changed.
  • the display device 11 since the display device 11 does not perform continuous display but performs intermittent display while switching display contents, the display position of the intermediate image TI is also discrete on the sawtooth temporal pattern PA. It becomes a position.
  • the display position Pn closest to the near distance side or the virtual image forming optical system 17 and the display position Pf closest to the far distance side or the anti-virtual image forming optical system 17 ensure a margin
  • the temporal pattern PA It is set at a position away from the both ends by a predetermined amount.
  • the break PD of the temporal pattern PA corresponds to the stepped portion 16j provided on the rotating body 16a of the diffusing portion 16.
  • the displayed distance in the depth direction changes by changing the position of the intermediate image TI within the displayed time as shown in FIG.
  • the display distance that can be seen by the observer (driver VD) in such a display zone in which the distance in the depth direction changes is approximately the average position of the distance in the depth direction that changes within the display time.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the relationship between the position of the intermediate image TI and the projection distance or the relationship between the position of the intermediate image TI and the display zone.
  • the display unit having a depth is set as a display zone, and the time of the one cycle is displayed in each display zone. If the time is shorter than the product of the number n, the display zone extends over a plurality of distance zones, and at least the adjacent display zones overlap in the projection distance range (see display zones DZ1 to DZn in FIG. 7). By performing the overlapping display with respect to the projection distance in this way, it is possible to display the same projected image (virtual image) IM with a spread in the depth direction, and in each display zone as compared with a display that does not overlap. The display time can be extended, and the brightness of the projected image (virtual image) IM is improved.
  • n display zones can be set along the characteristic C1.
  • the shortest display zone is called a first display zone DZ1
  • the farthest display zone is called an nth display zone DZn (n is a natural number).
  • the distance width of display increases as the distance increases from the short distance.
  • Adjacent display zones among the plurality of display zones DZ1 to DZn have overlapping projection distances, and each display zone includes ones that should originally have different projection distances. That is, the projection distances of the kth display zone DZk (k is a natural number smaller than n) and the (k + 1) th display zone DZk + 1 partially overlap.
  • the second display zone DZ2 and the third display zone DZ3 are projected distances. Are partially overlapping.
  • the k-th display zone DZk also displays an image displayed in the display zone set before, after, or before and after the original display image of the projection distance of the display target to be displayed there. It is a composite projection image.
  • a display in a state where the images corresponding to the distance zones or sub-zones LZk ⁇ 2 to LZk + 1 for the four sections in the whole or a certain period of time while the kth display zone DZk is displayed is overlapped. Has been.
  • the display time of the image displayed in each of the display zones DZ1 to DZn is shifted between the adjacent display zones DZ1 to DZn at the pitch ⁇ of the display time.
  • the distance between both ends of the near side and the far side varies, and the average distance also varies. Since the human eye or brain captures the display image at the average distance of the display zones DZ1 to DZn, even when visual display is simultaneously performed, the display distances of the display zones DZ1 to DZn are displayed as different positions. Can be in a state of being.
  • the display zone DZk is configured by a combination of a series of a plurality of subzones LZk ⁇ 2 to LZk + 1 whose distance changes stepwise.
  • the local image to be projected on the distance zone corresponding to the one reference subzone LZk of interest is repeatedly displayed on the four display zones DZk-2 to DZk + 1.
  • the local image to be obtained has a uniformly improved luminance.
  • IMs are displayed in a superimposed manner so that the position and angle size match.
  • the projection image (virtual image) IM in which the projection distance changes can be displayed in a state where there is no deviation or blurring.
  • the average display distance at this time is a distance corresponding to the reference subzone LZk.
  • the display zones DZ1 to DZn are shown to extend in the horizontal direction. However, when the vertical axis is the position of the intermediate image TI, the display zones DZ1 to DZn have characteristics. It extends along C1.
  • the display times in the first display zone DZ1 to the nth display zone DZn are all equal.
  • the display brightness of the composite projection image IM by each of the display zones DZ1 to DZn can be matched, and it is an observer. It is possible to prevent the driver VD from unintentionally tending to focus on an image at a specific distance.
  • a pair of display objects are images that are displayed in a semi-transparent superimposed manner, and in a difference area or an independent area where a pair of display objects do not overlap,
  • the standard display is sufficient.
  • the viewpoint of the driver VD does not move in the eye box EB (see FIG. 1).
  • the viewpoint of the driver VD moves in the eye box EB
  • the above operation is performed in parallel.
  • the second and third drive units 14b and 14c can be operated under the control of the display control unit 18, and the display device 11 can be displaced to a position corresponding to the viewpoint of the driver VD.
  • the viewpoint position of the driver VD is monitored by an apparatus to be described later, and when the viewpoint position of the driver VD moves laterally from the center of the eye box EB and is displaced in the ⁇ X direction, the second driving unit 14b.
  • the display device 11 is appropriately moved in the ⁇ X direction from the reference position so that the projected image (virtual image) IM of the display device 11 approaches the front of the viewpoint position of the driver VD.
  • the viewpoint position of the driver VD moves in the vertical direction from the center of the eye box EB and is displaced in the ⁇ Z direction
  • the second drive unit 14b is operated, and the projected image (virtual image) IM of the display device 11 becomes the driver VD.
  • the display device 11 is appropriately moved in the ⁇ Z direction from the reference position so as to approach the front of the viewpoint position.
  • the display content of the display device 11 is the movement of the display device 11 so that the projection image (virtual image) IM viewed from the driver VD does not move as the display device 11 moves in the ⁇ X direction or ⁇ Z direction. Corresponding shift, magnification change, distortion correction, and the like are given, and the consistency of the projection image (virtual image) IM viewed from the driver VD is maintained.
  • Image processing for changing the display content of the display device 11 is performed by, for example, the display control unit 18.
  • an apparently large display device is used by moving the display device 11 in two directions perpendicular to the optical axis AX by operating the device driving unit 14 according to the viewpoint position of the driver VD. Since the display device 11 is moved according to the viewpoint position, the viewing angle and the eye box EB can be expanded with a small device.
  • FIG. 8 is a conceptual block diagram for explaining the overall structure of the head-up display device 200.
  • the head-up display device 200 includes the image display device 100 as a part thereof.
  • the image display device 100 has the structure shown in FIG. 2, and a description thereof is omitted here.
  • the head-up display device 200 includes a driver detection unit 71, an environment monitoring unit 72, and a main control unit 90 in addition to the image display device 100.
  • the driver detection unit 71 is a viewpoint detection unit that detects the presence of the driver VD and its viewpoint position, and includes a driver seat camera 71a, a driver seat image processing unit 71b, and a determination unit 71c.
  • the driver's seat camera 71a is installed in front of the driver's seat of the dashboard 4 in the vehicle body 2 (see FIG. 1B), and takes images of the head of the driver VD and its surroundings.
  • the driver seat image processing unit 71b performs various types of image processing such as brightness correction on the image captured by the driver seat camera 71a to facilitate processing in the determination unit 71c.
  • the determination unit 71c detects the head and eyes of the driver VD by extracting or cutting out an object from the driver seat image that has passed through the driver seat image processing unit 71b, and detects the vehicle body 2 from the depth information attached to the driver seat image.
  • the spatial position of the eyes of the driver VD (resulting in the direction of the line of sight) is calculated along with the presence or absence of the head of the driver VD.
  • the environment monitoring unit 72 is an object detection unit that detects an object existing in the detection area, and identifies a moving body or person existing in the vicinity of the front, specifically, a car, a bicycle, a pedestrian, or the like as an object. And a three-dimensional measuring device for extracting three-dimensional position information of the object.
  • the environment monitoring unit (object detection unit) 72 includes an external camera 72a, an external image processing unit 72b, and a determination unit 72c as a three-dimensional measuring instrument.
  • the external camera 72a can capture an external image in the visible or infrared region.
  • the external camera 72a is installed at appropriate positions inside and outside the vehicle body 2, and captures a driver VD or a detection area VF in front of the front window 8 (see FIG.
  • the external image processing unit 72b performs various types of image processing such as brightness correction on the external image captured by the external camera 72a to facilitate processing by the determination unit 72c.
  • the determination unit 72c extracts or cuts out an object image from the external image that has passed through the external image processing unit 72b, thereby identifying an object such as an automobile, a bicycle, or a pedestrian (specifically, an object OB1, FIG. OB2 and OB3) is detected, and the spatial position of the object in front of the vehicle body 2 is calculated from the depth information attached to the external image and stored in the storage unit as three-dimensional position information.
  • Software that enables extraction of an object image from an external image is stored in the storage unit of the determination unit 72c.
  • the determination unit 72c can detect what is an element corresponding to the object element from the shape, size, color, and the like of each object element in the obtained image.
  • the criteria for determination include a method of detecting what an object is based on the degree of matching by performing pattern matching with information registered in advance. Further, from the viewpoint of increasing the processing speed, it is also possible to detect a lane from an image and detect an object from the shape, size, color, etc. of the target or object element in the lane.
  • the external camera 72a is a compound eye type three-dimensional camera, for example, although not shown. That is, the external camera 72a is a camera element in which an imaging lens and a CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Semiconductor) or other imaging device are arranged in a matrix, and a driving circuit for the imaging device. Respectively.
  • the plurality of camera elements constituting the external camera 72a can detect relative parallax, for example, and by analyzing the state of the image (focus state, object position, etc.) obtained from the camera element, The target distance to each area or object in the image corresponding to the detection area can be determined.
  • a combination of a two-dimensional camera and an infrared distance sensor may be used in the depth direction with respect to each part (area or object) in the captured screen.
  • a target distance that is distance information can be obtained.
  • a target distance that is distance information in the depth direction can be obtained for each part (region or object) in the captured screen.
  • a target distance that is distance information in the depth direction can be obtained for each part (region or object) in the captured screen by performing imaging while changing the focal length at high speed. it can.
  • distance information in the depth direction can be obtained for each part (region or object) in the detection region by using LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) technology.
  • LIDAR Light Detection and Ranging
  • the scattered light for pulsed laser irradiation can be measured, the distance to the object at a long distance and the spread can be measured, and the distance information to the object in the field of view and the information about the spread of the object can be acquired.
  • the detection accuracy of objects can be improved by a complex method that combines radar sensing technology such as LIDAR technology with technology that detects the distance of an object from image information, that is, a method that fuses multiple sensors. Can do.
  • the operation speed of the camera 72a for detecting the object needs to be equal to or higher than the operation speed of the display device (display element) 11 from the viewpoint of speeding up the input.
  • the display switching speed of the display zones DZ1 to DZn or the display zones DZ1 to DZ1 When the display period of one cycle of DZn is, for example, 30 fps or more, it is desirable to make it faster than this.
  • the camera 72a is preferably capable of detecting an object at a high speed by a high-speed operation such as 480 fps or 1000 fps, for example, at a speed higher than 120 fps.
  • a method may be used in which sensing accuracy is increased by using data detected by a high-speed sensor as a base and supplementing with data from a non-high-speed sensor.
  • the display control unit 18 operates the display device 11 and the display optical system 30 under the control of the main control unit 90 to display a three-dimensional projection image IM whose virtual image distance or projection distance changes behind the display screen 20.
  • the main control unit 90 has a role of harmonizing the operations of the image display device 100, the environment monitoring unit 72, and the like.
  • the main control unit 90 operates the rotation drive unit 64 and the device drive unit 14 that are screen drive units via the display control unit 18, for example, thereby periodically changing the projection distance of the virtual image that is the projection image IM by the display optical system 30. Change. That is, the main control unit 90 or the like periodically changes the projection position in the depth direction of the virtual image that is the projection image IM. Further, the main control unit 90 spatially applies the frame frame HW (see FIG. 9) projected by the display device 11 and the display optical system 30 so as to correspond to the spatial position of the object detected by the environment monitoring unit 72. Adjust the placement.
  • the main control unit 90 generates image data corresponding to the projection image IM to be formed by the display device 11 and the display optical system 30 from the display information including the display shape and display distance received from the environment monitoring unit 72.
  • the display content of the projection image IM is synchronized with the operation of the rotation drive unit 64, that is, synchronized with the movement of the intermediate image TI.
  • the projection image IM is, for example, a sign such as a frame frame HW (see FIG. 9) located in the periphery with respect to the depth position direction of a car, a bicycle, a pedestrian, or other object existing behind the display screen 20. be able to.
  • the frame HW is shown in a state having no depth for convenience of explanation, but has a certain depth width.
  • the main control unit 90 functions as an image adding unit in cooperation with the display control unit 18, and detects the detected object at a timing at which the target distance to the detected object substantially coincides with the projection distance.
  • a related information image is added as a virtual image via the display device 11 and the display optical system 30.
  • the main control unit 90 cooperates with the display control unit 18 to operate the device driving unit 14 in accordance with the viewpoint position obtained by the driver detection unit 71 that is the viewpoint detection unit, and to move the display device 11 to the optical axis. It functions as a control unit that moves in two directions perpendicular to AX, and has a role of dynamically expanding a viewing angle and an eye box EB.
  • the front of the driver VD as an observer is a detection region VF corresponding to the observation visual field.
  • objects OB1 and OB3 of a person such as a pedestrian and a moving object OB2 such as an automobile exist in the detection area VF, that is, in and around the road.
  • the main control unit 90 projects a three-dimensional projection image (virtual image) IM by the image display device 100, and the frame frames HW1, HW2, HW3 as related information images for the objects OB1, OB2, OB3. Is added.
  • the projection distances from the driver VD to the projection images IM1, IM2, and IM3 for displaying the frame frames HW1, HW2, and HW3 are different from the driver VD. This corresponds to the distance to OB2 and OB3.
  • the projection distances of the projection images IM1, IM2, and IM3 are formed in display zones DZa to DZc corresponding to a part of the display zones DZ1 to DZn shown in FIG. 7, and the depths corresponding to the display zones DZa to DZc.
  • the projection distance of the projection image IM1 has a depth width corresponding to the projection distance of the projection image IM1 'in FIG.
  • the centers of the respective projection distances, that is, the projection distances of the projection images IM1, IM2, IM3 are discrete, and cannot always be accurately matched to the actual distances to the objects OB1, OB2, OB3.
  • the driver detection unit 71, the device driving unit 14, the display control unit 18 and the like are used to shift the display device 11 itself or the display content of the display device 11 according to the viewpoint of the driver VD. Thus, it is possible to display such that no parallax occurs from the beginning.
  • FIGS. 10A to 10D corresponds to the projection image IM1 or the frame HW1 in FIG.
  • the projection image IM1 is obtained when the functional area FA or the intermediate image TI of the rotating body 16a (or the three-dimensional shape portion 116) is within a predetermined distance range centered on the display position P1.
  • the projection image IM2 is a series of displays formed on the display surface 11a of the display device 11 when the functional area FA of the rotating body 16a (or the three-dimensional shape portion 116) is within a distance range centered on the display position P2.
  • the projection image IM3 is formed on the display surface 11a of the display device 11 when the functional area FA of the rotating body 16a (or the three-dimensional shape portion 116) is within a predetermined distance range centered on the display position P3.
  • a series of displayed images corresponds to a series of displayed images.
  • the projection image IM1 or the frame frame HW1 corresponding to the display position P1 is displayed first, and then the projection image IM2 or the frame frame HW2 corresponding to the display position P2 is displayed. After that, the projection image IM3 or the frame frame HW3 corresponding to the display position P3 is displayed. If the above one period is visually short, the switching of the projection images IM1, IM2, and IM3 becomes very fast, and the driver VD as an observer observes the frame frames HW1, HW2, and HW3 simultaneously as images with depth. Recognize that
  • FIG. 11 is a conceptual diagram for explaining the operation of the main control unit 90.
  • the main control unit 90 detects the objects OB1, OB2, and OB3 using the environment monitoring unit 72
  • the main control unit 90 generates display data corresponding to the frame frames HW1, HW2, and HW3 corresponding to the objects OB1, OB2, and OB3.
  • it is stored in a storage unit (not shown) (step S11).
  • the main control unit 90 performs data conversion such that the display data obtained in step S11 is distributed to the corresponding display zones DZ1 to DZn (step S12).
  • the corresponding frame frames HW1, HW2, and HW3 are set to any one of the display zones DZ1 to DZn (display zones DZa to DZc in the example of FIG. 9) according to the positions of the objects OB1, OB2, and OB3. assign.
  • the main control unit 90 processes the display data corresponding to the frame frames HW1, HW2, and HW3 so as to match the assigned display zones DZ1 to DZn, and stores them in a storage unit (not shown) (step S13).
  • This adaptation includes image processing such as correcting the outline and arrangement of the frame image for each distance zone (subzones LZk ⁇ 2 to LZk + 1).
  • the main control unit 90 synthesizes the display data adapted in step S13 with the existing data (step S14).
  • the display by the display zones DZ1 to DZn is performed in parallel at the same time although there is a time difference, and a display that leaves an afterimage for a short time is performed. Therefore, when new objects OB1, OB2, and OB3 appear, This is because it is necessary to reorganize the display contents so that the object and the new object coexist.
  • the main control unit 90 outputs the display data obtained in step S14 to the display control unit 18 in synchronization with the operation of the rotation driving unit 64, and displays the functional area of the rotating body 16a on the display device (display element) 11. A display operation corresponding to FA is performed (step S15).
  • the display control unit 18 operates the device driving unit 14 according to the viewpoint position obtained from the main control unit 90 to move the display device 11 in two directions perpendicular to the optical axis AX and display the display device 11.
  • the projected image (virtual image) IM is adapted to the viewpoint of the driver (observer) VD by image processing such as shifting the contents.
  • the display control unit 18 uses the device driving unit 14 to move the position of the display device 11 in the optical axis AX direction so as to match the position of the functional area FA or the intermediate image TI, and the focus driving unit 15c. Is used to maintain the focus state of the imaging optical system 15 appropriately.
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the display device (display element) 11.
  • the first to nth display areas arranged in the vertical direction correspond to the first to nth display zones DZ1 to DZn shown in FIG.
  • the first on the display surface 11a of the display device (display element) 11 corresponding to the first to nth display zones DZ1 to DZn.
  • the display in the display area to the nth display area is repeated.
  • the signals F1 to F4 mean that the same display image is repeated in four subzones, and each of the signals F1 to F4 includes R, G, and B signal components for color display. ing.
  • the signals F1 to F4 have a time width corresponding to the display time of the projection image IM.
  • the device driving unit 14 moves the display device 11 in the predetermined direction within the optical axis AX direction and the plane perpendicular to the optical axis AX direction. Therefore, even if the projection position of the projection image (virtual image) IM is changed by the display optical system 30, the projection image (virtual image) can be changed. ) It becomes easy to maintain the image quality of IM. Further, by adopting a configuration using a small and lightweight display device 11 such as DMD or LCOS, the display device 11 can be moved or driven at high speed. For example, the display device 11 can be moved at high speed in the optical axis AX direction. Is possible.
  • the observer can observe a 3D virtual image display.
  • 3D display is performed while performing display that is desired to be displayed almost simultaneously at a plurality of distances of the target object. It becomes possible to show the viewer, and it is possible to alert the observer more naturally and surely.
  • the display device according to the second embodiment will be described below. Note that the display device of the second embodiment is a modification of the display device of the first embodiment, and items that are not particularly described are the same as those of the first embodiment.
  • an intermediate screen 19 is disposed at the projection position or the imaging position of the imaging optical system 15.
  • the intermediate screen 19 is an optical element that is formed along a flat surface and moves in the direction of the optical axis AX.
  • the intermediate screen 19 is a diffusion plate whose light distribution angle is controlled to a desired angle.
  • a ground glass, a lens diffusion plate, a microlens array, or the like is used. In this case, the effective area of the intermediate screen 19 becomes the functional area of the intermediate screen 19.
  • the main control unit 90 and the display control unit 18 as the control unit periodically shift the position of the intermediate screen 19 via the reciprocating drive unit 264 which is a screen drive unit, thereby changing the position of the intermediate image TI in FIG.
  • the image formed on the display device 11 is assumed to correspond to the projection distance while periodically reciprocating to periodically change the projection distance as shown in FIG. Specifically, the projection distance is periodically changed by reciprocating the intermediate screen 19 in the direction of the optical axis AX by the guide portion 264a and the actuator 264b constituting the reciprocating drive portion 264.
  • the display zones DZ1 to DZn shown in FIG. 14 When the position of the intermediate image TI is set to the triangular waveform temporal pattern PA shown in FIG. 14 or when it is periodically reciprocated by a sine curve (not shown), the display zones DZ1 to DZn shown in FIG. Then, the display zones DZ1 to DZn are changed so as to be sequentially switched from a long distance to a short distance, and then the same cycle is repeated.
  • the display zones DZ1 to DZn are different from those shown in FIG. 7, and the display time is also adjusted accordingly.
  • the display device according to the present invention is not limited to the above.
  • the first drive unit 14a of the device drive unit 14 can be used, and the second and third drive units 14b and 14c can be omitted.
  • the display device 11 is moved only in the optical axis AX direction.
  • the second and third drive units 14b and 14c of the device drive unit 14 are used, and the first drive unit 14a can be omitted.
  • the display device 11 is moved in the X direction or the Z direction in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis AX.
  • the display device 11 is made to light according to the viewpoint position of the driver VD. It can be moved in the X direction or the horizontal direction perpendicular to the axis AX.
  • the display screen 20 can also be arranged in the upper part of the front window 8 or the sun visor position by inverting the arrangement of the image display device 100 in this case.
  • a display screen 20 is arranged on the screen. Further, the display screen 20 may be disposed at a position corresponding to a conventional mirror of an automobile.
  • the intermediate screen 19 or the functional area FA is arranged so as to be substantially orthogonal to the optical axis AX direction of the main body optical system 13, but the functional area FA can be forcibly inclined with respect to the optical axis AX. .
  • a projection image IM having no inclination or a predetermined inclination can be projected by combination with the virtual image forming optical system 17.
  • the first to nth display zones DZ1 to DZn described above do not have to be continuous over the entire range of the projection distance, and are separated at a portion corresponding to the boundary of the distance zone (subzones LZ1 to LZn). It may be discontinuous.
  • the display zones DZ1 to DZn are not limited to the same number of subzones, and a different number of subzones can be included for each of the display zones DZ1 to DZn.
  • one intermediate screen 19 is provided in the diffusing unit 16, but two or more intermediate screens 19 may be provided.
  • the intermediate screen 19 is divided and formed in a range corresponding to a spiral 1/2 pitch, 1/3 pitch, or the like.
  • the three-dimensionally shaped portion 116 of the intermediate screen 19 does not need to have a spiral shape over the entire circumference, and has a shape in which a part of the entire circumference is a spiral, or a rotating body structure that can reciprocate without a step. Is also possible.
  • the hollow frame 16b is not essential, and only the rotating body 16a can be used. Also in this case, since the inclined connection surface 16k is formed in the step portion 16j, it is possible to suppress the generation of sound accompanying the rotation of the rotating body 16a and to stabilize the rotation of the rotating body 16a.
  • the outline of the display screen 20 is not limited to a rectangle, but may be various shapes.
  • the imaging optical system 15 and the virtual image forming optical system 17 shown in FIG. 2 are merely examples, and the optical configurations of the imaging optical system 15 and the virtual image forming optical system 17 can be changed as appropriate.
  • the object OB existing in front of the vehicle body 2 is detected by the environment monitoring unit 72, and related information images such as the frame frames HW1, HW2, and HW3 corresponding to the arrangement of the object OB are displayed on the image display device 100.
  • incidental driving-related information can be acquired using the communication network, and such driving-related information can be displayed on the image display device 100.
  • a display that warns of a car, an obstacle, etc. existing in a blind spot is also possible.
  • the virtual image is projected through the intermediate screen 19, but the image formed on the display device 11 can be directly projected without using the intermediate screen 19.
  • the display device of the present invention can be applied not only to a head-up display device (HUD) mounted on a moving body such as a car but also to a head mount device, a wearable display device, and the like that perform three-dimensional display.
  • HUD head-up display device

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Abstract

L'objectif de la présente invention est de fournir un dispositif d'affichage qui rend possible une commande d'affichage à grande vitesse, tout en augmentant également le degré de liberté d'affichage, en élargissant une plage d'affichage d'une image virtuelle en termes de distance de projection ou de direction d'affichage. Ce dispositif d'affichage, en l'occurrence un dispositif d'affichage tête haute (200), comprend : un dispositif d'affichage (11) qui comporte un élément d'affichage réfléchissant qui correspond à une matrice à micro-miroirs ou à des cristaux liquides sur silicium, et forme une image d'affichage ; un système optique d'affichage (30) permettant de projeter l'image d'affichage formée par le dispositif d'affichage (11) afin de former une image de projection (image virtuelle) IM ; et une unité de commande de dispositif (14) permettant d'amener le dispositif d'affichage (11) à se déplacer dans la direction de l'axe optique AX et/ou dans une direction prédéterminée dans un plan perpendiculaire à la direction de l'axe optique AX lorsque l'emplacement de projection de l'image de projection (image virtuelle) provenant du système optique d'affichage (30) doit être modifié.
PCT/JP2019/003142 2018-01-31 2019-01-30 Dispositif d'affichage WO2019151314A1 (fr)

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