WO2019177113A1 - Système optique d'affichage d'image virtuelle et dispositif d'affichage - Google Patents

Système optique d'affichage d'image virtuelle et dispositif d'affichage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019177113A1
WO2019177113A1 PCT/JP2019/010621 JP2019010621W WO2019177113A1 WO 2019177113 A1 WO2019177113 A1 WO 2019177113A1 JP 2019010621 W JP2019010621 W JP 2019010621W WO 2019177113 A1 WO2019177113 A1 WO 2019177113A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
optical system
display
virtual image
image
intermediate screen
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PCT/JP2019/010621
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
中村健太郎
山田範秀
橋村淳司
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コニカミノルタ株式会社
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Priority to JP2020506654A priority Critical patent/JPWO2019177113A1/ja
Publication of WO2019177113A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019177113A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K35/00—Instruments specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement of instruments in or on vehicles
    • B60K35/20—Output arrangements, i.e. from vehicle to user, associated with vehicle functions or specially adapted therefor
    • B60K35/21—Output arrangements, i.e. from vehicle to user, associated with vehicle functions or specially adapted therefor using visual output, e.g. blinking lights or matrix displays
    • B60K35/22—Display screens
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K35/00—Instruments specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement of instruments in or on vehicles
    • B60K35/20—Output arrangements, i.e. from vehicle to user, associated with vehicle functions or specially adapted therefor
    • B60K35/21—Output arrangements, i.e. from vehicle to user, associated with vehicle functions or specially adapted therefor using visual output, e.g. blinking lights or matrix displays
    • B60K35/23—Head-up displays [HUD]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a virtual image display optical system ensuring image display performance and a display device having the virtual image display optical system.
  • a conventional head-up display (HUD) device mounted on a vehicle generates a virtual image at a certain distance from the driver.
  • the HUD device can support safer driving by minimizing the movement of the driver's line of sight and focus.
  • it is desirable to form an intermediate image in the optical system of the HUD device so that the virtual image distance can be changed during high-speed driving and low-speed driving, and in a very bright environment such as sunny weather.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a technique of performing elliptical diffusion in which the characteristics of a diffusing surface are adjusted according to the aspect ratio of a virtual image and the degree of diffusion is adjusted.
  • the aspect ratio of the eyebox has a greater effect on the brightness of the virtual image than the aspect ratio of the virtual image. That is, in the virtual image display optical system, a suitable spread angle of the image light on the intermediate screen is an aspect ratio of a normal eyebox according to the optical principle. For this reason, in a HUD device in which a horizontally long eyebox is set except for special applications, for example, when the aspect ratio of a virtual image is the same, if a diffusion plate having an isotropic diffusion characteristic is used, A large amount of light loss occurs in the vertical direction, and as a result, the display brightness and visibility of the virtual image are lowered.
  • a virtual image display optical system reflecting one aspect of the present invention displays an image formed by a display device by projecting a virtual image on an eye box.
  • An intermediate screen disposed in the vicinity of the intermediate image formation position, a projection optical system disposed closer to the display device than the intermediate screen, and a virtual image generating optical system disposed closer to the display screen than the intermediate screen.
  • the intermediate screen has a diffusing surface, and a first direction on the diffusing surface corresponding to the lateral direction of the eyebox, and a second direction on the diffusing surface corresponding to the longitudinal direction of the eyebox substantially orthogonal thereto.
  • the degree of diffusivity differs, and the size relationship between the vertical and horizontal sizes of the eyebox matches the size relationship between the diffusivity in the first direction and the diffusivity in the second direction.
  • a display device reflecting one aspect of the present invention includes the virtual image projection optical system described above.
  • FIG. 1A is a side cross-sectional view showing a state in which the display device of the first embodiment is mounted on a vehicle body
  • FIG. 1B is a front view from the vehicle inner side explaining the display device.
  • FIG. 11 is an enlarged side cross-sectional view illustrating a specific configuration example of a display device.
  • 3A is a diagram for explaining the size of the eye box
  • FIG. 3B is a diagram for explaining the diffusion angle or the degree of diffusion by the intermediate screen
  • FIG. 3C is a diagram for explaining the size of the display device.
  • 4A and 4B are diagrams illustrating a specific example of light rays emitted from the intermediate screen. It is a conceptual block diagram explaining the display system for moving bodies containing the display apparatus shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 7A and 7B are a partially broken plan view and a partially broken side view for explaining an intermediate screen or a diffusing unit incorporated in the virtual image display optical system of the second embodiment, and FIG. 7C is accompanied by rotation of the intermediate screen. It is a conceptual diagram explaining the movement of a functional area.
  • 8A and 8B are a plan view and a side cross-sectional view illustrating an intermediate screen or a diffusion unit incorporated in the virtual image display optical system of the third embodiment.
  • a display device (image display device) 100 is mounted in a vehicle body 2 as a head-up display (HUD) device, for example, and includes a drawing unit. 10 and a display screen 20.
  • the display device 100 displays a virtual image of image information displayed on an image forming element 11 (described later) in the drawing unit 10 toward a driver (observer) UN via the display screen 20.
  • the drawing unit 10 of the display device 100 is installed so as to be embedded in the dashboard 4 of the vehicle body 2, and emits display light HK corresponding to an image including driving-related information and a danger signal toward the display screen 20.
  • the display screen 20 is a half mirror also called a combiner, and is a concave mirror or a plane mirror having a semi-transmission property.
  • the display screen 20 is erected on the dashboard 4 with the lower end supported, and reflects the display light HK from the drawing unit 10 toward the rear of the vehicle body 2. That is, in the illustrated case, the display screen 20 is an independent type that is installed separately from the windshield (windshield) 8.
  • the display light HK reflected by the display screen 20 which is a half mirror is guided to the eye HT of the driver UN sitting on the driver's seat 6 and the eye box EB corresponding to the peripheral position. It is burned.
  • the driver UN can observe the display light HK reflected by the display screen 20, that is, the display image IM as a virtual image in front of the vehicle body 2.
  • the driver UN can observe the external light transmitted through the display screen 20 that is a half mirror, that is, a real image of a front view, a car, and the like.
  • the driver UN overlaps the external image behind the display screen 20 and displays a display image (virtual image) IM including driving-related information, a danger signal, and the like formed by reflection of the display light HK on the display screen 20. Can be observed.
  • a display image (virtual image) IM including driving-related information, a danger signal, and the like formed by reflection of the display light HK on the display screen 20.
  • the drawing unit 10 includes a main body optical system 13, a display control unit 18 that operates the main body optical system 13, and a housing 14 that houses the main body optical system 13 and the like.
  • the combination of the main body optical system 13 and the display screen (combiner) 20 constitutes a virtual image display optical system 30.
  • the coordinate axes XYZ have the origin at the center of the eye box EB corresponding to the position between the pupils HT of a general driver UN, but are displayed with the origin shifted for convenience.
  • the main optical system 13 is close to the image forming element (display device) 11, the projection optical system 15 capable of forming an intermediate image TI obtained by enlarging the image formed on the image forming element 11, and the image forming position of the intermediate image TI.
  • the intermediate screen 16 disposed downstream of the optical path and the mirror optical system 17 that converts the intermediate image TI into a virtual image are provided.
  • the virtual image projection distance is variable by the main body optical system 13.
  • a combination of the mirror optical system 17 and the display screen 20 disposed above the main body optical system 13 in the main body optical system 13 constitutes a virtual image generation optical system 30b.
  • the image forming element 11 is a drawing device (display unit) having a two-dimensional display surface 11a.
  • the image formed on the display surface 11a of the image forming element 11 is enlarged by the projection optical system 15 of the main body optical system 13 to form an intermediate image TI, passes through the intermediate screen 16, and is guided to the mirror optical system 17 and the like. It is burned.
  • the image forming element 11 capable of two-dimensional display, the intermediate image TI or the display image (virtual image) IM can be switched at a relatively high speed.
  • a digital mirror device (DMD) or a reflective liquid crystal device (LCOS) can be used as the image forming element 11.
  • the image forming element 11 When DMD or LCOS is used as the image forming element 11, it is easy to switch images at high speed (including high-speed intermittent display) while maintaining brightness, which is advantageous for display in which the virtual image distance or projection distance is changed. .
  • the image forming element 11 operates at a frame rate of, for example, 30 fps or more, preferably 60 fps or more per virtual image distance when a virtual image is projected at a plurality of distances. As a result, it becomes easy to display a plurality of display images (virtual images) IM at different projection distances as if they are simultaneously displayed to the driver UN.
  • the projection optical system 15 is a fixed-focus lens system, and has a plurality of lenses (not shown).
  • the F value of the projection optical system 15 is 2.0 or more.
  • the projection optical system 15 enlarges and projects an image formed on the display surface 11a of the image forming element 11 to an appropriate magnification, and the intermediate image TI (or a position close to the diffusion surface 16m provided on the incident surface of the intermediate screen 16).
  • a forced intermediate image TI ′) is formed at the position of the diffusing surface 16 m.
  • the forced intermediate image TI ′ includes not only the intermediate image TI itself but also an image that is slightly out of focus by being displaced from the intermediate image TI, and may be called the intermediate image TI in a broad sense.
  • the intermediate screen 16 forms a forced intermediate image TI ′ at the image formation position (that is, at or near the image formation planned position of the intermediate image TI).
  • the intermediate screen 16 is a member whose diffusion angle is controlled to a desired angle. As described later, by moving the intermediate screen 16 in the optical axis AX direction, the position of the forced intermediate image TI ′ can also be moved in the optical axis AX direction.
  • a diffusion plate, a diffusion screen, a microlens array, or the like can be used for the intermediate screen 16.
  • the diffusion surface 16m provided on the incident surface of the intermediate screen 16 has a diffusion function.
  • a forced intermediate image TI ' is formed on the diffusing surface 16m, and light diffuses therefrom, so that a wide eyebox EB can be secured even when the projection optical system 15 performs an enlarged projection.
  • the intermediate screen 16 is movable within the depth of focus of the projection optical system 15.
  • the intermediate screen 16 is driven by the arrangement changing device 62 and moves along the optical axis AX, for example, at a constant speed or a periodic movement.
  • the optical axis AX is an image corresponding to the center of the image forming element 11 that is a display device (drawing device), the center of the eye box EB, and the center of the image forming element 11 formed by the display device 100. It passes through a point (virtual image).
  • the arrangement changing device 62 changes the projection arrangement by changing the arrangement of the main body optical system 13.
  • the position of the projected display image IM is changed back and forth, and the display content is made to correspond to the position, so that the display image IM is changed while changing the virtual image distance or the projection distance to the display image IM.
  • the display image IM as a series of projection images can be made three-dimensional.
  • the movement range of the intermediate screen 16 along the optical axis AX corresponds to the image formation planned position of the intermediate image TI or the vicinity thereof, but is within the range of the depth of focus on the intermediate screen 16 side of the projection optical system 15. It is desirable.
  • the state of the forced intermediate image TI ′ and the image formation state of the display image IM as a virtual image can both be in a good state that is substantially in focus.
  • the amount of movement of the intermediate screen 16 in the optical axis AX direction is, for example, 20 mm or less. Thereby, the movement of the intermediate screen 16 can be performed efficiently, and the responsiveness of the intermediate screen 16 can be improved.
  • the moving speed of the intermediate screen 16 is preferably a speed at which the display image IM as a virtual image can be displayed as if it is displayed at a plurality of locations or a plurality of virtual image distances simultaneously.
  • the arrangement changing device 62 moves the intermediate screen 16 at a speed of, for example, 15 Hz or more. In this case, since the speed exceeds the perception of the observer (driver UN), the observer can recognize virtual images with different projection distances almost simultaneously.
  • the intermediate screen 16 is supported by the support member 62a.
  • the support member 62a is attached to the base 62b of the arrangement changing device 62 so as to be movable within a predetermined range along the optical axis AX direction.
  • the image displayed on the intermediate screen 16 at this time is a display screen that is a half mirror. (Combiner) Displayed as a virtual image farthest behind 20.
  • the image displayed on the intermediate screen 16 at this time is a display that is a half mirror.
  • a virtual image is displayed closest to the back of the screen (combiner) 20.
  • the mirror optical system 17 is a magnifying optical system that enlarges the forced intermediate image TI ′ formed on the intermediate screen 16 in cooperation with the display screen 20, and forms a display image IM as a virtual image in front of the driver UN. .
  • the mirror optical system 17 has a reflection optical system and is composed of at least one mirror, but in the illustrated example, includes two first and second mirrors 17a and 17b.
  • the first mirror 17a is a first reflector and is disposed on the image forming element 11 side in the preceding stage of the optical path and has optical power.
  • the second mirror 17b is disposed on the display screen (combiner) 20 side in the latter stage of the optical path and has optical power.
  • the first and second mirrors 17a and 17b can be convex surfaces, concave surfaces, or flat surfaces. In the case of curved surfaces, the first and second mirrors 17a and 17b are not limited to spherical surfaces but can be aspherical surfaces, free curved surfaces, or the like.
  • the intermediate screen 16 has a rectangular outline and has different diffusion characteristics in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction. That is, the intermediate screen 16 corresponds to the horizontal direction or X direction of the eye box EB and corresponds to the X direction, which is the first direction on the diffusion surface 16m, and the vertical direction or Y direction of the eye box EB orthogonal thereto.
  • the diffusivity differs in the Z direction, which is the second direction on the surface 16m.
  • the magnitude relationship between the diffusivity in the X direction, which is the first direction of the intermediate screen 16, and the diffusivity in the Z direction, which is the second direction coincides with the size relationship between the vertical and horizontal sizes of the eyebox EB. .
  • the diffusion degree means a diffusion angle having a half-value intensity in the diffusion distribution or diffusion characteristic.
  • the eye box EB has a horizontally long shape in which the width in the X direction corresponding to the first direction is larger than the width in the Y direction corresponding to the second direction, and the intermediate screen 16 is arranged in the first direction.
  • the diffusivity is greater than the diffusivity in the second direction. In this case, it is easy to secure luminance in the lateral direction of the eye box EB, and a bright image can be provided in the entire eye box EB.
  • the diffusion characteristics of the intermediate screen 16 can be adjusted by a known method.
  • the intermediate screen 16 is, for example, a diffusing plate
  • the intermediate screen is formed by forming minute irregularities having a size less than or equal to the use wavelength on the surface of the substrate, or forming line-like irregularities having a width less than or equal to the use wavelength.
  • the 16 diffusion characteristics can be adjusted to have a desired directionality.
  • the vertical size that is the width of the eye box EB in the vertical direction VD is EBv
  • the horizontal size that is the width of the eye box EB in the horizontal direction HD is EBh.
  • the size of the eye box EB is set in consideration of the fact that two human eyes are arranged in the horizontal direction and the amount of head shake during driving.
  • the vertical size EBv of the eyebox EB is, for example, 50 to 90 mm
  • the horizontal size EBh is, for example, 130 to 150 mm.
  • the size of the eye box EB means an area where the entire display image (virtual image) IM can be visually recognized with both eyes with the center of both eyes of the driver UN as a reference.
  • FIG. 3B shows a minimum elliptical diffusion characteristic C1 necessary for the display light HK emitted from the intermediate screen 16, and an actual elliptical diffusion characteristic C2 of the display light HK by the diffusion surface 16m of the intermediate screen 16.
  • the desired divergence angles at the intermediate screen positions required to satisfy the vertical and horizontal sizes EBv and EBh of the eyebox EB are ⁇ v and ⁇ h.
  • the diffusion angle in the second direction of the intermediate screen 16 corresponding to the vertical and horizontal directions of the eye box EB is ⁇ v ′
  • the diffusion angle in the first direction is ⁇ h ′.
  • the desired divergence angles ⁇ v and ⁇ h are the minimum necessary diffusion angles in consideration of the eye box EB
  • the diffusion angles ⁇ v ′ and ⁇ h ′ are the diffusion angles set in the actual intermediate screen 16.
  • the virtual image generating optical system 30b or the intermediate screen 16 has the following two conditional expressions: 1 ⁇ v ′ / ⁇ v ⁇ 2.0 (1) 1 ⁇ h ′ / ⁇ h ⁇ 1.5 (2) It is like satisfying.
  • the values of the two conditional expressions (1) and (2) exceed the lower limit, the luminance of the display image IM as a virtual image at the end of the long side of the eye box EB is extremely reduced, or the virtual image Can be avoided.
  • the values of the two conditional expressions (1) and (2) are less than the upper limit, the actual diffusion angle can be prevented from becoming too large with respect to the light divergence angle necessary for the virtual image generation optical system 30b.
  • the brightness of the display image IM as a virtual image as a whole can be ensured.
  • the virtual image generating optical system 30b has the following two conditional expressions 0.7 ⁇ (Mv / Mh) ⁇ where Mh is the horizontal optical magnification that is the horizontal direction and Mv is the vertical optical magnification that is the vertical direction.
  • Conditional expressions (3) and (4) prescribe the appropriate ranges of the diffusion angles ⁇ v ′ and ⁇ h ′ of the intermediate screen 16 according to the vertical and horizontal sizes of the eye box EB in consideration of the vertical and horizontal magnification of the virtual image generating optical system 30b.
  • conditional expressions (3) and (4) exceed the lower limit of the above range, it is possible to avoid the diffusion angle corresponding to the lateral direction of the eyebox EB from becoming too large, and to reduce the luminance of the display image IM as a virtual image. Can be prevented.
  • the values of conditional expressions (3) and (4) are less than the upper limit, it is possible to avoid the diffusion angle corresponding to the vertical direction of the eyebox EB from becoming too large, and the luminance of the display image IM as a virtual image is reduced. Can be prevented.
  • the optical magnification Mh in the horizontal direction and the optical magnification Mv in the vertical direction are equal, and the conditional expressions (3) and (4) are
  • the virtual image generating optical system 30b is more easily corrected, and the following conditional expression 0.7 ⁇ EBv / EBh ⁇ v ′ / ⁇ h ′ (5) ⁇ v ′ / ⁇ h ′ ⁇ 1.3 ⁇ EBv / EBh (6) Meet.
  • FIG. 3C is a diagram for explaining the vertical and horizontal sizes of the display surface 11 a of the image forming element (display device) 11.
  • the vertical size that is the width in the vertical direction VD of the rectangular display area of the display surface 11a is DAv
  • the horizontal size that is the width in the horizontal direction HD of the rectangular display area of the display surface 11a is DAh.
  • the vertical size DAv corresponds to the vertical direction or Y direction of the display image (virtual image) IM
  • the horizontal size DAh corresponds to the horizontal direction or X direction of the display image (virtual image) IM.
  • the display surface 11a has a vertically long display size that is longer in the second direction than in the first direction, and the eyebox EB having the horizontally long size is inverted in the vertical and horizontal size relations. It is different.
  • the display surface 11a is vertically long, but the display surface 11a can also be horizontally long, and the shape of the display surface 11a is preferably changed depending on the application. For example, if the front windshield is a horizontally long general passenger car, it is horizontally long, and if the windshield is vertically long heavy machinery, construction machinery, etc., it is vertically long.
  • FIG. 4A is a diagram for explaining the diffusion state of the display light HK emitted from the intermediate screen 16 in the second direction or the vertical direction
  • FIG. 4B is a diagram illustrating the first direction of the display light HK emitted from the intermediate screen 16 or It is a figure explaining the spreading
  • the desired divergence angle ⁇ v of the display light H0 from the center of the intermediate screen 16 in the vertical direction or the second direction, and the expected vertical direction of the display light H2 from the periphery of the intermediate screen 16 Is substantially equal to the divergence angle ⁇ v.
  • the desired divergence angle ⁇ h of the display light H0 from the center of the intermediate screen 16 in the horizontal direction or the first direction and the horizontal direction of the display light H1 from the periphery of the intermediate screen 16 The desired divergence angle ⁇ h is substantially equal.
  • the desired divergence angle ⁇ v at the intermediate screen position necessary to satisfy the vertical and horizontal sizes EBv and EBh of the eyebox EB is 9.1 ° to 9.3 °
  • the divergence angle ⁇ h is 23. Since the angle is .4 ° to 23.8 °, the divergence angle ⁇ v in the vertical or second direction of the intermediate screen 16 is smaller than the divergence angle ⁇ h in the horizontal or first direction of the intermediate screen 16.
  • the diffusion angle ⁇ v ′ in the vertical or second direction is smaller than the diffusion angle ⁇ h ′ in the horizontal or first direction of the intermediate screen 16.
  • the aspect ratio EBv / EBh is 0.38. Since the aspect ratio of the angles ⁇ v and ⁇ h is about 0.39, it can be seen that the aspect ratio of the intended diffusion angle is the aspect ratio of the eyebox according to the optical principle as described above. Further, by setting the diffusion angles ⁇ v ′ and ⁇ h ′ of the diffusion surface provided in the intermediate screen 16 to satisfy the above-described conditional expressions (1) to (6), it is possible to increase the luminance of the virtual image. It becomes.
  • conditional expressions (3) and (4) relating to the diffusion angles ⁇ v ′ and ⁇ h ′ are the same as the conditional expression (5 ) And (6).
  • the outermost edge of the intermediate screen 16 is outside the effective area or within the effective area. Some light passing through the portion may not satisfy the conditional expressions (1) to (6).
  • the housing 14 has an opening 14a through which the display light HK passes, and a film or a thin plate-like light transmission member 14b can be disposed in the opening 14a.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating the mobile display system 200, and the mobile display system 200 includes the display device 100 as a part thereof.
  • the display device 100 has the structure shown in FIG. 2, and a description thereof is omitted here.
  • a moving body display system 200 shown in FIG. 5 is incorporated in an automobile or the like that is a moving body.
  • the mobile display system 200 includes a driver detection unit 71, an environment monitoring unit 72, and a main control device 90 in addition to the display device 100.
  • the driver detection unit 71 is a part that detects the presence of the driver UN and the viewpoint position, and includes a driver seat camera 71a, a driver seat image processing unit 71b, and a driver seat image determination unit 71c.
  • the driver's seat camera 71a is installed in front of the driver's seat of the dashboard 4 in the vehicle body 2 (see FIG. 1B), and takes an image of the head of the driver UN and its surroundings.
  • the driver seat image processing unit 71b performs various types of image processing such as brightness correction on the image captured by the driver seat camera 71a to facilitate processing in the driver seat image determination unit 71c.
  • the driver seat image determination unit 71c detects the head and eyes of the driver UN by extracting or cutting out an object from the driver seat image that has passed through the driver seat image processing unit 71b, and the depth associated with the driver seat image.
  • the spatial position of the driver UN's eyes (and consequently the direction of the line of sight) is calculated along with the presence / absence of the driver's UN head in the vehicle body 2 from the information.
  • the environment monitoring unit 72 is a part for identifying a car, a bicycle, a pedestrian, and the like that are close to the front, and includes an external camera 72a, an external image processing unit 72b, and an external image determination unit 72c.
  • the external camera 72a is installed at appropriate positions inside and outside the vehicle body 2, and captures external images of the driver UN or the front windshield 8, such as the front and sides.
  • the external image processing unit 72b performs various types of image processing such as brightness correction on the image captured by the external camera 72a to facilitate processing by the external image determination unit 72c.
  • the external image determination unit 72c extracts or cuts out an object from the external image that has passed through the external image processing unit 72b, thereby determining whether or not an object such as an automobile, a bicycle, or a pedestrian (see, for example, the object OB shown in FIG. 6) exists. While detecting, the spatial position of the target object in front of the vehicle body 2 is calculated from the depth information accompanying the external image.
  • the driver's seat camera 71a and the external camera 72a, particularly the external camera 72a, are not shown, but are, for example, compound eye type three-dimensional cameras.
  • both cameras 71a and 72a are configured by arranging camera elements, which are a set of imaging lenses, CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) and other image sensors, in a matrix, and drive for the image sensors.
  • CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
  • Each has a circuit.
  • the plurality of camera elements constituting each of the cameras 71a and 72a are adapted to focus at different positions in the depth direction, for example, or to detect relative parallax, and are obtained from each camera element. By analyzing the state of the image (focus state, object position, etc.), the distance to each region or object in the image can be determined.
  • the depth direction of each part (area or object) in the captured screen is used. Distance information can be obtained.
  • distance information in the depth direction can be obtained for each part (region or object) in the captured screen by using a stereo camera in which two two-dimensional cameras are separately arranged in place of the compound-eye cameras 71a and 72a.
  • distance information in the depth direction can be obtained for each part in the captured screen by performing imaging while changing the focal length at high speed.
  • the display control unit 18 operates the virtual image display optical system 30 under the control of the main controller 90 to display a three-dimensional display image IM whose virtual image distance or projection distance changes behind the display screen 20.
  • the display control unit 18 generates a display image IM to be displayed on the virtual image display optical system 30 from display information including the display shape and display distance received from the environment monitoring unit 72 via the main control device 90.
  • the display image IM is, for example, a display frame (see, for example, the display frame HW shown in FIG. 6) that is positioned in the periphery with respect to the depth position direction of an automobile, bicycle, pedestrian, or other object existing behind the display screen 20. Such a label can be used.
  • the display control unit 18 receives a detection output regarding the presence of the driver UN and the position of the eyes from the driver detection unit 71 via the main control device 90. Thereby, the projection of the display image IM by the virtual image display optical system 30 can be automatically started and stopped. Further, the display image IM can be projected only in the direction of the line of sight of the driver UN. Further, it is possible to perform projection with emphasis such as brightening or blinking only the display image IM in the direction of the line of sight of the driver UN.
  • the main control device 90 has a role of harmonizing the operations of the display device 100, the environment monitoring unit 72, and the like, and the virtual image display optical system 30 so as to correspond to the spatial position of the object detected by the environment monitoring unit 72. Adjust the spatial arrangement of the display frame projected by.
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective view for explaining a specific display state.
  • a detection area VF corresponding to the observation field is provided in front of the driver UN as an observer. It is assumed that objects OB1 and OB3 of a person such as a pedestrian and a moving object OB2 such as an automobile exist in the detection area VF, that is, in and around the road.
  • the main controller 90 projects a three-dimensional projection image or display image (virtual image) IM by the display device 100, and displays the display frames HW1, HW2 as related information images for the objects OB1, OB2, OB3. , HW3 is added.
  • the projection distance from the driver UN to each display image IM1, IM2, IM3 for displaying the display frames HW1, HW2, HW3 is different from each object. This corresponds to the distance to OB1, OB2, and OB3. Note that the projection distances of the display images IM1, IM2, and IM3 are discrete, and cannot be accurately matched to the actual distances to the objects OB1, OB2, and OB3.
  • the size relationship between the vertical and horizontal sizes of the eye box EB, the diffusivity in the first direction on the intermediate screen 16, and the diffusivity in the second direction on the intermediate screen 16 are as follows. Since the magnitude relationship is the same, it is possible to suppress the loss of light quantity in the short side direction of the eye box EB, and to improve the luminance of the display image IM as a virtual image. Thereby, the visibility for the driver UN can be improved.
  • the display device according to the second embodiment will be described below. Note that the display device of the second embodiment is a modification of the display device of the first embodiment, and items that are not particularly described are the same as those of the first embodiment. In the case of the present embodiment, a diffusion unit including a rotary intermediate screen is disposed instead of the reciprocating intermediate screen 16 shown in FIG.
  • the diffusing section 19 has a spiral rotating body 19a having a profile close to a disk as a whole and a cylindrical hollow frame body 19b that houses the rotating body 19a.
  • the diffusing unit 19 is disposed at a projection position or an imaging position by the projection optical system 15 shown in FIG. 1 (that is, an imaging position of an intermediate image or in the vicinity thereof), and is driven by a rotation driving unit (not shown), for example, at a constant speed. Rotate around a rotation axis SX parallel to the optical axis AX.
  • the rotating body 19a is the intermediate screen 16, and has a central portion 19c and an outer peripheral optical portion 19p.
  • One surface 19f formed on the outer peripheral optical part 19p of the rotating body 19a is formed as a smooth surface or an optical surface, and a diffusion surface 16m is formed over the entire surface on the surface 19f.
  • the diffusion surface 16m is a part that controls the light distribution angle to a desired angle.
  • the diffusion surface 16m can be a sheet attached to the rotating body 19a, but may be a fine uneven pattern formed on the surface of the rotating body 19a.
  • the diffusing surface 16m may be formed so as to be embedded in the rotating body 19a.
  • the diffusion surface 16m forms an intermediate image TI or a forced intermediate image TI 'by diffusing the incident display light HK.
  • the other surface 19s formed on the outer peripheral optical part 19p of the rotating body 19a is formed on a smooth surface or an optical surface.
  • the rotating body 19a is a spiral member having optical transparency, and the pair of surfaces 19f and 19s is a spiral surface having the rotation axis SX as a spiral axis.
  • the diffusion surface 16m formed on the one surface 19f is also formed along a continuous spiral surface.
  • the rotating body 19a or the intermediate screen 16 has substantially the same thickness t with respect to the direction of the rotation axis SX or the optical axis AX.
  • the diffusion surface 16m is formed in a range corresponding to one period of the spiral. That is, the diffusion surface 16m is formed in a range corresponding to one pitch of the spiral.
  • a stepped portion 19j is formed at one place along the periphery of the diffusing portion 19.
  • one place along the circumferential direction is a functional area FA through which the optical axis AX of the main body optical system 13 passes, and the intermediate image TI (more accurately, by the portion of the diffusion surface 16m in the functional area FA.
  • a forced intermediate image TI ′ is formed.
  • the functional area FA moves at a constant speed on the rotating body 19a as the rotating body 19a rotates. That is, the display light (image light) HK is incident on the functional area FA that is a part of the rotating body 19a while rotating, so that the position of the functional area FA or the intermediate image TI reciprocates along the optical axis AX.
  • the position where the intermediate image will be formed is also called the position of the intermediate image.
  • the functional area FA or the intermediate image TI of the diffusion surface 16m is stepped in the optical axis AX direction by one rotation of the rotating body 19a. It makes one round trip for a distance corresponding to.
  • the projection optical system 15 has a predetermined focal depth that is equal to or greater than the moving range of the functional area FA so as not to be out of focus due to the position of the intermediate screen 16 or the diffusing surface 16 m provided in the diffusing section 19.
  • the hollow frame body 19b has a cylindrical outer contour and includes a side surface portion 19e and a pair of end surface portions 19g and 19h.
  • the side surface portion 19e and the pair of end surface portions 19g and 19h are formed of the same material having optical transparency. However, the side surface portion 19e may not have light transmittance.
  • One end surface portion 19g is a parallel plate, but may have a free curved surface shape or an aspherical shape.
  • the other end surface portion 19h is also a parallel plate, but may have a free curved surface shape or an aspherical shape.
  • the rotating body 19a in the hollow frame body 19b is fixed to the hollow frame body 19b via a pair of central shaft portions 65, and the hollow frame body 19b and the rotating body 19a rotate integrally around the rotation axis SX. To do.
  • the rotating body 19a provided with the diffusing surface 16m in the hollow frame body 19b it is possible to suppress dust and the like from adhering to the rotating body 19a, and to generate sound accompanying the rotation of the rotating body 19a. Therefore, it is easy to stabilize the rotation of the rotating body 19a at a high speed.
  • the position of the intermediate image TI can also be moved in the optical axis AX direction.
  • the diffuser 19 rotates around the rotation axis SX, and the position of the intermediate image TI corresponding to the functional area FA repeatedly moves in the direction of the optical axis AX, and is formed behind the display screen 20 by the mirror optical system 17.
  • the distance between the display image IM as a virtual image and the driver UN as an observer can be increased or decreased.
  • the display light HK from the projection optical system 15 shown in FIG. 2 passes through the diffusion surface 16m of the intermediate screen 16 shown in FIG. 7A, is adjusted in diffusivity, and is reflected by the display screen 20 via the mirror optical system 17.
  • the diffusion surface 16m formed on the intermediate screen 16 of the rotating body 19a has different diffusion characteristics in the first direction which is the circumferential direction and the second direction which is the radial direction.
  • the intermediate screen 16 has an elliptical diffusion characteristic in which the diffusivity in the first direction which is the circumferential direction is larger than the diffusivity in the second direction orthogonal thereto.
  • the eye box EB has a horizontally long shape in which the width in the X direction corresponding to the first direction is larger than the width in the Y direction corresponding to the second direction, as in the case of the first embodiment. .
  • the virtual image generating optical system 30b or the intermediate screen 16 of the present embodiment satisfies the conditional expressions (1) to (6) described above.
  • the display device according to the third embodiment will be described below. Note that the display device of the third embodiment is a modification of the display device of the first embodiment, and items not specifically described are the same as those of the first embodiment. In the case of the present embodiment, a diffusion unit including a rotary intermediate screen is disposed instead of the reciprocating intermediate screen 16 shown in FIG.
  • the diffusing unit 119 includes a spiral rotating body 119a having a contour close to a cylindrical container as a whole.
  • the diffusing unit 119 is disposed at a projection position or an imaging position by the projection optical system 15 shown in FIG. 1 (that is, an imaging position of an intermediate image or in the vicinity thereof) and is driven by a rotation driving unit (not shown), for example, at a constant speed. Rotate around a rotation axis SX perpendicular to the optical axis AX.
  • the rotating body 119a is the intermediate screen 16 and has a cylindrical shape including a portion in which the distance from the rotating shaft SX to the surface serving as the functional area FA changes continuously according to the angular direction around the rotating shaft SX.
  • the rotation axis SX of the rotator 119a is arranged in a state of being orthogonal or almost orthogonal to the axis TX parallel to the optical axis AX of the intermediate screen 16.
  • the rotating body 119a has an end surface portion 119b and a side surface portion 119c.
  • the rotating body 119a has a structure opened on the side opposite to the end face portion 119b, and is disposed so as to surround an optical path bending mirror M1 separately fixed by a support member (not shown).
  • the end surface portion 119b and the side surface portion 119c are formed of the same material having optical transparency. However, the end surface portion 119b may not have light transmittance, and for example, may be partially hollow.
  • the end surface portion 119b of the rotating body 119a is a disk-shaped member, and supports one end portion of the side surface portion 119c.
  • the end surface portion 119b is rotatably supported by a rotation driving unit (not shown) via the central shaft portion 65.
  • a rotation driving unit not shown
  • the rotator 119a can be provided with a balancer in order to stabilize the rotation of the rotator 119a.
  • the side part 119c of the rotating body 119a is an optical part, and one surface 119d formed outside the side part 119c is formed on a smooth surface or an optical surface.
  • a diffusion surface 16m is formed over the entire surface 119d.
  • the diffusion surface 16m is a part that controls the light distribution angle to a desired angle.
  • the intermediate screen 16 can be a sheet attached to the side surface portion 119c of the rotator 119a, but may be a fine uneven pattern formed on the surface of the rotator 119a.
  • the intermediate screen 16 forms an intermediate image TI (more precisely, a forced intermediate image TI ′) by diffusing the incident display light HK (see FIG. 2).
  • the other surface 119e formed inside the side surface portion 119c of the rotating body 119a is formed as a smooth surface or an optical surface.
  • the three-dimensional shape of the rotating body 119a has a side surface shape in which the distance from the rotation axis SX to the functional area FA changes continuously.
  • the side surface portion 119c is a spiral member having optical transparency
  • the pair of surfaces 119d and 119e are spiral side surfaces having the rotation axis SX as a reference axis. That is, the reference axis of the side surface portion 119c substantially coincides with the rotation axis SX of the rotating body 119a.
  • the intermediate screen 16 formed on one surface 119d is also formed along a continuous spiral side surface.
  • the diffusion surface 16m of the intermediate screen 16 is formed in a range corresponding to the pattern of the functional area FA (or the spiral side surface pattern). Thereby, the virtual image projection distance can be appropriately adjusted by appropriately adjusting the position of the functional area FA of the intermediate screen 16 in the optical axis AX direction by one rotation of the rotating body 119a.
  • a step portion 119f is formed at one place along the circumference of the side surface portion 119c of the rotating body 119a.
  • the step portion 119f gives a step to both ends of the intermediate screen 16 in a direction parallel to the optical axis AX direction.
  • the display light HK from the projection optical system 15 shown in FIG. 2 is reflected by the mirror M 1 shown in FIG. 8A, passes through the diffusion surface 16 m of the intermediate screen 16, has its diffusivity adjusted, and passes through the mirror optical system 17 to display the display screen. 20 is reflected.
  • the diffusion surface 16m formed on the intermediate screen 16 of the rotating body 19a has different diffusion characteristics in the first direction that is the circumferential direction and the second direction that is the busbar direction.
  • the intermediate screen 16 has an elliptical diffusion characteristic in which the diffusivity in the first direction which is the circumferential direction is larger than the diffusivity in the second direction orthogonal thereto.
  • the eye box EB has a horizontally long shape in which the width in the X direction corresponding to the first direction is larger than the width in the Y direction corresponding to the second direction, as in the case of the first embodiment. .
  • the virtual image generating optical system 30b or the intermediate screen 16 of the present embodiment satisfies the conditional expressions (1) to (6) described above.
  • the display device as a specific embodiment has been described above, but the display device according to the present invention is not limited to the above.
  • the display screen 100 can also be arranged on the top of the windshield 8 or the sun visor position by inverting the display device 100 upside down.
  • the display screen 20 is disposed obliquely downward and forward of the drawing unit 10.
  • the display screen 20 is a flat surface, but it may be a curved surface, a curved surface further inclined, or a free curved surface having no symmetry.
  • the outline of the display screen 20 is not limited to a rectangle, but may be various shapes.
  • the main body optical system 13 shown in FIG. 2 and the like is merely an example, and the optical configuration of the main body optical system 13 can be appropriately changed.
  • an intermediate image as a preceding stage of the intermediate image TI can be additionally formed in the projection optical system 15.
  • One or more mirrors having no optical power may be arranged in the optical path of the mirror optical system 17. In this case, it may be advantageous for downsizing the drawing unit 10 and the like by folding.
  • the image forming element 11 that is a drawing device, but a liquid crystal display (LCD) or other types of display elements such as an organic EL is used. Also good. Further, the image forming element 11 may be a scanning image element using MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) instead of the reflective element.
  • MEMS Micro Electro Mechanical Systems
  • the mirror optical system 17 is provided with two mirrors, but may be provided with one or three or more mirrors. Further, the mirror may be omitted. Further, although the optical surface of the mirror is a free-form surface having symmetry, it is not limited to this and may be a free-form surface having no symmetry.
  • the display screen 20 (combiner) 20 may not be provided, and the display screen 20 may be affixed inside the rectangular reflection area provided in front of the driver's seat of the windshield 8 forming the front window.
  • the display screen 20 can also be embedded in the windshield 8.
  • the projection optical system 15 is a fixed focus optical system, but may be a variable focus optical system.
  • the intermediate screen 16 is moved along the optical axis AX.
  • the intermediate screen 16 can be fixed without moving in the optical axis AX direction.
  • the display device 100 described above is not limited to a projection device mounted on an automobile or other moving body, but can be incorporated in a digital signage or the like, but can also be applied to other uses.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention concerne un système optique d'affichage d'image virtuelle et un dispositif d'affichage qui sont aptes à améliorer la luminosité ou la visibilité d'une image virtuelle. Le système optique d'affichage d'image virtuelle (30) affiche une image, formée par un élément de formation d'image (11) servant de dispositif d'affichage, par la projection d'une image virtuelle de ladite image sur un boîtier oculaire (EB). Le système optique d'affichage d'image virtuelle comprend : un écran intermédiaire (16) agencé au voisinage d'une position de formation d'image intermédiaire (T1) ; un système optique de projection positionné plus près de l'élément de formation d'image (11) que l'écran intermédiaire (16) ; et un système optique de formation d'image virtuelle (30b) positionné plus près d'un écran d'affichage (20) que l'écran intermédiaire (16). L'écran intermédiaire (16) possède une surface de diffusion (16m) ; sur la surface de diffusion (16m), la diffusivité dans une première direction correspondant à la direction horizontale du boîtier oculaire (EB) diffère de la diffusivité dans une seconde direction correspondant à la direction verticale du boîtier oculaire (EB), la seconde direction étant presque perpendiculaire à la première direction ; et la relation d'amplitude entre la longueur et la largeur du boîtier oculaire (EB) correspond à la relation d'amplitude entre la diffusivité dans la première direction et la diffusivité dans la seconde direction.
PCT/JP2019/010621 2018-03-15 2019-03-14 Système optique d'affichage d'image virtuelle et dispositif d'affichage WO2019177113A1 (fr)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090231719A1 (en) * 2008-03-11 2009-09-17 Microvision, Inc. Eyebox Shaping Through Virtual Vignetting
JP2012078619A (ja) * 2010-10-04 2012-04-19 Panasonic Corp 透過型表示装置
JP2013064985A (ja) * 2011-08-29 2013-04-11 Denso Corp ヘッドアップディスプレイ装置
JP2017175621A (ja) * 2016-03-24 2017-09-28 トヨタ自動車株式会社 音声コマンドに対応した視覚コンテキストを表示する三次元ヘッドアップディスプレイ装置
JP2018031863A (ja) * 2016-08-24 2018-03-01 アルパイン株式会社 車載用表示装置

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090231719A1 (en) * 2008-03-11 2009-09-17 Microvision, Inc. Eyebox Shaping Through Virtual Vignetting
JP2012078619A (ja) * 2010-10-04 2012-04-19 Panasonic Corp 透過型表示装置
JP2013064985A (ja) * 2011-08-29 2013-04-11 Denso Corp ヘッドアップディスプレイ装置
JP2017175621A (ja) * 2016-03-24 2017-09-28 トヨタ自動車株式会社 音声コマンドに対応した視覚コンテキストを表示する三次元ヘッドアップディスプレイ装置
JP2018031863A (ja) * 2016-08-24 2018-03-01 アルパイン株式会社 車載用表示装置

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