WO2019150478A1 - 真空断熱材及び断熱箱 - Google Patents
真空断熱材及び断熱箱 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019150478A1 WO2019150478A1 PCT/JP2018/003182 JP2018003182W WO2019150478A1 WO 2019150478 A1 WO2019150478 A1 WO 2019150478A1 JP 2018003182 W JP2018003182 W JP 2018003182W WO 2019150478 A1 WO2019150478 A1 WO 2019150478A1
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- core material
- heat insulating
- vacuum
- outer packaging
- heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
- F16L59/06—Arrangements using an air layer or vacuum
- F16L59/065—Arrangements using an air layer or vacuum using vacuum
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a vacuum heat insulating material and a heat insulating box in which the inside of the outer packaging material is sealed under reduced pressure and shields heat in the heat insulating direction.
- a vacuum heat insulating material used as a heat insulating material for a refrigerator or the like includes a container whose inside is evacuated and a heat insulating member placed in the container.
- a heat insulating member is known in which an alkali-free long fiber glass wool is overlapped and then needle punching is performed on the overlapped glass wool (for example, see Patent Document 1).
- the core material which is a heat insulating member described in Patent Document 1 is alkali-free long fiber glass wool subjected to needle punching.
- the fiber length is 30 mm or more and 100 mm or less.
- the fiber diameter is 6 ⁇ m or more and 25 ⁇ m or less.
- the density at which the fibers of the core material gather is 100 kg / m 3 or more and 230 kg / m 3 or less.
- the density after evacuation is 250 kg / m 3 or more and 450 kg / m 3 or less.
- the heat insulating member that is vacuumed by being placed in a container is formed by superimposing non-alkali long fiber glass wool and performing needle punching processing. Thereby, the density of the glass wool before evacuation is increased, and the shrinkage of the volume due to evacuation is reduced.
- a heat-insulating member is formed by solidifying a non-alkali long fiber glass wool while being pressed with a binder of an inorganic material such as water glass. Thereby, the shrinkage
- the fiber length is 30 mm or more and 100 mm or less, and the density after evacuation is defined as 250 kg / m 3 or more and 450 kg / m 3 or less.
- the heat transfer path component extending in the direction orthogonal to the heat insulation direction is short. Thereby, a heat transfer path close to a straight line is formed along the heat insulation direction. For this reason, the heat conductivity of a vacuum heat insulating material becomes high, and heat insulation performance deteriorates.
- Patent Document 1 does not describe an orientation angle that is an angle with respect to a plane perpendicular to the heat insulation direction in the fiber extending direction.
- the orientation angle is large, the probability of orienting the direction in which the fibers extend along the heat insulation direction increases, and the heat transfer path becomes shorter. For this reason, heat conductivity becomes high and heat insulation performance falls.
- This invention is for solving the said subject, and it aims at providing the vacuum heat insulating material and heat insulation box which the heat transfer path over the heat insulation direction becomes long, heat conductivity is low, and heat insulation performance can be improved. .
- the vacuum heat insulating material according to the present invention includes a core material made of a fiber assembly and an outer packaging material that covers the core material, and the inside of the outer packaging material is hermetically sealed under reduced pressure to block heat in the heat insulating direction.
- the core material is manufactured by a continuous filament method, the average fiber length of the core material is 7 cm or more within a range that can be physically accommodated in the outer packaging material, and the fibers of the core material are The average value of the angle formed between the extending direction and the plane orthogonal to the heat insulation direction is 0 ° or more and 10 ° or less, and the density of the core material in the outer packaging material is such that the core material is inside the outer packaging material. It is 280 kg / m 3 or more as long as a vacuum space having voids between fibers can be physically configured.
- the heat insulation box according to the present invention includes an outer box and an inner box disposed inside the outer box, and the vacuum heat insulating material is orthogonal to the heat insulation direction between the outer box and the inner box. It is arranged across the front and back surfaces.
- the average fiber length of the core material is 7 cm or more within a range that can be physically stored in the outer packaging material.
- the average value of the angle formed by the direction in which the fibers of the core material extend and the plane orthogonal to the heat insulation direction is 0 ° or more and 10 ° or less.
- the density of the core material inside the outer packaging material is 280 kg / m 3 or more within a range in which the core material can physically configure a vacuum space having a gap between fibers inside the outer packaging material.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a heat transfer path of core materials of Comparative Examples 1 to 4 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the heat insulation box which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention.
- Embodiment 1 FIG. ⁇ Outline of the present invention>
- the average fiber length of the core material is 7 cm or more within a range that can be physically stored in the outer packaging material.
- the average value of the angle formed by the direction in which the fibers of the core material extend and the plane C perpendicular to the heat insulation direction is 0 ° or more and 10 ° or less.
- the density of the core material after evacuation in the outer packaging material is 280 kg / m 3 or more as long as the core material can physically configure a vacuum space having a space between fibers inside the outer packaging material.
- the average fiber length of the core material, the orientation angle that is an angle with respect to the plane C perpendicular to the heat insulation direction in the direction in which the fibers of the core material extend, and the density of the core material after evacuation inside the outer packaging material are: ,
- ⁇ Measurement method of average fiber length of core material The measurer loosened the core material so as not to break it. The measurer measured the fiber length of the core material to the 1 mm unit using a ruler. The measurer measured the length of a total of 100 fibers. The average value of the lengths of a total of 100 fibers was defined as the average fiber length.
- the orientation angle ⁇ is an angle with respect to the plane C perpendicular to the heat insulating direction in the direction in which the fibers of the core material extend.
- the measurer hardened the outside of the vacuum heat insulating material with an epoxy resin to maintain the original vacuum heat insulating material thickness. Then, the measurer opened the outer packaging material of the vacuum heat insulating material, poured an epoxy resin into the inside, and cured. After curing, the measurer cut the central portion of the vacuum heat insulating material with a surface extending in the width direction along the heat insulating direction, polished the cut surface, and produced a sample for measuring the average fiber angle.
- the measurer performed secondary electron image photographing on the cut surface of the produced sample using a scanning electron microscope at a magnification of 500 times, and performed image analysis on the photographed secondary electron image.
- FIG. 1 is a secondary electron image diagram of a scanning electron microscope showing a sample for measuring the average number of fibers according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a photograph taken with a scanning electron microscope. Each of the oval shapes shown in white on the photograph is a cross section of the fiber. A plane C perpendicular to the heat insulation direction is defined as horizontal 0 °. The measurer assumes that the fiber cross section is all elliptical, the long axis length a [ ⁇ m] is 0.01 ⁇ m unit, the short axis length b [ ⁇ m] is 0.01 ⁇ m unit, and the long axis and horizontal plane. Were measured up to 0.01 ° units.
- the measurer substituted the measurement result into the following formula to calculate the orientation angle ⁇ [°].
- the measurer calculates the orientation angle ⁇ for all the fibers on the screen in the cross section from the upper end to the lower end in the illustration of the heat insulation direction at an arbitrary position in the direction orthogonal to the heat insulation direction, and orthogonal to the heat insulation direction.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the vacuum heat insulating material 1 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the vacuum heat insulating material 1 is a deterioration over time by adsorbing a core material 2 made of a fiber assembly, a gas barrier outer packaging material 3 covering the core material 2, and moisture inside the outer packaging material 3. And a water adsorbent 4 that suppresses water.
- the inside of the outer packaging material 3 is hermetically sealed with a welding seal portion 5 such as a heat seal in a state where the pressure is reduced to a vacuum degree of 1 Pa to 3 Pa.
- the outer packaging material 3 has at least a gas barrier layer and a heat welding layer.
- the outer packaging material 3 may be provided with a surface protective layer or the like as necessary.
- the gas barrier layer of the outer packaging material 3 a metal film, a metal oxide, a plastic film deposited with diamond-like carbon, or a metal foil can be used.
- the gas barrier layer is not particularly specified as long as it is used for the purpose of reducing gas permeation.
- silica, alumina, or the like can be used as a material for metal oxide vapor deposition on the plastic film.
- the material for metal oxide vapor deposition is not particularly specified.
- the heat-welded layer of the outer packaging material 3 is a portion having the highest gas permeability in the film constituting the outer packaging material 3.
- the property of the heat-welded layer greatly affects the temporal heat insulation performance of the vacuum heat insulating material 1.
- the thickness of the heat-welded layer is the stability of the sealing quality in the reduced-pressure sealing process, the suppression of gas intrusion from the end face of the heat-welded part, and the heat from the surface by heat conduction when using a metal foil as the gas barrier layer In consideration of leakage, 25 ⁇ m to 60 ⁇ m is suitable.
- As a material for the heat welding layer an unstretched polypropylene film, a high density polyethylene film, a linear low density polyethylene film, or the like can be used. However, the material for the heat welding layer is not particularly specified.
- a surface protective layer can be further provided outside the gas barrier layer of the outer packaging material 3.
- a polyethylene terephthalate film, a polypropylene film, a stretched product of nylon film, or the like can be used. Furthermore, when these surface protective layers are covered with a nylon film or the like, the bending resistance and the puncture resistance are improved.
- the bag shape of the outer packaging material 3 a four-side seal bag, a gusset bag, a three-side seal bag, a pillow bag, a center tape seal bag, or the like can be used.
- the bag shape of the outer packaging material 3 is not particularly specified.
- the core material 2 is composed of a fiber assembly in which fibers such as glass wool having an elongated cylindrical shape and a long cylindrical shape are collected.
- the core material 2 is manufactured by the continuous filament method. Thereby, the core material 2 is comprised from the cross-sectional perfect circle and the elongate columnar fiber.
- the core material 2 is configured as a plate-like fiber assembly by laminating a plurality of fiber thin plates 2a in the heat insulating direction. In FIG. 2, the core material 2 has four laminated fiber sheets 2a.
- the core material 2 may be composed of one or more plate-like bodies.
- the core material 2 may be a lump of fibrous bodies that swells with a gap between the fibers.
- the core material 2 may comprise a fiber assembly by joining the plurality of chunks.
- the moisture adsorbent 4 is calcium oxide (CaO) or the like inserted in a bag with good air permeability.
- the moisture adsorbent 4 is not limited to CaO alone.
- the water adsorbent 4 may be zeolite or the like, and is not particularly limited as long as it has water adsorbability.
- the core material 2 is inserted into the outer packaging material 3, and the vacuum heat insulating material 1 undergoes a drying process for removing moisture. Thereafter, the moisture adsorbent 4 is inserted into the outer packaging material 3. Then, the opening of the outer packaging material 3 is sealed by heat sealing or the like while the inside of the outer packaging material 3 is decompressed to a vacuum degree of 1 Pa to 3 Pa. Thereby, the vacuum heat insulating material 1 is obtained.
- covers the core material 2 is just to implement as a drying process.
- the drying process may be performed at 110 ° C. for 2 hours, for example.
- the heating conditions in the drying process are not limited to this, and any conditions may be used as long as moisture can be removed from the core material 2 and the outer packaging material 3 covering the core material 2.
- the moisture adsorbent 4 is not limited to being inserted after the drying process.
- the moisture adsorbent 4 may be inserted before the drying step or before pressure-compressing the core material 2 and the outer packaging material 3 covering the core material 2 with a processing device.
- Example 1 It was 7.9 cm when the average fiber length of the core material 2 was measured by said method. Moreover, when the average orientation angle
- Example 2 It was 9.5 cm when the average fiber length of the core material 2 was measured by said method. Moreover, when the average orientation angle
- the heat conductivity of the vacuum heat insulating material 1 of Comparative Example 1 is a bad value compared with the heat conductivity of the vacuum heat insulating material 1 of Examples 1 and 2, 1.16 mW / m ⁇ K to 1.24 mW / m ⁇ K. became. That is, the heat insulating performance of the vacuum heat insulating material 1 is inferior because the vacuum heat insulating material 1 of Comparative Example 1 has higher thermal conductivity than the vacuum heat insulating material 1 of Examples 1 and 2.
- the thermal conductivity of the vacuum heat insulating material 1 of Comparative Example 2 was compared with the thermal conductivity of 1.16 mW / m ⁇ K to 1.24 mW / m ⁇ K of the vacuum heat insulating material 1 of Examples 1 and 2, and was a bad value. became. That is, the heat insulating performance of the vacuum heat insulating material 1 is inferior because the vacuum heat insulating material 1 of Comparative Example 2 has higher thermal conductivity than the vacuum heat insulating material 1 of Examples 1 and 2.
- the thermal conductivity of the vacuum heat insulating material 1 of Comparative Example 3 is a bad value compared to the thermal conductivity of 1.16 mW / m ⁇ K to 1.24 mW / m ⁇ K of the vacuum heat insulating material 1 of Examples 1 and 2. became. That is, the heat insulating performance of the vacuum heat insulating material 1 is inferior because the vacuum heat insulating material 1 of Comparative Example 3 has higher thermal conductivity than the vacuum heat insulating material 1 of Examples 1 and 2.
- the thermal conductivity of the vacuum heat insulating material 1 of Comparative Example 4 is a bad value compared to the thermal conductivity of 1.16 mW / m ⁇ K to 1.24 mW / m ⁇ K of the vacuum heat insulating material 1 of Examples 1 and 2. became. That is, the heat insulating performance of the vacuum heat insulating material 1 is inferior because the vacuum heat insulating material 1 of Comparative Example 4 has higher thermal conductivity than the vacuum heat insulating material 1 of Examples 1 and 2.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a relationship between the average fiber length and the thermal conductivity of the core material 2 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the thermal conductivity is 1.5 mW / m ⁇ K or more when the average fiber length of the core material 2 is less than 7 cm, whereas 1.3 mW / m when the average fiber length of the core material 2 is 7 cm or more. ⁇ K or less.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the orientation angle ⁇ and the thermal conductivity according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the thermal conductivity is 1.5 mW / m ⁇ K or more in the range where the orientation angle ⁇ exceeds 10 °, whereas it is 1.3 mW / m ⁇ K or less in the range where the orientation angle ⁇ is 10 ° or less. As a result, it was found that there is an inflection point in the vicinity of the orientation angle ⁇ of 10 °.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the density and thermal conductivity of the core material 2 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the thermal conductivity is 1.5 mW / m ⁇ K or more when the density of the core material 2 is less than 280 kg / m 3 , whereas 1.3 mW when the density of the core material 2 is 280 kg / m 3 or more. / M ⁇ K or less.
- the density of the core material 2 has an inflection point in the vicinity of 280 kg / m 3 .
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a heat transfer path of the core material 2 of Examples 1 and 2 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the smaller the orientation angle ⁇ the lower the probability that the fibers are oriented in the heat insulation direction of the vacuum heat insulating material 1, and the heat transfer path swings in a direction perpendicular to the heat insulation direction and becomes longer. For this reason, heat conductivity is low and heat insulation performance becomes high.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a heat transfer path of the core materials of Comparative Examples 1 to 4 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 7, when the orientation angle ⁇ increases, the probability that the fibers are oriented in the heat insulation direction increases, and the component orthogonal to the heat insulation direction is short and the heat transfer path is short. For this reason, heat conductivity is high and heat insulation performance becomes low.
- the average fiber length of the core material 2 can be similarly explained by the percolation theory.
- the three parameters of the average fiber length, the orientation angle ⁇ , and the density of the core material 2 have a correlation with the thermal conductivity. And the three parameters of the average fiber length of the core material 2, the orientation angle
- the orientation angle ⁇ when the orientation angle ⁇ is set to 10 ° or less, it is difficult to form a support that forms a vacuum space having a thickness in the heat insulating direction unless the average fiber length of the core material 2 is long.
- the orientation angle ⁇ when the orientation angle ⁇ is set to 10 ° or less, the heat insulation direction component of the fiber is shortened, and the fiber is layered many times when it becomes a support constituting a vacuum space having a thickness in the heat insulation direction. It becomes necessary to overlap, and the density of the core material 2 increases.
- the average fiber length of the core material 2 is 7 cm or more within a range that can be physically stored in the outer packaging material 3.
- the average value of the orientation angle ⁇ with respect to the plane C orthogonal to the heat insulating direction in the direction in which the fibers of the core material 2 extend is 0 ° or more and 10 ° or less.
- the density of the core material 2 after evacuation in the outer packaging material 3 is 280 kg / m 3 or more within a range in which the core material 2 can physically configure a vacuum space having gaps between fibers inside the outer packaging material 3. It is.
- the vacuum heat insulating material 1 includes the core material 2 made of a fiber assembly.
- the vacuum heat insulating material 1 includes an outer packaging material 3 that covers the core material 2.
- the core material 2 is manufactured by a continuous filament method.
- the average fiber length of the core material 2 is 7 cm or more within a range that can be physically stored in the outer packaging material 3.
- the average value of the orientation angle ⁇ which is the angle formed between the direction in which the fibers of the core material 2 extend and the plane C orthogonal to the heat insulation direction, is 0 ° or more and 10 ° or less.
- the density of the core material 2 after evacuation in the outer packaging material 3 is 280 kg / m 3 or more within a range in which the core material 2 can physically configure a vacuum space having gaps between fibers inside the outer packaging material 3. It is.
- the length of the core material 2 extending in the direction orthogonal to the heat insulation direction increases, and the heat transfer path component extending in the direction orthogonal to the heat insulation direction becomes longer. Therefore, the heat transfer path over the heat insulation direction becomes long, the thermal conductivity is low, and the heat insulation performance can be improved.
- the average fiber length of the core material 2 is 8 cm or more and 9.5 cm or less.
- the average fiber length of the core material 2 when the average fiber length of the core material 2 is 8 cm or more, the length of the core material 2 extending in the direction orthogonal to the heat insulation direction is further increased, and the heat extending in the direction orthogonal to the heat insulation direction is increased.
- the component of the transmission path becomes longer.
- the average fiber length of the core material 2 is 9.5 cm or less, the fibers of the core material 2 are not too long and are easy to manufacture and handle.
- the average fiber length of the core material 2 is 8 cm or more and 9.5 cm or less, while being able to manufacture at low cost, the heat insulation performance is likely to be remarkably improved.
- the core material 2 is configured in a plate shape by laminating a plurality of fiber thin plates 2a in the heat insulating direction.
- the average value of the orientation angle ⁇ with respect to the plane C perpendicular to the heat insulation direction in the direction in which the fibers extend in one fiber thin plate 2a can be easily set to 0 ° or more and 10 ° or less. This is because the direction in which the fibers extend in one fiber thin plate 2a lies along the flat plate surface of the fiber thin plate 2a, and the fibers do not rise from the flat plate surface of the fiber thin plate 2a. Further, since the plurality of fiber thin plates 2a are laminated in the heat insulating direction, the density of the core material 2 after evacuation in the outer packaging material 3 is a vacuum space having gaps between fibers in the outer packaging material 3 of the core material. It is easy to configure at 280 kg / m 3 or more within a physically configurable range.
- Embodiment 2 FIG. In the first embodiment, the vacuum heat insulating material 1 has been described. By mounting this vacuum heat insulating material 1, it is possible to provide a heat insulating box 6 for a refrigerator with low power consumption. Here, only the characteristic part will be described. About the part of other refrigerators, since there is no difference from the part used for the general refrigerator, description is abbreviate
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the heat insulation box 6 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- the heat insulating box 6 of the refrigerator includes an inner box 7 made of ABS resin and an outer box 8 made of a steel plate.
- the vacuum heat insulating material 1 is arranged with the front and back surfaces orthogonal to the heat insulating direction.
- the vacuum heat insulating material 1 is disposed with one side attached to the inner box 7.
- a foamed urethane heat insulating material 9 is filled with foam.
- the heat insulating box 6 includes the outer box 8.
- the heat insulating box 6 includes an inner box 7 disposed inside the outer box 8.
- the vacuum heat insulating material 1 according to the first embodiment is disposed between the outer box 8 and the inner box 7 with front and back surfaces orthogonal to the heat insulating direction sandwiched therebetween.
- the vacuum heat insulating material 1 of the first embodiment is disposed between the outer box 8 and the inner box 7 with the front and back surfaces orthogonal to the heat insulating direction sandwiched therebetween.
- route extended in a orthogonal direction with respect to the heat insulation direction between the outer box 8 and the inner box 7 becomes long. Therefore, the heat transfer path over the heat insulation direction between the outer box 8 and the inner box 7 becomes longer, the heat conductivity is low, and the heat insulation performance can be improved.
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Abstract
Description
<本発明の概要>
本発明に係る真空断熱材の芯材では、芯材の平均繊維長は、外包材に物理的に収納できる範囲内で7cm以上である。芯材の繊維が延びる向きと断熱方向に直交な面Cとの成す角度の平均値は、0°以上10°以下である。外包材の内部における真空排気後の芯材の密度は、芯材が外包材の内部に繊維間に空隙を有した真空空間を物理的に構成できる範囲内で280kg/m3以上である。
測定者は、芯材を折らないようにほぐした。測定者は、定規を用いて芯材の繊維の長さを1mm単位まで測定した。測定者は、合計100本の繊維の長さを測定した。合計100本の繊維の長さの平均値が平均繊維長と規定された。
配向角φとは、芯材の繊維が延びる向きにおける断熱方向に直交な面Cに対する角度である。測定者は、真空断熱材の状態での厚みを保持するため、真空断熱材の外側をエポキシ樹脂で固め、元の真空断熱材の厚みを保持させた。その後、測定者は、真空断熱材の外包材を開封し、内部にエポキシ樹脂を流し込み、硬化させた。硬化後、測定者は、真空断熱材の中央部を断熱方向に沿った幅方向にわたる面で切断し、切断面を研磨し、平均繊維角度測定用の試料を作製した。測定者は、作製した試料の切断面について、走査型電子顕微鏡を用いて二次電子像撮影を倍率500倍で実施し、撮影した二次電子像について画像解析を行った。
図2は、本発明の実施の形態1に係る真空断熱材1を示す断面図である。図2に示すように、真空断熱材1は、繊維集合体からなる芯材2と、芯材2を被覆するガスバリア性の外包材3と、外包材3の内部の水分を吸着して経時劣化を抑制する水分吸着剤4と、を備える。外包材3の内部は、1Pa~3Paの真空度に減圧された状態で開口部をヒートシールなどの溶着シール部5によって密封されている。
芯材2が外包材3内に挿入され、真空断熱材1が水分除去のための乾燥工程を経る。その後、水分吸着剤4が外包材3内に挿入される。そして、外包材3の内部が1Pa~3Paの真空度に減圧された状態で外包材3の開口部がヒートシールなどにより密封される。これにより、真空断熱材1が得られる。
以下では、上記方法で測定した実施例1、2及び比較例1~4の測定結果について説明する。表1には、実施例1、2及び比較例1~4の測定値が示されている。
芯材2の平均繊維長を上記の方法で測定したところ、7.9cmであった。また、上記の方法で、繊維の断熱方向に直交な面Cに対する平均の配向角φを測定したところ、8.9°であった。
芯材2の平均繊維長を上記の方法で測定したところ、9.5cmであった。また、上記の方法で、繊維の断熱方向に直交な面Cに対する平均の配向角φを測定したところ、7.2°であった。
芯材2の平均繊維長を上記の方法で測定したところ、5.2cmであった。また、上記の方法で、繊維の断熱方向に直交な面Cに対する平均の配向角φを測定したところ、10.2°であった。
芯材2の平均繊維長を上記の方法で測定したところ、6.4cmであった。また、上記の方法で、繊維の断熱方向に直交な面Cに対する平均の配向角φを測定したところ、11.0°であった。
芯材2の平均繊維長を上記の方法で測定したところ、2.0cmであった。また、上記の方法で、繊維の断熱方向に直交な面Cに対する平均の配向角φを測定したところ、13.6°であった。
芯材2の平均繊維長を上記の方法で測定したところ、3.1cmであった。また、上記の方法で、繊維の断熱方向に直交な面Cに対する平均の配向角φを測定したところ、15.3°であった。
以上の実施例1、2及び比較例1~4の結果をグラフにプロットした。
図3は、本発明の実施の形態1に係る芯材2の平均繊維長と熱伝導率との関係を示す図である。芯材2の平均繊維長が7cm未満の範囲において熱伝導率は1.5mW/m・K以上であるのに対し、芯材2の平均繊維長が7cm以上の範囲においては1.3mW/m・K以下となる。これにより、芯材2の平均繊維長が7cmの付近に変曲点があることが分った。
図4は、本発明の実施の形態1に係る配向角φと熱伝導率との関係を示す図である。配向角φが10°を超える範囲において熱伝導率は1.5mW/m・K以上であるのに対し、配向角φが10°以下の範囲においては1.3mW/m・K以下となる。これにより、配向角φが10°の付近に変曲点があることが分った。
図5は、本発明の実施の形態1に係る芯材2の密度と熱伝導率との関係を示す図である。芯材2の密度が280kg/m3未満の範囲において熱伝導率は1.5mW/m・K以上であるのに対し、芯材2の密度が280kg/m3以上の範囲においては1.3mW/m・K以下となる。これにより、芯材2の密度が280kg/m3の付近に変曲点があることが分った。
配向角φと熱伝導率との関係において、変曲点を有することに関しては、変曲点から離れたところで相互の関係が緩やかに変化し、変曲点付近で相互の関係が急激に変化するパーコレーション理論によって説明できる。図6は、本発明の実施の形態1に係る実施例1、2の芯材2の熱伝達経路を示す模式図である。図6に示すように、配向角φが小さくなればなるほど、真空断熱材1の断熱方向に繊維が配向する確率が低くなり、熱伝達経路が断熱方向に直交な方向に振れて長くなる。このため、熱伝導率が低く、断熱性能が高くなる。
実施の形態1によれば、真空断熱材1は、繊維集合体からなる芯材2を備える。真空断熱材1は、芯材2を被覆する外包材3を備える。真空断熱材1は、外包材3の内部が減圧密封され、断熱方向に対して熱を遮る。芯材2は、連続フィラメント法によって製造される。芯材2の平均繊維長は、外包材3に物理的に収納できる範囲内で7cm以上である。芯材2の繊維が延びる向きと断熱方向に直交な面Cとの成す角度である配向角φの平均値は、0°以上10°以下である。外包材3の内部における真空排気後の芯材2の密度は、芯材2が外包材3の内部に繊維間に空隙を有した真空空間を物理的に構成できる範囲内で280kg/m3以上である。
上記実施の形態1では、真空断熱材1について説明した。この真空断熱材1を搭載することにより、消費電力の小さな冷蔵庫の断熱箱6を提供することができる。ここでは、その特徴部分のみを説明する。その他の冷蔵庫の部分については、一般的な冷蔵庫に用いられている部分と違いがないため、説明を省略する。真空断熱材1についても、上記実施の形態1と同様な構成であるので、説明を省略する。
実施の形態2によれば、断熱箱6は、外箱8を備える。断熱箱6は、外箱8の内部に配置された内箱7を備える。上記実施の形態1の真空断熱材1は、外箱8と内箱7との間に断熱方向に直交な表裏面を挟んで配置される。
Claims (4)
- 繊維集合体からなる芯材と、
前記芯材を被覆する外包材と、
を備え、
前記外包材の内部が減圧密封され、断熱方向に対して熱を遮る真空断熱材であって、
前記芯材は、連続フィラメント法によって製造され、
前記芯材の平均繊維長は、前記外包材に物理的に収納できる範囲内で7cm以上であり、
前記芯材の繊維が延びる向きと断熱方向に直交な面との成す角度の平均値は、0°以上10°以下であり、
前記外包材の内部における前記芯材の密度は、前記芯材が前記外包材の内部に繊維間に空隙を有した真空空間を物理的に構成できる範囲内で280kg/m3以上である真空断熱材。 - 前記芯材の平均繊維長は、8cm以上9.5cm以下である請求項1に記載の真空断熱材。
- 前記芯材は、複数の繊維薄板を断熱方向に積層して板状に構成される請求項1又は2に記載の真空断熱材。
- 外箱と、前記外箱の内部に配置された内箱と、を備え、
請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の真空断熱材は、前記外箱と前記内箱との間に断熱方向に直交な表裏面を挟んで配置される断熱箱。
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AU2018406922A AU2018406922B2 (en) | 2018-01-31 | 2018-01-31 | Vacuum heat insulator and heat insulating box |
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CN201880087571.XA CN111656076A (zh) | 2018-01-31 | 2018-01-31 | 真空隔热件以及隔热箱 |
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JP2016035320A (ja) * | 2013-11-26 | 2016-03-17 | 三星電子株式会社Samsung Electronics Co.,Ltd. | 真空断熱材、断熱箱体及び冷蔵庫 |
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