WO2019128485A1 - 一种取栓导管 - Google Patents

一种取栓导管 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019128485A1
WO2019128485A1 PCT/CN2018/114551 CN2018114551W WO2019128485A1 WO 2019128485 A1 WO2019128485 A1 WO 2019128485A1 CN 2018114551 W CN2018114551 W CN 2018114551W WO 2019128485 A1 WO2019128485 A1 WO 2019128485A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
thrombus
bolting
tube
outer sheath
thrombectomy catheter
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/114551
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
韩建超
张琳琳
樊亚明
刘梦钦
史增佐
朱清
苗铮华
Original Assignee
上海微创心脉医疗科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 上海微创心脉医疗科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 上海微创心脉医疗科技股份有限公司
Priority to ES18897791T priority Critical patent/ES2938982T3/es
Priority to EP18897791.2A priority patent/EP3698740B1/en
Publication of WO2019128485A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019128485A1/zh

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B17/3205—Excision instruments
    • A61B17/3207—Atherectomy devices working by cutting or abrading; Similar devices specially adapted for non-vascular obstructions
    • A61B17/320758—Atherectomy devices working by cutting or abrading; Similar devices specially adapted for non-vascular obstructions with a rotating cutting instrument, e.g. motor driven
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B17/320016—Endoscopic cutting instruments, e.g. arthroscopes, resectoscopes
    • A61B17/32002—Endoscopic cutting instruments, e.g. arthroscopes, resectoscopes with continuously rotating, oscillating or reciprocating cutting instruments
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B17/3205—Excision instruments
    • A61B17/3207—Atherectomy devices working by cutting or abrading; Similar devices specially adapted for non-vascular obstructions
    • A61B17/320783—Atherectomy devices working by cutting or abrading; Similar devices specially adapted for non-vascular obstructions through side-hole, e.g. sliding or rotating cutter inside catheter
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/22—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
    • A61B2017/22038—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for with a guide wire
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/22—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
    • A61B2017/22038—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for with a guide wire
    • A61B2017/22039—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for with a guide wire eccentric
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/22—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
    • A61B2017/22079—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for with suction of debris
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B17/320016—Endoscopic cutting instruments, e.g. arthroscopes, resectoscopes
    • A61B17/32002—Endoscopic cutting instruments, e.g. arthroscopes, resectoscopes with continuously rotating, oscillating or reciprocating cutting instruments
    • A61B2017/320024—Morcellators, e.g. having a hollow cutting tube with an annular cutter for morcellating and removing tissue
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B17/320016—Endoscopic cutting instruments, e.g. arthroscopes, resectoscopes
    • A61B17/32002—Endoscopic cutting instruments, e.g. arthroscopes, resectoscopes with continuously rotating, oscillating or reciprocating cutting instruments
    • A61B2017/320032—Details of the rotating or oscillating shaft, e.g. using a flexible shaft
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B17/3205—Excision instruments
    • A61B17/3207—Atherectomy devices working by cutting or abrading; Similar devices specially adapted for non-vascular obstructions
    • A61B17/320758—Atherectomy devices working by cutting or abrading; Similar devices specially adapted for non-vascular obstructions with a rotating cutting instrument, e.g. motor driven
    • A61B2017/320775—Morcellators, impeller or propeller like means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2217/00—General characteristics of surgical instruments
    • A61B2217/002—Auxiliary appliance
    • A61B2217/005—Auxiliary appliance with suction drainage system

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a medical catheter, and more particularly to a thrombectomy catheter.
  • Deep venous thrombosis is a disease caused by abnormal blood clotting in the deep veins of the lower extremities. DVT leads to increased venous pressure, blocked blood flow, swelling and dysfunction of lower extremities, and the risk of thrombus detachment, and the detached thrombus can cause pulmonary embolism with blood flow to the pulmonary artery (pulmonary Embolism, PE). If DVT is not effectively treated in the acute phase, thrombosis, venous obstruction, loss of valve function, venous reflux and venous hypertension, post-thrombotic syndrome (post) Thrombosis syndrome (PTS), which threatens the survival of the limbs and threatens life safety.
  • post post-thrombotic syndrome
  • the drug can enter the blood system, effectively dissolve venous thrombosis, and significantly reduce the incidence of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.
  • drug prophylaxis such as hemorrhagic constitution, hemorrhagic diabetes, hemorrhagic stroke, neurosurgery, severe trauma, pleural hemorrhage, pelvic and lower extremity fractures caused by intracranial hemorrhage, and anticoagulant disorders. Such conditions may cause serious body bleeding and endanger the patient's life.
  • Catheter-directed thrombolysis CDT
  • thrombolytic drugs such as urokinase
  • urokinase a thrombolytic drug that can effectively reduce the amount of thrombus, early recovery of intravenous positive blood flow, relieve or relieve veins Obstruction protects the morphology and function of the venous valve, blocks the pathological process of PTS, and reduces the incidence of PTS.
  • CDT treatment of DVT thrombolysis time (mean thrombolysis time 53.4 hours), will lead to the following problems: long-term indwelling catheter, increase patient discomfort, prolong hospital stay; repeated blood draw, need close monitoring and high-level care; Cases with severe swelling and even endangering limb survival are not conducive to opening blood flow as soon as possible; bleeding risk of thrombolytic drugs; CDT is not suitable for patients with high bleeding risk (such as severe hypertension), and is not suitable for patients with childbirth and pregnancy.
  • thrombectomy is suitable for patients with DVT who have severe clinical symptoms but cannot use thrombolytic drugs.
  • the disadvantage is that the venous incision is an invasive operation, which is not suitable for patients with poor physical condition; the thrombectomy may destroy the function of the valve; there is residual thrombosis, and further thrombolysis and anticoagulation may cause wound complications.
  • PMT percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy
  • WO2011/024124 A1 discloses a mechanical thrombus removal device structure consisting of a catheter with a side hole at the top end, a spiral structure inside the catheter and a guide wire.
  • the spiral structure rotates at a high speed, in the catheter, guide Under the joint action of the wires, a negative pressure is formed, and a thrombus located near the side hole of the catheter is sucked into the catheter, and the spiral structure cooperates with the side hole of the catheter to cut the inhaled thrombus to achieve the purpose of the thrombus, and finally the thrombus is excreted.
  • the spiral structure rotates rapidly (40000 ⁇ 60000rpm), which will drive the guide wire to rotate at high speed.
  • Some blood substances (such as fibrin, floating thrombus, etc.) will be entangled in the blood exposed by the centrifugal force. On the surface of the silk, there is a risk of entanglement of the thrombus, which in turn causes the guide wire to break.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a thrombectomy catheter, which enables the mechanical thrombectomy system to quickly and continuously take the thrombus, and does not cause complications such as thrombus entanglement and wire breakage, and achieves rapid and continuous thrombectomy.
  • a bolting catheter which comprises a bolting head, a bolting knife, a transmission cable, a partition tube, an outer sheath tube and a tail end connecting member;
  • the chipping knife is a tubular hollow structure having at least one blade, the chipping knife being mounted inside the bolting head, the bolting knife and the transmission a distal end of the cable is fixedly connected, a proximal end of the bolting head is fixedly connected to a distal end of the outer sheath tube, and a proximal end of the outer sheath tube is fixedly connected with the tail end connecting member;
  • Nested on the outside of the transmission cable the proximal end of the partition tube is fixedly connected with the tail end connecting member, the chipping knife is sleeved on the outside of the partition tube;
  • the tail end connecting member is provided with a A side hole communicating with a cavity formed between the
  • the distal end of the partition tube is fixedly disposed with at least one side wing, and the fragmentation knife is sleeved outside the side wing.
  • the chipping knife completely covers the bolt hole on the bolting head in the axial direction.
  • the axial length of the side flaps is not less than the axial length of the bobbin blade.
  • the number of the side flaps is equal to the number of bolt holes.
  • the side flaps disposed on the partition tube are elongated sheets.
  • flank is a spiral flank
  • spiral flank has a cutting edge
  • the side hole is connected to a vacuum suction device, and the proximal end of the transmission cable is connected to the motor.
  • the outer surface of the partition tube is covered with a hydrophilic coating.
  • the opening angle of the plug hole is 60-120°, and for the venous thrombectomy catheter, the opening angle of the plug hole is 30-60°.
  • the plug head and the outer sheath tube are correspondingly provided with a guide wire cavity through which the guide wire can pass.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the thrombectomy catheter provided by the invention can make the mechanical thrombectomy system quickly and continuously take the thrombus without causing problems such as thrombus entanglement and wire breakage.
  • a disconnecting tube is arranged outside the transmission cable to prevent the thrombus from winding the transmission cable; in particular, the broken bolt knife and the partition tube.
  • the side flaps are arranged to prevent the thrombus driven by the high-speed rotating bolting knife from being wound around the partition tube, so as to achieve rapid and continuous bolting.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of a plugging catheter according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a plug head according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a connection structure of a bolt cutter and a transmission cable according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a partition pipe with a side flap according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view showing the end connector of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • 6a-6c are schematic structural views of bolt holes of different sizes according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7a-7h are schematic structural views of different shapes of bolt holes in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing a double cavity structure of a plug head according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing a double chamber structure of an outer sheath tube according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view of a partition tube having two spiral flank according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view showing the structure of a partition tube having three spiral flank according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the distal end refers to the end remote from the operator (such as a doctor);
  • the proximal end refers to the end that is close to the operator (such as a doctor).
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of a plugging catheter according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a plugging head according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view showing a connecting structure of a bolting knife and a transmission cable according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • 4 is a schematic structural view of a partition tube with a side flap in the embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the tail end connecting member in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the thrombectomy catheter provided in this embodiment includes a bolting head 1100, a bolting knife 1200, an outer sheath tube 1300, a tail end connecting member 1400, and a transmission cable 1500, as well as from the distal end to the proximal end.
  • the side flaps 1600 and the partition tubes 1700 disposed inside the outer sheath tube 1300 and the bolt removing head 1100 are shown in FIG.
  • the proximal end of the plucking head 1100 is coupled to the distal end of the outer sheath tube 1300, and the proximal end of the outer sheath tube 1300 is coupled to the distal end of the distal end connector 1400. As shown in FIG.
  • the proximal end of the outer sheath tube 1300 can be partially The ground is inserted into the cavity of the tail end connector 1400.
  • the outer sheath tube 1300 and the bolt take-up head 1100 do not rotate with it.
  • the outer sheath tube 1300 and the plucking head 1100 can also be integral, ie, the two are the same component.
  • the bolting head 1100 is a hollow member with at least one bolting hole 1110. Considering that the size of the single bolting hole is sufficient to smoothly inhale the blood clot and does not affect the firmness of the bolting head, the bolt head 1100 is taken. Preferably there are 2-3 tapping holes 1110.
  • the length of the plug hole 1110 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 2 to 3 mm, because if the bolt hole 1110 is too long, it means that the plug head 1100 is too large, so that the distal end of the plug catheter passes the ability to bend the blood vessel. If the bolt hole 1110 is too short, the larger size thrombus is difficult to enter the plug head, and the function of the bolt and the sucker can not be better.
  • the shredder knife 1200 is a tubular hollow structure with at least one blade 1210, and the number of blades 1210 is preferably the same as the number of bolt holes 1110 because the bolts are more efficient.
  • the chipping knife 1200 is fixed to the distal end of the transmission cable 1500 and installed inside the bolt removing head 1100 and completely covers the bolting hole 1110 in the axial direction (ie, the axial length of the bolting knife 1200 is not less than the axial direction of the bolting hole 1110).
  • the length) is such that at least one blade 1210 of the severing knife 1200 can be exposed from the plunging hole 1110 when rotated to a certain position;
  • the transmission cable 1500 is made of a monofilament structure or a multi-strand wire, and the motor ( The connection is not shown), and the bobbin cutter 1200 is rotated when the motor is started.
  • the transmission cable 1500 rotates, the outer sheath tube 1300 and the bolt receiving head 1100 do not rotate together, so that the bolt cutter 1200 and the bolt removing head 1100 rotate relative to each other, and the blade edge 1210 moves relative to the edge of the bolt receiving hole 1110, thereby causing the blade edge.
  • the 1210 is capable of cutting an object that approaches or enters the bolt hole 1110 to achieve the purpose of the bolt.
  • the partition tube 1700 is a thin-walled hollow tube member or a spiral hollow tube member wound by a plurality of wires, such as a hypotube, the proximal end of which is connected with the tail connecting member 1400. Referring to FIG. 5, the proximal end can be Inserted into the cavity of the tail connector 1400, it is held by the inner wall of the tail connector 1400 to remain fixed.
  • the partition pipe 1700 is sleeved on the outside of the transmission cable 1500, and the bolting knife 1200 is sleeved on the outside of the partition pipe 1700. When the transmission cable 1500 drives the bolt cutter 1200 to rotate, the partition pipe 1700 does not communicate with the transmission cable 1500.
  • the side flaps 1600 are elongated flaps that are secured to the distal end of the partition tube 1700 and are mounted inside the bobbin cutter 1200.
  • the side flaps 1600 are an elongate plane that lies in a plane in which the axis of rotation of the drive cable 1500 lies.
  • the extension of the side flaps passes through the axis of the partition tube 1700 as seen from the cross section of the partition tube 1700.
  • the partition tube 1700 has at least one side flap 1600, preferably with 2 to 3 side flaps 1600.
  • the number of side flaps 1600 is the same as the number of bolt holes 1110, because in this case, the side flaps 1600 can more effectively block the adhesion of the thrombus and the like.
  • the side flaps 1600 are precisely adapted to the inner diameter of the bobbin cutter 1200 to maintain as small a diameter gap as possible between the side flaps 1600 and the inner diameter of the shredder knife 1200. Due to the presence of the side flaps 1600, the annular chamber between the inner wall of the breaker knife 1200 and the outer wall of the partition tube 1700 is not a circumferentially communicating chamber.
  • the annular cavity in the bobbin cutter 1200 is divided into two cavities in the circumferential direction; if there is only one side flap 1600, the annular cavities in the bobbin cutter 1200 are separated in the circumferential direction. It is a cavity with a starting point and an ending point.
  • the axial length of the side flaps 1600 is not less than the axial length of the bobbin cutter 1200, preferably 0 to 1 mm longer than the bobbin cutter 1200.
  • the side flaps 1600 are as long as the fragmentation knife 1200, or slightly longer than the fragmentation knife 1200, and are better able to block the entanglement of blood viscous material.
  • the shape of the side flaps 1600 is preferably an elongated rectangle, and may be other shapes close to the elongated rectangle.
  • the bolting head 1100 and the bolting knife 1200 are made of sintered ceramics, cermet or titanium alloy, stainless steel, tungsten steel, etc.; the transmission cable 1500, the side wings 1600, and the partition tube 1700 are made of metal such as titanium alloy, stainless steel or tungsten steel. to make.
  • the outer sheath tube 1300 is a single layer or a multi-layer composite tube, the distal end of the outer sheath tube 1300 is connected to the proximal end of the plug connector 1100, and the proximal end of the outer sheath tube 1300 is connected to the distal end of the tail end connector 1400;
  • the connector 1400 has a side aperture 1410 that communicates with a cavity formed by the divider tube 1700 and the outer sheath tube 1300.
  • the bolting head 1100, the bolting knife 1200, the transmission cable 1500, the side wing 1600, the partition tube 1700, the outer sheath tube 1300 and the tail end connecting piece 1400 are prepared by machining, injection molding (extrusion) molding, laser engraving and the like; Please continue to refer to FIG. 3 to fix the distal end of the transmission cable 1500 to the inside of the closed end of the fragmentation knife 1200 by laser welding; please continue to refer to FIG. 4 to fix the side wing 1600 to the partition tube 1700 by laser welding; meanwhile, please continue to refer to FIG.
  • the fixed chipping knife 1200 is placed in the bolting head 1100; and at the same time, referring to FIG.
  • one end of the partitioning tube 1700 is fixed to the tubular cavity of the chipping knife 1200; and the glue or other connection is used as shown in FIG.
  • the distal end of the outer sheath tube 1300 is connected to the proximal end of the plug connector 1100, the proximal end of the outer sheath tube 1300 is connected to the tail end connector 1400, and the proximal end of the partition tube 1700 is fixed in the tail end connector 1400.
  • the thrombectomy head 1100 of the thrombectomy catheter 1000 is placed in physiological saline.
  • the side hole 1410 of the tail end connector 1400 is sucked using a syringe until the saline is stopped in the syringe to complete the system row.
  • the blood vessel is punctured, the thrombectomy catheter 1000 is delivered to the lesion (thrombus) site, and the side hole 1410 is connected by a 50 ml syringe (optional) for suction, and the motor (furnished) is driven by the transmission cable 1500.
  • the knife 1200 rotates, the partition tube 1700 and the bolt removing head 1100 do not rotate, and the rotating blade tip 1210 and the relatively stationary bolting hole 1110 can cut and smash the thrombus of the suction plug catheter 1000, under the protection of the partition tube 1700, the crushed Blood substances such as thrombus and fibrin do not adhere to the rotating drive cable 1500, preventing rotation of the drive cable 1500 from being blocked.
  • the side flaps 1600 blood substances such as thrombus and fibrin after pulverization are not easily entangled on the partition tube 1700.
  • the annular cavity in the dicing knife 1200 is separated by the side 1600, and is no longer a circumferential cavity that is connected in the circumferential direction, so that the viscous material has a certain difficulty in winding, and at the same time, due to the negative pressure at the side hole 1410. Suction, the viscous material is sucked away before being entangled and does not remain in the distal lumen.
  • the thrombectomy catheter 1000 is operated for a period of time, depending on the condition of the lesion, the thrombus mixture in the 50 ml syringe can be drained for multiple suctions. After the thrombus has been pumped, the motor is turned off and all devices are withdrawn from the body.
  • a peristaltic pump with a suction volume of 30-200 ml/min can be used to connect the side holes 1410 for thrombus aspiration.
  • a metal or non-metal coating (such as a hydrophilic coating) is added to the outer surface of the partition tube 1700 to prevent the thrombus after suction from adhering to the outer surface of the partition tube 1700.
  • the bolt hole 1110 can adjust the size of the opening and the side flaps 1600 and the cleaver 1200 to adjust the length direction to meet different bolting needs.
  • the intravascular use is better.
  • a large thrombectomy hole 1112 is used to increase the efficiency of thrombus extraction, and a smaller thrombectomy hole 1111 is used in the venous thrombus to protect the venous vessel wall.
  • the opening angle of the bolt hole is preferably 60-120°.
  • the opening angle of the bolt hole is preferably 30-60. °.
  • the opening angle of the bolting hole refers to the central angle of the arc corresponding to the bolt hole in the cross section (the section perpendicular to the axial direction) of the bolting head 1100.
  • the bolt hole 1110 can also be in various other configurations, as shown in FIGS. 7a, 7c, and 7e, and the plug holes 1110a and 1110b having a circular arc shape at both ends in the middle, 1110c, the opening direction can be set as needed; the circular bolting hole 1110d shown in Fig. 7b; the semicircular bolting hole 1110e shown in Fig. 7e; and the various types shown in Fig. 7f, Fig. 7g, Fig. 7h Shape, this embodiment does not limit the shape of the bolt hole 1110.
  • the bolting head 1800 is a double-chamber structure, which is a cavity communicating with the bolting hole 1810 and a guide wire cavity 1820, and the corresponding outer sheath tube is also a double-chamber outer sheath.
  • the tube 1900 is respectively a thrombus aspiration lumen 1910 and an outer sheath catheter lumen 1920.
  • the thrombus aspiration lumen 1910 is in communication with a cavity in which the thrombus hole 1810 is located, and the guidewire lumen 1820 and the outer sheath catheter lumen 1920 are connected. .
  • the guide wire lumen 1820 and the outer sheath guidewire lumen 1920 are passed through the guidewire during surgery to better direct the thrombectomy head 1800 to the lesion site.
  • the cavity in which the guide wire is located and the cavity in which the rotating structure (the transmission cable 1500, the bolting knife 1200, etc.) is located are not connected, and the two do not affect each other, thereby effectively preventing the guide wire from rotating with the system. , to eliminate the risk of thrombus wound guide wire and guide wire breakage.
  • two clockwise helical flank 1610 is secured to the partition tube 1710, and the helical flank 1610 has a cutting edge 1611, i.e., the outer side of the helical flank 1610 (not connected to the venting tube 1710).
  • One side is a sharp blade that cuts off the entangled blood material (fibrin, floating thrombus), further reducing the risk of thrombosis.
  • the three counterclockwise helical flank 1620 is secured to the occlusion tube 1720, and the outer side of the helical flank 1620 has a cutting edge 1621 that further reduces the risk of thrombus entanglement.
  • the thrombectomy catheter provided by the invention can make the mechanical thrombectomy system quickly and continuously take the thrombus without causing problems such as thrombus entanglement and wire breakage: specifically, there is no guide wire in the thrombus suction cavity, and the elimination is eliminated.

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Abstract

一种取栓导管（1000），包括取栓头（1100）、碎栓刀（1200）、传动线缆（1500）、隔断管（1700）、外鞘管（1300）和尾端连接件（1400）；取栓头（1100）为具有至少一取栓孔（1110、1111、1112）的管状中空结构，碎栓刀（1200）为具有至少一刀锋（1210）的管状镂空结构，碎栓刀（1200）安装在取栓头（1100）内部，碎栓刀（1200）与传动线缆（1500）的远端固定连接，取栓头（1100）的近端与外鞘管（1300）的远端固定连接，外鞘管（1300）的近端与尾端连接件（1400）固定连接；隔断管（1700）套设在传动线缆（1500）外部，隔断管（1700）的近端与尾端连接件（1400）固定连接，碎栓刀（1200）套设在隔断管（1700）的外部；尾端连接件（1400）设置有一侧孔（1410），侧孔（1410）与由隔断管（1700）和外鞘管（1300）之间形成的腔体联通。取栓导管（1000）的传动线缆（1500）外设置有隔断管（1700），防止血栓缠绕传动线缆（1500），实现快速连续取栓。

Description

一种取栓导管 技术领域
本发明涉及一种医用导管，尤其涉及一种取栓导管。
 背景技术
下肢深静脉血栓形成（deep venous thrombosis, DVT）是血液在下肢深静脉内不正常凝结引起的疾病。DVT导致静脉压力增高，血液回流受阻，出现下肢肿胀疼痛及功能障碍，并存在血栓脱落的风险，而脱落的血栓随着血流到达肺动脉，可引起肺栓塞（pulmonary embolism, PE）。DVT若在急性期未得到有效治疗，血栓机化，静脉梗阻，瓣膜功能丧失，静脉反流及静脉高压，形成血栓后综合征（post thrombosis syndrome, PTS），危及肢体生存、威胁生命安全。
通过口服或注射阿司匹林、肝素或华法林等，可以使药物进入血液系统，有效溶解静脉血栓，大幅降低深度静脉血栓和肺栓塞的发生率。但是药物预防治疗存在显著局限性，如对于易出血性体质，出血性糖尿病，出血性脑卒中，神经手术，严重的创伤，胸腔积血，颅内出血造成的盆骨和下肢骨折，抗凝血障碍等情况可能会造成严重机体出血，危及患者生命。
置管溶栓（catheter-directed thrombolysis，CDT），将溶栓药物（如尿激酶等）定向输送到血栓部位，可有效减少血栓负荷量，来早期恢复静脉内正向血流，解除或缓解静脉梗阻，保护静脉瓣膜形态和功能，阻断PTS发生的病理过程，降低PTS的发生率。但CDT治疗DVT溶栓时间长（平均溶栓时间53.4小时），会导致以下问题：长时间留置导管，增加病人的不适感，延长住院时间；反复抽血、需要密切监测和高级别护理；对于肿胀严重甚至危及肢体存活的病例，不利于尽快开通血流；溶栓药物的出血风险；CDT不适用于出血风险高的患者（如严重高血压等），不适合于分娩和妊娠的患者。
传统外科手术取栓适用于临床症状相当严重但不能使用溶栓药物的的DVT患者。其劣势在于：静脉切开取栓为有创操作，不适于身体情况较差的患者；取栓可能破坏瓣膜功能；有残余血栓，进一步溶栓抗凝易出现伤口并发症。
随着技术的发展，近年来出现了机械血栓清除（percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy，PMT）装置，它是一组用来清除血管内急性和亚急性血栓形成的器械，采用溶解、粉碎、抽吸方式清除血管内血栓，恢复血运循环和瓣膜功能。PMT是微创伤的腔内血栓清除装置，可以快速的清除血栓，恢复血流、挽救瓣膜功能。
WO2011/024124 A1公开了一种机械血栓清除装置结构，该结构由一根顶端有侧孔的导管、位于导管内部的螺旋结构及导丝组成，其工作时，螺旋结构高速旋转，在导管、导丝的共同作用下形成负压，将位于导管侧孔附近的血栓吸入导管内，且该螺旋结构与导管侧孔配合对吸入的血栓进行切削，达到碎栓的目的，最终将血栓排出体外。该装抽吸时螺旋结构转速很快（40000~60000rpm），会带动导丝一起高速旋转，部分血液物质（如纤维蛋白、漂浮血栓等）在离心力的作用下会缠绕在暴露于血液中的导丝表面，存在缠绕血栓，进而引起导丝断裂的风险。
因此，有必要提供一种新型取栓导管，可以有效阻止导丝随系统旋转，进而消除缠绕血栓和导丝断裂的风险。
 技术问题
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种取栓导管，使机械取栓系统快速连续取栓的同时，不产生血栓缠绕、导丝断裂等并发症问题，实现快速连续取栓。
 技术解决方案
本发明为解决上述技术问题而采用的技术方案是提供一种取栓导管，包括取栓头、碎栓刀、传动线缆、隔断管、外鞘管和尾端连接件；所述取栓头为具有至少一取栓孔的管状中空结构，所述碎栓刀为具有至少一刀锋的管状镂空结构，所述碎栓刀安装在所述取栓头内部，所述碎栓刀与所述传动线缆的远端固定连接，所述取栓头的近端与所述外鞘管的远端固定连接，所述外鞘管的近端与所述尾端连接件固定连接；所述隔断管套设在所述传动线缆外部，所述隔断管的近端与所述尾端连接件固定连接，所述碎栓刀套设在所述隔断管的外部；所述尾端连接件设置有一侧孔，所述侧孔与由隔断管和外鞘管之间形成的腔体联通。
进一步地，所述隔断管远端固定设置有至少一侧翼，所述碎栓刀套设在所述侧翼的外部。
进一步地，所述碎栓刀在轴向上完全覆盖所述取栓头上的取栓孔。
进一步地，所述侧翼的轴向长度不小于所述碎栓刀的轴向长度。
进一步地，所述侧翼的数量与取栓孔的数量相等。
进一步地，所述隔断管上设置的侧翼为狭长的片状物。
进一步地，所述侧翼为螺旋侧翼，且所述螺旋侧翼上带有刃口。
进一步地，所述侧孔与负压抽吸装置连接，所述传动线缆的近端与马达连接。
进一步地，所述隔断管外表面覆盖有亲水涂层。
进一步地，对于动脉取栓导管，取栓孔的开孔角度为60~120°，对于静脉取栓导管，取栓孔的开孔角度为30~60°。
进一步地，所述取栓头和外鞘管还对应设置有可供导丝通过的导丝腔。
 有益效果
本发明对比现有技术有如下的有益效果：本发明提供的取栓导管，可使机械取栓系统快速连续取栓的同时，不产生血栓缠绕、导丝断裂等问题。具体的，血栓抽吸腔内无导丝，消除了血栓缠绕导丝及导丝断裂的风险；传动线缆外设置有隔断管，防止血栓缠绕传动线缆；特别是碎栓刀与隔断管之间设置有侧翼，有效阻止高速旋转的碎栓刀带动的血栓缠绕在隔断管上，实现快速连续取栓。
 附图说明
图1为本发明实施例中取栓导管整体结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例中取栓头结构示意图；
图3为本发明实施例中碎栓刀和传动线缆的连接结构示意图；
图4为本发明实施例中带侧翼的隔断管结构示意图；
图5为本发明实施例中尾端连接件处的剖面示意图；
图6a-6c分别为本发明实施例中不同大小取栓孔的结构示意图；
图7a-7h分别为本发明实施例中取栓孔不同形状的结构示意图；
图8为本发明实施例中取栓头的双腔结构示意图；
图9为本发明实施例中外鞘管的双腔结构示意图；
图10为本发明实施例中有2个螺旋侧翼的隔断管结构示意图；
图11为本发明实施例中有3个螺旋侧翼的隔断管结构示意图。
 
图中：
Figure 542217dest_path_image001
 
 本发明的实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步的描述。在本发明中，远端指远离操作者(比如医生)的那一端；近端指靠近操作者(比如医生)的那一端。
图1为本发明实施例中取栓导管整体结构示意图；图2为本发明实施例中取栓头结构示意图；图3为本发明实施例中碎栓刀和传动线缆的连接结构示意图；图4为本发明实施例中带侧翼的隔断管结构示意图；图5为本发明实施例中尾端连接件处的剖面示意图。
请参见图1，本实施例中提供的取栓导管从远端到近端依次包括取栓头1100、碎栓刀1200、外鞘管1300、尾端连接件1400及传动线缆1500，以及如图4所示的设置于外鞘管1300和取栓头1100内部的侧翼1600和隔断管1700。取栓头1100的近端与外鞘管1300的远端连接，外鞘管1300的近端与尾端连接件1400的远端连接，如图5所示，外鞘管1300的近端可部分地插入尾端连接件1400的腔内。传动线缆1500旋转时，外鞘管1300和取栓头1100不随之旋转。外鞘管1300和取栓头1100也可以是一体的，即二者为同一部件。
请参见图2，取栓头1100为中空构件，并带有至少一个取栓孔1110，考虑单个取栓孔的大小足以顺畅地吸入血栓，并且不影响取栓头的坚固性，取栓头1100优选带有2-3个取栓孔1110。取栓孔1110的长度无特别的限定，但优选2~3mm，这是由于如果取栓孔1110过长，则意味着取栓头1100过大，使得取栓导管的远端通过弯曲血管的能力变差；如果取栓孔1110过短，则尺寸较大的血栓难以进入取栓头中，无法更好地起到碎栓、吸栓的作用。
请参见图3，碎栓刀1200为管状镂空结构并带有至少一个刀锋1210，刀锋1210的数量优选与取栓孔1110的数量相同，因为这样碎栓的效率更高。碎栓刀1200固定在传动线缆1500的远端并安装在取栓头1100内部并在轴向完全覆盖取栓孔1110（即碎栓刀1200的轴向长度不小于取栓孔1110的轴向长度），使得碎栓刀1200的至少一个刀锋1210在旋转到某一位置时可从取栓孔1110中露出；传动线缆1500为单丝结构或多股丝捻制而成，其与马达（未图示）等连接，启动马达时带动碎栓刀1200旋转。同时由于传动线缆1500旋转时，外鞘管1300和取栓头1100不随之旋转，导致碎栓刀1200与取栓头1100相对旋转，刀锋1210与取栓孔1110的边缘相对运动，从而使得刀锋1210能够对靠近或进入取栓孔1110的物体进行切割，从而达到碎栓的目的。
请参见图4，隔断管1700为薄壁中空管件或由多根丝线绕制而成的螺旋中空管件，例如海波管，其近端与尾部连接件1400连接，参见图5，其近端可插入尾部连接件1400的腔内，由尾部连接件1400的内壁夹持，从而保持固定。隔断管1700套设在传动线缆1500的外部，同时碎栓刀1200套设在隔断管1700的外部，当传动线缆1500带动碎栓刀1200旋转时，由于隔断管1700不与传动线缆1500或碎栓刀1200连接，因此隔断管1700不随之旋转。侧翼1600为狭长的片状物，固定在隔断管1700的远端并安装在碎栓刀1200内部。在一个实施例中，侧翼1600为一个狭长的平面，其所在的平面是传动线缆1500的旋转轴所在的平面。换言之，从隔断管1700的横截面上看，侧翼的延长线通过隔断管1700的轴心。隔断管1700至少带有一个侧翼1600，优选带有2~3个侧翼1600，更优选侧翼1600的数量与取栓孔1110的数量相同，因为这样的话，侧翼1600能够更有效地阻断血栓等粘稠物的缠绕。侧翼1600与碎栓刀1200内径精确适配，从而使侧翼1600与碎栓刀1200内径之间保持尽可能小的直径间隙。由于侧翼1600的存在，碎栓刀1200的内壁与隔断管1700的外壁之间的环形腔不是一个周向上联通的腔。例如，如果存在2个侧翼1600，碎栓刀1200内的环形腔就在周向上被分隔为2个腔；如果只有1个侧翼1600，碎栓刀1200内的环形腔就在周向上就被分隔为1个有起点和终点的腔。为了更好地起到分隔作用，侧翼1600的轴向长度不小于碎栓刀1200的轴向长度，优选比碎栓刀1200长0~1mm。这是由于碎栓刀1200旋转会带动取栓导管内的含血栓的血液呈旋涡状旋转，血液在向取栓导管的近端运动的过程中，仍会保持旋转一段距离，因此起分隔作用的侧翼1600与碎栓刀1200一样长，或略长于碎栓刀1200的话，能够更好地起到阻断血液粘稠物缠绕的作用。侧翼1600的形状优选为狭长的矩形，也可以为接近于狭长矩形的其他形状。
取栓头1100、碎栓刀1200由烧结陶瓷、金属陶瓷或钛合金、不锈钢、钨钢等金属制成；传动线缆1500、侧翼1600、隔断管1700由钛合金、不锈钢或钨钢等金属制成。外鞘管1300为单层或多层复合管材，外鞘管1300的远端与取栓头1100的近端连接，外鞘管1300的近端与尾端连接件1400的远端连接；尾端连接件1400具有侧孔1410，侧孔1410与由隔断管1700和外鞘管1300形成的腔体联通。
通过机械加工、注塑（挤出）成型、激光雕刻等加工方法制作取栓头1100、碎栓刀1200、传动线缆1500、侧翼1600、隔断管1700、外鞘管1300及尾端连接件1400；请继续参见图3将传动线缆1500远端通过激光焊接固定在碎栓刀1200封闭端内部；请继续参见图4将侧翼1600通过激光焊接固定在隔断管1700上；同时请继续参见图2将固定好的碎栓刀1200置于取栓头1100内；同时参见图3将隔断管1700固定好侧翼1600的一端置于碎栓刀1200的管状空腔内；同时参见图5使用胶水或其他连接手段将外鞘管1300的远端与取栓头1100近端连接，将外鞘管1300的近端与尾端连接件1400相连，将隔断管1700近端固定在尾端连接件1400内。
手术开始前，将取栓导管1000的取栓头1100放置于生理盐水中，参见图5使用注射器抽吸尾端连接件1400的侧孔1410，直到注射器中可见生理盐水停止抽吸，完成系统排空；手术过程中，穿刺血管，将取栓导管1000送达病变（血栓）部位，用50ml注射器（另配）连接侧孔1410进行抽吸，马达（另配）通过传动线缆1500带动碎栓刀1200旋转，隔断管1700与取栓头1100不旋转，旋转的刀锋1210和相对静止的取栓孔1110可对吸入取栓导管1000的血栓切削粉碎，在隔断管1700的保护下，粉碎后的血栓和纤维蛋白等血液物质不会附着在旋转的传动线缆1500上，避免了传动线缆1500的旋转受阻。同时在侧翼1600的阻挡下，粉碎后的血栓和纤维蛋白等血液物质也不易缠绕在隔断管1700上。这是由于碎栓刀1200内的环形腔被侧翼1600分隔，不再是一个周向上联通的环形腔，这样粘稠物在缠绕时就有一定的难度，同时由于侧孔1410处的负压抽吸，粘稠物在缠绕附着之前就被吸走，不会滞留在远端的管腔内。取栓导管1000工作一段时间之后，根据病变情况，可将50ml注射器中的血栓混合液倒掉进行多次抽吸。血栓抽吸完毕后，关闭马达，将所有器件一同撤出人体。
可选地，可用抽吸量30-200ml/min的蠕动泵连接在侧孔1410上进行血栓抽吸。
可选地，隔断管1700外表面添加金属或非金属涂层（比如亲水涂层），防止抽吸后的血栓粘附在隔断管1700外表面。
可选地，参见图6，取栓孔1110可根据需要调整开孔大小及侧翼1600、碎栓刀1200进行对应的长度方向调节，以适应不同的取栓需要，优选地，动脉血管内使用较大的取栓孔1112以提高血栓取出效率，静脉血栓内使用较小的取栓孔1111以保护静脉血管壁。对于适用于动脉血管的取栓导管来说，取栓孔的开孔角度优选为60~120°，对于适用于静脉血管的取栓导管来说，取栓孔的开孔角度优选为30~60°。所述取栓孔的开孔角度是指，在取栓头1100的横截面（与轴向垂直的截面）上，取栓孔所对应的弧的圆心角。
在其它实施例中，参见图7，取栓孔1110还可以是其他多种构型，如图7a、7c、7e所示，中间为长方形两端为圆弧形的取栓孔1110a、1110b、1110c，开孔方向可以根据需要进行设置；图7b所示的圆形取栓孔1110d；图7e所示的半圆形取栓孔1110e；及图7f、图7g、图7h所示的多种形状，本实施例对取栓孔1110的形状不做限制。
在其它实施例中，参见图8、图9，取栓头1800为双腔结构，分别为与取栓孔1810相通的空腔、导丝腔1820，对应的外鞘管亦为双腔外鞘管1900，分别为血栓抽吸腔1910、外鞘管导丝腔1920，血栓抽吸腔1910与取栓孔1810所在的空腔相连通，导丝腔1820和外鞘管导丝腔1920相贯通。导丝腔1820、外鞘管导丝腔1920手术时供导丝通过，以便更好地指引取栓头1800达到病变位置。采用这样的结构时，导丝所在的空腔和旋转结构（传动线缆1500、碎栓刀1200等）所在的空腔不联通，二者不会相互影响，从而可以有效防止导丝随系统旋转，消除血栓缠绕导丝和导丝断裂的风险。
在其它实施例中，参见图10隔断管1710上固定有两个顺时针方向螺旋侧翼1610，且螺旋侧翼1610上带有刃口1611，即，螺旋侧翼1610的外侧（不与隔断管1710连接的一侧）为锐利的刀刃，可以切断缠绕的血液物质（纤维蛋白、漂浮血栓），进一步降低血栓缠绕的风险。
在其它实施例中，参见图11隔断管1720上固定有三个逆时针方向螺旋侧翼1620，且螺旋侧翼1620的外侧上带有刃口1621,更进一步降低血栓缠绕的风险。
综上所述，本发明提供的取栓导管，可使机械取栓系统快速连续取栓的同时，不产生血栓缠绕、导丝断裂等问题：具体地，血栓抽吸腔内无导丝，消除了血栓缠绕导丝及导丝断裂的风险；传动线缆外设置有隔断管，防止血栓缠绕传动线缆；碎栓刀与隔断管之间设置有侧翼，有效阻止高速旋转的碎栓刀带动的血栓缠绕在隔断管上，实现快速连续取栓。
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭示如上，然其并非用以限定本发明，任何本领域技术人员，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内，当可作些许的修改和完善，因此本发明的保护范围当以权利要求书所界定的为准。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种取栓导管，其特征在于，包括取栓头、碎栓刀、传动线缆、隔断管、外鞘管和尾端连接件；
    所述取栓头为具有至少一取栓孔的管状中空结构，所述碎栓刀为具有至少一刀锋的管状镂空结构，所述碎栓刀安装在所述取栓头内部，所述碎栓刀与所述传动线缆的远端固定连接，所述取栓头的近端与所述外鞘管的远端固定连接，所述外鞘管的近端与所述尾端连接件固定连接；
    所述隔断管套设在所述传动线缆外部，所述隔断管的近端与所述尾端连接件固定连接，所述碎栓刀套设在所述隔断管的外部；
    所述尾端连接件设置有一侧孔，所述侧孔与由隔断管和外鞘管之间形成的腔体联通。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的取栓导管，其特征在于，所述隔断管远端固定设置有至少一侧翼，所述碎栓刀套设在所述侧翼的外部。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的取栓导管，其特征在于，所述碎栓刀在轴向上完全覆盖所述取栓头上的取栓孔。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的取栓导管，其特征在于，所述侧翼的轴向长度不小于所述碎栓刀的轴向长度。
  5. 如权利要求2所述的取栓导管，其特征在于，所述侧翼的数量与取栓孔的数量相等。
  6. 如权利要求2所述的取栓导管，其特征在于，所述隔断管上设置的侧翼为狭长的片状物。
  7. 如权利要求2所述的取栓导管，其特征在于，所述侧翼为螺旋侧翼，且所述螺旋侧翼上带有刃口。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的取栓导管，其特征在于，所述侧孔与负压抽吸装置连接，所述传动线缆的近端与马达连接。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的取栓导管，其特征在于，所述隔断管外表面覆盖有亲水涂层。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的取栓导管，其特征在于，对于动脉取栓导管，取栓孔的开孔角度为60~120°，对于静脉取栓导管，取栓孔的开孔角度为30~60°。
  11. 如权利要求1所述的取栓导管，其特征在于，所述取栓头和外鞘管还对应设置有可供导丝通过的导丝腔。
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