WO2019128264A1 - 一种单喷头压紧式3d打印机及其打印方法 - Google Patents

一种单喷头压紧式3d打印机及其打印方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019128264A1
WO2019128264A1 PCT/CN2018/101800 CN2018101800W WO2019128264A1 WO 2019128264 A1 WO2019128264 A1 WO 2019128264A1 CN 2018101800 W CN2018101800 W CN 2018101800W WO 2019128264 A1 WO2019128264 A1 WO 2019128264A1
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Prior art keywords
printing
platform
layer
printer
print
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PCT/CN2018/101800
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English (en)
French (fr)
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武桢
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广东科达洁能股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2019128264A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019128264A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of 3D printers, and more particularly to a single-head press-type 3D printer and a printing method thereof.
  • 3D printing is a kind of rapid prototyping technology. It is a technique for constructing objects by layer-by-layer printing based on digital model files and using adhesive materials such as powder metal or plastic.
  • the 3D printer By reading the cross-sectional information in the document, the 3D printer prints the sections layer by layer with a liquid, powder or sheet material, and then bonds the layers in various ways to create an entity.
  • This technology is characterized in that it can produce almost any shape of the item.
  • 3D printing is often used to make models in the fields of mold manufacturing, industrial design, etc., and is gradually used for direct manufacturing of some products. Parts that have been printed using this technology have been used.
  • the technology is used in the jewelry, footwear, industrial design, construction, engineering and construction (AEC), automotive, aerospace, dental and medical industries, education, geographic information systems, civil engineering, firearms and other fields.
  • General 3D printers use printhead layer-by-layer printing.
  • the printer reads the above information and uses the liquid, powder or sheet material to make the cross-section information.
  • the layers are printed and the layers are bonded together in various ways to form a printed article.
  • the degree of adhesion between each printed layer and the gap between the powder particles may affect the roughness and strength of the surface of the printed article after molding, and the excessive voids between the powder particles may cause serious consequences such as shrinkage deformation or even cracking.
  • CN201610583348.7 discloses a novel 3D printer, which discloses a novel 3D printer, comprising a computer, a carbon dioxide laser and a microprocessor, a microprocessor is arranged on the right side of the computer, and a carbon dioxide laser is arranged under the computer.
  • the right end of the carbon dioxide laser is provided with a laser emitting tube
  • a scanning mirror is arranged on the right side of the laser emitting tube
  • a signal receiver is arranged below the scanning mirror
  • the signal receiver is mounted on the sliding plate
  • the left and right ends of the sliding plate are provided with a sliding slot.
  • a spray head is arranged under the slide plate, and a hot press roll is arranged under the spray head.
  • the hot press roll can be quickly heated during printing, so that the quickly printed material is quickly dried, and the lower part of the hot press roll is provided with processing lifting.
  • a 3D imaging device is disposed on the left and right sides of the processing elevator.
  • the air press can lower the mold tray through the telescopic rod, which is convenient for the next layer to be stacked, thereby speeding up the printing speed.
  • this invention does not solve the problem of reducing the gap between the powder particles in the printed article, and the strength of the printed article after molding is low.
  • a single-nozzle compact type 3D printer and a printing method thereof which can be suitable for printing products made of powder materials, in particular, for printing metal molds, ceramics, knives, kitchen utensils and the like.
  • One of the objects of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art and to provide a single-nozzle compression type 3D printer which is capable of flattening and pressing a single-layer printing layer by providing a squeegee device, a pressure roller and a laser device.
  • the laser device performs laser melting processing on the upper surface of the printing layer, so that the printing head is closely connected with the upper layer when performing the next layer printing.
  • a single-nozzle compression type 3D printer comprising a printer holder disposed in a vacuum chamber, the printer holder being provided with an adjustable height print head, the printer rack being disposed above a printing platform carrying printed articles, a relative movement between the printing frame and the printing platform, the printing platform being horizontally reciprocable relative to the printer frame; or the printer frame being horizontally reciprocable relative to the printing platform;
  • the print head comprises a colloid nozzle and a powder feeding device, the colloid nozzle ejects a glue droplet for bonding the powder, and the powder feeding device sprays the raw material powder of the printed article onto the glue droplet
  • the print head performs layer-by-layer printing of printed items on the printing platform;
  • the printer further includes a printing platform rack, the printing platform is disposed on the printing platform rack, the printing platform includes a fixed platform and a mobile platform, and the mobile platform is disposed adjacent to the fixed platform, the mobile platform Forming a printing cavity between the upper and lower movements and the fixed platform, the printing head performs printing in the printing cavity;
  • the printing platform frame is further provided with a pressing roller, and the pressing roller is placed on the printing platform, The pressing roller rolls in a direction in which the printing head runs, and the pressing roller performs a pressing process on the printed article;
  • a squeegee device is disposed on the printer frame, the squeegee device is disposed along a direction in which the print head is operated, the squeegee device is disposed on one side or both sides of the print head, and the squeegee device is located The printed item outside the printing chamber is scraped off.
  • the printer frame is further provided with a suction device, the suction device is disposed on one side of the squeegee device in a direction in which the printing nozzle is operated, and the suction device will scrape the glue droplets And the powder is sucked away.
  • the print heads are respectively provided with at least one of the squeegee means and one of the suction means on both sides in the running direction thereof. That is, a scraper device and a suction device are provided on the left and right sides of the print head to realize the flattening process and the suction process in the reciprocating process.
  • the printer frame is further provided with a laser device, the laser device is disposed adjacent to the printing nozzle, and the laser device performs laser melting processing on the surface of the printed article, so that the printing nozzle performs the next layer printing. A close connection with the previous layer.
  • the fixed platform comprises a left fixed platform and a right fixed platform
  • the mobile platform is disposed between the left fixed platform and the right fixed platform
  • the printing chamber is formed between the heights of the printing chambers as a function of the up and down movement of the moving platform.
  • a polygonal through hole is disposed in the middle of the fixed platform, and the shape of the moving platform is the same as the shape of the through hole, and the moving platform is placed in the through hole and abuts against an inner wall of the through hole.
  • the fixed platform and the moving platform are in contact with a guiding structure and a height detector
  • the guiding structure is a guiding rail structure
  • the height detector determines by detecting a distance moved by the moving platform. The height of the printing chamber.
  • the fixing platform is provided with a limiting structure, and the limiting structure is disposed on a sidewall of the fixed platform, and the limiting structure prevents the moving platform from leaving the printing cavity.
  • the mobile platform is circular
  • the printer frame is provided with a center bracket
  • the center bracket is located directly above the printing platform
  • the central bracket is connected with a printing robot arm, a scraper robot arm and a pressure roller machine.
  • An arm, the printing robot arm, the squeegee robot arm and the pressure roller robot arm rotate relative to the moving platform about the center bracket;
  • the print head is mounted on the printing robot arm, the squeegee
  • the device is mounted on the squeegee robot arm, and the pressure roller robot arm is mounted with a pressure roller, the print nozzle, the squeegee device and the pressure roller are at the same distance from the center bracket, and the printing nozzle and the squeegee
  • the distance between the device and the pressure roller and the center bracket can be adjusted.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a printing method for the above 3D printer, and the technical solution adopted is as follows:
  • a printing method of a printer comprising the following steps:
  • the print command drives the print head to perform a reciprocating linear motion or a rotary motion with respect to the print platform; or the print command drives the print platform to perform a reciprocating linear motion with respect to the print head or Rotational motion
  • the print command drives the print head to operate simultaneously, and the print head prints an item layer along the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction of the moving platform in the printing chamber Or rotating the printed article layer along the center of the moving platform, the squeegee device scraping the printed article located outside the printing cavity with the operation of the printing head; the printing cavity is printed in one layer After the layer of the article, the moving platform rises to move a part of the article layer upwards, and the pressing roller runs forward along the trajectory of the printing nozzle, and the pressing roller performs rolling pressing treatment on the raised article layer;
  • the layer of the article after being pressed by the pressing roller moves down into the printing cavity as the moving platform descends, and the height of the article layer is lower than the height of the printing cavity, and the height of the printing nozzle is adjusted at the height
  • the next layer of printing continues on the item layer in the printing chamber.
  • the glue nozzle for bonding the powder is sprayed onto the moving platform by the gel nozzle, and then the powder feeding device sprays the raw material powder of the printed article to the On the glue drops, the layers of the articles are bonded and fixed by the above-mentioned glue droplets.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
  • the printing nozzle of the invention prints an item layer in the printing cavity, and the squeegee device scrapes off the printed item located outside the printing cavity with the operation of the printing head; after the printing layer completes the layer of the item, the moving platform rises The article layer is moved up a part, the pressure roller runs forward in the direction in which the printing nozzle runs, and the pressing roller performs rolling pressing treatment on the raised article; the single layer printing layer is flattened and pressed by the squeegee device and the pressing roller, The gap between the powder particles in the printed article can be compressed to be smaller, the bonding between the powder particles is made closer, and the gap between the powder particles is prevented from being excessively caused to cause shrinkage deformation or even cracking.
  • the printing cavity of the invention is formed between the moving platform and the fixed platform, and the depth of the printing cavity is adjusted by adjusting the height of the moving platform, and according to different printing article requirements, setting a suitable printing cavity height to print the item layer, ensuring each The gap between the powder particles in the layer of the layer does not cause looseness of the layer of the article due to the excessive height of the layer of the article.
  • the printing frame is further provided with a laser device, and the laser device is disposed adjacent to the printing nozzle. The laser device laser-melts the surface of the printed article, so that the printing nozzle is more closely adhered to the upper layer when performing the next layer printing. .
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of a printhead disclosed in the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a front elevational view showing a first embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 is a top plan view of a first embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4 is a top plan view of a second embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural view of a third embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 is a top plan view of a third embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the present invention discloses a single-nozzle compression type 3D printer, comprising a printer frame 2 disposed in a vacuum chamber, wherein the printer frame 2 is provided with an adjustable height print head 1,
  • the print head 1 can be moved up and down, the printer rack 2 is disposed above a printing platform carrying printed articles, and the printer rack 2 and the printing platform can move relative to each other, and the printing platform can be opposite to the printer rack 2 horizontally reciprocating, or the printer holder 2 is horizontally reciprocable relative to the printing platform;
  • the printing head 1 comprises a colloid nozzle and a powder feeding device, wherein the colloid nozzle comprises a colloid conveying device 131 and a colloid nozzle 141, the powder feeding device includes a powder conveying device 111 that ejects a glue droplet for bonding the powder, and a powder nozzle 121 that ejects the raw material powder of the printed article to the On the glue drop, the print head performs layer-by-layer printing of printed items on the printing platform.
  • the printer further includes a printing platform frame 6 disposed on the printing platform frame 6, the printing platform including a fixed platform 8 and a mobile platform 10, the movement The platform 10 is disposed adjacent to the fixed platform 8, the moving platform 10 moves up and down to form a printing cavity 101 between the fixed platform 8, and the printing head 1 performs printing in the printing cavity 101; the printing platform machine A pressure roller 7 is further mounted on the frame 6, the pressure roller 7 is placed on the printing platform, and the pressure roller 7 rolls in a direction in which the printing head 1 runs.
  • both ends of the pressure roller 7 are along the The chute on the printing platform frame 6 is moved, and the pressing roller 7 presses the printed article.
  • a squeegee device 3 is disposed on the printer frame 2, the squeegee device 3 is disposed along a direction in which the print head 1 is operated, the squeegee device 3 and the print head 1 are spaced apart, and the squeegee device 3 is disposed at One or both sides of the print head, the squeegee device 3 scrapes off printed items located outside the print chamber 101.
  • the printer holder 2 is further provided with a suction device 4, which is disposed on one side of the squeegee device 3 in the direction in which the print head 1 is operated, and the suction device 4 will be scraped off. The glue drops and the powder are sucked away.
  • the suction device 4 may employ a vacuum pump.
  • the print head 1 is provided with at least one of the squeegee device 3 and one of the suction devices 4 on both sides in its running direction.
  • a squeegee device 3 and a suction device 4 are provided on the left and right sides of the print head 1, to achieve a flattening process and a suction process in the reciprocating process.
  • the moving platform 10 After printing a layer of articles in the printing cavity 101, the moving platform 10 is raised to move a part of the article up, the pressing roller 7 runs forward in the direction in which the printing head 1 runs, and the pressing roller 7 rolls and presses the raised layer of the article.
  • the flattening and compacting treatment of the single-layer printing layer by the squeegee device 3 and the pressing roller 7 can reduce the gap between the powder particles in the printed article, and make the bonding between the powder particles more compact. Avoid excessive consequences such as shrinkage deformation or even cracking due to excessive voids between powder particles.
  • the surface of the article layer is made smoother to facilitate the printing stack of the next layer.
  • the printing cavity 101 of the present invention is formed between the moving platform 10 and the fixed platform 8.
  • the depth of the printing cavity 101 is adjusted by adjusting the height of the moving platform 10, and the appropriate printing cavity 101 is set to be highly printed according to different printing article requirements.
  • the layer of articles ensures that the gap between the powder particles in each layer of the article does not cause looseness of the layer of the article due to the excessive height of the layer of the article.
  • the fixed platform 8 and the moving platform 10 are in contact with a guiding structure and a height detector.
  • the guiding structure is a guiding channel structure, and the guiding structure can ensure that the moving platform 10 does not occur during moving up and down.
  • Position offset the level of the moving platform 10 remains unchanged, the height detector determines the height of the printing cavity 101 by detecting the distance moved by the moving platform 10, and the height detector prints the material composition of the article according to actual needs. The height of each layer of the article is determined to adjust the depth of the printing chamber 101.
  • a fixing structure 9 is disposed on the fixing platform 8 , and the limiting structure 9 is disposed on a sidewall of the fixing platform 8 , and the limiting structure 9 prevents the moving platform 10 from leaving the printing cavity 101 , ie The height of the mobile platform 10 is prevented from being higher than the height of the fixed platform 8.
  • the fixed platform 8 includes a left fixed platform and a right fixed platform
  • the mobile platform 101 is disposed between the left fixed platform and the right fixed platform
  • the printing chamber 101 is formed between the fixed platform and the right fixed platform, and the height of the printing chamber 101 changes with the up and down movement of the moving platform 10.
  • the printer frame 2 is further provided with a laser device 5 disposed adjacent to the printing head 1, and the laser device 5 performs laser melting processing on the surface of the printed article, so that the printing nozzle performs the next layer printing and the previous one. Tight connections between layers.
  • the printer acquires the print data information of the item and transmits it to the controller; the controller generates a corresponding print instruction according to the print data information; the print instruction drives the print head 1 to move the layer of the printed item layer along the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction of the moving platform 10 While the printing instruction drives the printing head 1 to operate, the squeegee device 3 scrapes off the printed item located outside the printing cavity 101 along with the operation of the printing head 1; After the printing of one layer of the article is completed, the moving platform 10 is raised to move a part of the article layer upward, and the pressing roller 7 runs forward in the direction in which the printing head 1 runs, and the pressing roller 7 pairs the raised article.
  • the layer of the article subjected to the pressing process of the pressing roller moves down into the printing chamber 101 as the moving platform 10 descends, and the height of the article layer is lower than the height of the printing chamber 101,
  • the print head 1 continues the next layer of printing on the item layer within the print chamber 101.
  • the surface of the layer of the upper layer is laser-melted by the laser device 5, so that the two layers of the article are more closely combined, and the layers of the articles are bonded by glue droplets and laser. fixed.
  • a polygonal through hole is disposed in the middle of the fixed platform 8 of the embodiment, and the shape of the moving platform 10 is the same as the shape of the through hole, and the moving platform 10 is placed.
  • the through hole is in close contact with the inner wall of the through hole.
  • a printing chamber 101 is formed between the moving platform 10 and the inner wall of the through hole, and the printing head 1 realizes reciprocating layer-by-layer printing in the printing chamber 101.
  • the moving platform 10 of the embodiment is circular, and the fixed platform 8 is provided with a circular through hole, and the moving platform 10 moves up and down in the circular through hole. And the inner wall of the circular through hole is closely attached, the printer frame 2 is provided with a center bracket 20, and the center bracket 20 is directly above the printing platform, and the central bracket 20 is connected with a printing robot arm and a scraper.
  • the printing robot arm, the squeegee robot arm and the pressure roller robot arm rotate relative to the moving platform about the center frame 20;
  • the print head 1 is mounted on the printing On the robot arm, the squeegee device 3 is mounted on the squeegee robot arm, and the pressure roller robot arm is mounted with a pressure roller 7, the print head 1, the squeegee device 3 and the pressure roller 7 and the
  • the distance of the center stand 20 is always the same, and the distance between the print head 1, the squeegee device 3 and the press roll 7 and the center stand 20 can be adjusted.
  • the print head 1 performs layer-by-layer printing in the printing chamber 101, and the height of the printing chamber 101 can be changed as the moving platform 10 is lifted and lowered, and the squeegee device 3 and the press roller 7 device achieve flattening and pressing of the article layer.
  • the distance between the printing head 1, the squeegee device 3, the pressure roller 7 and the center bracket 20 it is possible to print the articles in different radius regions on the moving platform 10, and complete the printing of the annular and columnar articles, and at the same time pass
  • the height of the print head 1 is adjusted to achieve layer-by-layer printing.
  • This embodiment discloses a printing method of a printer, and the printing method includes the following steps:
  • the print command drives the print head to perform a reciprocating linear motion or a rotary motion with respect to the print platform; or the print command drives the print platform to perform a reciprocating linear motion with respect to the print head or Rotational motion
  • the print command drives the print head to operate simultaneously, and the print head prints an item layer along the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction of the moving platform in the printing chamber Or rotating the printed article layer along the center of the moving platform, the squeegee device scraping the printed article located outside the printing cavity with the operation of the printing head; the printing cavity is printed in one layer After the layer of the article, the moving platform rises to move a part of the article layer upwards, and the pressing roller runs forward along the trajectory of the printing nozzle, and the pressing roller performs rolling pressing treatment on the raised article layer;
  • the printing head is in the printing The next layer of printing continues on the item layer in the cavity.
  • the glue nozzle for bonding the powder is sprayed onto the moving platform by the gel nozzle, and then the powder feeding device sprays the raw material powder of the printed article to the On the glue drops, the layers of the articles are bonded and fixed by the above-mentioned glue droplets.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种单喷头压紧式3D打印机，打印机架上设置一个可调节高度的打印喷头，打印机架和打印平台之间可相对运动，打印喷头包括胶体喷头和给粉装置，其中，胶体喷头包括胶体输送装置和胶体喷嘴，胶体喷头喷射用于粘结粉体的胶滴，给粉装置将打印物品的原料粉体喷射到胶滴上；打印平台包括固定平台和移动平台，移动平台上下移动与固定平台之间形成打印腔，打印喷头在打印腔内进行打印。该打印机还通过设置刮板装置、压辊和激光装置，对单层打印层进行刮平和压紧处理，同时激光装置对打印层的表面进行激光熔融处理，使不同物品层之间进行连接紧密，防止出现粉末粒子之间的空隙过大造成的收缩变形甚至开裂等严重后果。

Description

一种单喷头压紧式3D打印机及其打印方法 技术领域
本发明涉及3D打印机领域，特别是涉及一种单喷头压紧式3D打印机及其打印方法。
背景技术
现有技术中，金属模具、陶瓷用品、刀具、厨具等物品的制造采用传统砂模法等手段生产，效率很低，成本高。
3D打印是快速成型技术的一种，它是一种以数字模型文件为基础，运用粉末状金属或塑料等可粘合材料，通过逐层打印的方式来构造物体的技术。
3D打印机通过读取文件中的横截面信息，用液体状、粉状或片状的材料将这些截面逐层地打印出来，再将各层截面以各种方式粘合起来从而制造出一个实体。这种技术的特点在于其几乎可以造出任何形状的物品。3D打印常在模具制造、工业设计等领域被用于制造模型，后逐渐用于一些产品的直接制造，已经有使用这种技术打印而成的零部件。该技术在珠宝、鞋类、工业设计、建筑、工程和施工(AEC)、汽车，航空航天、牙科和医疗产业、教育、地理信息系统、土木工程、枪支以及其他领域都有所应用。
一般的3D打印机均采用打印头逐层打印，首先通过计算机建模，生成三维模型切片和逐层的截面信息，打印机读取上述信息并用液体状、粉末状或片状的材料将这些截面信息逐层打印出来，各层截面间以各种方式粘合起来形成打印物品。然而，每层打印层之间的粘连度和粉末粒子之间的间隙会影响成型后打印物品表面的粗糙度和强度，粉末粒子之间的空隙过大会造成收缩变形甚至开裂等严重后果。
CN201610583348.7公开了一种新型3D打印机，本发明公开了一种新型3D打印机，包括计算机、二氧化碳激光器和微处理器，计算机的右侧设置有微处理器，且计算机的下方设置有二氧化碳激光器，二氧化碳激光 器的右端设置有激光发射管，激光发射管的右侧设置有扫描镜，扫描镜的下方设置有信号接收器，且信号接收器安装在滑板上，滑板的左右两端设置有滑槽，且滑板的下方设置有喷料头，喷料头的下方设置有热压辊，热压辊在打印时可以实现快速加热，使快速打印的材料迅速烘干，热压辊的下方设置有加工升降台，加工升降台的左右两侧设置有3D成像装置。该发明的3D打印机在打印过程中气压机可以通过伸缩杆对铸模托盘进行下降，方便供下一层堆叠上来，加快了打印速度。但是该发明没有解决减小打印物品中的粉末粒子之间的间隙问题，成型后的打印物品强度较低。
因此，有必要发明一种单喷头压紧式3D打印机及其打印方法，该3D打印机可适于打印以粉体为材料的产品，尤其可用于打印金属模具、陶瓷用品、刀具、厨具等物品。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一在于克服上述现有技术的不足，提供一种单喷头压紧式3D打印机，该打印机通过设置刮板装置、压辊和激光装置，对单层打印层进行刮平和压紧处理，同时激光装置对打印层的上表面进行激光熔融处理，使所述打印喷头在进行下一层打印时与上一层之间进行连接紧密。
为实现上述目的，本发明采取的技术方案如下：
一种单喷头压紧式3D打印机，包括设置于真空室内的打印机架，所述打印机架上设置一个可调节高度的打印喷头，所述打印机架设置于承载打印物品的打印平台的上方，所述打印机架和所述打印平台之间可相对运动，所述打印平台可相对于所述打印机架水平往复运动；或者，所述打印机架可相对于所述打印平台水平往复运动；
其中，所述打印喷头包括胶体喷头和给粉装置，所述胶体喷头喷射用于粘结粉体的胶滴，所述给粉装置将所述打印物品的原料粉体喷射到所述胶滴上，所述打印喷头在所述打印平台上进行打印物品的逐层打印；
所述打印机还包括打印平台机架，所述打印平台设置在所述打印平台机架上，所述打印平台包括固定平台和移动平台，所述移动平台紧邻所述固定平台设置，所述移动平台上下移动与所述固定平台之间形成打印腔， 所述打印喷头在所述打印腔内进行打印；所述打印平台机架上还安装压辊，所述压辊置于所述打印平台上，所述压辊沿所述打印喷头运行的方向滚动，所述压辊对打印物品进行压紧处理；
所述打印机架上设置刮板装置，所述刮板装置沿所述打印喷头运行的方向设置，所述刮板装置设置在所述打印喷头的一侧或两侧，所述刮板装置将位于所述打印腔之外的打印物品刮除。
优选的，所述打印机架上还设置抽吸装置，所述抽吸装置沿所述打印喷头运行的方向设置在所述刮板装置的一侧，所述抽吸装置将刮除后的胶滴和粉体吸走。
优选的，所述打印喷头沿其运行方向的两侧分别设置至少一个所述刮板装置和一个所述抽吸装置。即在打印喷头的左侧和右侧均设置刮板装置和抽吸装置，实现往复过程中的刮平处理和抽吸处理。
优选的，所述打印机架上还设置有激光装置，所述激光装置紧邻所述打印喷头设置，所述激光装置对打印物品的表面进行激光熔融处理，使所述打印喷头在进行下一层打印时与上一层之间进行紧密连接。
优选的，所述固定平台包括左固定平台和右固定平台，所述移动平台设置在所述左固定平台和所述右固定平台之间，所述移动平台和所述左固定平台、右固定平台之间形成所述打印腔，所述打印腔的高度随着所述移动平台的上下移动变化。
优选的，所述固定平台的中间设置多边形通孔，所述移动平台的形状与所述通孔的形状相同，所述移动平台置于所述通孔内且紧贴所述通孔的内壁。
优选的，所述固定平台和所述移动平台接触的位置设置有导向结构和高度检测仪，所述导向结构为导轨导槽结构，所述高度检测仪通过检测所述移动平台移动的距离来确定所述打印腔的高度。
优选的，所述固定平台上设置限位结构，所述限位结构设置在所述固定平台的侧壁上，所述限位结构防止所述移动平台离开所述打印腔。
优选的，所述移动平台为圆形，所述打印机架上设置中心支架，所述中心支架位于所述打印平台正上方，所述中心支架上连接打印机械臂、刮板机械臂和压辊机械臂，所述打印机械臂、刮板机械臂和压辊机械臂绕着 所述中心支架与所述移动平台做相对旋转运动；所述打印喷头安装在所述打印机械臂上，所述刮板装置安装在所述刮板机械臂上，所述压辊机械臂上安装有压辊，所述打印喷头、刮板装置和压辊与所述中心支架的距离相同，所述打印喷头、刮板装置和压辊与所述中心支架之间的距离可以调节。
本发明的目的之二在于提供一种上述3D打印机的打印方法，采取的技术方案如下：
一种打印机的打印方法，所述打印方法包括以下步骤：
(1)获取物品的打印数据信息并传输至控制器；所述控制器根据所述打印数据信息生成相应的打印指令；
(2)所述打印指令驱动所述打印喷头相对于所述打印平台进行往复式直线运动或旋转运动；或者，所述打印指令驱动所述打印平台相对于所述打印喷头进行往复式直线运动或旋转运动；
(3)在步骤(2)进行的同时，所述打印指令驱动所述打印喷头同时工作，所述打印喷头在所述打印腔中沿所述移动平台的X轴方向和Y轴方向打印物品层，或沿所述移动平台的中心旋转打印物品层，所述刮板装置随着所述打印喷头的运行将位于所述打印腔之外的打印物品刮除；所述打印腔内打印完成一层物品层后，所述移动平台上升使物品层上移一部分，所述压辊沿所述打印喷头运行的轨迹向前运行，所述压辊对上升后的物品层进行滚动压紧处理；
(4)经过压辊压紧处理后的物品层随着移动平台的下降下移至所述打印腔内，且物品层的高度低于所述打印腔的高度，调节所述打印喷头高度在所述打印腔内的物品层上继续进行下一层打印。所述打印头在打印时，先由所述胶体喷头喷射用于粘结粉体的胶滴至所述移动平台上，接着所述给粉装置将所述打印物品的原料粉体喷射到所述胶滴上，各物品层之间通过上述胶滴进行粘结固定。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益的技术效果：
本发明打印喷头在所述打印腔中打印物品层，刮板装置随着打印喷头的运行将位于打印腔之外的打印物品刮除；打印腔内打印完成一层物品层后，移动平台上升使物品层上移一部分，压辊向打印喷头运行的方向向前运行，压辊对上升后的物品进行滚动压紧处理；采用刮板装置、压辊对单 层打印层进行刮平和压紧处理，可以使打印物品中的粉末粒子之间的间隙得到压缩变小，使粉末粒子之间的结合更加紧密，避免粉末粒子之间的空隙过大会造成收缩变形甚至开裂等严重后果。同时使物品层的表面更加光滑便于下一层的打印堆叠。本发明的打印腔是在移动平台和固定平台之间形成的，通过调节移动平台的高度来调节打印腔的深度，根据不同的打印物品需求，设置合适的打印腔高度打印物品层，确保每一层物品层中的粉末粒子之间的间隙不会因为物品层高度过大导致物品层出现疏松情况。打印机架上还设置有激光装置，激光装置紧邻所述打印喷头设置，激光装置对打印物品的表面进行激光熔融处理，使打印喷头在进行下一层打印时与上一层之间的粘连更加紧密。
附图说明
图1为本发明公开的打印头的示意图；
图2为本发明公开的实施例一的主视示意图；
图3为本发明公开的实施例一的俯视示意图；
图4为本发明公开的实施例二的俯视示意图；
图5为本发明公开的实施例三的结构示意图；
图6为本发明公开的实施例三的俯视示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步说明。
如图1-3所示，本发明公开了一种单喷头压紧式3D打印机，包括设置于真空室内的打印机架2，所述打印机架2上设置一个可调节高度的打印喷头1，所述打印喷头1可上下移动，所述打印机架2设置于承载打印物品的打印平台的上方，所述打印机架2和所述打印平台之间可相对运动，所述打印平台可相对于所述打印机架2水平往复运动，或者，所述打印机架2可相对于所述打印平台水平往复运动；其中，所述打印喷头1包括胶体喷头和给粉装置，其中，胶体喷头包括胶体输送装置131和胶体喷嘴141，给粉装置包括粉体输送装置111和粉体喷嘴121，所述胶体喷头喷射用于粘结粉体的胶滴，所述给粉装置将所述打印物品的原料粉体喷射到所 述胶滴上，所述打印喷头在所述打印平台上进行打印物品的逐层打印。
实施例一
如图2和3所示，所述打印机还包括打印平台机架6，所述打印平台设置在所述打印平台机架6上，所述打印平台包括固定平台8和移动平台10，所述移动平台10紧邻所述固定平台8设置，所述移动平台10上下移动与所述固定平台8之间形成打印腔101，所述打印喷头1在所述打印腔101内进行打印；所述打印平台机架6上还安装压辊7，所述压辊7置于所述打印平台上，压辊7沿所述打印喷头1运行的方向滚动，优选的，所述压辊7的两端沿所述打印平台机架6上的滑槽移动，所述压辊7对打印物品进行压紧处理。所述打印机架2上设置刮板装置3，所述刮板装置3沿所述打印喷头1运行的方向设置，所述刮板装置3和所述打印喷头1间隔设置，刮板装置3设置在所述打印喷头的一侧或两侧，所述刮板装置3将位于所述打印腔101之外的打印物品刮除。所述打印机架2上还设置抽吸装置4，所述抽吸装置4沿所述打印喷头1运行的方向设置在所述刮板装置3的一侧，所述抽吸装置4将刮除后的胶滴和粉体吸走。具体地，所述抽吸装置4可采用真空泵。所述打印喷头1沿其运行方向的两侧分别设置至少一个所述刮板装置3和一个所述抽吸装置4。优选的，即在打印喷头1的左侧和右侧均设置一个刮板装置3和一个抽吸装置4，实现往复过程中的刮平处理和抽吸处理。
打印腔101内打印完成一层物品层后，移动平台10上升使物品层上移一部分，压辊7向打印喷头1运行的方向向前运行，压辊7对上升后的物品层进行滚动压紧处理；采用刮板装置3、压辊7对单层打印层进行刮平和压紧处理，可以使打印物品中的粉末粒子之间的间隙得到压缩变小，使粉末粒子之间的结合更加紧密，避免粉末粒子之间的空隙过大会造成收缩变形甚至开裂等严重后果。同时使物品层的表面更加光滑便于下一层的打印堆叠。本发明的打印腔101是在移动平台10和固定平台8之间形成的，通过调节移动平台10的高度来调节打印腔101的深度，根据不同的打印物品需求，设置合适的打印腔101高度打印物品层，确保每一层物品层中的粉末粒子之间的间隙不会因为物品层高度过大导致物品层出现疏松情况。
优选的，所述固定平台8和所述移动平台10接触的位置设置有导向结构和高度检测仪，所述导向结构为导轨导槽结构，导向结构可以确保移动平台10上下移动过程中不会发生位置偏移，移动平台10的水平度保持不变，所述高度检测仪通过检测所述移动平台10移动的距离来确定所述打印腔101的高度，高度检测仪根据实际需要打印物品的材料成分确定每层物品层的高度，从而调节打印腔101的深度。所述固定平台8上设置限位结构9，所述限位结构9设置在所述固定平台8的侧壁上，所述限位结构9防止所述移动平台10离开所述打印腔101，即防止移动平台10的高度高于固定平台8的高度。
本实施例优选的，所述固定平台8包括左固定平台和右固定平台，所述移动平台101设置在所述左固定平台和所述右固定平台之间，所述移动平台10和所述左固定平台、右固定平台之间形成所述打印腔101，所述打印腔101的高度随着所述移动平台10的上下移动发生变化。
所述打印机架2上还设置有激光装置5，激光装置5紧邻打印喷头1设置，激光装置5对打印物品的表面进行激光熔融处理，使所述打印喷头在进行下一层打印时与上一层之间进行紧密连接。
打印机获取物品的打印数据信息并传输至控制器；控制器根据打印数据信息生成相应的打印指令；打印指令驱动打印喷头1沿移动平台10的X轴方向和Y轴方向移动打印物品层的一层，所述打印指令驱动所述打印喷头1工作的同时，所述刮板装置3随着所述打印喷头1的运行将位于所述打印腔101之外的打印物品刮除；所述打印腔内101打印完成一层物品层后，所述移动平台10上升使物品层上移一部分，所述压辊7向所述打印喷头1运行的方向向前运行，所述压辊7对上升后的物品进行滚动压紧处理；经过压辊压紧处理后的物品层随着移动平台10的下降下移至所述打印腔101内，且物品层的高度低于所述打印腔101的高度，所述打印喷头1在所述打印腔101内的物品层上继续进行下一层打印。在打印下一层物品层时通过激光装置5对上一层物品层的表面进行激光熔融处理，便于两层物品层之间更加紧密的结合，各物品层之间通过胶滴和激光进行粘结固定。
实施例二
如图4所示，与实施例一不同的是，本实施例的固定平台8中间设置多边形通孔，所述移动平台10的形状与所述通孔的形状相同，所述移动平台10置于所述通孔内且紧贴所述通孔的内壁。移动平台10和通孔的内壁之间形成打印腔101，打印喷头1在打印腔101内实现往复式逐层打印。
实施例三
如图5和6所示，与实施例一不同的是，本实施例的所述移动平台10为圆形，固定平台8上设置圆形通孔，移动平台10在圆形通孔内上下移动，且与圆形通孔的内壁紧密贴合，所述打印机架2上设置中心支架20，所述中心支架20位于所述打印平台正上方，所述中心支架20上连接打印机械臂、刮板机械臂和压辊机械臂，所述打印机械臂、刮板机械臂和压辊机械臂绕着所述中心支架20与所述移动平台做相对旋转运动；所述打印喷头1安装在所述打印机械臂上，所述刮板装置3安装在所述刮板机械臂上，所述压辊机械臂上安装有压辊7，所述打印喷头1、刮板装置3和压辊7与所述中心支架20的距离始终保持相同，所述打印喷头1、刮板装置3和压辊7与所述中心支架20之间的距离可以调节。打印喷头1在打印腔101内进行逐层打印，打印腔101的高度可以随着移动平台10的升降而改变，刮板装置3和压辊7装置实现对物品层的刮平和压紧。调节打印喷头1、刮板装置3、压辊7与所述中心支架20之间的距离，可以实现对移动平台10上不同半径区域内的物品打印，完成环状和柱状物品的打印，同时通过调节打印喷头1的高度来实现逐层打印。
实施例四
本实施例公开了一种打印机的打印方法，所述打印方法包括以下步骤：
(1)获取物品的打印数据信息并传输至控制器；所述控制器根据所述打印数据信息生成相应的打印指令；
(2)所述打印指令驱动所述打印喷头相对于所述打印平台进行往复式直线运动或旋转运动；或者，所述打印指令驱动所述打印平台相对于所述打印喷头进行往复式直线运动或旋转运动；
(3)在步骤(2)进行的同时，所述打印指令驱动所述打印喷头同时工作，所述打印喷头在所述打印腔中沿所述移动平台的X轴方向和Y轴方 向打印物品层，或沿所述移动平台的中心旋转打印物品层，所述刮板装置随着所述打印喷头的运行将位于所述打印腔之外的打印物品刮除；所述打印腔内打印完成一层物品层后，所述移动平台上升使物品层上移一部分，所述压辊沿所述打印喷头运行的轨迹向前运行，所述压辊对上升后的物品层进行滚动压紧处理；
(4)经过压辊压紧处理后的物品层随着移动平台的下降下移至所述打印腔内，且物品层的高度低于所述打印腔的高度，所述打印喷头在所述打印腔内的物品层上继续进行下一层打印。所述打印头在打印时，先由所述胶体喷头喷射用于粘结粉体的胶滴至所述移动平台上，接着所述给粉装置将所述打印物品的原料粉体喷射到所述胶滴上，各物品层之间通过上述胶滴进行粘结固定。
根据上述说明书的揭示和教导，本发明所属领域的技术人员还可以对上述实施方式进行变更和修改。因此，本发明并不局限于上面揭示和描述的具体实施方式，对发明的一些修改和变更也应当落入本发明的权利要求的保护范围内。此外，尽管本说明书中使用了一些特定的术语，但这些术语只是为了方便说明，并不对本发明构成任何限制。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种单喷头压紧式3D打印机，包括设置于真空室内的打印机架，所述打印机架上设置一个可调节高度的打印喷头，所述打印机架设置于承载打印物品的打印平台的上方，所述打印机架和所述打印平台之间可相对运动；
    其特征在于，所述打印喷头包括胶体喷头和给粉装置，所述胶体喷头喷射用于粘结粉体的胶滴，所述给粉装置将所述打印物品的原料粉体喷射到所述胶滴上，所述打印喷头在所述打印平台上进行打印物品的逐层打印；
    所述打印机还包括打印平台机架，所述打印平台设置在所述打印平台机架上，所述打印平台包括固定平台和移动平台，所述移动平台紧邻所述固定平台设置，所述移动平台上下移动与所述固定平台之间形成打印腔，所述打印喷头在所述打印腔内进行打印；所述打印平台机架上还安装压辊，所述压辊置于所述打印平台上，所述压辊沿所述打印喷头运行的方向滚动，所述压辊对打印物品进行压紧处理；
    所述打印机架上设置刮板装置，所述刮板装置沿所述打印喷头运行的方向设置，所述刮板装置设置在所述打印喷头的一侧或两侧，所述刮板装置将位于所述打印腔之外的打印物品刮除。
  2. 一种根据权利要求1所述的3D打印机，其特征在于：所述打印机架上还设置抽吸装置，所述抽吸装置沿所述打印喷头运行的方向设置在所述刮板装置的一侧，所述抽吸装置将刮除后的胶滴和粉体吸走。
  3. 一种根据权利要求2所述的3D打印机，其特征在于：所述打印喷头沿其运行方向的两侧分别设置至少一个所述刮板装置和一个所述抽吸装置。
  4. 一种根据权利要求1所述的3D打印机，其特征在于：所述打印机架上还设置有激光装置，所述激光装置紧邻所述打印喷头设置，所述激光装置对打印物品的表面进行激光熔融处理，使所述打印喷头在进行下一层打印时与上一层之间进行紧密连接。
  5. 一种根据权利要求1所述的3D打印机，其特征在于：所述固定平台包括左固定平台和右固定平台，所述移动平台设置在所述左固定平台和 所述右固定平台之间，所述移动平台和所述左固定平台、右固定平台之间形成所述打印腔，所述打印腔的高度随着所述移动平台的上下移动变化。
  6. 一种根据权利要求1所述的3D打印机，其特征在于：所述固定平台的中间设置多边形通孔，所述移动平台的形状与所述通孔的形状相同，所述移动平台置于所述通孔内且紧贴所述通孔的内壁。
  7. 一种根据权利要求1所述的3D打印机，其特征在于：所述固定平台和所述移动平台接触的位置设置有导向结构和高度检测仪，所述导向结构为导轨导槽结构，所述高度检测仪通过检测所述移动平台移动的距离来确定所述打印腔的高度。
  8. 一种根据权利要求1所述的3D打印机，其特征在于：所述固定平台上设置限位结构，所述限位结构设置在所述固定平台的侧壁上，所述限位结构防止所述移动平台离开所述打印腔。
  9. 一种根据权利要求1所述的3D打印机，其特征在于：所述移动平台为圆形，所述打印机架上设置中心支架，所述中心支架位于所述打印平台正上方，所述中心支架上连接打印机械臂、刮板机械臂和压辊机械臂，所述打印机械臂、刮板机械臂和压辊机械臂绕着所述中心支架与所述移动平台做相对旋转运动；所述打印喷头安装在所述打印机械臂上，所述刮板装置安装在所述刮板机械臂上，所述压辊机械臂上安装有压辊，所述打印喷头、刮板装置和压辊与所述中心支架的距离相同，所述打印喷头、刮板装置和压辊与所述中心支架之间的距离可以调节。
  10. 一种根据权利要求1-9一项所述的3D打印机的打印方法，其特征在于，所述打印方法包括以下步骤：
    (1)获取物品的打印数据信息并传输至控制器；所述控制器根据所述打印数据信息生成相应的打印指令；
    (2)所述打印指令驱动所述打印喷头相对于所述打印平台进行往复式直线运动或旋转运动；或者，所述打印指令驱动所述打印平台相对于所述打印喷头进行往复式直线运动或旋转运动；
    (3)在步骤(2)进行的同时，所述打印指令驱动所述打印喷头同时工作，所述打印喷头在所述打印腔中沿所述移动平台的X轴方向和Y轴方向打印物品层，或沿所述移动平台的中心旋转打印物品层，所述刮板装置 随着所述打印喷头的运行将位于所述打印腔之外的打印物品刮除；所述打印腔内打印完成一层物品层后，所述移动平台上升使物品层上移一部分，所述压辊沿所述打印喷头运行的轨迹向前运行，所述压辊对上升后的物品层进行滚动压紧处理；
    (4)经过压辊压紧处理后的物品层随着移动平台的下降下移至所述打印腔内，且物品层的高度低于所述打印腔的高度，调节所述打印喷头高度在所述打印腔内的物品层上继续进行下一层打印。
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