WO2019114795A1 - 异步起动同步磁阻电机转子、电机及压缩机 - Google Patents

异步起动同步磁阻电机转子、电机及压缩机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019114795A1
WO2019114795A1 PCT/CN2018/120929 CN2018120929W WO2019114795A1 WO 2019114795 A1 WO2019114795 A1 WO 2019114795A1 CN 2018120929 W CN2018120929 W CN 2018120929W WO 2019114795 A1 WO2019114795 A1 WO 2019114795A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
magnetic barrier
synchronous reluctance
reluctance motor
motor rotor
groove
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PCT/CN2018/120929
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
黄辉
胡余生
史进飞
吴曼
陈彬
肖勇
Original Assignee
珠海格力节能环保制冷技术研究中心有限公司
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Application filed by 珠海格力节能环保制冷技术研究中心有限公司 filed Critical 珠海格力节能环保制冷技术研究中心有限公司
Priority to EP18889036.2A priority Critical patent/EP3672026B1/en
Priority to US16/650,523 priority patent/US11387694B2/en
Publication of WO2019114795A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019114795A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/24—Rotor cores with salient poles ; Variable reluctance rotors
    • H02K1/246—Variable reluctance rotors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K17/00—Asynchronous induction motors; Asynchronous induction generators
    • H02K17/02—Asynchronous induction motors
    • H02K17/16—Asynchronous induction motors having rotors with internally short-circuited windings, e.g. cage rotors
    • H02K17/165—Asynchronous induction motors having rotors with internally short-circuited windings, e.g. cage rotors characterised by the squirrel-cage or other short-circuited windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K19/00—Synchronous motors or generators
    • H02K19/02—Synchronous motors
    • H02K19/14—Synchronous motors having additional short-circuited windings for starting as asynchronous motors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of motor technology, and in particular to an asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor rotor, a motor and a compressor.
  • the asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor combines the structural characteristics of the induction motor and the reluctance motor, and starts by the torque generated by the squirrel cage.
  • the reluctance torque is generated by the rotor inductance difference to realize the constant speed operation of the motor, so that the motor is directly connected to the power source.
  • the asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor does not use rare earth permanent magnet material, and there is no demagnetization problem. The motor cost is low and the reliability is good.
  • the patent of CN 1255925C provides an inexpensive and easy-to-start synchronous induction motor and synchronous induction motor manufacturing apparatus and manufacturing method, that is, along the rotor core 1'
  • the first slit portion 2' and the second slit portion 3' that communicates with the first slit portion 2' are provided in the q-axis and the d-axis direction.
  • the second slit portion 3' and the first slit portion 2' are filled with a conductive material.
  • the first slit portion 2' has a linear shape, and the second slit portion 3' is radially provided at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the rotor core 1'.
  • the magnetic flux direction between the second slit portions 3' flows toward the surface perpendicular to the rotor core 1'.
  • the second slit portion 3' hinders the flow of the magnetic flux in the q-axis direction, in particular, the second slit portion 1' closer to the d-axis, the magnetic flux barrier of the q-axis is more conspicuous, and the d-axis magnetic flux is more smoothly circulated. Therefore, the magnetic fluxes of the d and q axes are not significantly different, the salient pole ratio is not large, and the motor output and efficiency are insufficient.
  • the main object of the present invention is to provide an asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor rotor, a motor and a compressor to solve the problem of low working efficiency of the asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor of the prior art motor.
  • an asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor rotor includes a rotor core including: a first magnetic barrier structure including a plurality of sets of first magnetic barrier portions, each of which The first magnetic barrier portion is disposed along the d-axis of the rotor core; the second magnetic barrier structure includes two communicating magnetic barrier grooves spaced along the d-axis, and the two connected magnetic barrier grooves are respectively located at the two of the first magnetic barrier structures
  • the connecting magnetic barrier groove is an arcuate groove extending in the circumferential direction of the rotor core, and the groove wall at both ends of the arcuate groove is disposed in parallel with the q axis.
  • both or both of the first magnetic barrier portions are parallel to the q-axis of the rotor core.
  • the plurality of sets of first magnetic barrier portions are one or more of linear grooves or second curved grooves or shaped grooves.
  • the first magnetic barrier structure further includes: a plurality of supplementary grooves respectively located between the end of the first magnetic barrier portion and the outer edge of the rotor core.
  • the extending direction of the supplementary groove is parallel to the q-axis.
  • the rotor core has a central through hole through which the rotating shaft passes, and some of the first magnetic barrier portions are shaped grooves, and each of the irregular shaped grooves includes a first straight groove segment, an arc groove segment and a second straight groove segment which are sequentially connected. And the first straight groove segment and the second straight groove segment are both parallel to the q-axis, and the arc groove segment protrudes toward a side away from the central through hole.
  • part of the first magnetic barrier portion is a linear groove, the linear groove is disposed parallel to the q-axis, and the linear groove is located between the communicating magnetic barrier groove and the irregular groove.
  • the second magnetic barrier structure further comprises: four independent magnetic barrier grooves, two independent magnetic barrier grooves are respectively located on two sides of the q-axis, and the independent magnetic barrier grooves extend in a direction parallel to the q-axis.
  • two independent magnetic barrier grooves in the same group are symmetrically arranged along the d-axis; and/or different sets of independent magnetic barrier grooves are symmetrically arranged along the q-axis.
  • the adjacent two complementary slots have a distance D1 between them, and the adjacent two arc slot segments have a distance D2 between them, which satisfies D1 ⁇ D2.
  • the independent magnetic barrier groove and the two adjacent complementary grooves have a distance D3 and a distance D4 respectively, and along the d-axis direction, the linear groove has a distance D5 between its adjacent arc groove segment, which satisfies D3+D4 ⁇ D5.
  • the hole wall of the central through hole and the adjacent two arc groove segments respectively have a distance D8 and a distance D9, which satisfies D8+D9 ⁇ D6.
  • the sum M of the groove widths of all the connecting magnetic barrier grooves and all the first magnetic barrier portions has a distance m7 between the hole wall of the central through hole and the outer edge of the rotor core, which satisfies
  • the rotor core has a central through hole through which the rotating shaft passes, and when some or all of the first magnetic barrier portions are the second curved slots, the second curved slot avoids the central through hole, and the second curved slot faces away from the central pass. One side of the hole protrudes.
  • the two connected magnetic barrier grooves are symmetrically disposed along the q-axis; and/or the connected magnetic barrier grooves are symmetrically disposed along the d-axis.
  • the plurality of sets of first magnetic barrier portions are symmetrically disposed along the q-axis; and/or each of the first magnetic barrier portions is symmetrically disposed along the d-axis.
  • first magnetic barrier structure and/or the second magnetic barrier structure are filled with a conductive non-magnetic material.
  • both ends of the rotor core further comprise a cast aluminum end ring, and the cast aluminum end ring will be completely connected to the magnetic barrier groove, the supplementary groove and the independent magnetic barrier groove to form a squirrel cage.
  • curvature ⁇ of the connected magnetic barrier groove satisfies 20 0 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 60 0 .
  • an electric machine including the asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor rotor described above is provided.
  • the motor further includes a stator disposed outside the rotor of the asynchronously-starting synchronous reluctance motor, and an air gap ⁇ between the stator core of the stator and the rotor core of the asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor rotor, and the asynchronously-starting synchronous reluctance motor rotor
  • the independent magnetic barrier groove, the complementary groove of the asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor rotor and the outer edge of the rotor core have a distance L1 satisfying 0.5 ⁇ L1 ⁇ .
  • the motor further includes a stator disposed outside the rotor of the asynchronously-starting synchronous reluctance motor, and an air gap ⁇ between the stator core of the stator and the rotor core of the asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor rotor, and the asynchronously-starting synchronous reluctance motor rotor
  • the supplementary tank has a distance L2 from the first magnetic barrier portion of the asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor rotor, and satisfies 0.5 ⁇ L2 ⁇ .
  • the motor further includes a stator disposed outside the rotor of the asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor, and an air gap ⁇ between the stator core of the stator and the rotor core of the asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor rotor, the magnetic barrier groove and the rotor iron
  • the outer edge of the core has a distance L3 between ⁇ ⁇ L3 ⁇ 2 ⁇ .
  • the motor further includes a stator disposed outside the rotor of the asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor, and the distance between the two complementary slots of the asynchronous start reluctance motor rotor near the q-axis has a distance D6, and the tooth width K of the stator core of the stator Meet D6>K with distance D6.
  • a compressor including the above described electric machine.
  • the asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor rotor includes a rotor core, and the rotor core includes a first magnetic barrier structure and a second magnetic barrier structure.
  • the first magnetic barrier structure includes a plurality of sets of first magnetic barrier portions, and each of the first magnetic barrier portions is disposed along a d-axis of the rotor core.
  • the second magnetic barrier structure comprises two communicating magnetic barrier grooves spaced along the d-axis, the two communicating magnetic barrier grooves are respectively located at two sides of the first magnetic barrier structure, and the connecting magnetic barrier grooves are extended along the circumferential direction of the rotor core.
  • the magnetic flux in the axial direction causes the magnetic flux in the q-axis direction to flow unimpeded, and blocks the magnetic flux in the d-axis direction, thereby increasing the difference between the magnetic fluxes in the d-axis direction and the q-axis direction of the asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor rotor. Improve the output power and working efficiency of the asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor rotor.
  • the magnetic flux flow in the q-axis direction between the first magnetic barrier portions 21 and between the first magnetic barrier portion 21 and the communication magnetic barrier groove 31 can be performed.
  • the magnetic flux in the q-axis direction is unimpeded, and the d-axis magnetic flux is blocked, thereby increasing the difference between the magnetic fluxes in the d-axis direction and the q-axis direction, so that the asynchronous starting synchronous reluctance motor rotor generates a larger reluctance torque.
  • the asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor rotor in this embodiment does not use a magnet, and there is no demagnetization problem, and the operational reliability of the asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor rotor is improved, and the cost is low.
  • Figure 1 shows a plan view of a rotor of a prior art electric machine
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective structural view showing a first embodiment of an asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor rotor according to the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a plan view showing the rotor of the asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor of Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is a plan view showing the rotor of the asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor of Figure 3 after removing the cast aluminum end ring;
  • Figure 5 is a plan view showing the rotor of the asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor of Figure 3 after removing the cast aluminum end ring;
  • Figure 6 is a plan view showing a first embodiment of a synchronous reluctance motor according to the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a plan view showing a second embodiment of the asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor rotor according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a graph showing a comparison of the output torque of the synchronous reluctance motor of the present invention and the synchronous reluctance motor of the prior art;
  • Figure 9 is a graph showing the relationship between the magnetic barrier ratio and the motor output of the synchronous reluctance motor of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 shows the starting speed curve of a synchronous reluctance motor with a rated motor and rated torque of 0.85 times.
  • orientation words used such as “up and down”, are generally referred to in the directions shown in the drawings, or in the vertical, vertical or gravity directions, without being otherwise described.
  • “left and right” are generally for the left and right as shown in the drawing; “inside and outside” refer to the inside and outside of the contour of each component, but the above orientation Words are not intended to limit the invention.
  • the present application provides an asynchronous starting synchronous reluctance motor rotor, a motor and a compressor.
  • the asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor rotor includes a rotor core 10 including a first magnetic barrier structure and a second magnetic barrier structure.
  • the first magnetic barrier structure includes a plurality of sets of first magnetic barrier portions 21, and each of the first magnetic barrier portions 21 is disposed along the d-axis of the rotor core 10.
  • the second magnetic barrier structure includes two communicating magnetic barrier grooves 31 spaced along the d-axis.
  • the two communicating magnetic barrier grooves 31 are respectively located at two sides of the first magnetic barrier structure, and the connecting magnetic barrier grooves 31 are along the rotor core 10 A circumferentially extending arcuate groove, and the groove walls at both ends of the arcuate groove are disposed in parallel with the q axis.
  • the first magnetic barrier portions 21 are arranged along the d-axis of the rotor core 10 and extend toward the q-axis.
  • the slot walls connecting the two ends of the magnetic barrier grooves 31 are arranged in parallel with the q-axis, thereby increasing the rotor q.
  • the magnetic flux in the axial direction causes the magnetic flux in the q-axis direction to flow unimpeded, and blocks the magnetic flux in the d-axis direction, thereby increasing the difference between the magnetic fluxes in the d-axis direction and the q-axis direction of the rotor, and improving the asynchronous starting synchronous reluctance.
  • the output power and working efficiency of the rotor of the motor are arranged along the d-axis of the rotor core 10 and extend toward the q-axis.
  • the slot walls connecting the two ends of the magnetic barrier grooves 31 are arranged in parallel with the q-axis, thereby increasing the rotor q.
  • the magnetic flux in the axial direction
  • the magnetic flux in the q-axis direction between the first magnetic barrier portions 21 and between the first magnetic barrier portion 21 and the communication magnetic barrier groove 31 can be performed.
  • the flow ensures that the magnetic flux in the q-axis direction is unimpeded, and the d-axis magnetic flux is blocked, thereby increasing the difference between the magnetic fluxes in the d-axis direction and the q-axis direction, so that the synchronous start reluctance motor rotor generates a larger reluctance turn. Moment, increase the output of the motor and work efficiency.
  • the asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor rotor in this embodiment does not use a magnet, and there is no demagnetization problem, and the operational reliability of the asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor rotor is improved, and the cost is low.
  • the obstruction of the magnetic flux in the q-axis direction of the asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor rotor in the prior art is reduced, thereby increasing the difference between the d and q-axis magnetic fluxes, and improving the output power and efficiency of the motor.
  • the connecting magnetic barrier groove 31 on the outermost layer of the rotor core 10 further increases the magnetic resistance in the d-axis direction, reduces the d-axis magnetic flux, and can be used as a starting squirrel cage for improving the starting performance of the motor. .
  • both or both of the first magnetic barrier portions 21 are parallel to the q-axis of the rotor core 10.
  • the above arrangement makes the magnetic flux in the d-axis direction blocked, further increasing the difference between the magnetic fluxes in the d-axis direction and the q-axis direction, thereby generating a more reluctance torque. Increase motor output and work efficiency.
  • part of the first magnetic barrier portion 21 is a linear groove, and part of the first magnetic barrier portion 21 is a special-shaped groove.
  • different first magnetic barrier portions 21 are designed for different asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor rotor sizes, thereby improving the utilization of the rotor core 10 and increasing the magnetic flux in the q-axis direction of the asynchronously-started synchronous reluctance motor rotor. Blocking the magnetic flux in the d-axis direction of the asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor rotor, thereby increasing the difference between the two, and improving the performance of the asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor rotor.
  • the first magnetic barrier structure further includes a plurality of supplemental grooves 214.
  • the plurality of supplementary grooves 214 are respectively located between the end of the first magnetic barrier portion 21 and the outer edge of the rotor core 10.
  • the supplemental groove 214 cooperates with the first magnetic barrier portion 21 and forms a plurality of magnetic flux flow passages therebetween, thereby increasing the q-axis direction of the asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor rotor. The magnetic flux on it.
  • the induction groove 214 filled with the conductive material can generate the induction torque to realize the start of the asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor rotor, and drag the synchronization, and the reasonable distribution of the supplemental groove 214 and the first magnetic barrier portion 21 synchronizes the asynchronous start.
  • the reluctance motor rotor has good starting and running performance.
  • the replenishing groove 214 is at the periphery of the rotor core 10 to achieve asynchronous starting. Further, the extending direction of the replenishing groove 214 is parallel to the q-axis, that is, the upper and lower walls of the replenishing groove 214 are parallel to the q-axis, and the flux d-axis magnetic flux is reduced by the replenishing groove 214 to increase the q-axis magnetic flux.
  • the first magnetic barrier portion 21 is inside the rotor core 10, the first magnetic barrier portion 21 and the two complementary slots 214 adjacent thereto form a magnetic flux barrier in the d-axis direction, and a magnetic flux passage is formed in the q-axis direction.
  • the above arrangement causes the magnetic flux flowing through the replenishing groove 214 to flow in a direction parallel to the q-axis, and the magnetic flux in the d-axis direction of the asynchronously-started synchronous reluctance motor rotor is blocked, which is increased.
  • Asynchronously starting the magnetic flux in the q-axis direction of the synchronous reluctance motor rotor thereby increasing the difference between the magnetic flux in the d-axis direction and the q-axis direction, so that a larger reluctance torque is generated on the rotor of the asynchronously-start synchronous reluctance motor, and the asynchronous is improved.
  • the rotor core 10 has a central through hole 11 through which the rotating shaft passes, and a part of the first magnetic barrier portion 21 is a special-shaped groove, and each of the irregular-shaped grooves includes a first straight groove segment 211 and an arc groove segment which are sequentially connected. 212 and the second straight groove segment 213, and the first straight groove segment 211 and the second straight groove segment 213 are both parallel to the q-axis, and the arc groove segment 212 protrudes toward a side away from the central through hole 11.
  • the magnetic flux sequentially passes through a supplemental groove 214, a first straight groove segment 211, an arc groove segment 212, a second straight groove segment 213, and another supplementary groove 214, thereby
  • the magnetic flux in the q-axis direction is unimpeded, and the magnetic flux in the d-axis direction is blocked, thereby increasing the difference between the magnetic fluxes in the d and q-axis directions, generating a larger reluctance torque, increasing the output and operation of the motor. effectiveness.
  • the linear grooves are disposed parallel to the q-axis, and the linear grooves are located between the communicating magnetic barrier grooves 31 and the irregular grooves.
  • the linear grooves are two groups, and the two sets of linear grooves are symmetrically arranged along the q axis.
  • the magnetic flux flows in the q-axis direction, and the magnetic flux in the d-axis direction is blocked, so that the magnetic flux flowing through the linear groove flows in the q-axis direction, thereby increasing the magnetic flux in the d- and q-axis directions.
  • the difference is to increase the output power of the motor.
  • the second magnetic barrier structure further includes four independent magnetic barrier grooves 32.
  • four independent magnetic barrier grooves 32 are respectively located on two sides of the q-axis, and two independent magnetic barrier grooves 32 in the same group are spaced apart from each other, and the connection between the two is parallel to the q-axis, independent magnetic
  • the barrier groove 32 is located between the linear groove and the shaped groove. Specifically, during the operation of the asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor rotor, the independent magnetic barrier groove 32 does not cooperate with the first magnetic barrier portion 21, and the magnetic flux lines enter the rotor core from the upper and lower sides of the independent magnetic barrier groove 32.
  • the other four independent magnetic barrier grooves are filled with a conductive non-magnetic material to serve as a starting squirrel cage to improve the starting ability of the motor.
  • two independent magnetic barrier grooves 32 in the same group are symmetrically disposed along the d-axis, and different sets of independent magnetic barrier grooves 32 are symmetrically disposed along the q-axis.
  • the above arrangement makes the magnetic flux barrier on the rotor core 10 symmetrically arranged, so that the magnetic flux is symmetrically arranged, so that the force of the asynchronous starting synchronous reluctance motor rotor is more uniform, and the smooth running of the asynchronous starting synchronous reluctance motor rotor is ensured.
  • the vibration and noise generated during the operation of the rotor of the small asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor improve the user experience.
  • the adjacent two complementary slots 214 have a distance D1 therebetween, and the adjacent two arc slot segments 212 have a distance D2 between them, which satisfies D1 ⁇ D2.
  • the distance D2 is the shortest distance between the adjacent two arc slot segments 212.
  • the independent magnetic barrier groove 32 and the two complementary grooves 214 adjacent thereto have a distance D3 and a distance D4 respectively.
  • the linear groove has a distance D5 from the adjacent arc groove segment 212. , satisfying D3+D4 ⁇ D5.
  • the distance D5 is the shortest distance between the linear groove and the adjacent arc groove segment 212.
  • the above arrangement can prevent magnetic flux saturation between the two complementary grooves 214 near the q-axis, so that the magnetic flux flows in the q-axis direction as much as possible, thereby increasing the magnetic flux flow in the q-axis direction.
  • D6>D1, D6>D3, and D6>D4 are satisfied between the distance D6, the distance D1, the distance D3, and the distance D4.
  • the above arrangement makes the q-axis magnetic flux more concentrated on the q-axis, and the effective torque generated by the stator acts to increase the motor output, and also prevents the D6 from being severely saturated.
  • the hole wall of the central through hole 11 and the adjacent two arc groove segments 212 have a distance D8 and a distance D9, respectively, which satisfy D8+D9 ⁇ D6.
  • the distance D8 and the distance D9 are the shortest distance between the wall of the central through hole 11 and the adjacent two arc groove segments 212.
  • the sum M of the groove widths of all the connecting magnetic barrier grooves 31 and all the first magnetic barrier portions 21 has a distance m7 between the hole wall of the central through hole 11 and the outer edge of the rotor core 10, which satisfies
  • M is the sum of m1, m2, m3, m4 and m5.
  • the two connected magnetic barrier grooves 31 are symmetrically disposed along the q-axis, and the communicating magnetic barrier grooves 31 are symmetrically disposed along the d-axis.
  • a plurality of sets of first magnetic barrier portions 21 are symmetrically arranged along the q-axis, and each of the first magnetic barrier portions 21 is symmetrically disposed along the d-axis.
  • the conductive non-magnetic material is filled in the supplemental groove 214 and the second magnetic barrier structure.
  • the electrically conductive non-magnetic material is made of aluminum.
  • aluminum material is filled into corresponding slots in the rotor core 10 to form cast aluminum to form a first magnetic barrier portion 21, a connecting magnetic barrier groove 31, a supplementary groove 214, and an independent magnetic barrier groove 32.
  • the material of the conductive non-magnetic material is not limited thereto, and may be other types of materials.
  • the above arrangement can further increase the reluctance in the d-axis direction of the asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor rotor, reduce the d-axis magnetic flux, and simultaneously fill the conductive material as a starting squirrel cage for improving the asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor rotor. Starting performance.
  • the asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor rotor further includes a cast aluminum end ring 50.
  • the cast aluminum end ring 50 is located at both ends of the rotor core 10, and all the connecting magnetic barrier grooves 31, the supplementary grooves 214 and the independent magnetic barrier grooves 32 are connected by the cast aluminum end ring 50 to form a squirrel cage.
  • the rotor core 10 is formed by axially laminating silicon steel sheets.
  • the present application also provides a synchronous reluctance motor including the above-described asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor rotor.
  • the synchronous reluctance motor can realize asynchronous starting and synchronous operation, and increases the magnetic flux difference between the d-axis direction and the q-axis direction of the motor through the first magnetic barrier structure and the second magnetic barrier structure, and increases the motor.
  • the salient pole ratio solves the problem of low efficiency and low speed of the asynchronous motor, and achieves efficient and constant speed operation.
  • the synchronous reluctance motor in the embodiment also solves the problems of high cost of the permanent magnet synchronous motor and the demagnetization of the magnet.
  • the synchronous reluctance motor does not use the rare earth magnet and the drive controller, and has the advantages of low cost and good reliability. .
  • the synchronous reluctance motor further includes a stator 40 disposed outside the rotor of the asynchronously-start synchronous reluctance motor, between the stator core of the stator 40 and the rotor core 10 of the asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor rotor.
  • the independent magnetic barrier groove 32 having the distance ⁇ , the asynchronous starting synchronous reluctance motor rotor, the complementary groove 214 of the asynchronous starting synchronous reluctance motor rotor and the outer edge of the rotor core 10 have a distance L1 satisfying 0.5 ⁇ L1 ⁇ ⁇ .
  • the distance between the ⁇ stator core and the rotor core 10 is the width of the air gap.
  • the above distance setting can reduce the magnetic flux leakage (leakage flux) between the complementary groove 214 of the asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor rotor and the outer edge of the rotor core 10, increase the magnetic flux of the magnetic flux path, and contribute to the motor output.
  • the synchronous reluctance motor further includes a stator 40 disposed outside the rotor of the asynchronously-start synchronous reluctance motor, between the stator core of the stator 40 and the rotor core 10 of the asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor rotor.
  • the complementary groove 214 having the distance ⁇ , the asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor rotor and the first magnetic barrier portion 21 of the asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor rotor have a distance L2 satisfying 0.5 ⁇ ⁇ L2 ⁇ ⁇ .
  • the above distance setting can reduce the magnetic flux leakage (leakage flux) between the complementary slot 214 of the asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor rotor and the first magnetic barrier portion 21 of the asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor rotor, and increase the magnetic flux of the magnetic flux path. Helps the motor output.
  • the synchronous reluctance motor further includes a stator 40 disposed outside the rotor of the asynchronously-start synchronous reluctance motor, between the stator core of the stator 40 and the rotor core 10 of the asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor rotor.
  • a distance ⁇ and a distance L3 between the communicating magnetic barrier groove 31 and the outer edge of the rotor core 10 satisfies ⁇ ⁇ L3 ⁇ 2 ⁇ .
  • the above distance setting can ensure the structural strength of the synchronous start reluctance motor rotor, prolong the service life of the asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor rotor, and ensure the normal operation of the synchronous reluctance motor.
  • the synchronous reluctance motor further includes a stator 40 disposed outside the rotor of the asynchronously-starting synchronous reluctance motor, and the distance between the two supplementary slots 214 of the rotor of the asynchronously-start synchronous reluctance motor near the q-axis D6, the tooth width K and the distance D6 of the stator core of the stator 40 satisfy D6>K.
  • the above arrangement can prevent the magnetic flux saturation between the two complementary slots 214 of the synchronous reluctance motor rotor near the q-axis asynchronously, while ensuring that the magnetic flux effectively enters the stator teeth to form a torque.
  • the synchronous reluctance motor in this embodiment has a power output of about 10% higher than that of the prior art, and the motor output increases and the motor efficiency increases.
  • the synchronous reluctance motor in this embodiment can start synchronous operation at different initial positions, and the starting capability satisfies the use requirements.
  • the present application also provides a compressor (not shown) including the synchronous reluctance motor described above.
  • a compressor (not shown) including the synchronous reluctance motor described above.
  • the asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor rotor of the second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the structure of the first magnetic barrier portion 21 is different.
  • the rotor core 10 has a central through hole 11 through which the rotating shaft passes.
  • the second curved groove avoids the central through hole 11 and the second arc The groove protrudes toward a side away from the center through hole 11.
  • the above arrangement can eliminate magnetic flux leakage between the complementary slot 214 of the asynchronously-start synchronous reluctance motor rotor and the first magnetic barrier portion 21 of the asynchronously-start synchronous reluctance motor rotor, thereby increasing the magnetic flux in the q-axis direction, thereby increasing The large d and q axis magnetic flux difference increases the torque of the asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor rotor, so that the output of the motor increases and the working efficiency is improved.
  • M is the sum of m1, m2, m3, m4, m5, and m6.
  • the asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor rotor of the third embodiment is different from the second embodiment in that the asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor rotor does not have the independent magnetic barrier groove 32.
  • the asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor rotor does not have an independent magnetic barrier groove, and in the d-axis direction, each complementary groove forms a magnetic flux barrier with the corresponding first magnetic barrier portion; in the q-axis direction, the phase A magnetic flux flow channel is formed between the adjacent two sets of flux barriers, so that the magnetic flux flows in the q-axis direction, and cannot flow in the d-axis direction, thereby increasing the magnetic flux difference in the d and q-axis directions.
  • the asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor rotor produces greater reluctance torque, increasing motor output and working efficiency.
  • the asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor rotor in the fourth embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the complementary groove of the first magnetic barrier structure is different from the first magnetic barrier portion.
  • the supplementary groove of the first magnetic barrier structure and the first magnetic barrier portion do not include the supplementary groove, and all of the first and second magnetic barrier structures are filled with the conductive non-magnetic material.
  • part or all of the first magnetic barrier portions are shaped slots, and at least two sets of first magnetic barrier portions are linear grooves.
  • the first magnetic barrier portion is disposed along the d-axis of the rotor core and extends toward the q-axis, and the groove wall connecting the two ends of the magnetic barrier groove is disposed in parallel with the q-axis, thereby increasing the magnetic flux in the q-axis direction of the asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor rotor.
  • the magnetic flux in the q-axis direction is unimpeded, and the magnetic flux in the d-axis direction is blocked, thereby increasing the difference between the magnetic fluxes in the d-axis direction and the q-axis direction of the asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor rotor, and improving the asynchronous starting synchronous magnetic field.
  • the output power and working efficiency of the resistor rotor is disposed along the d-axis of the rotor core and extends toward the q-axis, and the groove wall connecting the two ends of the magnetic barrier groove is disposed in parallel with the q-axis, thereby increasing the magnetic flux
  • the magnetic flux flow in the q-axis direction between the first magnetic barrier portions and between the first magnetic barrier portion and the connected magnetic barrier groove is ensured to ensure q
  • the magnetic flux in the axial direction is unimpeded, and the d-axis magnetic flux is blocked, thereby increasing the difference between the magnetic fluxes in the d-axis direction and the q-axis direction, so that the synchronous start reluctance motor rotor generates a larger reluctance torque and increases the motor.
  • the asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor rotor of the present application does not use a rare earth magnet, thereby reducing the processing cost of the asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor rotor and improving the operational reliability of the asynchronous start synchronous reluctance motor rotor.

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Abstract

本发明提供了一种异步起动同步磁阻电机转子、电机及压缩机。其中，异步起动同步磁阻电机转子包括转子铁芯，转子铁芯包括：第一磁障结构，包括多组第一磁障部，各第一磁障部沿转子铁芯的d轴间隔设置；第二磁障结构，包括两个沿d轴间隔设置的连通磁障槽，两个连通磁障槽分别位于第一磁障结构的两侧，连通磁障槽为沿转子铁芯的周向延伸的弧形槽，且弧形槽两端的槽壁与q轴平行设置。本发明有效地解决了现有技术中电机的异步起动同步磁阻电机转子工作效率低的问题。

Description

异步起动同步磁阻电机转子、电机及压缩机 技术领域
本发明涉及电机技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种异步起动同步磁阻电机转子、电机及压缩机。
背景技术
异步起动同步磁阻电机结合了感应电机与磁阻电机的结构特点，通过鼠笼感应产生力矩实现起动，通过转子电感差距产生磁阻转矩实现电机的恒转速运行，以使电机直接接电源即可起动运行。异步起动同步磁阻电机与异步起动永磁电机相比，不采用稀土永磁材料，也不存在退磁问题，电机成本低，可靠性好。
在现有技术中，如图1所示，公开号为CN 1255925C的专利提供了一种廉价的容易起动的同步感应电动机及同步感应电动机的制造装置和制造方法，即沿转子铁芯1’的q轴及d轴方向设置有第一狭缝部2’及与第一狭缝部2’连通的第二狭缝部3’。其中，在第二狭缝部3’和第一狭槽部2’内填充导电材料。第一狭缝部2’呈直线状，第二狭缝部3’沿转子铁芯1’的圆周方向等间隔呈放射状设置。
然而，由于第二狭缝部3’的上述结构设置，使得第二狭缝部3’之间的磁通方向朝向垂直于转子铁芯1’的表面流动。第二狭缝部3’阻碍了磁通q轴方向的流通，特别是越靠近d轴的第二狭缝部1’，q轴的磁通阻碍越明显，且d轴磁通流通更顺畅，因此d、q轴的磁通量相差不明显，凸极比不大，电机出力及效率不够。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于提供一种异步起动同步磁阻电机转子、电机及压缩机，以解决现有技术中电机的异步起动同步磁阻电机转子工作效率低的问题。
为了实现上述目的，根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种异步起动同步磁阻电机转子，包括转子铁芯，转子铁芯包括：第一磁障结构，包括多组第一磁障部，各第一磁障部沿转子铁芯的d轴间隔设置；第二磁障结构，包括两个沿d轴间隔设置的连通磁障槽，两个连通磁障槽分别位于第一磁障结构的两侧，连通磁障槽为沿转子铁芯的周向延伸的弧形槽，且弧形槽两端的槽壁与q轴平行设置。
进一步地，部分或全部第一磁障部的两端平行于转子铁芯的q轴。
进一步地，多组第一磁障部为直线槽或第二弧形槽或异形槽中的一种或多种。
进一步地，第一磁障结构还包括：多个补充槽，多个补充槽分别位于第一磁障部的端部与转子铁芯的外边缘之间。
进一步地，补充槽的延伸方向平行于q轴。
进一步地，转子铁芯具有供转轴穿过的中央通孔，部分第一磁障部为异形槽，且各异形槽包括顺次连接的第一直槽段、弧槽段及第二直槽段，且第一直槽段和第二直槽段均平行于q轴，弧槽段朝向远离中央通孔的一侧突出。
进一步地，部分第一磁障部为直线槽，直线槽平行于q轴设置，且直线槽位于连通磁障槽与异形槽之间。
进一步地，第二磁障结构还包括：四个独立磁障槽，四个独立磁障槽两两一组分别位于q轴的两侧，独立磁障槽的延伸方向平行于q轴。
进一步地，同组内的两个独立磁障槽沿d轴对称设置；和/或不同组的独立磁障槽沿q轴对称设置。
进一步地，相邻的两个补充槽之间具有距离D1，相邻的两个弧槽段之间具有距离D2，满足D1≥D2。
进一步地，独立磁障槽与其相邻的两个补充槽之间分别具有距离D3及距离D4，沿d轴方向，直线槽与其相邻的弧槽段之间具有距离D5，满足D3+D4≥D5。
进一步地，靠近q轴的两个补充槽之间具有距离D6，靠近q轴的两个第一直槽段之间具有距离D7，满足D6≥D7。
进一步地，距离D6、距离D1、距离D3及距离D4之间满足D6＞D1和/或D6＞D3和/或D6＞D4。
进一步地，沿d轴方向，中央通孔的孔壁与其相邻的两个弧槽段之间分别具有距离D8及距离D9，满足D8+D9≥D6。
进一步地，全部连通磁障槽及全部第一磁障部的槽宽之和M，中央通孔的孔壁与转子铁芯的外边缘之间具有距离m7，满足
Figure PCTCN2018120929-appb-000001
进一步地，转子铁芯具有供转轴穿过的中央通孔，部分或全部第一磁障部为第二弧形槽时，第二弧形槽避让中央通孔设置，且第二弧形槽朝向远离中央通孔的一侧突出。
进一步地，两个连通磁障槽沿q轴对称设置；和/或连通磁障槽沿d轴对称设置。
进一步地，多组第一磁障部沿q轴对称设置；和/或各第一磁障部沿d轴对称设置。
进一步地，第一磁障结构和/或第二磁障结构内填充导电不导磁材料。
进一步地，转子铁芯的两端还包括铸铝端环，铸铝端环将全部连通磁障槽、补充槽及独立磁障槽连通，形成鼠笼。
进一步地，连通磁障槽的弧度α满足20 0≤α≤60 0。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供了一种电机，包括上述的异步起动同步磁阻电机转子。
进一步地，电机还包括设置在异步起动同步磁阻电机转子外的定子，定子的定子铁芯与异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的转子铁芯之间具有气隙δ，异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的独立磁障槽、异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的补充槽与转子铁芯的外边缘之间均具有距离L1，满足0.5δ≤L1＜δ。
进一步地，电机还包括设置在异步起动同步磁阻电机转子外的定子，定子的定子铁芯与异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的转子铁芯之间具有气隙δ，异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的补充槽与异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的第一磁障部之间具有距离L2，满足0.5δ≤L2＜δ。
进一步地，电机还包括设置在异步起动同步磁阻电机转子外的定子，定子的定子铁芯与异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的转子铁芯之间具有气隙δ，连通磁障槽与转子铁芯的外边缘之间具有距离L3，满足δ≤L3≤2δ。
进一步地，电机还包括设置在异步起动同步磁阻电机转子外的定子，异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的靠近q轴的两个补充槽之间具有距离D6，定子的定子铁芯的齿宽K与距离D6满足D6＞K。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供了一种压缩机，包括上述的电机。
应用本发明的技术方案，异步起动同步磁阻电机转子包括转子铁芯，转子铁芯包括第一磁障结构及第二磁障结构。其中，第一磁障结构包括多组第一磁障部，各第一磁障部沿转子铁芯的d轴间隔设置。第二磁障结构包括两个沿d轴间隔设置的连通磁障槽，两个连通磁障槽分别位于第一磁障结构的两侧，连通磁障槽为沿转子铁芯的周向延伸的弧形槽，且弧形槽两端的槽壁与q轴平行设置。这样，第一磁障部21沿转子铁芯10的d轴间隔设置且朝向q轴延伸，连通磁障槽31的两端的槽壁与q轴平行设置，进而增加异步起动同步磁阻电机转子q轴方向的磁通量，使得q轴方向的磁通无阻碍流通，并对d轴方向上的磁通进行阻隔，进而增加异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的d轴方向与q轴方向的磁通量之差，提高异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的输出功率及工作效率。
在本申请中的异步起动同步磁阻电机转子运行过程中，各第一磁障部21之间和第一磁障部21与连通磁障槽31之间能够进行q轴方向上的磁通流动，保证q轴方向上的磁通无阻碍流通，d轴磁通被阻隔，进而增加d轴方向与q轴方向的磁通量之差，使得异步起动同步磁阻电机转子产生更大的磁阻转矩，增加电机的出力及工作效率。此外，本实施例中的异步起动同步磁阻电机转子不使用磁体，不存在退磁问题，提高异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的工作可靠性，成本低。
附图说明
构成本申请的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中：
图1示出了现有技术中的电机的转子的俯视图；
图2示出了根据本发明的异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的实施例一的立体结构示意图；
图3示出了图2中的异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的俯视图；
图4示出了图3中的异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的去除铸铝端环后的俯视图；
图5示出了图3中的异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的去除铸铝端环后的俯视图；
图6示出了根据本发明的同步磁阻电机的实施例一的俯视图；
图7示出了根据本发明的异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的实施例二的俯视图；
图8示出了本发明中的同步磁阻电机与现有技术中同步磁阻电机的电机出力转矩对比曲线图；
图9示出了本发明中的同步磁阻电机的磁障比与电机出力关系曲线；以及
图10示出了0.85倍额定电机、额定转矩下同步磁阻电机的起动转速曲线。
其中，上述附图包括以下附图标记：
1’、转子铁芯；2’、第一狭缝部；3’、第二狭缝部；10、转子铁芯；11、中央通孔；21、第一磁障部；211、第一直槽段；212、弧槽段；213、第二直槽段；214、补充槽；31、连通磁障槽；32、独立磁障槽；40、定子；50、铸铝端环。
具体实施方式
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明。
需要指出的是，除非另有指明，本申请使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本申请所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
在本发明中，在未作相反说明的情况下，使用的方位词如“上、下”通常是针对附图所示的方向而言的，或者是针对竖直、垂直或重力方向上而言的；同样地，为便于理解和描述，“左、右”通常是针对附图所示的左、右；“内、外”是指相对于各部件本身的轮廓的内、外，但上述方位词并不用于限制本发明。
为了解决现有技术中电机的异步起动同步磁阻电机转子工作效率低的问题，本申请提供了一种异步起动同步磁阻电机转子、电机及压缩机。
实施例一
如图2至图5所示，异步起动同步磁阻电机转子包括转子铁芯10，转子铁芯10包括第一磁障结构及第二磁障结构。其中，第一磁障结构包括多组第一磁障部21，各第一磁障部21沿 转子铁芯10的d轴间隔设置。第二磁障结构包括两个沿d轴间隔设置的连通磁障槽31，两个连通磁障槽31分别位于第一磁障结构的两侧，连通磁障槽31为沿转子铁芯10的周向延伸的弧形槽，且弧形槽两端的槽壁与q轴平行设置。
应用本实施例的技术方案，第一磁障部21沿转子铁芯10的d轴间隔设置且朝向q轴延伸，连通磁障槽31的两端的槽壁与q轴平行设置，进而增加转子q轴方向的磁通量，使得q轴方向的磁通无阻碍流通，并对d轴方向上的磁通进行阻隔，进而增加转子的d轴方向与q轴方向的磁通量之差，提高异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的输出功率及工作效率。
在本实施例中的异步起动同步磁阻电机转子运行过程中，各第一磁障部21之间和第一磁障部21与连通磁障槽31之间能够进行q轴方向上的磁通流动，保证q轴方向上的磁通无阻碍流通，d轴磁通被阻隔，进而增加d轴方向与q轴方向的磁通量之差，使得异步起动同步磁阻电机转子产生更大的磁阻转矩，增加电机的出力及工作效率。此外，本实施例中的异步起动同步磁阻电机转子不使用磁体，不存在退磁问题，提高异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的工作可靠性，成本低。
在本实施例中，减少了现有技术中对异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的q轴方向的磁通的阻碍，进而增加d、q轴磁通量之差，提高电机输出功率及效率。
在本实施例中，转子铁芯10最外层上的连通磁障槽31进一步增加了d轴方向上的磁阻，减小d轴磁通量，又可当做起动鼠笼，用于改善电机起动性能。
如图3至图5所示，部分或全部第一磁障部21的两端平行于转子铁芯10的q轴。这样，在第一磁障部21的两端，上述设置使得d轴方向上的磁通被阻隔，进一步增大d轴方向与q轴方向上的磁通量之差，进而产生更加的磁阻转矩，增加电机出力及工作效率。
如图3至图5所示，部分第一磁障部21为直线槽，部分第一磁障部21为异形槽。这样，针对不同的异步起动同步磁阻电机转子尺寸规格，设计不同的第一磁障部21，进而提高转子铁芯10的利用率，增加异步起动同步磁阻电机转子q轴方向上的磁通量，阻隔异步起动同步磁阻电机转子d轴方向的磁通量，进而增大二者之间的差值，提升异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的工作性能。
如图4所示，第一磁障结构还包括多个补充槽214。其中，多个补充槽214分别位于第一磁障部21的端部与转子铁芯10的外边缘之间。这样，在异步起动同步磁阻电机转子运行过程中，补充槽214与第一磁障部21配合并在二者之间形成多个磁通流动通道，增加异步起动同步磁阻电机转子q轴方向上的磁通量。同时，填入导电材料的补充槽214上能够产生感应转矩实现异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的起动，并拖入同步，且补充槽214与第一磁障部21的合理分布使得异步起动同步磁阻电机转子具有良好的起动及运行性能。
具体地，补充槽214在转子铁芯10的外围，实现异步起动。进一步地，补充槽214的延伸方向平行于q轴，即补充槽214上下壁平行于q轴，通过补充槽214减小磁通d轴磁通量，增加q轴磁通量。这样，第一磁障部21在转子铁芯10的内部，第一磁障部21与其相邻的两 个补充槽214在d轴方向上形成磁通屏障，在q轴方向上形成磁通通道，进而使得大部分磁通沿q轴方向流动，阻碍磁通在d轴方向上的流动，增大两个方向上的磁通差，提高异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的工作效率及出力。
如图4所示，上述设置使得从补充槽214流过的磁通均沿平行于q轴的方向进行流通，异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的d轴方向上的磁通被阻隔，增大了异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的q轴方向的磁通量，进而增大d轴方向与q轴方向上的磁通量之差，使得异步起动同步磁阻电机转子上产生更大的磁阻转矩，提高异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的工作效率。
如图4所示，转子铁芯10具有供转轴穿过的中央通孔11，部分第一磁障部21为异形槽，且各异形槽包括顺次连接的第一直槽段211、弧槽段212及第二直槽段213，且第一直槽段211和第二直槽段213均平行于q轴，弧槽段212朝向远离中央通孔11的一侧突出。
具体地，在异步起动同步磁阻电机转子运行过程中，磁通依次经过一个补充槽214、第一直槽段211、弧槽段212、第二直槽段213及另一个补充槽214，进而使得q轴方向的磁通无阻碍流通，d轴方向上的磁通被阻隔，进而增大d、q轴方向上的磁通量之差，产生更大的磁阻转矩，增加电机的出力及工作效率。
如图4和图5所示，直线槽平行于q轴设置，且直线槽位于连通磁障槽31与异形槽之间。具体地，直线槽为两组，且两组直线槽沿q轴对称设置。在直线槽处，磁通沿q轴方向流动，d轴方向上的磁通被阻隔，保证从直线槽流过的磁通均沿q轴方向流动，进而增大d、q轴方向上的磁通量之差，提高电机的输出功率。
如图4和图5所示，第二磁障结构还包括四个独立磁障槽32。其中，四个独立磁障槽32两两一组分别位于q轴两侧，同组内的两个独立磁障槽32彼此间隔设置，且二者之间的连线平行于q轴，独立磁障槽32位于直线槽与异形槽之间。具体地，在异步起动同步磁阻电机转子运行过程中，独立磁障槽32不与第一磁障部21配合，磁通线从独立磁障槽32的上、下两侧进入至转子铁芯10，之后沿直线槽与异形槽之间的通道进行流动，保证q轴方向磁通流动。另外四个独立磁障槽中填充导电不导磁材料，作为起动鼠笼，提升电机起动能力。
如图4和图5所示，同组内的两个独立磁障槽32沿d轴对称设置，且不同组的独立磁障槽32沿q轴对称设置。上述设置使得转子铁芯10上的磁通屏障对称设置，进而使得磁通对称设置，则使得异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的受力更加均匀，保证异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的平稳运行，减小异步起动同步磁阻电机转子运行过程中产生的振动及噪声，提高用户使用体验。
如图4所示，相邻的两个补充槽214之间具有距离D1，相邻的两个弧槽段212之间具有距离D2，满足D1≥D2。其中，距离D2为相邻的两个弧槽段212之间的最短距离。这样，上述设置能够保证相邻的两个补充槽214之间不会出现磁通过饱和，使得磁通尽可能沿q轴方向流通，进而增加q轴方向上的磁通流量。
如图4所示，独立磁障槽32与其相邻的两个补充槽214之间分别具有距离D3及距离D4，沿d轴方向，直线槽与其相邻的弧槽段212之间具有距离D5，满足D3+D4≥D5。其中，距离D5为直线槽与其相邻的弧槽段212之间的最短距离。这样，上述设置能够防止独立磁障槽32与其相邻的两个补充槽214之间出现磁通过饱和，使得磁通尽可能沿q轴方向流通，进而增加q轴方向上的磁通流量。
如图4所示，靠近q轴的两个补充槽214之间具有距离D6，靠近q轴的两个第一直槽段211之间具有距离D7，满足D6≥D7。这样，上述设置能够防止靠近q轴的两个补充槽214之间出现磁通过饱和，使得磁通尽可能沿q轴方向流通，进而增加q轴方向上的磁通流量。
如图4所示，距离D6、距离D1、距离D3及距离D4之间满足D6＞D1、D6＞D3，且D6＞D4。这样，上述设置使得q轴磁通更集中于q轴，与定子作用产生有效力矩增加电机出力，同时也防止D6出现严重饱和。
如图5所示，沿d轴方向，中央通孔11的孔壁与其相邻的两个弧槽段212之间分别具有距离D8及距离D9，满足D8+D9≥D6。其中，距离D8和距离D9为中央通孔11的孔壁与相邻的两个弧槽段212之间的最短距离。这样，上述设置能够防止中央通孔11的孔壁与其相邻的两个弧槽段212之间出现磁通过饱和，阻碍q轴磁通流量。
如图5所示，全部连通磁障槽31及全部第一磁障部21的槽宽之和M，中央通孔11的孔壁与转子铁芯10的外边缘之间具有距离m7，满足
Figure PCTCN2018120929-appb-000002
其中，M为m1、m2、m3、m4及m5之和。这样，上述设置使得异步起动同步磁阻电机转子具有合理的磁障占比，不仅能够保证足够的磁障宽度，有效阻碍d轴方向上的磁通，还保证合理的磁通通道，防止出现磁通过饱和，增加q轴方向上的磁通，进而增加电机凸极比，增加电机磁阻转矩，增加电机出力。
如图9所示，当磁障比为0.41时，电机的出力最大。从图中可以看出，磁障比太大或太小，电机出力均会下降。
如图4和图5所示，两个连通磁障槽31沿q轴对称设置，且连通磁障槽31沿d轴对称设置。
如图3至图5所示，多组第一磁障部21沿q轴对称设置，且各第一磁障部21沿d轴对称设置。这样，上述设置使得转子铁芯10内的磁障是连续的、形状多样的，进而使得磁通的流通也是连续、多样的，进而使得异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的受力更加均匀，提高异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的运行稳定性。
在本实施例中，在补充槽214和第二磁障结构中填充导电不导磁材料。可选地，导电不导磁材料为铝材质。这样，上述设置能够保证异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的正常起动。
具体地，将铝材质填充至转子铁芯10上相应的槽内形成铸铝，以形成第一磁障部21、连通磁障槽31、补充槽214及独立磁障槽32，其目的是在电机起动时，产生感应电流，与定子电流作用产生感应转矩，使电机起动转动。
需要说明的是，导电不导磁材料的材质不限于此，也可以为其他类型的材质。
如图4和图5所示，连通磁障槽31的弧度α满足20 0≤α≤60 0。这样，上述设置能够进一步增加异步起动同步磁阻电机转子d轴方向上的磁阻，减小d轴磁通量，同时填入导电材料当作起动鼠笼，用于改善异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的起动性能。
在本实施例中，通过合理的磁障及铸铝槽设计，既要保证合理的磁障占比设计，又要保证磁障之间的磁通通道不能出现过饱和，阻碍磁通流动，有效利用异步起动同步磁阻电机转子空间，尽可能增大d、q轴磁通量之差。
如图2和图3所示，异步起动同步磁阻电机转子还包括铸铝端环50。其中，铸铝端环50位于转子铁芯10的两端，通过铸铝端环50将全部连通磁障槽31、补充槽214及独立磁障槽32连通，形成鼠笼。
在本实施例中，转子铁芯10由硅钢片轴向叠压而成。
如图6所示，本申请还提供了一种同步磁阻电机，包括上述的异步起动同步磁阻电机转子。在本实施例中，同步磁阻电机能够实现异步起动和同步运行，并通过第一磁障结构及第二磁障结构增大了电机d轴方向上与q轴方向上的磁通量差，增加电机的凸极比，解决异步电机效率低，转速低的问题，实现高效恒转速运行。此外，本实施例中的同步磁阻电机还解决了永磁同步电机成本高，磁铁退磁等可靠性问题，同步磁阻电机不使用稀土磁体和驱动控制器，具有成本低，可靠性好等特点。
具体地，在同步磁阻电机起动时，鼠笼中产生感应电流，与定子40电流作用产生感应转矩，使得同步磁阻电机起动、转动并牵入同步运行。
如图4和图6所示，同步磁阻电机还包括设置在异步起动同步磁阻电机转子外的定子40，定子40的定子铁芯与异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的转子铁芯10之间具有距离δ，异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的独立磁障槽32、异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的补充槽214与转子铁芯10的外边缘之间均具有距离L1，满足0.5δ≤L1＜δ。其中，距离δ定子铁芯与转子铁芯10之间的气隙宽度。这样，上述距离设置能够减小异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的补充槽214与转子铁芯10的外边缘之间的漏磁(漏磁通量)，增加磁通通道磁通量，有助于电机出力。
如图4和图6所示，同步磁阻电机还包括设置在异步起动同步磁阻电机转子外的定子40，定子40的定子铁芯与异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的转子铁芯10之间具有距离δ，异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的补充槽214与异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的第一磁障部21之间具有距离L2，满足0.5δ≤L2＜δ。这样，上述距离设置能够减小异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的补充槽214与异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的第一磁障部21之间的漏磁(漏磁通量)，增加磁通通道磁通量，有助于电机出力。
如图4和图6所示，同步磁阻电机还包括设置在异步起动同步磁阻电机转子外的定子40，定子40的定子铁芯与异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的转子铁芯10之间具有距离δ，连通磁障槽31与转子铁芯10的外边缘之间具有距离L3，满足δ≤L3≤2δ。这样，上述距离设置能够保证异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的结构强度，延长异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的使用寿命，保证同步磁阻电机的正常运行。
如图5和图6所示，同步磁阻电机还包括设置在异步起动同步磁阻电机转子外的定子40，异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的靠近q轴的两个补充槽214之间具有距离D6，定子40的定子铁芯的齿宽K与距离D6满足D6＞K。这样，上述设置能够防止异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的靠近q轴的两个补充槽214之间的磁通过饱和，同时保证磁通有效进入定子齿，形成转矩。
如图8所示，在同样定子方案及电流作用下，本实施例中的同步磁阻电机出力要比现有技术方案高10％左右，电机出力增加，电机效率提升。
如图10所示，本实施例中的同步磁阻电机在不同初始位置均能起动同步运行，起动能力满足使用要求。
本申请还提供了一种压缩机(未示出)，包括上述的同步磁阻电机。应用本实施例中的同步磁阻电机，使得压缩机的工作性能及工作效率均可得到提升。
实施例二
实施例二中的异步起动同步磁阻电机转子与实施例一的区别在于：第一磁障部21的结构不同。
如图7所示，转子铁芯10具有供转轴穿过的中央通孔11，全部第一磁障部21为第二弧形槽时，第二弧形槽避让中央通孔11设置，且第二弧形槽朝向远离中央通孔11的一侧突出。这样，上述设置能够消除异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的补充槽214与异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的第一磁障部21之间的磁通漏磁，进而增加q轴方向上的磁通量，增大d、q轴磁通量差值，增大异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的转矩，使得电机的出力增加、工作效率得以提升。
在本实施例中，M为m1、m2、m3、m4、m5及m6之和。
实施例三
实施例三中的异步起动同步磁阻电机转子与实施例二的区别在于：异步起动同步磁阻电机转子不具有独立磁障槽32。
在本实施例中，异步起动同步磁阻电机转子不具有独立磁障槽，在d轴方向上，各补充槽均与对应的第一磁障部形成磁通屏障；在q轴方向上，相邻的两组磁通屏障之间形成磁通流动通道，以使磁通在q轴方向上进行流通，在d轴方向不能够流通，进而增大d、q轴方向上的磁通差值，使得异步起动同步磁阻电机转子产生更大的磁阻转矩，增加电机出力及工作效率。
实施例四
实施例四中的异步起动同步磁阻电机转子与实施例一的区别在于：第一磁障结构的补充槽和第一磁障部连通的结构不同。
在本实施例中，第一磁障结构的补充槽和第一磁障部连通不包括补充槽，而且所有第一和第二磁障结构中均填入导电不导磁材料。具体地，部分或全部第一磁障部为异形槽，至少两组第一磁障部为直线槽。这样，针对不同的异步起动同步磁阻电机转子尺寸规格，设计不同的第一磁障部，进而提高转子铁芯的利用率，增加异步起动同步磁阻电机转子q轴方向上的磁通量，阻隔异步起动同步磁阻电机转子d轴方向的磁通量，进而增大二者之间的差值，提升异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的工作性能。
从以上的描述中，可以看出，本发明上述的实施例实现了如下技术效果：
第一磁障部沿转子铁芯的d轴间隔设置且朝向q轴延伸，连通磁障槽的两端的槽壁与q轴平行设置，进而增加异步起动同步磁阻电机转子q轴方向的磁通量，使得q轴方向的磁通无阻碍流通，并对d轴方向上的磁通进行阻隔，进而增加异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的d轴方向与q轴方向的磁通量之差，提高异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的输出功率及工作效率。
在本申请中的异步起动同步磁阻电机转子运行过程中，各第一磁障部之间和第一磁障部与连通磁障槽之间能够进行q轴方向上的磁通流动，保证q轴方向上的磁通无阻碍流通，d轴磁通被阻隔，进而增加d轴方向与q轴方向的磁通量之差，使得异步起动同步磁阻电机转子产生更大的磁阻转矩，增加电机的出力及工作效率。此外，本申请中的异步起动同步磁阻电机转子不使用稀土磁体，进而降低了异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的加工成本，提高异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的工作可靠性。
显然，上述所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分的实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都应当属于本发明保护的范围。
需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本申请的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的，除非上下文另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式，此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在特征、步骤、工作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。
需要说明的是，本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情况下可以互换，以便这里描述的本申请的实施方式能够以除了在这里图示或描述的那些以外的顺序实施。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (27)

  1. 一种异步起动同步磁阻电机转子，包括转子铁芯(10)，其特征在于，所述转子铁芯(10)包括：
    第一磁障结构，包括多组第一磁障部(21)，各所述第一磁障部(21)沿所述转子铁芯(10)的d轴间隔设置；
    第二磁障结构，包括两个沿所述d轴间隔设置的连通磁障槽(31)，两个所述连通磁障槽(31)分别位于所述第一磁障结构的两侧，所述连通磁障槽(31)为沿所述转子铁芯(10)的周向延伸的第一弧形槽，且所述第一弧形槽两端的槽壁与q轴平行设置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的异步起动同步磁阻电机转子，其特征在于，部分或全部所述第一磁障部(21)的两端平行于所述转子铁芯(10)的所述q轴。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的异步起动同步磁阻电机转子，其特征在于，多组所述第一磁障部(21)为直线槽或第二弧形槽或异形槽中的一种或多种。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的异步起动同步磁阻电机转子，其特征在于，所述第一磁障结构还包括：
    多个补充槽(214)，多个所述补充槽(214)分别位于所述第一磁障部(21)的端部与所述转子铁芯(10)的外边缘之间。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的异步起动同步磁阻电机转子，其特征在于，所述补充槽(214)的延伸方向平行于所述q轴。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的异步起动同步磁阻电机转子，其特征在于，所述转子铁芯(10)具有供转轴穿过的中央通孔(11)，部分所述第一磁障部(21)为所述异形槽，且各所述异形槽包括顺次连接的第一直槽段(211)、弧槽段(212)及第二直槽段(213)，且所述第一直槽段(211)和所述第二直槽段(213)均平行于所述q轴，所述弧槽段(212)朝向远离所述中央通孔(11)的一侧突出。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的异步起动同步磁阻电机转子，其特征在于，部分所述第一磁障部(21)为所述直线槽，所述直线槽平行于所述q轴设置，且所述直线槽位于所述连通磁障槽(31)与所述异形槽之间。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的异步起动同步磁阻电机转子，其特征在于，所述第二磁障结构还包括：
    四个独立磁障槽(32)，四个所述独立磁障槽(32)两两一组分别位于所述q轴的两侧，所述独立磁障槽(32)的延伸方向平行于所述q轴。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的异步起动同步磁阻电机转子，其特征在于，
    同组内的两个所述独立磁障槽(32)沿所述d轴对称设置；和/或
    不同组的所述独立磁障槽(32)沿所述q轴对称设置。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的异步起动同步磁阻电机转子，其特征在于，相邻的两个所述补充槽(214)之间具有距离D1，相邻的两个所述弧槽段(212)之间具有距离D2，满足D1≥D2。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的异步起动同步磁阻电机转子，其特征在于，所述独立磁障槽(32)与其相邻的两个所述补充槽(214)之间分别具有距离D3及距离D4，沿所述d轴方向，所述直线槽与其相邻的所述弧槽段(212)之间具有距离D5，满足D3+D4≥D5。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的异步起动同步磁阻电机转子，其特征在于，靠近所述q轴的两个所述补充槽(214)之间具有距离D6，靠近所述q轴的两个所述第一直槽段(211)之间具有距离D7，满足D6≥D7。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的异步起动同步磁阻电机转子，其特征在于，所述距离D6、所述距离D1、所述距离D3及所述距离D4之间满足D6＞D1和/或D6＞D3和/或D6＞D4。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的异步起动同步磁阻电机转子，其特征在于，沿所述d轴方向，所述中央通孔(11)的孔壁与其相邻的两个所述弧槽段(212)之间分别具有距离D8及距离D9，满足D8+D9≥D6。
  15. 根据权利要求6所述的异步起动同步磁阻电机转子，其特征在于，全部所述连通磁障槽(31)及全部所述第一磁障部(21)的槽宽之和M，所述中央通孔(11)的孔壁与所述转子铁芯(10)的外边缘之间具有距离m7，满足
    Figure PCTCN2018120929-appb-100001
  16. 根据权利要求3所述的异步起动同步磁阻电机转子，其特征在于，所述转子铁芯(10)具有供转轴穿过的中央通孔(11)，部分或全部所述第一磁障部(21)为第二弧形槽时，所述第二弧形槽避让所述中央通孔(11)设置，且第二弧形槽朝向远离所述中央通孔(11)的一侧突出。
  17. 根据权利要求1至16中任一项所述的异步起动同步磁阻电机转子，其特征在于，
    两个所述连通磁障槽(31)沿所述q轴对称设置；和/或
    所述连通磁障槽(31)沿所述d轴对称设置。
  18. 根据权利要求1至16中任一项所述的异步起动同步磁阻电机转子，其特征在于，
    多组所述第一磁障部(21)沿所述q轴对称设置；和/或
    各所述第一磁障部(21)沿所述d轴对称设置。
  19. 根据权利要求1至16中任一项所述的异步起动同步磁阻电机转子，其特征在于，所述第一磁障结构和/或所述第二磁障结构内填充导电不导磁材料。
  20. 根据权利要求8至14中任一项所述的异步起动同步磁阻电机转子，其特征在于，所述转子铁芯(10)的两端还包括铸铝端环(50)，所述铸铝端环(50)将全部所述连通磁障槽(31)、所述补充槽(214)及所述独立磁障槽(32)连通，形成鼠笼。
  21. 根据权利要求1至16中任一项所述的异步起动同步磁阻电机转子，其特征在于，所述连通磁障槽(31)的弧度α满足20°≤α≤60°。
  22. 一种电机，其特征在于，包括权利要求1至21中任一项所述的异步起动同步磁阻电机转子。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的电机，其特征在于，所述电机还包括设置在所述异步起动同步磁阻电机转子外的定子(40)，所述定子(40)的定子铁芯与所述异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的转子铁芯(10)之间具有气隙δ，所述异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的独立磁障槽(32)、所述异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的补充槽(214)与所述转子铁芯(10)的外边缘之间均具有距离L1，满足0.5δ≤L1＜δ。
  24. 根据权利要求22所述的电机，其特征在于，所述电机还包括设置在所述异步起动同步磁阻电机转子外的定子(40)，所述定子(40)的定子铁芯与所述异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的转子铁芯(10)之间具有气隙δ，所述异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的补充槽(214)与所述异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的第一磁障部(21)之间具有距离L2，满足0.5δ≤L2＜δ。
  25. 根据权利要求22所述的电机，其特征在于，所述电机还包括设置在所述异步起动同步磁阻电机转子外的定子(40)，所述定子(40)的定子铁芯与所述异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的转子铁芯(10)之间具有气隙δ，所述连通磁障槽(31)与所述转子铁芯(10)的外边缘之间具有距离L3，满足δ≤L3≤2δ。
  26. 根据权利要求22所述的电机，其特征在于，所述电机还包括设置在所述异步起动同步磁阻电机转子外的定子(40)，所述异步起动同步磁阻电机转子的靠近q轴的两个补充槽(214)之间具有距离D6，所述定子(40)的定子铁芯的齿宽K与所述距离D6满足D6＞K。
  27. 一种压缩机，其特征在于，包括权利要求22至26中任一项所述的电机。
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