WO2019109501A1 - 旋拧工具及包括其的汽车换电装置 - Google Patents

旋拧工具及包括其的汽车换电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019109501A1
WO2019109501A1 PCT/CN2018/074577 CN2018074577W WO2019109501A1 WO 2019109501 A1 WO2019109501 A1 WO 2019109501A1 CN 2018074577 W CN2018074577 W CN 2018074577W WO 2019109501 A1 WO2019109501 A1 WO 2019109501A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
screwing
screwing tool
head
motor
speed reducer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/074577
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
丁习坤
Original Assignee
蔚来汽车有限公司
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Publication date
Application filed by 蔚来汽车有限公司 filed Critical 蔚来汽车有限公司
Priority to EP18885237.0A priority Critical patent/EP3736089B1/en
Publication of WO2019109501A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019109501A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P19/00—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes
    • B23P19/04—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes for assembling or disassembling parts
    • B23P19/06—Screw or nut setting or loosening machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B21/00—Portable power-driven screw or nut setting or loosening tools; Attachments for drilling apparatus serving the same purpose
    • B25B21/002—Portable power-driven screw or nut setting or loosening tools; Attachments for drilling apparatus serving the same purpose for special purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B27/00—Hand tools, specially adapted for fitting together or separating parts or objects whether or not involving some deformation, not otherwise provided for
    • B25B27/0035—Hand tools, specially adapted for fitting together or separating parts or objects whether or not involving some deformation, not otherwise provided for for motor-vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of automatic tool technology; in particular, the present invention relates to a screwing tool, and further to an automotive power changing device including the same.
  • Common ways to recharge new energy vehicles include charging mode and power switching mode. Compared with the charging mode, the power-changing mode has the advantage of fast charging speed, which can greatly shorten the energy replenishment time.
  • the vehicle changing device with the automatic tool such as the electric car, is often used. Automatic loading and unloading of new energy vehicle batteries.
  • a first aspect of the invention provides a screwing tool, wherein the screwing tool includes a motor, a speed reducer, and a screwing head, the motor is coupled to the speed reducer, and the motor Driving the screwing head by the speed reducer, wherein
  • the motor and the reducer are arranged at an angle to an axis of the screwing head.
  • the angle is 90 degrees.
  • the screwing tool further has a staggered shaft transmission mechanism, and the staggered shaft transmission mechanism is disposed between the speed reducer and the screwing head, and
  • the staggered shaft transmission mechanism has a first member coaxially coupled to the screwing head and a second member coaxially coupled to the reducer, the first member being adapted to be engaged with the second member Interlaced shaft drive.
  • the first end of the screwing head facing the first member has a drive rod
  • the shape between the drive rod and the first member is Cooperating, thereby limiting relative circumferential rotation between the first member and the drive rod, directing relative axial sliding between the first member and the drive rod.
  • the staggered shaft transmission mechanism is a bevel gear mechanism
  • the first member is a first bevel gear
  • the second member is a second bevel gear.
  • the first bevel gear has a larger size than the second bevel gear.
  • the staggered shaft transmission mechanism is a worm gear mechanism, and a worm wheel in the worm gear mechanism is connected to the screwing head, in the worm gear mechanism A worm is coupled to the reducer.
  • the screwing tool further has a biasing member that biases the screwing head and the first member in opposite directions.
  • the biasing member is a coil spring.
  • the second end of the screwing head remote from the first member has an engaging recess for screwing, and a pin is disposed in the engaging recess And a biasing member is disposed between the pin and the screw recess to bias the pin and the screw recess in opposite directions.
  • a second aspect of the invention provides a vehicle power-changing device, wherein the vehicle power-changing device is equipped with at least one screwing tool according to any of the preceding first aspects.
  • Figure 1 schematically shows, in an exploded view, a screwing tool in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG 2 schematically shows the screwing tool of Figure 1 in an assembled view.
  • Figure 1 schematically shows, in an exploded view, a screwing tool in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the screwing tool may include a motor 1, a speed reducer 2, and a screwing head 3.
  • the motor 1 can be used to power a screwing tool.
  • the speed reducer 2 reduces the motor speed while increasing the output torque and transmitting it to the screwing head 3.
  • the screwing head 3 is adapted to screw a component to be screwed (for example a bolt, not shown) to tighten or loosen it.
  • the engagement of the screwing head 3 with the component to be screwed may have a complementary shape.
  • the engaging portion of the screwing head when the engaging portion of the member to be screwed is a convex portion, the engaging portion of the screwing head may be a concave portion; when the engaging portion of the member to be screwed is a concave portion, the engaging portion of the screwing head may be a convex portion.
  • the specific type of the motor 1 is not particularly limited. It can be understood that in an alternative embodiment, a suitable type of motor (eg, a servo motor) can be selected according to specific needs to implement the driving function.
  • a suitable type of motor eg, a servo motor
  • the screwing action of the screwing head is controlled by a control indication.
  • the motor is actuated by the control of the motor, so that the speed reducer and the screwing head act together to realize the screwing action of the screwing head.
  • the control indications referred to herein are typically implemented in software and can be implemented in an apparatus employing the screwing tool.
  • retarder 2 can be selected as desired.
  • a speed reducer having a desired reduction ratio can be selected according to the needs of the application scenario.
  • any other form of reduced transmission mode is not excluded.
  • a belt drive can be used to protect the product from strong impact.
  • the motor 1 is connected to the speed reducer 2, and the output of the motor 1 can be directly or indirectly input to the speed reducer 2.
  • a connecting shaft (not labeled) provided to the motor 1 can extend into a coupling (not labeled) in the retarder 2, thereby achieving connection of the motor 1 to the speed reducer 2.
  • the speed of the motor is changed by the speed reducer 2, and then the screwing head 3 is driven directly or indirectly by the speed reducer 2 to achieve tightening or unscrewing of the component to be screwed.
  • a bolt is a typical example of a component to be screwed.
  • the screwing head 3 can be used to screw any component that requires a screwing operation; it is only necessary to design the screwing end of the screwing head 3 to the shape of the joint with the component to be screwed. Cooperate.
  • the motor 1 and the speed reducer 2 are arranged at an angle of 90 degrees to the axis of the screwing head 3. This makes the motor and the speed reducer not arranged in the direction of extension of the axis of the screwing head 3, which is advantageous for reducing the longitudinal length of the integral screwing tool, and is suitable for bolts in a compact space (or other components to be screwed, the same below) Perform a screwing operation.
  • the motor and reducer can also be placed at other angles to the axis of the screwing head, such as, but not limited to, 30 degrees, 45 degrees, 60 degrees, or 0 degrees to 180 degrees. Any other angle between the two can also reduce the longitudinal length of the overall screwing tool to some extent.
  • angles described above may be achieved by providing a cardan shaft between the speed reducer 2 and the second member 42. Other ways of achieving the above-described angle change may be used. It will be appreciated that other angles herein may not include a linear angle, i.e., an angle of 0 or 180 degrees, thereby ensuring that the motor and reducer are not in the direction of extension of the axis of the screwing head.
  • the length of the screwing tool along the axial direction of the screwing head 3 is described in "longitudinal direction".
  • the present application intends to explain that by arranging the motor 1 and the speed reducer 2 at an angle to the axis of the screwing head 3 (for example, 90 degrees), the screwing tool is reduced along both the motor 1 and the speed reducer 2
  • the length in the axial direction which causes the length in the axial direction of both the motor 1 and the speed reducer 2 to decrease when the screwing operation is performed on the object to be operated using the screwing tool.
  • the screwing tool according to the present application is particularly advantageous in the case where the operating space has certain limitations in a certain direction.
  • the screwing tool when replacing the battery of a new energy vehicle, the screwing tool according to the present application is used, the lifting height of the vehicle is reduced when the battery is replaced, the space requirement for the power exchange platform is reduced, and the space for arranging the power exchange platform can be reduced. Effective and able to reduce manufacturing costs.
  • the speed reducer 2 does not directly output power to the screwing head 3, but is provided with an interdigitated shaft transmission mechanism 4 therebetween. It can be seen that the output shaft of the speed reducer 2 and the screwing head 3 are interleaved, and the staggered shaft transmission mechanism 4 realizes the transmission between the two. It should be understood that the staggering herein may include in-plane intersections and out-of-plane phase errors, i.e., the input shaft of the staggered shaft drive mechanism 4 is out of plane with the axis of the output shaft.
  • the staggered shaft drive mechanism 4 can be disposed between the speed reducer 2 and the screwing head 3, and the staggered shaft drive mechanism 4 can have a first member 41 coaxially coupled to the screwing head 3 and a reducer 2 coaxially connected second member 42, the first member 41 is adapted to engage the second member 42 for staggered shaft drive.
  • the housing 43 is joined, and the first member 41 and the second member 43 are joined to each other inside the housing 43.
  • the gear ratio between the first member 41 and the second member 43 can be set as desired.
  • the staggered shaft drive mechanism 4 can be provided in the form of a bevel gear mechanism. It can be seen that the first member 41 is a first bevel gear and the second member 42 is a second bevel gear. This bevel gear mechanism can effectively transmit the direction of rotation of the reducer to the screwing head.
  • the size of the first bevel gear in the illustrated example is larger than the second bevel gear.
  • This design is suitable for further decelerating the output of the retarder while increasing the output of the torque.
  • the torque of the wheel of the motor can be effectively increased to meet the demand. It can be seen that with such a screwing tool, it is only necessary to provide a high torque screwing output with a motor with a small output torque.
  • the staggered shaft drive mechanism can be a worm gear mechanism.
  • the worm wheel in the worm gear mechanism is connected as a first member 41 to the screwing head, and the worm in the worm gear mechanism is connected as the second member 42 to the speed reducer 2.
  • the worm gear mechanism can also achieve similar deceleration and increase torque, which helps to achieve high torque output with a small motor.
  • the drive rod 31 can be provided at the first end of the screwing head 3 facing the first member 41.
  • the drive rod 31 and the first member 41 may be form-fitted such that the drive rod 31 and the first member 41 can only slide longitudinally relative to each other, thereby limiting the first member 41 and the drive.
  • the relative circumferential rotation between the rods 31 guides the relative axial sliding between the first member 41 and the drive rod 31.
  • the drive lever 31 is exemplarily shown to have a square cross section, and has a shape-matched square hole 411 in the first member 41 so that the drive lever 31 can be inserted into the square hole In 411, the drive lever 31 and the first member 41 are allowed to slide only in the longitudinal direction with respect to each other.
  • the screwing tool may also have a bias biasing the screwing head 3 and the first member 41 in opposite directions. Pressing member 5.
  • biasing member 5 may be necessary.
  • the components to be screwed such as bolts, etc.
  • the components to be screwed need to be pre-compressed to be effective. Screw it on.
  • the biasing member may be omitted without the need to pre-compact the screwing member.
  • the biasing member 5 may be a coil spring that is wound around the outside of the drive rod 31, and the two ends may abut the screwing head and the first member 41, respectively. It can be appreciated that in other alternative embodiments, other forms of biasing members, particularly resilient biasing members, may also be used, and are not described herein again.
  • the second end of the screwing head 3 remote from the first member 41 has an engagement recess 32 for screwing, in which case the screwing head 3 is in the form of a screwing sleeve.
  • the engagement recess 32 has an internal shape adapted to match the component to be screwed to facilitate circumferential engagement so as to perform a screwing operation on the screwing component.
  • the engaging recess 32 has a concave portion having an inner hexagon shape adapted to engage with a hexagonal bolt head.
  • the shape of the engagement recess and the bolt head is not limited to a hexagonal shape, and any other non-circular shape is suitable.
  • a pin 6 may be provided in the engaging recess 32, and a biasing member 7 may be provided between the pin 6 and the screwing head 3 to bias the pin 6 and the screwing head 3 in opposite directions.
  • the biasing member 7 can also be a coil spring. The engagement of the pin 6 within the engagement recess can be seen more clearly in FIG.
  • the second end of the screwing head 3 remote from the first member 41 may alternatively have an engagement projection for screwing. It can be understood that in this case, the components to be screwed have corresponding matching shapes so that the engaging projections drive the components to be screwed to achieve a screwing operation.
  • FIG 2 schematically shows the screwing tool of Figure 1 in an assembled view.
  • the motor 1, the speed reducer 2, the sleeve 3, and the staggered shaft transmission mechanism 4 of the screwing tool collectively constitute an L-shape.
  • the screwing tools in which the motor 1, the speed reducer 2 and the sleeve 3 are arranged in a straight line it is apparent that the longitudinal dimension is reduced and the occupied space is reduced.
  • the first member 41 is mounted in the housing 43 of the staggered shaft drive mechanism 4 via bearings 9.
  • the spacer 8 may be attached to the end of the driving rod. It can be understood that in different embodiments, the spacer 8 can be joined to the end of the drive rod by bolts or pins, or can be engaged in the circumferential groove at the end of the drive rod to prevent falling off. Still further, in alternative embodiments, a radial latch, snap spring, or the like can be utilized to achieve the same effect.
  • a slot 33 is formed at the side of the screwing head 3.
  • a latch (not shown) can be inserted from the slot 33 so that the end of the latch extends into a longitudinal slot (not shown) on the side of the pin 6,
  • the biased pin 6 can further ensure engagement with the component to be screwed, enhancing operational reliability.
  • the car changing device may be a changing car, which may be adapted to reciprocate between the power changing platform and the battery storage bin, and the battery that needs to be replenished on the new energy car is unloaded and transported to the screw by the screwing tool.
  • the battery storage bin, and the battery that has been charged from the battery storage bin are transported to the power exchange platform and then to the new energy vehicle.
  • the electric change trolley can be a rail-changing trolley or an intelligently controlled trackless trolley.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

一种旋拧工具及包括其的汽车换电装置。旋拧工具包括电机（1）、减速器（2）和旋拧头（3），电机（1）与减速器（2）连接，并且电机（1）通过减速器（2）驱动旋拧头（3），其中电机（1）和减速器（2）布置成与旋拧头（3）的轴线成一定角度。

Description

旋拧工具及包括其的汽车换电装置 技术领域
本发明涉及自动工具技术领域；具体地说，本发明涉及旋拧工具，并进一步涉及包括其的汽车换电装置。
背景技术
近年来，迫于能源短缺和环境污染的压力，新能源汽车得到了广泛关注并迅速发展，越来越普及。
为新能源汽车补能的常见方式包括充电模式和换电模式等。相较于充电模式而言，换电模式具有充能速度快的优点，能够大幅缩短能源补给时间。
由于人工换电效率太低并不适于换电站内的产业应用，所以，为了实现快速高效的自动换电，在新能源汽车换电站中往往通过带有自动工具的汽车换电装置例如换电小车进行新能源汽车电池的自动装载和卸载。
发明内容
本发明的一个方面的目的在于提供一种改进的旋拧工具。
本发明的另一方面的目的在于提供一种改进的汽车换电装置。
为了实现前述目的，本发明的第一方面提供了一种旋拧工具，其中，所述旋拧工具包括电机、减速器和旋拧头，所述电机与所述减速器连接，并且所述电机通过所述减速器驱动所述旋拧头，其中
所述电机和所述减速器布置成与所述旋拧头的轴线成一定角度。
可选地，在如前所述的旋拧工具中，所述角度为90度。
可选地，在如前所述的旋拧工具中，所述旋拧工具还具有交错轴传动机构，所述交错轴传动机构设置在所述减速器与所述旋拧头之间，并且所述交错轴传动机构具有与所述旋拧头同轴相接的第一构件和与所述减速器同轴相接的第二构件，所述第一构件适于与所述第二构件接合实现交错轴传动。
可选地，在如前所述的旋拧工具中，所述旋拧头的朝向所述第一构件的第一端部具有驱动杆，所述驱动杆与所述第一构件之间为形状配合，从而限制所述第一构件与所述驱动杆之间的相对周向转动、引导所述第一构件与所述驱动杆之间的相对轴向滑动。
可选地，在如前所述的旋拧工具中，所述交错轴传动机构为锥齿轮机构，并且，所述第一构件为第一锥齿轮，所述第二构件为第二锥齿轮，所述第一锥齿轮的尺寸大于所述第二 锥齿轮。
可选地，在如前所述的旋拧工具中，所述交错轴传动机构为蜗轮蜗杆机构，并且，所述蜗轮蜗杆机构中的蜗轮连接所述旋拧头，所述蜗轮蜗杆机构中的蜗杆连接所述减速器。
可选地，在如前所述的旋拧工具中，所述旋拧工具还具有沿相反方向偏压所述旋拧头和所述第一构件的偏压构件。
可选地，在如前所述的旋拧工具中，所述偏压构件为螺旋弹簧。
可选地，在如前所述的旋拧工具中，所述旋拧头的远离所述第一构件的第二端部具有用于旋拧的啮合凹部，在所述啮合凹部内设置有销，并且所述销和所述旋拧凹部之间设置有偏压构件，沿相反方向偏压所述销和所述旋拧凹部。
为了实现前述目的，本发明的第二方面提供了一种汽车换电装置，其中，所述汽车换电装置上装备有至少一个如前述第一方面中任一项所述的旋拧工具。
附图说明
参照附图，本发明的公开内容将更加显然。应当了解，这些附图仅仅用于说明的目的，而并非意在对本发明的保护范围构成限制。图中：
图1以分解图示意性地示出了根据本发明的一种实施方式的旋拧工具；以及
图2以组装图示意性地示出了图1中的旋拧工具。
具体实施方式
下面参照附图详细地说明本发明的具体实施方式。在各附图中，相同的附图标记表示相同或相应的技术特征。
图1以分解图示意性地示出了根据本发明的一种实施方式的旋拧工具。
如图中所示，该旋拧工具可以包括电机1、减速器2和旋拧头3。在图示实施方式中，电机1可以用于为旋拧工具提供动力。减速器2可降低电机转速，同时增大输出扭矩并传递至旋拧头3。旋拧头3适于旋拧待旋拧部件(例如螺栓，未图示)，以对其进行拧紧或拧松。
可以了解，旋拧头3与待旋拧部件的接合部可以具有互补的形状。例如，当待旋拧部件的接合部为凸部时，旋拧头的接合部可以为凹部；当待旋拧部件的接合部为凹部时，旋拧头的接合部可以为凸部。
在本申请中，并不特别限定电机1的具体类型。可以了解，在可选的实施方式中，可以根据具体需要选择合适类型的电机(例如伺服电机)来实现驱动功能。作为示例，借由控制指示来控制旋拧头的旋拧动作。作为一个更具体的示例，借由对电机的控制来使得电机 动作，从而减速器、旋拧头一起动作，实现旋拧头的旋拧动作。应理解到，在此提到的控制指示通常以软件形式实现，且可以被实现在采用该旋拧工具的设备中。
类似地，在不同的实施方式中，可根据需要选择不同形式的减速器2。例如，可根据应用场景的需要，选择具有期望的减速比的减速器。在本申请的示例中，但是可以了解，在可选的实施方式中，并不排除任何其它形式的减速传动方式。在可选的实施方式中，采用带传动可以保护产品免于强烈冲击。
如图中所示，电机1与减速器2连接，电机1的输出可以直接或间接地输入到减速器2。示例而非限制地，设置于电机1的连接轴(未标识)能够伸入到减速器2中的联轴器(未标识)，从而实现电机1与减速器2的连接。通过减速器2对电机的转速进行改变，然后再由减速器2直接或间接地驱动旋拧头3，实现对待旋拧部件的拧紧或拧松。螺栓是待旋拧部件的一个典型示例。但是，可以了解，除了螺栓以外，旋拧头3可以用于旋拧任何需要旋拧操作的部件；仅需要的是将旋拧头3的旋拧端设计成与待旋拧部件的接合部形状配合。
在图示实施方式中，电机1和减速器2布置成与旋拧头3的轴线成90度的角度。这使得电机和减速器未布置在旋拧头3的轴线的延伸方向上，有利于缩小整体旋拧工具的纵向长度，适于对紧凑空间内的螺栓(或其它待旋拧部件，下同)进行旋拧操作。可以了解，在可选的实施方式中，也可以将电机和减速器布置成与旋拧头的轴线成其它角度，例如但不限于30度、45度、60度，或者0度至180度之间的其它任何角度，也能够一定程度地减小整体旋拧工具的纵向长度。应理解到，可以通过在减速器2与第二构件42之间设置万向轴的方式来实现上述其它角度，其它能够实现上述角度变换的方式亦可。可以理解，此处的其它角度可以不包括直线角度，即0度或180度的角度，从而保证电机和减速器不在旋拧头的轴线的延伸方向上。
在本申请所有的示例中，以“纵向”来描述旋拧工具沿着旋拧头3的轴向方向的长度。本申请意在说明的是，通过将电机1和减速器2布置成与旋拧头3的轴线成一定角度(例如90度)，减小了旋拧工具沿电机1与减速器2两者的轴向方向的长度，这使得在使用该旋拧工具对被操作对象进行旋拧操作时，沿电机1与减速器2两者的轴向的长度减小。在操作空间在某一方向具有一定局限性的情况下，根据本申请的旋拧工具特别具有优点。例如，在更换新能源汽车的电池时，采用根据本申请的旋拧工具，更换电池操作时汽车的举升高度减小、对换电平台的空间要求降低，能够减小布置换电平台的空间有效性并且能够降低制造成本。
在图示的实施方式中，减速器2并未直接输出动力至旋拧头3，而是在其间设置有交 错轴传动机构4。可以看出，减速器2的输出轴与旋拧头3相互交错，该交错轴传动机构4实现了二者之间的传动。应当了解，此处的交错可以包括同面内的相交以及异面的相错，即，交错轴传动机构4的输入轴与输出轴的轴线是异面的。
如图所示，交错轴传动机构4可以设置在减速器2与旋拧头3之间，并且交错轴传动机构4可以具有与旋拧头3同轴相接的第一构件41和与减速器2同轴相接的第二构件42，第一构件41适于与第二构件42接合实现交错轴传动。为了保护第一构件41和第二构件42，如图中还示出了壳体43，第一构件41和第二构件43在壳体43内部互相接合。
在可选的实施方式中，可以根据需要设置第一构件41和第二构件43之间的传动比。
在图示的具体示例中，交错轴传动机构4可以设置成锥齿轮机构的形式。可以看出，第一构件41为第一锥齿轮，第二构件42为第二锥齿轮。这种锥齿轮机构能够有效地将减速器的转动输出改变方向传递给旋拧头。
图示示例中第一锥齿轮的尺寸大于第二锥齿轮。此设计适于对减速器的输出进一步减速，同时增加扭矩的输出。通过电机至减速器、减速器至锥齿轮机构的二级减速，能够有效地将电机的轮子出扭矩适当地增大，以满足需求。可见，通过如此设计的旋拧工具，仅需要配以输出扭矩很小的电机就能够实现大扭矩的旋拧输出。
可以理解，在可选的实施方式中也可以采用其它形式的交错轴传动机构。例如，交错轴传动机构可以为蜗轮蜗杆机构。在这种情况下，蜗轮蜗杆机构中的蜗轮作为第一构件41连接旋拧头，蜗轮蜗杆机构中的蜗杆作为第二构件42连接减速器2。可见，蜗轮蜗杆机构也可以实现类似的减速及增大扭矩的作用，有助于采用小型电机实现大扭矩输出。
在上述采用小型电机实现大扭矩输出的情况下，有利于进一步地减小旋拧工具的装配尺寸、制造成本等。
可以了解，在可选的实施方式中，也可以考虑省去交错轴传动机构，而在减速器2与旋拧头3之间直接实现交错轴连接。这样使得旋拧工具的结构更加紧凑，有利于产品的小型化，节省操作空间，降低制造成本。
如图中所示，在旋拧头3的朝向第一构件41的第一端部可以具有驱动杆31。在图示实施方式中，驱动杆31与第一构件41之间可以为形状配合，使得驱动杆31与第一构件41之间仅能够相对于彼此沿纵向滑动，从而限制第一构件41与驱动杆31之间的相对周向转动、引导第一构件41与驱动杆31之间的相对轴向滑动。
具体地，在图示的实施方式中，示例性地将驱动杆31示出为具有方形的截面，并且 在第一构件41中具有形状匹配的方孔411，从而驱动杆31能够插入到方孔411内，使得驱动杆31和第一构件41仅能够相对于彼此沿纵向滑动。
为了便于旋拧工具在进行旋拧操作时能够缓冲冲击，同时能够保证其始终与待旋拧的部件接合，旋拧工具还可以具有沿相反方向偏压旋拧头3和第一构件41的偏压构件5。
在某此情况下，偏压构件5可能是必要的。例如，在一种情况下，待旋拧部件例如螺栓等是预装到电池包上的，在将电池包对齐到新能源汽车的电池安装位置处后，需要预先压紧待旋拧部件才能有效地对其进行旋拧操作。同样，可以了解，在某些具体的实施方式中，在不需要对待旋拧部件进行预先压紧的情况下，可以省略该偏压构件。
在图示实施方式中，偏压构件5可以为螺旋弹簧，其绕在驱动杆31外部，两个末端可以分别抵接旋拧头和第一构件41。可以了解，在可选的其它实施方式中，也可以选用其它形式的偏压件，尤其是弹性偏压件，此处不再一一赘述。
旋拧头3的远离第一构件41的第二端部具有用于旋拧的啮合凹部32，此时旋拧头3呈旋拧套筒的形式。啮合凹部32内具有适于与待旋拧部件相匹配的内部形状，以便于二者周向接合，从而对待旋拧部件进行旋拧操作。例如，当待旋拧部件为六角头螺栓时，啮合凹部32则具呈内六角形的凹部，适于与六角的螺栓头接合。可以了解，啮合凹部与螺栓头的形状并不局限于六角形状，任何的其它非圆形状均是适用的。
在啮合凹部32内可以设置有销6，并且销6和旋拧头3之间也可以设置有偏压构件7，沿相反方向偏压销6和旋拧头3。偏压构件7也可以是螺旋弹簧。在图2中能够更清楚的看出销6在啮合凹部内的接合。
在可选的实施方式中，旋拧头3的远离第一构件41的第二端部可以替代地具有用于旋拧的啮合凸部。可以理解，在这种情况下，待旋拧部件具有相应的匹配形状，以便于啮合凸部驱动待旋拧部件，实现旋拧操作。
图2以组装图示意性地示出了图1中的旋拧工具。
从图中可以看出，在该实施方式中，旋拧工具的电机1、减速器2、套筒3及交错轴传动机构4共同构成L型。这与电机1、减速器2及套筒3等沿直线一字排开的旋拧工具相比，显然减小了纵向尺寸、减小了占用空间。
依据图2，第一构件41通过轴承9安装在交错轴传动机构4的壳体43内。为了防止旋拧头3的驱动杆从第一构件41的孔内脱落，保证旋拧工具的工作可靠性，可以在驱动杆的末端安装有垫片8。可以理解，在不同的实施方式中垫片8既可以通过螺栓或销等接合至驱动杆的末端，或者也可以卡合在驱动杆末端的周向凹槽内，起到防脱落的作用。更进一步 地，在可选的实施方式中，也可以采用径向上的插销、卡簧等来实现同样的作用。
从图2中还可以看出，在旋拧头3的侧面处形成有插槽33。当销6从旋拧头3的啮合凹部32插入后，可以从插槽33插入插销(未图示)，使插销的末端伸到销6的侧面上的纵向滑槽(未图示)内，从而销6能够在旋拧头3的啮合凹部32内纵向滑移而不会脱落。该受偏压的销6能够进一步保证与待旋拧部件的接合，增强操作可靠性。
本发明的另一方面还提供了一种汽车换电装置，该汽车换电装置上可以装备有至少一个如前述任一项实施方式中所述的旋拧工具。可以了解，如此设置的汽车换电装置将具有相应的优点。例如，该汽车换电装置可以是一种换电小车，可以适于在换电平台与电池存储仓之间往返，通过旋拧工具将新能源汽车上的需补能的电池卸下并运到电池存储仓，以及从电池存储仓泊接已经完成充电的电池并运到换电平台、进而安装至新能源汽车。在不同的实施方式中，这种换电小车可以是有轨换电小车或者智能控制的无轨道小车。
本发明的技术范围不仅仅局限于上述说明中的内容，本领域技术人员可以在不脱离本发明技术思想的前提下，对上述实施方式进行多种变形和修改，而这些变形和修改均应当属于本发明的范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种旋拧工具，其特征在于，所述旋拧工具包括电机、减速器和旋拧头，所述电机与所述减速器连接，并且所述电机通过所述减速器驱动所述旋拧头，其中
    所述电机和所述减速器布置成与所述旋拧头的轴线成一定角度。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的旋拧工具，其中，所述角度为90度。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的旋拧工具，其中，所述旋拧工具还具有交错轴传动机构，所述交错轴传动机构设置在所述减速器与所述旋拧头之间，并且所述交错轴传动机构具有与所述旋拧头同轴相接的第一构件和与所述减速器同轴相接的第二构件，所述第一构件适于与所述第二构件接合实现交错轴传动。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的旋拧工具，其中，所述旋拧头的朝向所述第一构件的第一端部具有驱动杆，所述驱动杆与所述第一构件之间为形状配合，从而限制所述第一构件与所述驱动杆之间的相对周向转动、引导所述第一构件与所述驱动杆之间的相对轴向滑动。
  5. 如权利要求3或4所述的旋拧工具，其中，所述交错轴传动机构为锥齿轮机构，并且，所述第一构件为第一锥齿轮，所述第二构件为第二锥齿轮，所述第一锥齿轮的尺寸大于所述第二锥齿轮。
  6. 如权利要求3或4所述的旋拧工具，其中，所述交错轴传动机构为蜗轮蜗杆机构，并且，所述蜗轮蜗杆机构中的蜗轮连接所述旋拧头，所述蜗轮蜗杆机构中的蜗杆连接所述减速器。
  7. 如权利要求3或4所述的旋拧工具，其中，所述旋拧工具还具有沿相反方向偏压所述旋拧头和所述第一构件的偏压构件。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的旋拧工具，其中，所述偏压构件为螺旋弹簧。
  9. 如权利要求3所述的旋拧工具，其中，所述旋拧头的远离所述第一构件的第二端部具有用于旋拧的啮合凹部，在所述啮合凹部内设置有销，并且所述销和所述旋拧凹部之间设置有偏压构件，沿相反方向偏压所述销和所述旋拧凹部。
  10. 一种汽车换电装置，其特征在于，所述汽车换电装置上装备有至少一个如前述权利要求1至9中任一项所述的旋拧工具。
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