WO2019095624A1 - 囊体材料、其原料组合物及浮空器 - Google Patents

囊体材料、其原料组合物及浮空器 Download PDF

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WO2019095624A1
WO2019095624A1 PCT/CN2018/083657 CN2018083657W WO2019095624A1 WO 2019095624 A1 WO2019095624 A1 WO 2019095624A1 CN 2018083657 W CN2018083657 W CN 2018083657W WO 2019095624 A1 WO2019095624 A1 WO 2019095624A1
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Prior art keywords
photoinitiator
ultraviolet
film layer
capsule material
oligomer
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PCT/CN2018/083657
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘若鹏
栾琳
林志峰
王文剑
宁荣
谢平
宋阳阳
文攀
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东莞前沿技术研究院
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Publication of WO2019095624A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019095624A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J7/00Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
    • C08J7/04Coating
    • C08J7/06Coating with compositions not containing macromolecular substances
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/18Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/40Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyurethanes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64BLIGHTER-THAN AIR AIRCRAFT
    • B64B1/00Lighter-than-air aircraft
    • B64B1/58Arrangements or construction of gas-bags; Filling arrangements
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J3/00Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
    • C08J3/24Crosslinking, e.g. vulcanising, of macromolecules
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L23/00Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L23/02Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08L23/04Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
    • C08L23/06Polyethene
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L75/00Compositions of polyureas or polyurethanes; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L75/04Polyurethanes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of high-altitude flight equipment materials, and in particular to a capsule material, a raw material composition thereof and an aerostat.
  • the high-altitude aerostats in the adjacent space (currently the consensus of neighboring spaces on the adjacent space refers to the airspace range of 20-100 km above sea level) has great application prospects. Due to the harsh space environment and strong solar radiation, it must contain an anti-aging layer with excellent performance to resist the comprehensive aging effect brought by ultraviolet rays and ozone in the adjacent space. At the same time, a light-shielding layer is needed to prevent damage of the inner layer material by solar radiation.
  • UV resistance there are two common treatment methods for UV resistance: one is to apply a layer of anti-ultraviolet film on the outer surface of the aerosol capsule; one is to add to the components of the aerosol capsule material.
  • Anti-UV agent to increase its UV resistance.
  • the service life of the former is obviously limited, and the anti-ultraviolet film layer will gradually fail after absorbing a large amount of ultraviolet rays, losing the anti-UV function, failing to meet the requirements of the long-term flight time of the spacecraft, and making the weight of the product.
  • Significantly increased can not meet the requirements of lightweighting of high-altitude aerostats.
  • the latter avoids a significant decrease in the strength after ultraviolet irradiation, the elongation of the material is difficult to maintain due to the chemical conversion of the ultraviolet absorber in the composition.
  • the main object of the present invention is to provide a capsule material, a raw material composition thereof and an aerostat to solve the problem of poor ultraviolet resistance of the capsule material of the prior art aerostat.
  • a raw material composition of a capsule material comprising a UV-excited crosslinked polymer starting material and an ultraviolet photoinitiator.
  • the polymer raw material is a PE oligomer, an ethylene monomer, a TPU oligomer or a monomer forming a TPU oligomer.
  • the ultraviolet photoinitiator is selected from the group consisting of a TPO photoinitiator, an ITX photoinitiator, an EDB photoinitiator, a BDK photoinitiator or a CBP photoinitiator.
  • the ultraviolet photoinitiator is separately present in the form of a solution and the polymer raw material, and preferably the mass percentage of the ultraviolet photoinitiator in the solution is 0.01 to 15%, preferably 1 to 15%.
  • the ultraviolet photoinitiator is present in the form of a mixture with the polymer starting material.
  • the ultraviolet photoinitiator has a mass percentage of 0.01% to 6%, preferably 0.05% to 5%.
  • a capsule material comprising a film layer which is ultraviolet-excitable and crosslinked is provided.
  • the ultraviolet-excitable cross-linked film layer includes an oligomer film layer and an ultraviolet photoinitiator film layer disposed on one surface of the oligomer film layer, and preferably the oligomer film layer is selected from a PE film layer or a TPU. a film layer; more preferably, the ultraviolet photoinitiator film layer is obtained by coating an ultraviolet photoinitiator into a solution on one surface of the oligomer film layer, and further preferably, the mass percentage of the ultraviolet photoinitiator in the solution The content is from 0.01 to 15%, preferably from 1 to 15%, more preferably from 8 to 15%.
  • the ultraviolet-excitable crosslinked film layer is a film layer of a mixture of a polymer raw material and an ultraviolet photoinitiator, preferably the polymer material is selected from the group consisting of PE oligomers, ethylene monomers, TPU oligomers or TPU oligomers.
  • the monomer more preferably, the mass percentage of the ultraviolet photoinitiator in the film layer of the mixture is from 0.01% to 6%, preferably from 0.05% to 5%, further preferably from 1% to 4%.
  • the ultraviolet photoinitiator is selected from the group consisting of a TPO photoinitiator, an ITX photoinitiator, an EDB photoinitiator, a BDK photoinitiator or a CBP photoinitiator.
  • an aerostat comprising a balloon material prepared from any of the above-described balloon materials.
  • the atmospheric environment resisting the adjacent space is converted into the use of the atmospheric environment, and the raw material of the composition for preparing the capsule material can be utilized as ultraviolet light.
  • the polymeric raw material and the ultraviolet light initiator of the reaction conditions of the diplomatic union enable the capsule material prepared by using the raw material composition to be in the adjacent space, and fully utilize the excitation of the ultraviolet light intensity in the adjacent space to enhance the material. Anti-ultraviolet radiation performance and barrier properties.
  • FIG. 1 and 2 illustrate schematic diagrams of the self-reinforcing properties of a balloon material in a proximity space environment in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present application, wherein
  • Figure 1 shows a UV photoinitiator prepared as a solution, applied to the surface of a polymer film to form a coating, so that the capsule material is enhanced in cross-linking under ultraviolet light conditions;
  • FIG. 2 shows that the UV photoinitiator is added directly to the film stock to enhance the formation of the balloon material by UV excitation crosslinking.
  • a raw material composition of a balloon material comprising a polymer material which is ultraviolet-excitable and cross-linked and ultraviolet light-inducing is provided. Agent.
  • the raw material composition of the capsule material of the present application by utilizing the characteristics of strong ultraviolet radiation in the adjacent space in reverse, the atmospheric environment resisting the adjacent space is converted into the atmospheric environment, and the raw material of the composition for preparing the capsule material is included.
  • the polymer material and the ultraviolet light initiator which are used as the reaction conditions of the ultraviolet crosslinking by ultraviolet irradiation, so that the capsule material prepared by using the raw material composition is in the adjacent space, and fully utilizes the ultraviolet light intensity of the adjacent space.
  • FIG. 1 is a UV photoinitiator solution, applied to the surface of the polymer film, made The coating layer is formed to enhance the cross-linking of the capsule material under ultraviolet light conditions;
  • FIG. 2 is that the ultraviolet photoinitiator is directly added to the film raw material, so that the formed capsule material is enhanced by ultraviolet excitation crosslinking.
  • the polymer raw material capable of being cross-linked by ultraviolet excitation may be a polymer raw material used for preparing a capsule material, for example, it may be a PE oligomer or a monomer thereof, TPU. Oligomer or its monomer.
  • the polymer material is a PE oligomer, an ethylene monomer, a TPU oligomer or a monomer thereof. More preferably, the polymer material is a PE oligomer or a monomer thereof.
  • the crystallinity is relatively high, and it is not easy to produce cross-linking.
  • the crystallinity of PE oligomers is more suitable.
  • UV irradiation the cross-linking effect is more obvious, so in different atmospheric environments, not only It automatically enhances UV resistance and automatically enhances barrier properties.
  • any ultraviolet photoinitiator capable of exciting the above-mentioned polymer raw material to be subjected to ultraviolet crosslinking is suitable for the present application.
  • the ultraviolet photoinitiator is selected from the group consisting of TPO photoinitiator, ITX photoinitiator, EDB photoinitiator, BDK photoinitiator or CBP, in view of the speed and efficiency of UV-induced curing. Photoinitiator.
  • TPO photoinitiator also known as 2,4,6 (trimethylbenzoyl) diphenylphosphine oxide or diphenyl-(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide, has an absorption wavelength of 273 ⁇ 370nm.
  • the ITX photoinitiator is called 2 isopropyl thioxanthone (2,4 isomer mixture) and is a highly efficient free radical (II) photoinitiator with an absorption wavelength of 258-382 nm.
  • the chemical name of EDB photoinitiator is 4-dimethylamino-benzoic acid ethyl ester. It is a highly efficient amine complexing agent.
  • BDK photoinitiator is benzoin dimethyl ether with an absorption wavelength of 205-253 nm.
  • CBP photoinitiator 4-chlorobenzophenone with an absorption wavelength of 254 nm, and the initiator exhibits a low odor.
  • the amount of the ultraviolet photoinitiator is appropriately determined depending on the specific kind of the polymer raw material and the specific kind of the initiator. In order to improve the ultraviolet radiation resistance of the capsule material to be prepared in the adjacent space, the light weight requirement is also met.
  • the ultraviolet photoinitiator is in solution and the polymer. The raw materials are separately present, so that after the formation of the oligomer film layer of the polymer raw material, the solution containing the ultraviolet photoinitiator is coated on the oligomer film layer to form a film layer having ultraviolet-excitable cross-linking.
  • Such a material When such a material is in a strong ultraviolet irradiation environment in space, it can absorb ultraviolet rays in the environment to initiate crosslinking of the oligomer film layer, thereby not only functioning as an anti-ultraviolet, but also making the structure of the material more stable and more effective. Good barrier effect.
  • the mass percentage of the ultraviolet light initiator in the solution can be reasonably set according to specific needs.
  • the mass percentage of the ultraviolet photoinitiator in the solution is from 0.01 to 15%, preferably from 1 to 15%.
  • the viscosity of the solution is suitable for easy coating, and the polymer raw material can be subjected to different degrees of cross-linking polymerization by the ultraviolet photoinitiator in the case of ultraviolet irradiation, thereby improving the anti-ultraviolet property.
  • the above ultraviolet photoinitiator is present in the form of the above polymer starting materials and mixtures.
  • the film composition prepared by the raw material composition thus formed also contains an ultraviolet photoinitiator, so that crosslinking polymerization of the polymer raw material can be initiated under ultraviolet irradiation, and the ultraviolet resistance of the polymerization product can be improved.
  • the mass percentage of the ultraviolet photoinitiator in the above mixture is preferably from 0.01% to 6%, preferably from 0.05% to 5%. Within this range of levels, the UV photoinitiator is also capable of initiating different levels of cross-linking polymerization of the polymer starting material.
  • a balloon material that includes an ultraviolet-excitable cross-linked film layer.
  • the capsule material of the present application comprising an ultraviolet-excitable cross-linked film layer, as shown in FIG. 1, can fully utilize the ultraviolet light to excite the cross-linking of the film layer in the capsule material under the environment of high ultraviolet radiation in the adjacent space.
  • Polymerization which not only improves the UV resistance, but also improves the barrier properties and protects the inner layer material from the damage of the adjacent space atmosphere.
  • the ultraviolet-excitable crosslinked film layer includes an oligomer film layer and an ultraviolet photoinitiator film layer disposed on one surface of the oligomer film layer. Upon ultraviolet irradiation, the oligomer film layer is polymerized under the initiation of an ultraviolet photoinitiator.
  • the oligomer film layer serves as a barrier layer, and the ultraviolet photoinitiator film layer disposed on one surface of the oligomer film layer is used to initiate the oligomer film under ultraviolet light irradiation in the adjacent space.
  • the layer undergoes cross-linking polymerization to form a polymer film layer having a higher degree of polymerization, and the polymer film layer having a higher degree of polymerization has both higher ultraviolet resistance and improved barrier properties.
  • One surface of the oligomer film layer refers to a surface of the oligomer film layer which is irradiated with ultraviolet light when the capsule layer is prepared, that is, the ultraviolet photoinitiator film layer is disposed on the ultraviolet light incident oligomer film layer. on the surface.
  • the specific oligomer film layer described above may be selected from a conventional polymer material capable of being polymerized by ultraviolet light and polymerized to some extent.
  • the oligomer film layer is selected from the group consisting of a PE film layer or a TPU film layer.
  • the PE film layer of the oligomer is more likely to undergo cross-linking polymerization when excited by ultraviolet light, so that the ultraviolet resistance and the barrier property are more improved.
  • the specific method of providing the ultraviolet photoinitiator film layer on one surface of the oligomer film layer is not limited. It is preferably obtained by coating an ultraviolet photoinitiator into a solution on one surface of the oligomer film layer.
  • the method is convenient to operate, and the oligomer film layer can be prepared in batches, and then the initiator coating is uniformly applied, thereby being mass-produced.
  • the mass percentage of the ultraviolet photoinitiator in the solution can be reasonably optimized and adjusted according to the specific type of the ultraviolet photoinitiator and the type of the oligomer film layer.
  • the mass percentage of the ultraviolet photoinitiator in the solution is from 0.01 to 15%, more preferably from 1 to 15%, still more preferably from 8 to 15%.
  • the ultraviolet-excitable crosslinked film layer is a film layer of a mixture of a polymer raw material and an ultraviolet photoinitiator.
  • the film layer contains both a raw material of a polymer functioning as a barrier and an ultraviolet photoinitiator, and the ultraviolet photoinitiator is dispersed in the raw material of the polymer, and in the case of being excited by ultraviolet light, in the film layer of the mixture.
  • the UV-based initiator can initiate further polymerization of the polymer material, which not only improves the UV resistance but also improves the barrier properties.
  • the above polymer raw material is preferably selected from the group consisting of a PE oligomer, an ethylene monomer, a TPU oligomer or a monomer forming a TPU oligomer, and more preferably, the mass percentage of the ultraviolet photoinitiator in the film layer of the mixture is 0.01. % to 6%, preferably 0.05 to 5%, further preferably 1% to 4%.
  • the ultraviolet light initiator in the above ultraviolet photoinitiator film layer can be appropriately selected from the existing ultraviolet photoinitiators according to the specific ultraviolet absorption performance required.
  • the ultraviolet photoinitiator in the ultraviolet photoinitiator film layer is selected from the group consisting of a TPO photoinitiator, an ITX photoinitiator, an EDB photoinitiator, a BDK photoinitiator, or a CBP photoinitiator.
  • the capsule material formed by disposing the ultraviolet photoinitiator film layer on the oligomer film layer or the capsule material layer containing the mixture layer of the polymer material and the ultraviolet photoinitiator can be directly used for the high air ball (such as Google Balloon or Nasa Balloon) applications without the need to add other fiber materials. This is different from the skin made of traditional fiber-based materials.
  • the capsule material may also include a load-bearing film layer disposed on the surface of the oligomer film layer remote from the ultraviolet photoinitiator film layer.
  • the specific load-bearing film layer may be a load-bearing film layer in the existing capsule material, or the amount of the specific raw materials and raw materials may be prepared according to the method of the prior art.
  • the load-bearing film layer is a composite layer of a high-strength fiber layer and a thermoplastic film; preferably, the high-strength fiber layer is a polyethylene fiber, an aramid fiber or a PBO fiber.
  • the load-bearing film layer prepared from the above materials has high strength and light weight.
  • an aerostat in a third exemplary embodiment of the present application, includes a balloon that is fabricated from any of the above-described balloon materials.
  • the present application not only does not exclude the irradiation of the ultraviolet light to the aerostat, but also utilizes the ultraviolet irradiation of the aerostat to cause cross-linking inside, the performance is improved, and has different atmospheric environments. It automatically improves the UV resistance and barrier properties, so it can better adapt to the harsh environment requirements of adjacent space.
  • various types of capsule materials were separately provided by adjusting the type and ratio of the ultraviolet photoinitiators, and then the ultraviolet resistance of each of the capsule materials and the change in tensile properties before and after the ultraviolet irradiation were tested.
  • the capsule material is a mixture film formed of a polyethylene film material and an ultraviolet photoinitiator, and the ultraviolet photoinitiator is an ITX photoinitiator, and the weight content of the ITX photoinitiator in the capsule material is 2%.
  • the tensile strength of the above capsule material was measured to obtain the tensile strength before irradiation. Then, the above capsule material was subjected to irradiation treatment for 24 hours under ultraviolet light having a intensity of 200 mW/cm 2 in a 254 nm band, and then the tensile strength of the capsule material after ultraviolet irradiation was measured.
  • the measurement results were as follows: tensile strength before irradiation was 38.8 MPa, elongation was 580%; tensile strength after irradiation was 41.5 MPa, and elongation was 620%.
  • the above capsule material is processed into a high air ball, and two polyethylene spheres having a diameter of 4 m are respectively prepared; one positive sphere is placed in an ultraviolet light box and irradiated under ultraviolet light having a intensity of 200 mW/cm 2 in a 254 nm band. After 24 hours, it was taken out and subjected to a withstand voltage test together with another untreated positive sphere.
  • the withstand voltage of the non-irradiated positive sphere was 320 Pa, and the withstand voltage of the irradiated positive sphere was 350 Pa.
  • the capsule material comprises a polyethylene film and an ultraviolet photoinitiator coating disposed on the surface of the TPU film, and the ultraviolet photoinitiator coating is an acetone solution coating containing a BDK photoinitiator in which the BDK photoinitiator is coated.
  • the weight content is 15%.
  • the tensile strength of the above capsule material was measured to obtain the tensile strength before irradiation. Then, the above capsule material was irradiated under ultraviolet light having a intensity of 200 mW/cm 2 in a 254 nm wavelength band for 24 hours, and then taken out, and the tensile strength after ultraviolet irradiation was measured.
  • the measurement results were as follows: tensile strength before irradiation was 42 MPa, elongation was 680%; tensile strength after irradiation was 44.6 MPa, and elongation was 716%.
  • the above capsule material is processed into a high air ball, and two polyethylene spheres having a diameter of 4 m are respectively prepared; one positive sphere is placed in an ultraviolet light box and irradiated under ultraviolet light having a intensity of 200 mW/cm 2 in a 254 nm band. After 24 hours, it was taken out and subjected to a withstand voltage test together with another untreated positive sphere.
  • the withstand voltage of the unirradiated positive sphere was 400 Pa, and the withstand voltage of the irradiated positive sphere was 520 Pa.
  • the capsule material comprises a TPU film material and an ultraviolet photoinitiator coating disposed on the surface of the TPU film material, and the ultraviolet photoinitiator coating is an ethanol solution coating containing a TPO photoinitiator, and the TPO photoinitiator in the ethanol solution coating
  • the weight content is 1%.
  • the tensile strength of the above capsule material was measured to obtain the tensile strength before irradiation. Then, the above capsule material was irradiated under ultraviolet light having a intensity of 200 mW/cm 2 in a 254 nm wavelength band for 24 hours, and then taken out, and the tensile strength after ultraviolet irradiation was measured.
  • the measurement results were as follows: tensile strength before irradiation was 50 MPa, elongation was 490%; tensile strength after irradiation was 52 MPa, and elongation was 498%.
  • the above capsule material is processed into a high air ball, and two polyethylene spheres having a diameter of 4 m are respectively prepared; one positive sphere is placed in an ultraviolet light box and irradiated under ultraviolet light having a intensity of 200 mW/cm 2 in a 254 nm band. After 24 hours, it was taken out and subjected to a withstand voltage test together with another untreated positive sphere.
  • the withstand voltage of the unirradiated positive sphere was 1100 Pa, and the withstand voltage of the irradiated positive sphere was 1250 Pa.
  • the capsule material is a mixture film formed of a polyethylene film raw material and an ultraviolet photoinitiator, and the ultraviolet photoinitiator is a CBP photoinitiator, and the weight content of the CBP photoinitiator in the capsule material is 0.05%.
  • the tensile strength of the above capsule material was measured to obtain the tensile strength before irradiation. Then, the above capsule material was subjected to irradiation treatment for 24 hours under ultraviolet light having a intensity of 200 mW/cm 2 in a 254 nm band, and then the tensile strength of the capsule material after ultraviolet irradiation was measured.
  • the measurement results were as follows: tensile strength before irradiation was 35 MPa, elongation was 690%; tensile strength after irradiation was 42.5 MPa, and elongation was 860%.
  • the above capsule material is processed into a high air ball, and two polyethylene spheres having a diameter of 4 m are respectively prepared; one positive sphere is placed in an ultraviolet light box and irradiated under ultraviolet light having a intensity of 200 mW/cm 2 in a 254 nm band. After 24 hours, it was taken out and subjected to a withstand voltage test together with another untreated positive sphere.
  • the withstand voltage of the non-irradiated positive sphere was 420 Pa, and the withstand voltage of the irradiated positive sphere was 530 Pa.
  • the capsule material is a mixture film formed of a polyethylene film material and an ultraviolet photoinitiator, and the ultraviolet photoinitiator is a CBP photoinitiator, and the CBP photoinitiator in the capsule material has a weight content of 5%.
  • the tensile strength of the above capsule material was measured to obtain the tensile strength before irradiation. Then, the above capsule material was subjected to irradiation treatment for 24 hours under ultraviolet light having a intensity of 200 mW/cm 2 in a 254 nm band, and then the tensile strength of the capsule material after ultraviolet irradiation was measured.
  • the measurement results were as follows: tensile strength before irradiation was 36 MPa, elongation was 695%; tensile strength after irradiation was 43.5 MPa, and elongation was 870%.
  • the above capsule material is processed into a high air ball, and two polyethylene spheres having a diameter of 4 m are respectively prepared; one positive sphere is placed in an ultraviolet light box and irradiated under ultraviolet light having a intensity of 200 mW/cm 2 in a 254 nm band. After 24 hours, it was taken out and subjected to a withstand voltage test together with another untreated positive sphere.
  • the withstand voltage of the unirradiated positive sphere was 421 Pa, and the withstand voltage of the irradiated positive sphere was 535 Pa.
  • the capsule material is a mixture film formed of a polyethylene film material and an ultraviolet photoinitiator, and the ultraviolet photoinitiator is a CBP photoinitiator, and the CBP photoinitiator in the capsule material has a weight content of 1%.
  • the tensile strength of the above capsule material was measured to obtain the tensile strength before irradiation. Then, the above capsule material was subjected to irradiation treatment for 24 hours under ultraviolet light having a intensity of 200 mW/cm 2 in a 254 nm band, and then the tensile strength of the capsule material after ultraviolet irradiation was measured.
  • the measurement results were as follows: tensile strength before irradiation was 35.5 MPa, elongation was 696%; tensile strength after irradiation was 45 MPa, and elongation was 878%.
  • the above capsule material is processed into a high air ball, and two polyethylene spheres having a diameter of 4 m are respectively prepared; one positive sphere is placed in an ultraviolet light box and irradiated under ultraviolet light having a intensity of 200 mW/cm 2 in a 254 nm band. After 24 hours, it was taken out and subjected to a withstand voltage test together with another untreated positive sphere.
  • the withstand voltage of the unirradiated positive sphere was 419 Pa, and the withstand voltage of the irradiated positive sphere was 539 Pa.
  • the capsule material is a mixture film formed of a polyethylene film material and an ultraviolet photoinitiator, and the ultraviolet photoinitiator is a CBP photoinitiator, and the CBP photoinitiator in the capsule material has a weight content of 4%.
  • the tensile strength of the above capsule material was measured to obtain the tensile strength before irradiation. Then, the above capsule material was subjected to irradiation treatment for 24 hours under ultraviolet light having a intensity of 200 mW/cm 2 in a 254 nm band, and then the tensile strength of the capsule material after ultraviolet irradiation was measured.
  • the measurement results were as follows: tensile strength before irradiation was 35.2 MPa, elongation was 690%; tensile strength after irradiation was 44.8 MPa, and elongation was 879%.
  • the above capsule material is processed into a high air ball, and two polyethylene spheres having a diameter of 4 m are respectively prepared; one positive sphere is placed in an ultraviolet light box and irradiated under ultraviolet light having a intensity of 200 mW/cm 2 in a 254 nm band. After 24 hours, it was taken out and subjected to a withstand voltage test together with another untreated positive sphere.
  • the withstand voltage of the non-irradiated positive sphere was 415 Pa, and the withstand voltage of the irradiated positive sphere was 545 Pa.
  • the capsule material comprises a film layer of a mixture of a polyethylene film material and an ultraviolet photoinitiator, and the ultraviolet photoinitiator is a CBP photoinitiator having a CBP photoinitiator in a weight content of 0.01%.
  • the tensile strength of the above capsule material was measured to obtain the tensile strength before irradiation. Then, the above capsule material was subjected to irradiation treatment for 24 hours under ultraviolet light having a intensity of 200 mW/cm 2 in a 254 nm band, and then the tensile strength of the capsule material after ultraviolet irradiation was measured.
  • the measurement results were as follows: tensile strength before irradiation was 36.3 MPa, elongation was 702%; tensile strength after irradiation was 39.4 MPa, and elongation was 781%.
  • the above capsule material is processed into a high air ball, and two polyethylene spheres having a diameter of 4 m are respectively prepared; one positive sphere is placed in an ultraviolet light box and irradiated under ultraviolet light having a intensity of 200 mW/cm 2 in a 254 nm band. After 24 hours, it was taken out and subjected to a withstand voltage test together with another untreated positive sphere.
  • the withstand voltage of the unirradiated positive sphere was 1129 Pa, and the withstand voltage of the irradiated positive sphere was 1205 Pa.
  • the capsule material comprises a film layer of a mixture of a polyethylene film material and a UV photoinitiator, and the UV photoinitiator is a CBP photoinitiator having a CBP photoinitiator in a weight content of 6%.
  • the tensile strength of the above capsule material was measured to obtain the tensile strength before irradiation. Then, the above capsule material was subjected to irradiation treatment for 24 hours under ultraviolet light having a intensity of 200 mW/cm 2 in a 254 nm band, and then the tensile strength of the capsule material after ultraviolet irradiation was measured.
  • the measurement results were as follows: tensile strength before irradiation was 36.1 MPa, elongation was 698%; tensile strength after irradiation was 43.2 MPa, and elongation was 876%.
  • the above capsule material is processed into a high air ball, and two polyethylene spheres having a diameter of 4 m are respectively prepared; one positive sphere is placed in an ultraviolet light box and irradiated under ultraviolet light having a intensity of 200 mW/cm 2 in a 254 nm band. After 24 hours, it was taken out and subjected to a withstand voltage test together with another untreated positive sphere.
  • the withstand voltage of the unirradiated positive sphere was 410 Pa, and the withstand voltage of the irradiated positive sphere was 521 Pa.
  • the capsule material comprises a TPU film material and an ultraviolet photoinitiator coating disposed on the surface of the TPU film material, and the ultraviolet photoinitiator coating is an ethanol solution coating containing a TPO photoinitiator, and the TPO photoinitiator in the ethanol solution coating
  • the weight content is 0.01%.
  • the tensile strength of the above capsule material was measured to obtain the tensile strength before irradiation. Then, the above capsule material was irradiated under ultraviolet light having a intensity of 200 mW/cm 2 in a 254 nm wavelength band for 24 hours, and then taken out, and the tensile strength after ultraviolet irradiation was measured.
  • the measurement results were as follows: tensile strength before irradiation was 45 MPa, elongation was 450%; tensile strength after irradiation was 55 MPa, and elongation was 502%.
  • the above capsule material is processed into a high air ball, and two polyethylene spheres having a diameter of 4 m are respectively prepared; one positive sphere is placed in an ultraviolet light box and irradiated under ultraviolet light having a intensity of 200 mW/cm 2 in a 254 nm band. After 24 hours, it was taken out and subjected to a withstand voltage test together with another untreated positive sphere.
  • the withstand voltage of the non-irradiated positive sphere was 1020 Pa, and the withstand voltage of the irradiated positive sphere was 1150 Pa.
  • the capsule material comprises a TPU film material and an ultraviolet photoinitiator coating disposed on the surface of the TPU film material, and the ultraviolet photoinitiator coating is an ethanol solution coating containing a TPO photoinitiator, and the TPO photoinitiator in the ethanol solution coating
  • the weight content is 0.01%.
  • the tensile strength of the above capsule material was measured to obtain the tensile strength before irradiation. Then, the above capsule material was irradiated under ultraviolet light having a intensity of 200 mW/cm 2 in a 254 nm wavelength band for 24 hours, and then taken out, and the tensile strength after ultraviolet irradiation was measured.
  • the measurement results were as follows: tensile strength before irradiation was 45 MPa, elongation was 450%; tensile strength after irradiation was 55 MPa, and elongation was 502%.
  • the above capsule material is processed into a high air ball, and two polyethylene spheres having a diameter of 4 m are respectively prepared; one positive sphere is placed in an ultraviolet light box and irradiated under ultraviolet light having a intensity of 200 mW/cm 2 in a 254 nm band. After 24 hours, it was taken out and subjected to a withstand voltage test together with another untreated positive sphere.
  • the withstand voltage of the non-irradiated positive sphere was 1020 Pa, and the withstand voltage of the irradiated positive sphere was 1150 Pa.
  • the capsule material comprises a polyethylene film and an ultraviolet photoinitiator coating disposed on the surface of the TPU film, and the ultraviolet photoinitiator coating is an acetone solution coating containing a BDK photoinitiator in which the BDK photoinitiator is coated.
  • the weight content is 8%.
  • the tensile strength of the above capsule material was measured to obtain the tensile strength before irradiation. Then, the above capsule material was irradiated under ultraviolet light having a intensity of 200 mW/cm 2 in a 254 nm wavelength band for 24 hours, and then taken out, and the tensile strength after ultraviolet irradiation was measured.
  • the measurement results were as follows: tensile strength before irradiation was 40 MPa, elongation was 677%; tensile strength after irradiation was 46.6 MPa, and elongation was 728%.
  • the above capsule material is processed into a high air ball, and two polyethylene spheres having a diameter of 4 m are respectively prepared; one positive sphere is placed in an ultraviolet light box and irradiated under ultraviolet light having a intensity of 200 mW/cm 2 in a 254 nm band. After 24 hours, it was taken out and subjected to a withstand voltage test together with another untreated positive sphere.
  • the withstand voltage of the unirradiated positive sphere was 403 Pa, and the withstand voltage of the irradiated positive sphere was 525 Pa.
  • the capsule material comprises a polyethylene film material and an anti-ultraviolet coating disposed on the surface of the polyethylene film material, and the anti-UV coating layer is a nano titanium dioxide layer.
  • the tensile strength of the above capsule material was measured to obtain the tensile strength before irradiation. Then, the above capsule material was subjected to irradiation treatment for 24 hours under ultraviolet light having a intensity of 200 mW/cm 2 in a 254 nm band, and then the tensile strength of the capsule material after ultraviolet irradiation was measured.
  • the measurement results were as follows: tensile strength before irradiation was 34.2 MPa, elongation was 731%; tensile strength after irradiation was 28.5 MPa, and elongation was 626.%.
  • the above capsule material is processed into a high air ball, and two polyethylene spheres having a diameter of 4 m are respectively prepared; one positive sphere is placed in an ultraviolet light box and irradiated under ultraviolet light having a intensity of 200 mW/cm 2 in a 254 nm band. After 24 hours, it was taken out and subjected to a withstand voltage test together with another untreated positive sphere.
  • the withstand voltage of the unirradiated positive sphere was 1020 Pa, and the withstand voltage of the irradiated positive sphere was 875 Pa.
  • the capsule material comprises a mixture of a polyethylene film material and an anti-ultraviolet additive, and the UV-resistant additive is UV32, and the anti-UV additive in the capsule material has a UV32 content of 2% by weight.
  • the tensile strength of the above capsule material was measured to obtain the tensile strength before irradiation. Then, the above capsule material was subjected to irradiation treatment for 24 hours under ultraviolet light having a intensity of 200 mW/cm 2 in a 254 nm band, and then the tensile strength of the capsule material after ultraviolet irradiation was measured.
  • the measurement results were as follows: tensile strength before irradiation was 31.8 MPa, elongation was 667%; tensile strength after irradiation was 26.4 MPa, and elongation was 549%.
  • the above capsule material is processed into a high air ball, and two polyethylene spheres having a diameter of 4 m are respectively prepared; one positive sphere is placed in an ultraviolet light box and irradiated under ultraviolet light having a intensity of 200 mW/cm 2 in a 254 nm band. After 24 hours, it was taken out and subjected to a withstand voltage test together with another untreated positive sphere.
  • the withstand voltage of the non-irradiated positive sphere was 965 Pa, and the withstand voltage of the irradiated positive sphere was 780 Pa.
  • the high-altitude spheres made by the capsule material of the present application have good ultraviolet resistance, and after ultraviolet irradiation, the strength and elongation are increased, not only The ability to resist ultraviolet radiation, and achieve self-reinforcing effect, enhance the adaptability of the aerostat to the adjacent space atmosphere, and increase the intelligent characteristics of the aerostat.
  • the high air ball material After measurement, the high air ball material has a performance of 10-20% after ultraviolet irradiation, which has a good application prospect.
  • the present application combines the ultraviolet cross-linking technology of the polymer film in the capsule material, and adopts a capsule material which can be cross-linked by ultraviolet excitation, so as to cause cross-linking polymerization of the surface layer layer under ultraviolet conditions, so that the capsule material is In the ultraviolet environment of the adjacent space, the strength is not reduced, but the performance is improved, and the function of the augmenter to enhance the strength of the body is given to the aerostat in a specific ultraviolet irradiation environment.

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Abstract

一种囊体材料的原料组合物,包括可紫外激发交联的聚合物原料及紫外光引发剂。该原料组合物可增强材料的抗紫外照射性能及阻隔性能。一种囊体材料,包括可紫外激发交联的膜层。一种浮空器,由所述囊体材料制成。

Description

囊体材料、其原料组合物及浮空器 技术领域
本发明涉及高空飞行设备材料领域,具体而言,涉及一种囊体材料、其原料组合物及浮空器。
背景技术
临近空间(目前各国对临近空间的共识是指海拔高度在20-100千米的空域范围)的高空浮空器具有很大的应用前景。由于临近空间环境苛刻,太阳辐射强,必须包含性能优良的抗老化层,抵抗临近空间的紫外线和臭氧带来的综合老化作用,同时需要采用隔光层,防止太阳辐射对内层材料的损伤。
技术问题
而目前对耐紫外的常见的处理方式有两种:一种是在浮空器囊皮外表面涂覆一层抗紫外线的膜层;一种是在浮空器囊皮材料的组分中加入抗紫外剂,增加其耐紫外性能。然而,这两种方法,前者的使用寿命明显有限,抗紫外膜层在吸收了大量的紫外线后会逐渐失效,失去抗紫外功能,无法满足临近空间飞行器长航时的要求,且使产品的重量明显增加,无法满足高空浮空器轻量化的要求。后者尽管避免了紫外辐照后的强度大幅度下降,但因组分中紫外吸收剂的化学转化,材料的伸长率难以维持。
因此,如何提供一种耐紫外性能强的浮空器,目前尚无有效的解决办法。
技术解决方案
本发明的主要目的在于提供一种囊体材料、其原料组合物及浮空器,以解决现有技术中的浮空器的囊体材料耐紫外性能差的问题。
为了实现上述目的,根据本发明的一个方面,提供了一种囊体材料的原料组合物,该原料组合物包括可紫外激发交联的聚合物原料及紫外光引发剂。
进一步地,聚合物原料为PE低聚物、乙烯单体、TPU低聚物或形成TPU低聚物的单体。
进一步地,紫外光引发剂选自TPO光引发剂、ITX光引发剂、EDB光引发剂、BDK光引发剂或CBP光引发剂。
进一步地,紫外光引发剂以溶液形式与聚合物原料分别单独存在,优选溶液中紫外光引发剂的质量百分含量为0.01~15%,优选为1~15%。
进一步地,紫外光引发剂与聚合物原料以混合物的形式存在,优选混合物中,紫外光引发剂的质量百分含量为0.01%~6%,优选为0.05-5%。
为了实现上述目的,根据本发明的一个方面,提供了一种囊体材料,该囊体材料包括可紫外激发交联的膜层。
进一步地,可紫外激发交联的膜层包括低聚物膜层以及设置在低聚物膜层的一个表面上的紫外光引发剂膜层,优选低聚物膜层选自PE膜层或TPU膜层;更优选,紫外光引发剂膜层通过将紫外光引发剂配制成溶液涂覆于低聚物膜层的一个表面上得到,进一步优选地,紫外光引发剂在溶液中的质量百分含量为0.01~15%,优选为1~15%,更优选为8~15%。
进一步地,可紫外激发交联的膜层为聚合物原料与紫外光引发剂的混合物膜层,优选聚合物原料选自PE低聚物、乙烯单体、TPU低聚物或形成TPU低聚物的单体,更优选地,紫外光引发剂在混合物膜层中的质量百分含量为0.01%~6%,优选为0.05-5%,进一步优选为1%~4%。
进一步地,紫外光引发剂选自TPO光引发剂、ITX光引发剂、EDB光引发剂、BDK光引发剂或CBP光引发剂。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了一种浮空器,浮空器包括囊体材料,该囊体材料采用上述任一种囊体材料制备而成。
有益效果
应用本发明的技术方案,通过反向利用临近空间紫外线辐射强的特点,将抵抗临近空间的大气环境转变为利用该大气环境,在制备囊体材料的组合物原料中包含能够利用紫外线照射作为紫外交联的反应条件的聚合物原料和紫外光引发剂,使得利用该原料组合物制备而成的囊体材料在处于临近空间中,充分利用所处临近空间的紫外光强的激发,增强该材料的抗紫外照射性能及阻隔性能。
附图说明
构成本申请的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解,本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明,并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中:
图1和图2示出了根据本申请的优选实施例中的囊体材料在临近空间环境下自增强性能的原理示意图,其中,
图1示出了紫外光引发剂制成溶液,涂覆于聚合物薄膜表面,制成涂层,使囊体材料具备在紫外线条件下交联增强;
图2为紫外光引发剂直接添加到薄膜原料中,使形成的囊体材料受紫外激发交联增强。
本发明的实施方式
需要说明的是,在不冲突的情况下,本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。下面将结合实施例来详细说明本发明。
如背景技术所提到的,现有技术中的浮空器的耐紫外性能较差。为了改善现有技术这一缺陷,在本申请一种典型的实施方式中,提供了一种囊体材料的原料组合物,该原料组合物包括可紫外激发交联的聚合物原料及紫外光引发剂。
本申请的囊体材料的原料组合物中,通过反向利用临近空间紫外线辐射强的特点,将抵抗临近空间的大气环境转变为利用该大气环境,在制备囊体材料的组合物原料中包含能够利用紫外线照射作为紫外交联的反应条件的聚合物原料和紫外光引发剂,使得利用该原料组合物制备而成的囊体材料在处于临近空间中,充分利用所处临近空间的紫外光强的激发,增强该材料的抗紫外照射性能及阻隔性能(紫外辐照交联增强原理如图1和图2所示,图1为紫外光引发剂制成溶液,涂覆于聚合物薄膜表面,制成涂层,使囊体材料具备在紫外线条件下交联增强;图2为紫外光引发剂直接添加到薄膜原料中,使形成的囊体材料受紫外激发交联增强。
上述囊体材料的原料组合物中,能够被紫外激发交联的聚合物原料采用现有的制备囊体材料所用的聚合物原料即可,比如,可以是PE低聚物或其单体、TPU低聚物或其单体。为了进一步提高囊体材料的可激发交联性能,在本申请一种优选的实施例中,聚合物原料为PE低聚物、乙烯单体、TPU低聚物或其单体。更优选聚合物原料为PE低聚物或其单体乙烯。与TPU低聚物的结晶度相对较高,不易产生交联作用相比,PE低聚物结晶度更适合,在紫外照射时,交联作用更明显强,因而在不同的大气环境下,不仅能够自动增强抗紫外性能,而且也能自动增强阻隔性能。
上述原料组合物中,任何能够激发上述聚合物原料进行紫外交联的紫外光引发剂均适用于本申请。出于紫外光引发固化的速度和效率考虑,在本申请一种优选的实施例中,紫外光引发剂选自TPO光引发剂、ITX光引发剂、EDB光引发剂、BDK光引发剂或CBP光引发剂。
TPO光引发剂又称2,4,6(三甲基苯甲酰基)二苯基氧化膦或二苯基-(2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基)氧膦,其吸收波长为273~370nm。ITX光引发剂全称为2异丙基硫杂蒽酮(2,4异构体混合物),是一种高效的自由基(II)型光引发剂,吸收波长为258~382nm。EDB光引发剂的化学名称为4-二甲胺基-苯甲酸乙酯,是一种高效的胺配合剂,通常与自由基(II)型光引发剂一起使用,其吸收波长为228~308nm。BDK光引发剂化学名称为安息香双甲醚,吸收波长为205~253nm。CBP光引发剂的化学名称为4-氯二苯甲酮,吸收波长为254nm,该引发剂体现的气味低。
上述原料组合中,紫外光引发剂的量根据聚合物原料的具体种类和引发剂的具体种类的不同进行合理确定。为了提高所欲制备的囊体材料在临近空间的耐紫外辐射性能的同时,还满足轻量化的需求,在本申请一种优选的实施例中,上述紫外光引发剂以溶液形式与上述聚合物原料单独存在,这样便于在聚合物原料形成低聚物膜层后,将含紫外光引发剂的溶液涂覆在低聚物膜层上从而形成具有可紫外激发交联的膜层。这样的材料处于太空中的强紫外线照射环境中时,能够吸收环境中的紫外线引发低聚物膜层进行交联,从而不仅起到抗紫外的作用,而且使得材料的结构更稳定,起到更好的阻隔效果。
上述优选的实施例中,根据具体需求可以合理设置溶液中紫外光引发剂的质量百分含量。在本申请一种优选的实施例中,溶液中紫外光引发剂的质量百分含量为0.01~15%,优选为1~15%。该含量下溶液粘度合适既容易涂覆,又能够使得聚合物原料在紫外照射的情况下,紫外光引发剂引发聚合物原料完成不同程度的交联聚合,提升抗紫外性能。
在本申请另一种优选的实施例中,上述紫外光引发剂与上述聚合物原料与混合物的形式存在。这样形成的原料组合物制备成的膜层中也含有紫外光引发剂,因而也能够在紫外照射的情况下,引发聚合物原料的交联聚合,提升聚合产物的抗紫外性能。上述混合物中紫外光引发剂的质量百分含量优选为0.01%~6%,优选为0.05-5%。在该含量范围下,紫外光引发剂同样能够引发聚合物原料完成不同程度的交联聚合。
在本申请第二种典型的实施方式中,提供了一种囊体材料,该囊体材料包括可紫外激发交联的膜层。本申请的包含可紫外激发交联的膜层的囊体材料,如图1所示,在处于临近空间的高紫外辐射环境下,能够充分利用紫外光激发囊体材料中该膜层的交联聚合,从而既提高了抗紫外性性能,又提高了阻隔性能,保护内层材料免临近空间大气环境的损害。
从现有的制备囊体材料的聚合物原料中,选择合适的制备方法即可获得能够被紫外光引发聚合而成的膜层。在本申请一种优选的实施例中,可紫外激发交联的膜层包括低聚物膜层以及设置在低聚物膜层的一个表面上的紫外光引发剂膜层。在紫外照射时,低聚物膜层在紫外光引发剂的引发下发生聚合反应。
上述优选实施例中,低聚物膜层作为阻隔层,而设置在低聚物膜层的一个表面上的紫外光引发剂膜层用于在临近空间的紫外光照射下引发该低聚物膜层进行交联聚合,形成聚合程度更高的聚合物膜层,该聚合程度更高的聚合物膜层既具有更高的抗紫外线性能,也具有提高的阻隔性能。上述低聚物膜层的一个表面是指该低聚物膜层在制备成囊体时,对着紫外光照射的表面,即紫外光引发剂膜层是设置在紫外光入射低聚物膜层的表面上。
上述具体的低聚物膜层从现有的能够被紫外光引发聚合的聚合物原料中进行选择并进行一定程度的聚合即可。在本申请一种优选的实施例中,低聚物膜层选自PE膜层或TPU膜层。低聚物的PE膜层在受到紫外光激发时更容易发生交联聚合,因而抗紫外性能和阻隔性能提高更明显。
上述在低聚物膜层的一个表面上设置紫外光引发剂膜层的具体方法不限。优选通过将紫外光引发剂配制成溶液涂覆于低聚物膜层的一个表面上得到。这种方法操作方便,且可以先批量制备低聚物膜层后,再统一涂覆引发剂涂层,进而可以批量生产。具有涂覆时,溶液中紫外光引发剂的质量百分含量,可以根据紫外光引发剂的具体种类与低聚物膜层种类的不同进行合理优化调整。
优选地,紫外光引发剂在溶液中的质量百分含量为0.01~15%,更优选为1~15%,进一步优选为8~15%。
在本申请另一种优选的实施例中,上述可紫外激发交联的膜层为聚合物原料与紫外光引发剂的混合物膜层。该膜层中既含有起到阻隔作用的聚合物的原料,又含有紫外光引发剂,且紫外光引发剂分散于聚合物的原料中,在受到紫外光激发的情况下,混合物膜层中的紫外刚引发剂能够引发聚合物原料的进一步聚合,不仅提高抗紫外性能,而且提高了阻隔性能。
上述聚合物原料优选选自PE低聚物、乙烯单体、TPU低聚物或形成TPU低聚物的单体,更优选地,紫外光引发剂在混合物膜层中的质量百分含量为0.01%~6%,优选为0.05-5%,进一步优选为1%~4%。
上述紫外光引发剂膜层中的紫外光引发剂根据具体所需的紫外吸收性能,从现有的紫外光引发剂中进行合理选择即可。在本申请一种优选的实施例中,紫外光引发剂膜层中的紫外光引发剂选自TPO光引发剂、ITX光引发剂、EDB光引发剂、BDK光引发剂或CBP光引发剂。
上述在低聚物膜层上设置紫外光引发剂膜层而形成的囊体材料,或者含有聚合物原料和紫外光引发剂的混合物膜层的囊体材料,均可直接用于高空气球(如Google气球或Nasa气球)的应用,而无需添加其他的纤维材料。这与传统的纤维类符合材料做成的蒙皮不同。
当然,也不排除在某些特殊的情况下,囊体材料也可以包括承重膜层,承重膜层设置在低聚物膜层的远离紫外光引发剂膜层的表面上。具体的承重膜层采用现有的囊体材料中承重膜层的即可,或者具体原料及原料的用量按照现有技术的方法进行制备即可。在本申请一种优选的实施例中,上述承重膜层为高强度纤维层与热塑性薄膜复合而成的复合层;优选高强度纤维层为聚乙烯纤维、芳纶纤维或PBO纤维。上述材料制备而成的承重膜层强度高,质量轻。
在本申请第三种典型的实施方式中,提供了一种浮空器,该浮空器包括囊体,囊体采用上述任一种囊体材料制备而成。
本申请通过采用逆向思维,不仅不排斥紫外光对浮空器的辐照,反而利用了紫外线对浮空器的辐照,使其内部发生交联,性能得到提高,并具有根据不同的大气环境自动提高抗紫外性能和阻隔性能的优点,因而能够更好的适应苛刻的临近空间的环境要求。
下面将结合具体的实施例来进一步说明本申请的有益效果。
下列实施例中,通过调节紫外光引发剂的种类和配比,分别提供了多种囊体材料,然后测试各囊体材料的耐紫外性能以及测试紫外辐照前后的拉伸性能的变化。
实施例1 :
囊体材料为聚乙烯薄膜原料和紫外光引发剂形成的混合物膜层,紫外光引发剂为ITX光引发剂,该囊体材料中ITX光引发剂的重量含量为2%。
对上述囊体材料的拉伸强度进行测量,获得辐照前的拉伸强度。然后将上述囊体材料置于254nm波段、强度200mW/cm2的紫外光下进行辐照处理24h后取出,然后对该囊体材料在紫外辐照后的拉伸强度进行测量。
测量结果为:辐照前拉伸强度为38.8MPa,伸长率为580%;辐照后拉伸强度为41.5MPa,伸长率为620%。
将上述囊体材料加工成高空气球,分别制成两个直径为4m的聚乙烯正球体;一个正球体放置于紫外灯箱辐照,在254nm波段、强度为200mW/cm2的紫外光下辐照处理24h后取出,再与另一个未经处理的正球体一同进行耐压试验。
经过耐压测试,未辐照正球体的耐压值为320Pa,辐照后的正球体的耐压值为350Pa。
实施例2 :
囊体材料包括聚乙烯薄膜和设置在TPU薄膜表面的紫外光引发剂涂层,紫外光引发剂涂层为含BDK光引发剂的丙酮溶液涂层,该丙酮溶液涂层中BDK光引发剂的重量含量为15%。
对上述囊体材料的拉伸强度进行测量,获得辐照前的拉伸强度。然后将上述囊体材料置于254nm波段、强度为200mW/cm2的紫外光下辐照处理24h后取出,进行紫外辐照后的拉伸强度的测量。
测量结果为:辐照前拉伸强度为42MPa,伸长率为680%;辐照后拉伸强度为44.6MPa,伸长率为716%。
将上述囊体材料加工成高空气球,分别制成两个直径为4m的聚乙烯正球体;一个正球体放置于紫外灯箱辐照,在254nm波段、强度为200mW/cm2的紫外光下辐照处理24h后取出,再与另一个未经处理的正球体一同进行耐压试验。
经过耐压测试,未辐照正球体的耐压值为400Pa,辐照后的正球体的耐压值为520Pa。
实施例3 :
囊体材料包括TPU薄膜材料和设置在TPU薄膜材料表面的紫外光引发剂涂层,紫外光引发剂涂层为含TPO光引发剂的乙醇溶液涂层,该乙醇溶液涂层中TPO光引发剂的重量含量为1%。
对上述囊体材料的拉伸强度进行测量,获得辐照前的拉伸强度。然后将上述囊体材料置于254nm波段、强度为200mW/cm2的紫外光下辐照处理24h后取出,进行紫外辐照后的拉伸强度的测量。
测量结果为:辐照前拉伸强度为50MPa,伸长率为490%;辐照后拉伸强度为52MPa,伸长率为498%。
将上述囊体材料加工成高空气球,分别制成两个直径为4m的聚乙烯正球体;一个正球体放置于紫外灯箱辐照,在254nm波段、强度为200mW/cm2的紫外光下辐照处理24h后取出,再与另一个未经处理的正球体一同进行耐压试验。
经过耐压测试,未辐照正球体的耐压值为1100Pa,辐照后的正球体的耐压值为1250Pa。
实施例4 :
囊体材料为聚乙烯薄膜原料和紫外光引发剂形成的混合物膜层,紫外光引发剂为CBP光引发剂,该囊体材料中CBP光引发剂的重量含量为0.05%。
对上述囊体材料的拉伸强度进行测量,获得辐照前的拉伸强度。然后将上述囊体材料置于254nm波段、强度200mW/cm2的紫外光下进行辐照处理24h后取出,然后对该囊体材料在紫外辐照后的拉伸强度进行测量。
测量结果为:辐照前拉伸强度为35MPa,伸长率为690%;辐照后拉伸强度为42.5MPa,伸长率为860%。
将上述囊体材料加工成高空气球,分别制成两个直径为4m的聚乙烯正球体;一个正球体放置于紫外灯箱辐照,在254nm波段、强度为200mW/cm2的紫外光下辐照处理24h后取出,再与另一个未经处理的正球体一同进行耐压试验。
经过耐压测试,未辐照正球体的耐压值为420Pa,辐照后的正球体的耐压值为530Pa。
实施例5 :
囊体材料为聚乙烯薄膜原料和紫外光引发剂形成的混合物膜层,紫外光引发剂为CBP光引发剂,该囊体材料中CBP光引发剂的重量含量为5%。
对上述囊体材料的拉伸强度进行测量,获得辐照前的拉伸强度。然后将上述囊体材料置于254nm波段、强度200mW/cm2的紫外光下进行辐照处理24h后取出,然后对该囊体材料在紫外辐照后的拉伸强度进行测量。
测量结果为:辐照前拉伸强度为36MPa,伸长率为695%;辐照后拉伸强度为43.5MPa,伸长率为870%。
将上述囊体材料加工成高空气球,分别制成两个直径为4m的聚乙烯正球体;一个正球体放置于紫外灯箱辐照,在254nm波段、强度为200mW/cm2的紫外光下辐照处理24h后取出,再与另一个未经处理的正球体一同进行耐压试验。
经过耐压测试,未辐照正球体的耐压值为421Pa,辐照后的正球体的耐压值为535Pa。
实施例6 :
囊体材料为聚乙烯薄膜原料和紫外光引发剂形成的混合物膜层,紫外光引发剂为CBP光引发剂,该囊体材料中CBP光引发剂的重量含量为1%。
对上述囊体材料的拉伸强度进行测量,获得辐照前的拉伸强度。然后将上述囊体材料置于254nm波段、强度200mW/cm2的紫外光下进行辐照处理24h后取出,然后对该囊体材料在紫外辐照后的拉伸强度进行测量。
测量结果为:辐照前拉伸强度为35.5MPa,伸长率为692%;辐照后拉伸强度为45MPa,伸长率为878%。
将上述囊体材料加工成高空气球,分别制成两个直径为4m的聚乙烯正球体;一个正球体放置于紫外灯箱辐照,在254nm波段、强度为200mW/cm2的紫外光下辐照处理24h后取出,再与另一个未经处理的正球体一同进行耐压试验。
经过耐压测试,未辐照正球体的耐压值为419Pa,辐照后的正球体的耐压值为539Pa。
实施例7 :
囊体材料为聚乙烯薄膜原料和紫外光引发剂形成的混合物膜层,紫外光引发剂为CBP光引发剂,该囊体材料中CBP光引发剂的重量含量为4%。
对上述囊体材料的拉伸强度进行测量,获得辐照前的拉伸强度。然后将上述囊体材料置于254nm波段、强度200mW/cm2的紫外光下进行辐照处理24h后取出,然后对该囊体材料在紫外辐照后的拉伸强度进行测量。
测量结果为:辐照前拉伸强度为35.2MPa,伸长率为690%;辐照后拉伸强度为44.8MPa,伸长率为879%。
将上述囊体材料加工成高空气球,分别制成两个直径为4m的聚乙烯正球体;一个正球体放置于紫外灯箱辐照,在254nm波段、强度为200mW/cm2的紫外光下辐照处理24h后取出,再与另一个未经处理的正球体一同进行耐压试验。
经过耐压测试,未辐照正球体的耐压值为415Pa,辐照后的正球体的耐压值为545Pa。
实施例8 :
囊体材料包括聚乙烯薄膜原料和紫外光引发剂的混合物膜层,紫外光引发剂为CBP光引发剂,该囊体材料中CBP光引发剂的重量含量为0.01%。
对上述囊体材料的拉伸强度进行测量,获得辐照前的拉伸强度。然后将上述囊体材料置于254nm波段、强度200mW/cm2的紫外光下进行辐照处理24h后取出,然后对该囊体材料在紫外辐照后的拉伸强度进行测量。
测量结果为:辐照前拉伸强度为36.3MPa,伸长率为702%;辐照后拉伸强度为39.4MPa,伸长率为781%。
将上述囊体材料加工成高空气球,分别制成两个直径为4m的聚乙烯正球体;一个正球体放置于紫外灯箱辐照,在254nm波段、强度为200mW/cm2的紫外光下辐照处理24h后取出,再与另一个未经处理的正球体一同进行耐压试验。
经过耐压测试,未辐照正球体的耐压值为1129Pa,辐照后的正球体的耐压值为1205Pa。
实施例9 :
囊体材料包括聚乙烯薄膜原料和紫外光引发剂的混合物膜层,紫外光引发剂为CBP光引发剂,该囊体材料中CBP光引发剂的重量含量为6%。
对上述囊体材料的拉伸强度进行测量,获得辐照前的拉伸强度。然后将上述囊体材料置于254nm波段、强度200mW/cm2的紫外光下进行辐照处理24h后取出,然后对该囊体材料在紫外辐照后的拉伸强度进行测量。
测量结果为:辐照前拉伸强度为36.1MPa,伸长率为698%;辐照后拉伸强度为43.2MPa,伸长率为876%。
将上述囊体材料加工成高空气球,分别制成两个直径为4m的聚乙烯正球体;一个正球体放置于紫外灯箱辐照,在254nm波段、强度为200mW/cm2的紫外光下辐照处理24h后取出,再与另一个未经处理的正球体一同进行耐压试验。
经过耐压测试,未辐照正球体的耐压值为410Pa,辐照后的正球体的耐压值为521Pa。
实施例10 :
囊体材料包括TPU薄膜材料和设置在TPU薄膜材料表面的紫外光引发剂涂层,紫外光引发剂涂层为含TPO光引发剂的乙醇溶液涂层,该乙醇溶液涂层中TPO光引发剂的重量含量为0.01%。
对上述囊体材料的拉伸强度进行测量,获得辐照前的拉伸强度。然后将上述囊体材料置于254nm波段、强度为200mW/cm2的紫外光下辐照处理24h后取出,进行紫外辐照后的拉伸强度的测量。
测量结果为:辐照前拉伸强度为45MPa,伸长率为450%;辐照后拉伸强度为55MPa,伸长率为502%。
将上述囊体材料加工成高空气球,分别制成两个直径为4m的聚乙烯正球体;一个正球体放置于紫外灯箱辐照,在254nm波段、强度为200mW/cm2的紫外光下辐照处理24h后取出,再与另一个未经处理的正球体一同进行耐压试验。
经过耐压测试,未辐照正球体的耐压值为1020Pa,辐照后的正球体的耐压值为1150Pa。
实施例11:
囊体材料包括TPU薄膜材料和设置在TPU薄膜材料表面的紫外光引发剂涂层,紫外光引发剂涂层为含TPO光引发剂的乙醇溶液涂层,该乙醇溶液涂层中TPO光引发剂的重量含量为0.01%。
对上述囊体材料的拉伸强度进行测量,获得辐照前的拉伸强度。然后将上述囊体材料置于254nm波段、强度为200mW/cm2的紫外光下辐照处理24h后取出,进行紫外辐照后的拉伸强度的测量。
测量结果为:辐照前拉伸强度为45MPa,伸长率为450%;辐照后拉伸强度为55MPa,伸长率为502%。
将上述囊体材料加工成高空气球,分别制成两个直径为4m的聚乙烯正球体;一个正球体放置于紫外灯箱辐照,在254nm波段、强度为200mW/cm2的紫外光下辐照处理24h后取出,再与另一个未经处理的正球体一同进行耐压试验。
经过耐压测试,未辐照正球体的耐压值为1020Pa,辐照后的正球体的耐压值为1150Pa。
实施例12 :
囊体材料包括聚乙烯薄膜和设置在TPU薄膜表面的紫外光引发剂涂层,紫外光引发剂涂层为含BDK光引发剂的丙酮溶液涂层,该丙酮溶液涂层中BDK光引发剂的重量含量为8%。
对上述囊体材料的拉伸强度进行测量,获得辐照前的拉伸强度。然后将上述囊体材料置于254nm波段、强度为200mW/cm2的紫外光下辐照处理24h后取出,进行紫外辐照后的拉伸强度的测量。
测量结果为:辐照前拉伸强度为40MPa,伸长率为674%;辐照后拉伸强度为46.6MPa,伸长率为728%。
将上述囊体材料加工成高空气球,分别制成两个直径为4m的聚乙烯正球体;一个正球体放置于紫外灯箱辐照,在254nm波段、强度为200mW/cm2的紫外光下辐照处理24h后取出,再与另一个未经处理的正球体一同进行耐压试验。
经过耐压测试,未辐照正球体的耐压值为403Pa,辐照后的正球体的耐压值为525Pa。
对比例1
囊体材料包括聚乙烯薄膜材料和设置在聚乙烯薄膜材料表面的抗紫外涂层,抗紫外涂层为纳米二氧化钛层。
对上述囊体材料的拉伸强度进行测量,获得辐照前的拉伸强度。然后将上述囊体材料置于254nm波段、强度200mW/cm2的紫外光下进行辐照处理24h后取出,然后对该囊体材料在紫外辐照后的拉伸强度进行测量。
测量结果为:辐照前拉伸强度为34.2MPa,伸长率为731%;辐照后拉伸强度为28.5MPa,伸长率为626.%。
将上述囊体材料加工成高空气球,分别制成两个直径为4m的聚乙烯正球体;一个正球体放置于紫外灯箱辐照,在254nm波段、强度为200mW/cm2的紫外光下辐照处理24h后取出,再与另一个未经处理的正球体一同进行耐压试验。
经过耐压测试,未辐照正球体的耐压值为1020Pa,辐照后的正球体的耐压值为875Pa。
对比例2
囊体材料包括聚乙烯薄膜原料和抗紫外添加剂的混合物,抗紫外添加剂为UV32,该囊体材料中抗紫外添加剂为UV32的重量含量为2%。
对上述囊体材料的拉伸强度进行测量,获得辐照前的拉伸强度。然后将上述囊体材料置于254nm波段、强度200mW/cm2的紫外光下进行辐照处理24h后取出,然后对该囊体材料在紫外辐照后的拉伸强度进行测量。
测量结果为:辐照前拉伸强度为31.8MPa,伸长率为667%;辐照后拉伸强度为26.4MPa,伸长率为549%。
将上述囊体材料加工成高空气球,分别制成两个直径为4m的聚乙烯正球体;一个正球体放置于紫外灯箱辐照,在254nm波段、强度为200mW/cm2的紫外光下辐照处理24h后取出,再与另一个未经处理的正球体一同进行耐压试验。
经过耐压测试,未辐照正球体的耐压值为965Pa,辐照后的正球体的耐压值为780Pa。
从上述实施例1-12及对比例1和2来看,采用本申请的囊体材料所制作的高空球体耐紫外性好,经过紫外辐照后,强度和伸长率均有所增加,不仅达到了抵抗紫外辐射的能力,而且达到了自增强的效果,增强了浮空器对临近空间大气环境的适应性,增加了浮空器智能化的特性。经测量,高空气球材料经过紫外辐照后,性能得到10-20%的提高,具有较好的应用前景。
从以上的描述中,可以看出,本发明上述的实施例实现了如下技术效果:
本申请结合了囊体材料中聚合物膜的紫外交联技术,采用可受紫外激发交联的囊体材料,使其具备在紫外线条件下引发表层膜层发生交联聚合,使囊体材料在临近空间的紫外线环境下,强度非但不下降,反而性能得到提高,赋予浮空器在特定紫外辐照的环境下,自主调节增强本体强度的功能特性。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种囊体材料的原料组合物,其特征在于,所述原料组合物包括可紫外激发交联的聚合物原料及紫外光引发剂。
  2. 根据权利要求2所述的原料组合物,其特征在于,所述聚合物原料为PE低聚物、乙烯单体、TPU低聚物或形成所述TPU低聚物的单体。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的原料组合物,其特征在于,所述紫外光引发剂选自TPO光引发剂、ITX光引发剂、EDB光引发剂、BDK光引发剂或CBP光引发剂。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的原料组合物,其特征在于,所述紫外光引发剂以溶液形式与所述聚合物原料分别单独存在,优选所述溶液中紫外光引发剂的质量百分含量为0.01~15%,优选为1~15%。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的原料组合物,其特征在于,所述紫外光引发剂与所述聚合物原料以混合物的形式存在,优选所述混合物中,紫外光引发剂的质量百分含量为0.01%~6%,优选为0.05-5%。
  6. 一种囊体材料,其特征在于,所述囊体材料包括可紫外激发交联的膜层。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的囊体材料,其特征在于,所述可紫外激发交联的膜层包括低聚物膜层以及设置在所述低聚物膜层的一个表面上的紫外光引发剂膜层,
    优选所述低聚物膜层选自PE膜层或TPU膜层;
    更优选,所述紫外光引发剂膜层通过将所述紫外光引发剂配制成溶液涂覆于所述低聚物膜层的一个表面上得到,进一步优选地,所述紫外光引发剂在所述溶液中的质量百分含量为0.01~15%,优选为1~15%,更优选为8~15%。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的囊体材料,其特征在于,所述可紫外激发交联的膜层为聚合物原料与紫外光引发剂的混合物膜层,优选所述聚合物原料选自PE低聚物、乙烯单体、TPU低聚物或形成所述TPU低聚物的单体,更优选地,所述紫外光引发剂在混合物膜层中的质量百分含量为0.01%~6%,优选为0.05-5%,进一步优选为1%~4%。
  9. 根据权利要求7或8所述的囊体材料,其特征在于,所述紫外光引发剂选自TPO光引发剂、ITX光引发剂、EDB光引发剂、BDK光引发剂或CBP光引发剂。
  10. 一种浮空器,所述浮空器包括囊体材料,其特征在于,所述囊体材料采用权利要求6至9中任一项所述的囊体材料制备而成。
PCT/CN2018/083657 2017-11-15 2018-04-19 囊体材料、其原料组合物及浮空器 WO2019095624A1 (zh)

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