CN111546711A - 一种可热合浮空器主囊体材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种可热合浮空器主囊体材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111546711A
CN111546711A CN202010299124.XA CN202010299124A CN111546711A CN 111546711 A CN111546711 A CN 111546711A CN 202010299124 A CN202010299124 A CN 202010299124A CN 111546711 A CN111546711 A CN 111546711A
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姚芮
李向阳
鞠金山
肖尚明
田越
朱善璋
董莉
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CETC 38 Research Institute
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Abstract

本发明公开一种可热合浮空器主囊体材料及其制备方法，包括依次层叠设置的防护层、第一粘接层、阻气层、第二粘接层、支撑层、热合层；所述防护层包括耐磨阻热涂层和耐老化改性薄膜层，所述防护层的厚度为30μm～40μm；所述阻气层为阻气薄膜材料，所述阻气层的厚度为20μm～30μm；所述支撑层为经纬向编织的高强纤维材料，所述支撑层的厚度150μm～180μm；所述热合层为用于热合焊接的胶或胶膜，所述热合层的厚度为40μm～60μm；本发明增加耐磨阻热涂层，相比于直接在防护层掺杂纳米阻热粒子来说，具有更好的防护耐磨效果，降低了其太阳光吸收率，降低了囊体超热的风险。

Description

一种可热合浮空器主囊体材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及浮空器制造技术领域，具体涉及一种可热合浮空器主囊体材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
囊体材料是用于制造飞艇和系留气球等浮空器的主要结构材料，为浮空器提供主要结构强度，是浮空器的核心受力材料，也是浮空器的主要技术关键，其综合物理性能很大程度上直接影响到整个系统的使用性能。其中大型浮空器囊体材料是该领域的难点。
大型浮空器需要长期驻留在几千米以上的高空，工作环境十分严酷：温度低(能达-60℃以下)，昼夜温差大；太阳辐照强度高，紫外臭氧作用强；环境变化迅速，海洋环境还可出现大台风，强降雨等气候；气压相对地面较小，浮空器内部与外部压差较大，存在很大漏气隐患等等。这要求浮空器囊体材料尤其是主囊体材料具备以下性能：首先需要具备优异的耐磨隔热耐老化等防护能力；其次还要具备较高的抗拉伸和撕裂的能力，具备较高的力学安全系数；最后还要具备优异的阻氦性能防止氦气泄露过快导致其驻空能力下降。
另外，为了保证大型浮空器的工艺稳定性和一致性，要求其囊体片幅间的连接不可采用人工涂胶粘接的方式，因此在囊体材料设计过程中就需要加上一层热合胶层，用于片幅之间采用热合焊接设备使用固定的热合参数焊接。
而国内现有关于浮空器囊体材料的报道主要集中在小型浮空器领域，用于大型浮空器的囊体材料相关专利还未见报道。小型浮空器囊体材料克重较轻，防护层、阻气层、承力层和热合胶层较薄，相应的防护能力、阻氦性、力学强度和粘接性能指标均不能达到大型浮空器对于囊体材料的要求。
鉴于上述缺陷，本发明创作者经过长时间的研究和实践终于获得了本发明。
发明内容
为解决上述技术缺陷，本发明采用的技术方案在于，提供一种可热合浮空器主囊体材料，包括依次层叠设置的防护层、第一粘接层、阻气层、第二粘接层、支撑层、热合层；所述防护层包括耐磨阻热涂层和耐老化改性薄膜层，所述防护层的厚度为30μm～40μm；所述阻气层为阻气薄膜材料，所述阻气层的厚度为20μm～30μm；所述支撑层为经纬向编织的高强纤维材料，所述支撑层的厚度150μm～180μm；所述热合层为用于热合焊接的胶或胶膜，所述热合层的厚度为40μm～60μm。
较佳的，所述耐磨阻热涂层材料设置为纳米ZnO、TiO2、Al2O3、CaCO3、BN涂层中的一种或多种，所述耐磨阻热涂层厚度为10μm～15μm。
较佳的，所述耐老化改性薄膜层的组成及质量分数为：95％～98％的基体薄膜树脂；0.1％～2％的爽滑剂；0.05％～1.2％的抗氧化剂；0.1％～3％的紫外吸收剂；所述耐老化改性薄膜层厚度为20μm～30μm。
较佳的，所述基体薄膜树脂设置为PVA、PVF、PVDF、PVC、TPU、LLDPE、PTFE、ETFE中的一种或多种。
较佳的，所述第一粘接层和所述第二粘接层设置为聚氯乙烯类、聚氨酯类、聚酯类粘合剂中的一种；所述第一粘接层和所述第二粘接层的胶层厚度设置为15μm～25μm。
较佳的，所述阻气层设置为纳米无机材料改性的PET薄膜、PA薄膜、EVOH薄膜中的一种，所述阻气层中的纳米粒子设置为纳米蒙脱土、氧化石墨烯、片状硅酸盐中的一种；所述阻气层厚度设置为20μm～30μm。
较佳的，所述支撑层设置为PET纤维、PA纤维、PI纤维、UHMWPE纤维经纬向编织物中的一种，所述支撑层厚度为150μm～180μm。
较佳的，所述热合层设置为PVC胶、PU胶、PET胶、TPU薄膜、EVA薄膜、PVB薄膜中的一种，所述热合层厚度为40μm～60μm。
较佳的，所述热合层中掺杂颗粒状碳黑，在所述热合层中所述颗粒状碳黑的质量分数为10％～15％。
较佳的，一种所述浮空器可热合主囊体材料的制备方法，包括步骤：
S1，在所述耐老化改性薄膜层表面涂覆一层所述耐磨阻热涂层，制备所述防护层；
S2，将所述第一粘接层选用的粘合剂辊涂在所述阻气层表面，再将所述防护层贴合在所述第一粘接层上使所述防护层与所述阻气层复合从而形成功能层；
S3，在所述承力层上表面辊涂所述第二粘接层选用的粘合剂，在所述承力层下表面辊涂或贴合所述热合层从而形成结构层；
S4，所述功能层和所述结构层复合为所述可热合浮空器主囊体材料。
与现有技术比较本发明的有益效果在于：1，本发明增加耐磨阻热涂层，相比于直接在防护层掺杂纳米阻热粒子来说，具有更好的防护耐磨效果，降低了其太阳光吸收率，降低了囊体超热的风险；2，本发明采用片状纳米无机材料改性阻气薄膜，近一步提高了其阻气和隔热性能，降低了主囊体材料的透氦率，同时降低了外部热量传导至囊体内部的比率，使囊体内氦气不会温度过高；3，本发明采用了PI、UHMWPE等高强纤维近一步提高了承力层的强度，进而提高了主囊体材料的拉伸、撕裂强度等力学性能，使其具备更高的安全系数；4，本发明增加了热合层的厚度，提高了其热合焊接能力和粘接强度，同时掺杂了碳黑，提高了材料的太阳光吸收率，使得透过防护层的小部分热量再被囊体材料吸收，从而进一步稳定囊体内部氦气的温度；5，本发明采用分段复合的方法，将防护层，功能层，结构层以及囊体材料分阶段复合，制备过程更加可控，出现产品缺陷纠错性更高。
附图说明
图1为所述可热合浮空器主囊体材料的结构视图；
图2为所述可热合浮空器主囊体材料的制备方法示意图。
图中数字表示：
1-防护层；2-第一粘接层；3-阻气层；4-第二粘接层；5-支撑层；6-热合层；11-耐磨阻热涂层；12耐老化改性薄膜层。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图，对本发明上述的和另外的技术特征和优点作更详细的说明。
实施例一
如图1所示，图1为所述可热合浮空器主囊体材料的结构视图；本发明所述可热合浮空器主囊体材料包括依次层叠设置的防护层1、第一粘接层2、阻气层3、第二粘接层4、支撑层5、热合层6。具备防护性能优异、强度高、氦气渗透率低以及热合焊接性好等性能特点。
本发明中主囊体材料的整体厚度设置为3mm～3.4mm，面密度设置为270g/m2～285g/m2。
所述防护层1包括耐磨阻热涂层11和耐老化改性薄膜层12：所述耐磨阻热涂层材料优选纳米ZnO、TiO2、Al2O3、CaCO3、BN，优选厚度为10μm～15μm；所述耐老化改性薄膜层优选PVA、PVF、PVDF、PVC、TPU、LLDPE、PTFE、ETFE薄膜，优选厚度为20μm～30μm，厚度过高会增加囊体材料重量，过低则防护效果下降。本发明增加耐磨阻热涂层，相比于直接在防护层掺杂纳米阻热粒子来说，具有更好的防护耐磨效果，降低了其太阳光吸收率，降低了囊体超热的风险。
具体的，所述耐老化改性薄膜层12的组成及质量分数为：95％～98％的基体薄膜树脂；0.1％～2％的爽滑剂；0.05％～1.2％的抗氧化剂；0.1％～3％的紫外吸收剂。
所述第一粘接层2和所述第二粘接层4均优选聚氯乙烯类、聚氨酯类、聚酯类粘合剂；优选厚度15μm～25μm，过高增加重量且整体强度下降，过低则层间粘接强度不够。
所述阻气层3优选纳米无机材料改性的PET薄膜、PA薄膜、EVOH薄膜，其中纳米粒子优选纳米蒙脱土、氧化石墨烯、片状硅酸盐；优选厚度为20μm～30μm，过高则增加重量且整体强度下降，过低则阻氦性能不够。本发明采用片状纳米无机材料改性阻气薄膜，近一步提高了其阻气和隔热性能，降低了主囊体材料的透氦率，同时降低了外部热量传导至囊体内部的比率，使囊体内氦气不会温度过高。
所述支撑层5为优选PET纤维、PA纤维、PI纤维、UHMWPE纤维经纬向编织物，优选厚度150μm～180μm，过高会增加整体重量且耐揉搓挠曲能力下降，影响使用寿命，过低则会导致整体强度指标下降。本发明采用了PI、UHMWPE等高强纤维近一步提高了承力层的强度，进而提高了主囊体材料的拉伸、撕裂强度等力学性能，使其具备更高的安全系数。
所述热合层6优先的胶或胶膜为PVC胶、PU胶、PET胶、TPU薄膜、EVA薄膜、PVB薄膜，优选厚度为40μm～60μm，过高则增加重量且整体强度下降，过低则降低焊接热合性和粘接后强度。
较佳的，所述热合层6的胶或胶膜掺杂了颗粒状碳黑，在所述热合层6中所述颗粒状碳黑的质量分数为10％～15％；通过掺杂碳黑，提高了材料的太阳光吸收率，使得透过防护层的小部分热量再被囊体材料吸收，从而进一步稳定囊体内部氦气的温度。
如图2所示，图2为所述可热合浮空器主囊体材料的制备方法示意图；本发明的浮空器可热合主囊体材料制备方法，具体步骤如下：
S1，制备所述防护层1，在所述耐老化改性薄膜层12表面涂覆一层所述耐磨阻热涂层11。
S2，将所述第一粘接层2选用的粘合剂辊涂在所述阻气层3表面，再将所述防护层1贴合在所述第一粘接层2上使所述防护层1与所述阻气层3复合从而形成功能层。
S3，在所述承力层5上表面辊涂所述第二粘接层4选用的粘合剂，下表面辊涂或贴合所述热合层6从而形成结构层。
S4，所述功能层和所述结构层复合为最终的所述可热合浮空器主囊体材料。
本发明制备得到的主囊体材料相比于小型浮空器主囊体材料各项性能有显著提高，拉伸强度≥1300N/cm，撕裂强度≥750N，防护层面太阳吸收率≤0.25，热合层面太阳吸收率0.93～0.95，透氦率≤0.5L/(m2·24h·0.1MPa)。
本发明采用分段复合的方法，将防护层，功能层，结构层以及囊体材料分阶段复合，制备过程更加可控，出现产品缺陷纠错性更高。
实施例二
在本实施例中，在20μm的PVDF薄膜表面涂覆一层15μm的纳米TiO2涂层，得到所述防护层1。
将聚酯类胶辊涂在30μm的纳米蒙脱土改性PET薄膜阻气层表面使其厚度保持在20μm，再将所述防护层1贴合在胶上使其与所述阻气层3复合，得到所述功能层。
选用150μm高强PET纤维经纬向编织物为所述支撑层5，在上表面辊涂25μm聚酯类胶，下表面贴合50μm的TPU胶膜，得到所述结构层。
将所述功能层和所述结构层复合，得到最终的可热合浮空器主囊体材料。
实施例三
在本实施例中，在25μm的PVF薄膜表面涂覆一层10μm的纳米CaCO3涂层，得到所述防护层1。
将聚氨酯类胶辊涂在25μm的氧化石墨烯改性PA薄膜阻气层表面使其厚度保持在25μm，再将所述防护层1贴合在胶上使其与所述阻气层3复合，得到所述功能层。
选用160μm高强PA纤维经纬向编织物为所述支撑层，在上表面辊涂25μm聚氨酯类胶，下表面贴合40μm的PVB胶膜，得到所述结构层。
将所述功能层和所述结构层复合，得到最终的可热合浮空器主囊体材料。
实施例四
在本实施例中，在30μm的LLDPE薄膜表面涂覆一层10μm的纳米Zn0涂层，得到所述防护层1。
将聚氯乙烯类胶辊涂在20μm的纳米片状硅酸盐改性EVOH薄膜阻气层表面使其厚度保持在15μm，再将所述防护层1贴合在胶上使其与所述阻气层3复合，得到所述功能层。
选用180μm高强UHMWPE纤维经纬向编织物为所述支撑层5，在上表面辊涂20μm聚氯乙烯类胶，下表面辊涂45μm的PVC胶，得到所述结构层。
将所述功能层和所述结构层复合，得到最终的可热合浮空器主囊体材料。
实施例五
在本实施例中，在25μm的PTFE薄膜表面涂覆一层12μm的纳米Al2O3涂层，得到所述防护层1。
将聚氨酯类胶辊涂在30μm的氧化石墨烯改性PA薄膜阻气层表面使其厚度保持在20μm，再将所述防护层1贴合在胶上使其与所述阻气层3复合，得到所述功能层。
选用160μm高强PI纤维经纬向编织物为所述支撑层5，在上表面辊涂20μm聚氨酯类胶，下表面贴合55μm的EVA胶膜，得到所述结构层。
将所述功能层和所述结构层复合，得到最终的可热合浮空器主囊体材料。
实施例六
在本实施例中，在20μm的ETFE薄膜表面涂覆一层15μm的纳米BN涂层，得到所述防护层1。
将聚酯类胶辊涂在25μm的纳米蒙脱土改性PET薄膜阻气层表面使其厚度保持在15μm，再将所述防护层1贴合在胶上使其与所述阻气层3复合，得到所述功能层。
选用150μm高强PET纤维经纬向编织物为所述支撑层5，在上表面辊涂20μm聚酯类胶，下表面辊涂60μm的PU胶，得到所述结构层。
将所述功能层和所述结构层复合，得到最终的可热合浮空器主囊体材料。
具体实施后所得所述可热合主囊体材料各项性能测试结果如下表一：
表一 各实施例所得所述可热合浮空器主囊体材料的各项性能测试表
Figure BDA0002451932170000061
由表一中可明显看出本发明制备的浮空器可热合主囊体材料拉伸和撕裂强度高，抗揉搓和挠曲，面密度270～285g/m2，耐磨耐老化性能优异。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，对本发明而言仅仅是说明性的，而非限制性的。本专业技术人员理解，在本发明权利要求所限定的精神和范围内可对其进行许多改变，修改，甚至等效，但都将落入本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

1.一种可热合浮空器主囊体材料，其特征在于，包括依次层叠设置的防护层、第一粘接层、阻气层、第二粘接层、支撑层、热合层；所述防护层包括耐磨阻热涂层和耐老化改性薄膜层，所述防护层的厚度为30μm～40μm；所述阻气层为阻气薄膜材料，所述阻气层的厚度为20μm～30μm；所述支撑层为经纬向编织的高强纤维材料，所述支撑层的厚度150μm～180μm；所述热合层为用于热合焊接的胶或胶膜，所述热合层的厚度为40μm～60μm。
2.如权利要求1所述的可热合浮空器主囊体材料，其特征在于，所述耐磨阻热涂层材料设置为纳米ZnO、TiO2、Al2O3、CaCO3、BN涂层中的一种或多种，所述耐磨阻热涂层厚度为10μm～15μm。
3.如权利要求2所述的可热合浮空器主囊体材料，其特征在于，所述耐老化改性薄膜层的组成及质量分数为：95％～98％的基体薄膜树脂；0.1％～2％的爽滑剂；0.05％～1.2％的抗氧化剂；0.1％～3％的紫外吸收剂；所述耐老化改性薄膜层厚度为20μm～30μm。
4.如权利要求3所述的可热合浮空器主囊体材料，其特征在于，所述基体薄膜树脂设置为PVA、PVF、PVDF、PVC、TPU、LLDPE、PTFE、ETFE中的一种或多种。
5.如权利要求1所述的可热合浮空器主囊体材料，其特征在于，所述第一粘接层和所述第二粘接层设置为聚氯乙烯类、聚氨酯类、聚酯类粘合剂中的一种；所述第一粘接层和所述第二粘接层的胶层厚度设置为15μm～25μm。
6.如权利要求1所述的可热合浮空器主囊体材料，其特征在于，所述阻气层设置为纳米无机材料改性的PET薄膜、PA薄膜、EVOH薄膜中的一种，所述阻气层中的纳米粒子设置为纳米蒙脱土、氧化石墨烯、片状硅酸盐中的一种。
7.如权利要求1所述的可热合浮空器主囊体材料，其特征在于，所述支撑层设置为PET纤维、PA纤维、PI纤维、UHMWPE纤维经纬向编织物中的一种，所述支撑层厚度为150μm～180μm。
8.如权利要求1所述的可热合浮空器主囊体材料，其特征在于，所述热合层设置为PVC胶、PU胶、PET胶、TPU薄膜、EVA薄膜、PVB薄膜中的一种，所述热合层厚度为40μm～60μm。
9.如权利要求8所述的可热合浮空器主囊体材料，其特征在于，所述热合层中掺杂颗粒状碳黑，在所述热合层中所述颗粒状碳黑的质量分数为10％～15％。
10.一种如权利要求1-9中任一项所述的浮空器可热合主囊体材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括步骤：
S1，在所述耐老化改性薄膜层表面涂覆一层所述耐磨阻热涂层，制备所述防护层；
S2，将所述第一粘接层选用的粘合剂辊涂在所述阻气层表面，再将所述防护层贴合在所述第一粘接层上使所述防护层与所述阻气层复合从而形成功能层；
S3，在所述承力层上表面辊涂所述第二粘接层选用的粘合剂，在所述承力层下表面辊涂或贴合所述热合层从而形成结构层；
S4，所述功能层和所述结构层复合为所述可热合浮空器主囊体材料。
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