WO2019080527A1 - 石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆及其制备方法和石膏基机械喷涂料浆 - Google Patents

石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆及其制备方法和石膏基机械喷涂料浆

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WO2019080527A1
WO2019080527A1 PCT/CN2018/092825 CN2018092825W WO2019080527A1 WO 2019080527 A1 WO2019080527 A1 WO 2019080527A1 CN 2018092825 W CN2018092825 W CN 2018092825W WO 2019080527 A1 WO2019080527 A1 WO 2019080527A1
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weight
parts
gypsum
content
caso
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PCT/CN2018/092825
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王丽
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北新集团建材股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2019080527A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019080527A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
    • C04B28/142—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements containing synthetic or waste calcium sulfate cements
    • C04B28/144—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements containing synthetic or waste calcium sulfate cements the synthetic calcium sulfate being a flue gas desulfurization product
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00017—Aspects relating to the protection of the environment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/20—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the density
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength

Definitions

  • the present application relates to, but is not limited to, the field of new building materials technology, and in particular, but not limited to, a gypsum-based mechanical spray plastering mortar and a preparation method thereof, and a field of gypsum-based mechanical spray coating slurry.
  • the mechanical spraying technology originated in Europe and has a history of more than 40 years. It has become one of the most popular wall surface wiping techniques. It has been widely recognized and favored. It has been introduced into China in recent years and has been well promoted.
  • Plastering mortar can be divided into two major categories: cement based and gypsum based according to the main cementing material. Due to the defects of its own materials, cement-based plastering mortar often produces quality problems such as hollowing, cracking, and falling off of the wall. At the same time, due to the low bonding strength of cement-based mortar, it is necessary to apply the interface to the wall during plastering. Or shotcreting, it takes time and labor. Gypsum-based plastering mortar usually refers to pre-mixed dry-mixed mortar with gypsum as the main cementing material, mainly including manual plastering and mechanical spraying mortar.
  • Gypsum-based mechanical spraying mortar is a special gypsum plastering material with mechanical spraying technology; it is made of gypsum as a cementing material, which can be added to construction sand, aggregate and various additives. It is suitable for civil buildings and public buildings. It is a kind of New multi-purpose building interior wall and ceiling covering material.
  • the inventor of the present application found that the slurry formed by the gypsum-based mechanical spray plaster and the mixed water may need to be stored in the spraying equipment for a certain period of time before being sprayed through the nozzle of the spraying equipment, and the slurry is required to be sprayed once it is sprayed. Cure and harden in a suitable time. This requires that the gypsum-based mechanical spray mortar does not condense as much as possible before passing through the spray head, and is quickly condensed after being sprayed through the spray head, and at the same time, the sprayed slurry is required to have high strength and adhesive properties after hardening.
  • Desulfurization gypsum is an industrial waste residue discharged from the flue gas desulfurization process of coal-fired power plants. Since the early 1990s, China has implemented desulfurization technology for power plants. A large number of desulfurization gypsum stacks not only occupy land but also pollute the environment. Therefore, the use of desulfurization gypsum to develop gypsum base Mechanical spraying of plastering mortar is an important way to realize the utilization of desulfurization gypsum solid waste.
  • the present application provides a gypsum-based mechanical spray plaster mortar prepared by using desulfurization gypsum and a preparation method thereof, and a gypsum-based mechanical spray coating slurry comprising the gypsum-based mechanical spray plaster, the gypsum-based mechanical spray mortar is passed
  • the nozzle of the spraying equipment does not condense before it can be stored in the spraying equipment for a period of time, and then quickly condenses after passing through the nozzle, and has high strength after hardening.
  • the present application provides a gypsum-based mechanical spray plaster, which includes a desulfurization gypsum, a retarder, and a coagulation enhancer.
  • the condensing enhancer may be selected from one or both of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 and CaSO 4 .2H 2 O.
  • the CaSO 4 ⁇ 2H 2 O may be selected from any one or more of the original CaSO 4 .2H 2 O, the regenerated CaSO 4 .2H 2 O, and the CaSO 4 .2H 2 O chemical reagent.
  • the native CaSO 4 ⁇ 2H 2 O and the regenerated CaSO 4 ⁇ 2H 2 O have a particle size of 0.1 ⁇ m to 1 ⁇ m, a specific surface area of 10000 cm 2 /g to 15000 cm 2 /g, and a purity of more than 85%.
  • both native CaSO 4 .2H 2 O and regenerated CaSO 4 .2H 2 O refer to non-chemical reagents.
  • native CaSO 4 ⁇ 2H 2 O may be straight out of the desulfurization tower CaSO 4 ⁇ 2H 2 O, regeneration CaSO 4 ⁇ 2H 2 O as the original raw CaSO 4 ⁇ 2H 2 O to give cooked CaSO 4 ⁇ 0.5H 2 O
  • CaSO 4 ⁇ 0.5H 2 O is added with water to form CaSO 4 ⁇ 2H 2 O.
  • the desulfurized gypsum may all pass through a 80 mesh to 200 mesh screen, optionally all through a 80 mesh to 100 mesh screen.
  • the specific surface area of the gypsum may 4500m 2 / kg to 6500m 2 / kg.
  • the inventor of the present application found in practice that when gypsum-based mechanical spray plastering mortar is prepared by using desulfurized gypsum, the particle size of the desulfurized gypsum has a certain influence on the performance of the plastering mortar.
  • the particle size of the desulfurized gypsum is too large, which will have an adverse effect on the hydration process and setting time of the gypsum-based mechanical spraying plaster.
  • the particle size of the desulfurized gypsum is too small, which is time consuming and laborious in the early grinding process, and will cause unnecessary Energy loss, increase production cost, and the gypsum-based mechanical spraying plaster mortar is not easy to disperse when it comes into contact with water, and the hydration process will agglomerate, affecting the overall performance of the squeegee.
  • the gypsum may all 80 mesh to 200 mesh, for example, all through the 80 mesh to 100 mesh, a specific surface area of 4500m 2 / kg to 6500m 2 / kg.
  • a desulfurization gypsum-based mechanical spray plastering mortar having excellent workability, good volume stability, and good workability can be obtained.
  • the content of the conditioning enhancer may be from 0.03 parts by weight to 0.07 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the desulfurized gypsum.
  • the retarder may be included in an amount of from 0.01 part by weight to 0.03 part by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the desulfurized gypsum.
  • the retarder may be a composite retarder.
  • the retarder may be a high-efficiency gypsum-based retarder Retardan P, Retardan PE produced by TRICOSAL, Germany, and HyCon R 7200F manufactured by BASF.
  • the gypsum-based mechanical spray plaster may further comprise cement, water retention agent, water reducer, aggregate, and optionally latex powder, fly ash; relative to 100 parts by weight of desulfurized gypsum,
  • the content of the cement may be 5 parts by weight to 30 parts by weight
  • the water retaining agent may be contained in an amount of 0.05 parts by weight to 0.2 parts by weight
  • the content of the conditioning agent may be 0.03 parts by weight to 0.07 parts by weight.
  • the content of the retarder may be 0.01 parts by weight to 0.03 parts by weight
  • the content of the water reducing agent may be 0.02 parts by weight to 0.08 parts by weight
  • the content of the latex powder may be 0 parts by weight to 3 parts by weight
  • the content of the fly ash may be from 0 parts by weight to 7 parts by weight
  • the aggregate may be contained in an amount of from 50 parts by weight to 200 parts by weight.
  • the content of the cement may be 10 parts by weight to 30 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the desulfurized gypsum, and the content of the water retaining agent may be 0.1 parts by weight to 0.2 parts by weight.
  • the reinforcing agent may be contained in an amount of 0.04 parts by weight to 0.06 parts by weight
  • the retarder may be contained in an amount of 0.01 parts by weight to 0.02 parts by weight
  • the water reducing agent may be contained in an amount of 0.03 parts by weight to 0.06 parts by weight.
  • the content of the latex powder may be from 1 part by weight to 2 parts by weight
  • the content of the fly ash may be from 1 part by weight to 5 parts by weight
  • the aggregate may be included in an amount of from 50 parts by weight to 80 parts by weight.
  • the cement may be a common Portland cement.
  • the cement may be a conventional Portland cement of 32.5#, 42.5#.
  • the water retaining agent may be hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether.
  • Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether is an additive that has a low added amount but can significantly improve mortar performance and mortar performance.
  • the addition of a water retaining agent to the gypsum-based mechanical spray plastering mortar enables the obtained plastering mortar to have both good thixotropic fluidity and excellent wall (standing) surface sag resistance.
  • the water retaining agent may be a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether having a viscosity of from 40,000 mPa.s to 75,000 mPa.s.
  • the water reducing agent may be selected from one or more of a pyrimidine resin type water reducing agent and a polycarboxylic acid type water reducing agent.
  • the water reducing agent may be a polycarboxylic acid type water reducing agent, for example, R+D Melflux ECO 5691 F water reducing agent manufactured by BASF Corporation.
  • the latex powder may be a redispersible latex powder, for example, a redispersible latex powder produced by Wacker and Yilai Company. 5010N.
  • the fly ash may be a Class II fly ash having a particle size of 300 mesh to 450 mesh.
  • the aggregate may be selected from one or more of quartz sand, silica fume, and river sand.
  • the aggregate may have a particle size of from 1 mm to 2 mm.
  • the present application provides a gypsum-based mechanical spray mortar prepared by using desulfurization gypsum, which has the advantages of adjusting indoor climate, light weight, heat absorption, sound insulation, flame retardancy, strength matching with the base wall, and no cracking. And the hollow drum problem, environmental protection and safety, formaldehyde-free benzene, no radioactivity, bacteria are difficult to survive and spread, and so on, opened up a new way for the resource utilization of desulfurization gypsum waste.
  • the main material of the gypsum-based mechanical spraying plaster of the present application is desulfurized gypsum, and the amount of cement added is small (5 parts by weight to 30 parts by weight), so the gypsum-cement in the conventional plastering mortar (cement than gypsum content) Many)
  • the mixing system is completely different.
  • an effective retarder and a coagulant enhancer are added to the gypsum-based mechanical spray mortar of the present application, which effectively controls the setting time of the cementitious material, wherein the retarder makes the gypsum-based mechanical spray plastering mortar
  • the coagulation-enhancing agent is introduced before the spraying of the nozzle of the spraying device, so that the gypsum-based mechanical spraying plaster is quickly condensed after passing through the nozzle, and at the same time, the spurted material has high strength and viscosity after hardening. Knot performance.
  • the present application also provides a method for preparing a gypsum-based mechanical spray mortar, the method comprising: selecting a desulfurization gypsum, a retarder, and a cement, a water retaining agent, a water reducing agent, a latex powder, a fly ash, and an aggregate.
  • One or more of the mixing is uniform to obtain a premixed powder; the conditioning additive is added before the premixed powder passes through the nozzle of the mechanical spraying apparatus.
  • the method can include the following steps:
  • the clotting enhancer is formulated into a condensing enhancer solution with water
  • Desulfurization gypsum is prepared into ⁇ high-strength gypsum
  • the premixed powder Before the premixed powder passes through the nozzle of the mechanical spraying device, the premixed powder is uniformly mixed with the solution adjusting agent solution to obtain the gypsum-based mechanical spraying mortar.
  • the concentration of the condensing enhancer solution is not required as long as the condensing enhancer can be completely dissolved in water.
  • the condensing enhancer may be selected from one or both of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 and CaSO 4 .2H 2 O.
  • the CaSO 4 ⁇ 2H 2 O may be selected from any one or more of the original CaSO 4 .2H 2 O, the regenerated CaSO 4 .2H 2 O, and the CaSO 4 .2H 2 O chemical reagent.
  • the native CaSO 4 ⁇ 2H 2 O and the regenerated CaSO 4 ⁇ 2H 2 O have a particle size of 0.1 ⁇ m to 1 ⁇ m, a specific surface area of 10000 cm 2 /g to 15000 cm 2 /g, and a purity of more than 85%.
  • the desulfurized gypsum may all pass through a 80 mesh to 200 mesh screen, optionally, all through a 80 mesh to 100 mesh screen.
  • the specific surface area of the gypsum may 4500m 2 / kg to 6500m 2 / kg.
  • the content of the conditioning enhancer may be from 0.03 parts by weight to 0.07 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the desulfurized gypsum.
  • the content of the cement may be 5 parts by weight to 30 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the desulfurized gypsum, and the content of the water retaining agent may be 0.05 parts by weight to 0.2 parts by weight.
  • the content of the reinforcing agent may be 0.03 parts by weight to 0.07 parts by weight
  • the content of the retarder may be 0.01 parts by weight to 0.03 parts by weight
  • the content of the water reducing agent may be 0.02 parts by weight to 0.08 parts by weight
  • the content of the latex powder may be from 0 parts by weight to 3 parts by weight
  • the content of the fly ash may be from 0 parts by weight to 7 parts by weight
  • the aggregate may be contained in an amount of from 50 parts by weight to 200 parts by weight.
  • the content of the cement may be 10 parts by weight to 30 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the desulfurized gypsum, and the content of the water retaining agent may be 0.1 parts by weight to 0.2 parts by weight.
  • the reinforcing agent may be contained in an amount of 0.04 parts by weight to 0.06 parts by weight
  • the retarder may be contained in an amount of 0.01 parts by weight to 0.02 parts by weight
  • the water reducing agent may be contained in an amount of 0.03 parts by weight to 0.06 parts by weight.
  • the content of the latex powder may be from 1 part by weight to 2 parts by weight
  • the content of the fly ash may be from 1 part by weight to 5 parts by weight
  • the aggregate may be included in an amount of from 50 parts by weight to 80 parts by weight.
  • the cement may be a common Portland cement.
  • the cement may be a conventional Portland cement of 32.5#, 42.5#.
  • the water retaining agent may be hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether.
  • the water retaining agent may be a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether having a viscosity of from 40,000 mPa.s to 75,000 mPa.s.
  • the retarder may be a composite retarder.
  • the retarder may be a high-efficiency gypsum-based retarder Retardan P, Retardan PE produced by TRICOSAL, Germany, and HyCon R 7200F manufactured by BASF.
  • the water reducing agent may be selected from one or more of a pyrimidine resin type water reducing agent and a polycarboxylic acid type water reducing agent.
  • the water reducing agent may be a polycarboxylic acid type water reducing agent, for example, R+D Melflux ECO 5691 F water reducing agent manufactured by BASF Corporation.
  • the latex powder may be a redispersible latex powder, for example, a redispersible latex powder produced by Wacker and Yilai Company. 5010N.
  • the fly ash may be a Class II fly ash having a particle size of 300 mesh to 450 mesh.
  • the aggregate may be selected from one or more of quartz sand, silica fume, and river sand.
  • the aggregate may have a particle size of from 1 mm to 2 mm.
  • the cement, water retaining agent, retarder, water reducing agent, latex powder, fly ash and aggregate used in the gypsum-based mechanical spraying plastering mortar raw material are not limited to the specific materials listed above, and can realize each
  • the materials of the action of the reagents can be used in the preparation of the gypsum-based mechanical spray plaster of the present application, and the specific materials listed above do not make any form or substantial definition of the application.
  • the present application also provides a gypsum-based mechanical spray coating slurry comprising a gypsum-based mechanical spray plaster and water as described above, optionally, the amount of water is gypsum-based machinery The standard consistency water usage of the spray plaster.
  • the water consumption of the standard consistency is tested according to the “Technical Regulations for Plastering Mortar JGJ/T220-2011” published in China, and the diameter of the test cake is 90 to 100 mm during the test, or according to the Chinese national standard GB/T28627-2012.
  • the method of testing the standard diffusion water consumption in Section 7.4.2.1 of Plaster Gypsum is tested.
  • the diameter of the test cake is 165 ⁇ 5 mm.
  • the amount of water used is the amount of all water used in the preparation of the gypsum-based mechanical spray coating slurry, that is, the amount of water used to configure the conditioning accelerator solution.
  • the term "gypsum-based plastering mortar” refers to a plastering material prepared by mixing an admixture with a hemihydrate gypsum and a type II anhydrite, either alone or in combination, as a primary cementing material, including Top plastering plaster, underlying plaster plaster and lightweight underlying plaster.
  • the surface plastering plaster is a plaster plastering material for the lower layer plastering or thin layer leveling or veneering on other substrates; the bottom plastering plaster refers to the plaster plastering material used for the bottom layer leveling, usually containing aggregates; Lightweight undergray plaster refers to the underlying plaster plaster containing light aggregates.
  • gypsum-based mechanical spray plastering mortar refers to a gypsum-based plastering mortar that can be sprayed using mechanical equipment.
  • gypsum-based mechanical spray coating slurry refers to the slurry formed by the gypsum-based mechanical spraying plaster mortar mixed with water. The gypsum-based mechanical spray plastering mortar needs to be prepared into a gypsum-based mechanical spray coating slurry after construction. Apply.
  • coagulation enhancer is defined as an admixture capable of shortening the setting time of a gypsum-based cementitious material while contributing to its hardening and late strength development.
  • the gypsum-based mechanical spray plaster of the present application or the gypsum-based mechanical spray coating prepared therefrom has the following advantages:
  • the gypsum-based mechanical spray plaster of the present application or the gypsum-based mechanical spray coating prepared therefrom has the following additional advantages:
  • the various additives in the gypsum-based mechanical spraying plaster of the present application have good compatibility and are easy to adjust and control;
  • the main material of the gypsum-based mechanical spraying plaster mortar of the present application is desulfurization gypsum, which effectively realizes the resource utilization of the desulfurization gypsum solid waste.
  • the setting time of the gypsum-based mechanical spraying mortar of the present application can be effectively controlled, so that the gypsum-based mechanical spraying mortar does not condense before passing through the nozzle of the spraying device, and rapidly condenses after passing through the nozzle, and simultaneously sprays the gypsum-based mechanical spray.
  • the coating slurry has a high strength after hardening.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of preparation of a gypsum-based mechanical spray coating slurry according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the preparation method of the gypsum-based mechanical spray coating slurry specifically includes the following steps:
  • a retarder for desulfurization gypsum (optionally prepared in the form of ⁇ high-strength gypsum), and optionally one or more of cement, water retention agent, water reducing agent, latex powder, fly ash and aggregate Put into the mixer, mix and mix evenly, and transfer to mechanical spraying equipment;
  • the solution of the condensate enhancer obtained in the step (2) and the remaining mixed water are added to the mechanical spray equipment in the step (1) to prepare a gypsum-based mechanical spray coating slurry. It is sprayed out from the nozzle for use.
  • the above premixed powder component (other than the coagulation enhancer and the mixing water) is placed in a mixer and mixed for 2 min to 3 min, and then placed in a mechanical spraying device; (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 is dissolved in an appropriate amount of mixing water to prepare a solution for adjusting the coagulant enhancer; when spraying, the solution of the coagulation enhancer and the remaining mixed water are added to the premixed powder, and mixed. After being evenly sprayed onto the construction wall through the nozzle.
  • the performance of the prepared gypsum-based mechanical spray plaster was: dry density of 1011 kg/m 3 ; mechanical strength (2h wet strength): flexural strength of 2.2 MPa, compressive strength of 4.2 MPa, and softening coefficient of 0.56.
  • the gypsum-based mechanical spray plaster can be used for leveling the bottom layer.
  • the above premixed powder components are placed in a mixer and mixed for 2 minutes to 3 minutes, and then placed in a mechanical spraying equipment; the (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 is dissolved and prepared with an appropriate amount of mixing water. Forming a coagulating enhancer solution; when spraying, before the premixed powder passes through the nozzle of the mechanical spraying device, the coagulation enhancer solution and the remaining mixing water are added to the premixed powder, and after being uniformly mixed Sprayed onto the construction wall through the nozzle.
  • the properties of the prepared gypsum-based mechanical spray plaster are: dry density is 1230 kg/m 3 , mechanical strength (2h wet strength) is: flexural strength is 2.9 MPa, compressive strength is 4.9 MPa, and softening coefficient is 0.61.
  • the gypsum-based mechanical spray plaster can be used for leveling the bottom layer.
  • the above premixed powder components are placed in a mixer and mixed for 2 minutes to 3 minutes, and then placed in a mechanical spraying equipment; the CaSO 4 ⁇ 2H 2 O is dissolved and formulated with an appropriate amount of mixing water.
  • the coagulation enhancer solution when spraying, the coagulation enhancer solution and the remaining mixing water are added to the premixed powder, uniformly mixed, and sprayed onto the construction wall through the nozzle.
  • the properties of the prepared gypsum-based mechanical spray plaster are: dry density is 1351 kg/m 3 , and mechanical strength (2 h wet strength) is: flexural strength is 2.9 MPa, compressive strength is 5.0 MPa, and softening coefficient is 0.59.
  • the gypsum-based mechanical spray plaster can be used for leveling the bottom layer.
  • the above premixed powder component (other than the coagulation enhancer and the mixing water) is placed in a mixer and mixed for 2 min to 3 min, and then placed in a mechanical spraying device; (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 and CaSO 4 ⁇ 2H 2 O are dissolved in an appropriate amount of mixing water to prepare a solution for adjusting the coagulating enhancer; when spraying, the solution of the adjusting agent and the remaining mixing water are added In the premixed powder, it is evenly mixed and sprayed onto the construction wall through the nozzle.
  • the properties of the prepared gypsum-based mechanical spraying plaster mortar were as follows: dry density was 1011 kg/m 3 , and mechanical strength (2 h wet strength) was: flexural strength of 2.8 MPa, compressive strength of 5.4 MPa, and softening coefficient of 0.69.
  • the gypsum-based mechanical smeared mortar slurry can be used for leveling the bottom layer.
  • the above premixed powder components are placed in a mixer and mixed for 2 minutes to 3 minutes, and then placed in a mechanical spraying equipment; the CaSO 4 ⁇ 2H 2 O is dissolved and formulated with an appropriate amount of mixing water.
  • the coagulation enhancer solution when spraying, the coagulation enhancer solution and the remaining mixing water are added to the premixed powder, uniformly mixed, and sprayed onto the construction wall through the nozzle.
  • the performance of the prepared gypsum-based mechanical spraying plaster mortar was as follows: dry density was 1351 kg/m 3 , and mechanical strength (2h wet strength) was: flexural strength of 3.2 MPa, compressive strength of 5.6 MPa, and softening coefficient of 0.64.
  • the gypsum-based mechanical spray plaster can be used for leveling the bottom layer.
  • the above premixed powder components are placed in a mixer and mixed for 2 minutes to 3 minutes, and then placed in a mechanical spraying equipment; the CaSO 4 ⁇ 2H 2 O is dissolved and formulated with an appropriate amount of mixing water.
  • the coagulation enhancer solution when spraying, the coagulation enhancer solution and the remaining mixing water are added to the premixed powder, uniformly mixed, and sprayed onto the construction wall through the nozzle.
  • the performance of the prepared gypsum-based mechanical spraying plaster mortar was as follows: dry density was 1351 kg/m 3 , and mechanical strength (2h wet strength) was: flexural strength of 2.6 MPa, compressive strength of 4.8 MPa, and softening coefficient of 0.58.
  • the gypsum-based mechanical spray plaster can be used for leveling the bottom layer.
  • Blank example 1 85min 149min 1.7 3.4
  • Example 1 70min 130min 2.2 4.2
  • Blank example 2 108min 175min 2.3 4.1
  • Example 2 90min 156min 2.9 4.9 Blank example 3 119min 186min 2.4 4.3
  • Example 3 97min 171min 2.9 5.0
  • Blank example 4 77min 123min 2.3 4.1
  • Example 4 65min 110min 2.8 5.4
  • Blank example 5 119min 186min 2.4 4.4
  • Example 6 108min 186min 2.6 4.8
  • Blank Examples 1-6 correspond to Examples 1-6, respectively, and the setting of the conditioning enhancer was obtained on the basis of Examples 1-6.
  • the initial setting time and the final setting time of the mortars of Examples 1-6 of the present application are substantially shortened, and the flexural strength and compressive strength are obviously improved.
  • the (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 and/or CaSO 4 ⁇ 2H 2 O added to the mortar of the application examples 1-6 has the advantages of shortening the initial setting time and final setting time of the mortar, and improving the flexural strength and compressive strength of the mortar. Function, can be used as a coagulation enhancer.
  • the composition is native CaSO 4 ⁇ 2H 2 O, and also includes a very small amount of CaSO 4 and CaSO 4 ⁇ 0.5H 2 O), ie, the original CaSO 4 ⁇ 2H 2 O, and the water is added in an appropriate amount according to the standard consistency.
  • the desulfurized gypsum raw material 1 has a specific surface area of 2000 cm 2 /g, a particle diameter of 1-10 ⁇ m of 7%, a 10-32 ⁇ m of 30%, and a 32 ⁇ m of 63%; and the specific surface area of the desulfurized gypsum raw material 2 is 24,000 cm. 2 / g.
  • the test results are shown in Table 4.

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Abstract

提供一种石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆及其制备方法和一种石膏基机械喷涂料浆。该砂浆包括脱硫石膏、缓凝剂、调凝增强剂以及任选的水泥、保水剂、减水剂、乳胶粉、粉煤灰和骨料；其制备方法包括：将除调凝增强剂之外的其他组分混合，获得预混粉；用水将调凝增强剂配制成溶液；在预混粉通过机械喷涂设备的喷头前加入调凝增强剂溶液和水；该料浆包括砂浆和水。

Description

石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆及其制备方法和石膏基机械喷涂料浆 技术领域
本申请涉及但不限于新型建筑材料技术领域，特别涉及但不限于一种石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆及其制备方法和石膏基机械喷涂料浆的领域。
背景技术
机械喷涂技术最早起源于欧洲，至今已经有40多年的历史，现已成为最流行的墙体抹面技术之一，得到了广泛的认可和青睐，近年来逐渐引入我国，并且得到了良好推广。
抹灰砂浆按主要胶凝材料可以分为水泥基和石膏基两大类。水泥基抹灰砂浆由于自身材料缺陷，经常会产生墙体空鼓、开裂、粉刷层脱落等质量问题，同时，由于水泥基砂浆的黏结力较低，抹灰时需要对墙面涂刷界面剂或喷浆处理，费工费时。石膏基抹灰砂浆通常指以石膏为主要胶凝材料的预拌干混砂浆，主要包括手工抹灰和机械喷涂砂浆两大类。石膏基机械喷涂砂浆是配合机械喷涂技术的专用石膏抹灰材料；由石膏作为胶凝材料，可加入建筑用砂、集料及多种添加剂等制成，适用于民用建筑和公共建筑，是一种新型多功能建筑内墙及顶棚的抹面材料。
随着工艺装备水平和劳动力成本提高，传统手工抹灰正逐渐向机械喷涂施工方向发展。近几年，石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆发展势头迅猛，尤其底层抹灰石膏增长率达到300％以上。机械喷涂砂浆相比手工抹灰砂浆具有和易性好、与各种基层结合力强、绿色环保的优点，施工效率是人工施工效率的3倍至5倍。目前，欧洲超过90％的工装及家装墙面采用机喷石膏砂浆喷涂。
发明概述
以下是对本文详细描述的主题的概述。本概述并非是为了限制权利要求的保护范围。
本申请的发明人发现，石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆加拌合水形成的料浆在 通过喷涂设备的喷头喷出前，可能需要在喷涂设备中储存一段时间，料浆一旦被喷出则需要在适当时间内凝结硬化。这就要求石膏基机械喷涂砂浆在通过喷头之前尽量不发生凝结，通过喷头喷出后迅速凝结，同时要求喷出的料浆在硬化后具有较高的强度和粘结性能。
脱硫石膏是燃煤电厂烟气脱硫过程中排放的工业废渣，中国从九十年代初开始实施电厂脱硫技术，大量的脱硫石膏的堆放不但占用土地，而且污染环境，因此，利用脱硫石膏开发石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆是实现脱硫石膏固体废弃物资源化利用的一个重要途径。
本申请提供了一种利用脱硫石膏制备的石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆及其制备方法，和包括该石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆的石膏基机械喷涂料浆，所述石膏基机械喷涂砂浆在通过喷涂设备的喷头之前不会发生凝结使其可以在喷涂设备中储存一段时间，通过喷头后又会迅速凝结，同时在硬化后具有较高的强度。
具体地，本申请提供了一种石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆，所述石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆包括脱硫石膏、缓凝剂和调凝增强剂。
在一个实施方式中，所述调凝增强剂可以选自(NH 4) 2SO 4和CaSO 4·2H 2O中的一种或两种。
在一个实施方式中，所述CaSO 4·2H 2O可以选自原生CaSO 4·2H 2O、再生CaSO 4·2H 2O和CaSO 4·2H 2O化学试剂中的任意一种或更多种，其中所述原生CaSO 4·2H 2O和所述再生CaSO 4·2H 2O的粒度为0.1μm至1μm，比表面积为10000cm 2/g至15000cm 2/g，纯度大于85％。
在本申请中，原生CaSO 4·2H 2O和再生CaSO 4·2H 2O均指非化学试剂。例如，原生CaSO 4·2H 2O可以为直接从脱硫塔出来的CaSO 4·2H 2O，再生CaSO 4·2H 2O为将原生CaSO 4·2H 2O烧熟得到CaSO 4·0.5H 2O，CaSO 4·0.5H 2O再加水形成的CaSO 4·2H 2O。
在一个实施方式中，所述脱硫石膏可以全部通过80目至200目筛，任选地全部通过80目至100目筛。
在一个实施方式中，所述脱硫石膏的比表面积可以为4500m 2/kg至 6500m 2/kg。
本申请的发明人在实践中发现，用脱硫石膏制备石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆时，脱硫石膏的粒度大小对抹灰砂浆的性能具有一定的影响。脱硫石膏的粒度太大，将对石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆的水化进程和凝结时间有不利影响；脱硫石膏的粒度太小，在前期粉磨处理过程中费时费力，而且会造成不必要的能源损耗，增加生产成本，同时粒度过小时石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆在与水接触时不易分散，水化过程会发生团聚，影响抹面料浆的整体性能。
因此，在本申请的实施方式中，所述脱硫石膏可以全部通过80目至200目筛，例如，全部通过80目至100目筛，比表面积可以为4500m 2/kg至6500m 2/kg。当所述脱硫石膏的粒度在上述范围内时，能够获得施工性能优良、体积稳定性好、和易性能较好的脱硫石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆。
在一个实施方式中，相对于100重量份的脱硫石膏，所述调凝增强剂的含量可以为0.03重量份至0.07重量份。
在一个实施方式中，相对于100重量份的脱硫石膏，所述缓凝剂的含量可以为0.01重量份至0.03重量份。
在一个实施方式中，所述缓凝剂可以为复合型缓凝剂。任选地，所述缓凝剂可以为德国TRICOSAL公司生产的高效石膏基缓凝剂Retardan P、Retardan PE、巴斯夫公司生产的HyCon R 7200F。
在一个实施方式中，所述石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆还可以包括水泥、保水剂、减水剂、骨料和任选地乳胶粉、粉煤灰；相对于100重量份的脱硫石膏，所述水泥的含量可以为5重量份至30重量份，所述保水剂的含量可以为0.05重量份至0.2重量份，所述调凝增强剂的含量可以为0.03重量份至0.07重量份，所述缓凝剂的含量可以为0.01重量份至0.03重量份，所述减水剂的含量可以为0.02重量份至0.08重量份，所述乳胶粉的含量可以为0重量份至3重量份，所述粉煤灰的含量可以为0重量份至7重量份，所述骨料的含量可以为50重量份至200重量份。
在一个实施方式中，相对于100重量份的脱硫石膏，所述水泥的含量可以为10重量份至30重量份，所述保水剂的含量可以为0.1重量份至0.2重 量份，所述调凝增强剂的含量可以为0.04重量份至0.06重量份，所述缓凝剂的含量可以为0.01重量份至0.02重量份，所述减水剂的含量可以为0.03重量份至0.06重量份，所述乳胶粉的含量可以为1重量份至2重量份，所述粉煤灰的含量可以为1重量份至5重量份，所述骨料的含量可以为50重量份至80重量份。
在一个实施方式中，所述水泥可以为普通硅酸盐水泥。
任选地，所述水泥可以为32.5#、42.5#的普通硅酸盐水泥。
在一个实施方式中，所述保水剂可以为羟丙基甲基纤维素醚。羟丙基甲基纤维素醚是一种添加量低、但能显著改善砂浆性能和砂浆施工性能的添加剂。在石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆中添加保水剂，能使所得的抹面砂浆既具有良好的触变流动性，又具有优异的墙(立)面抗垂挂性。
任选地，所述保水剂可以为粘度为40000mpa.s至75000mpa.s的羟丙基甲基纤维素醚。
在一个实施方式中，所述减水剂可以选自嘧胺树脂系减水剂和聚羧酸系减水剂中的一种或更多种。
任选地，所述减水剂可以为聚羧酸系减水剂，例如，巴斯夫公司生产的R+D Melflux ECO 5691 F减水剂。
在一个实施方式中，所述乳胶粉可以为可再分散性乳胶粉，例如，瓦克、易来泰公司的生产的可再分散性乳胶粉
Figure PCTCN2018092825-appb-000001
5010N。
在一个实施方式中，所述粉煤灰可以为粒度为300目至450目的II级粉煤灰。
在一个实施方式中，所述骨料可以选自石英砂、硅灰和河沙中的一种或更多种。
任选地，所述骨料的粒度可以为1mm至2mm。
本申请提供了一种利用脱硫石膏制备的石膏基机械喷涂砂浆，该石膏基机械喷涂砂浆具有调节室内气候、质轻、吸热、隔音、阻燃、强度与基层墙体匹配、不会出现开裂和空鼓问题、环保安全、无甲醛苯、无放射性、细菌难以生存和传播等优良特性，为脱硫石膏废渣的资源化利用开辟了一条新途 径。
本申请的石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆的主体材料是脱硫石膏，水泥添加量较少(5重量份至30重量份)，因此与传统的抹灰砂浆中的石膏-水泥(水泥比石膏掺量多)混合体系完全不同。
同时，本申请的石膏基机械喷涂砂浆中加入了有效的缓凝剂和调凝增强剂，对胶凝材料的凝结时间形成了有效控制，其中，缓凝剂使得石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆在通过喷涂设备的喷头之前不发生凝结，调凝增强剂在临近喷涂前被引入，使得石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆通过喷头后迅速凝结，同时使喷出的材料硬化后具有较高的强度和粘结性能。
本申请还提供了一种制备石膏基机械喷涂砂浆的方法，所述方法包括：将脱硫石膏、缓凝剂以及水泥、保水剂、减水剂、乳胶粉、粉煤灰和骨料中任选的一种或多种混合均匀，获得预混粉；在所述预混粉通过机械喷涂设备的喷头前加入调凝增强剂。
在一个实施方式中，所述方法可以包括下述步骤：
将所述调凝增强剂用水配制成调凝增强剂溶液；
将脱硫石膏制备成α高强石膏；
将所述水泥、所述保水剂、所述减水剂、所述乳胶粉、所述粉煤灰和所述骨料中任选的一种或多种与得到的α高强石膏混合均匀，获得预混粉；
在所述预混粉通过机械喷涂设备的喷头前，将所述预混粉与所述调凝增强剂溶液混合均匀，得到所述石膏基机械喷涂砂浆。
在本申请中，对调凝增强剂溶液的浓度没有要求，只要能将所述调凝增强剂完全溶解在水中即可。
在一个实施方式中，所述调凝增强剂可以选自(NH 4) 2SO 4和CaSO 4·2H 2O中的一种或两种。
在一个实施方式中，所述CaSO 4·2H 2O可以选自原生CaSO 4·2H 2O、再生CaSO 4·2H 2O和CaSO 4·2H 2O化学试剂中的任意一种或更多种，其中所述原生CaSO 4·2H 2O和所述再生CaSO 4·2H 2O的粒度为0.1μm至1μm，比表面积为10000cm 2/g至15000cm 2/g，纯度大于85％。
在一个实施方式中，所述脱硫石膏可以全部通过80目至200目筛，任选地，全部通过80目至100目筛。
在一个实施方式中，所述脱硫石膏的比表面积可以为4500m 2/kg至6500m 2/kg。
在一个实施方式中，相对于100重量份的脱硫石膏，所述调凝增强剂的含量可以为0.03重量份至0.07重量份。
在一个实施方式中，相对于100重量份的脱硫石膏，所述水泥的含量可以为5重量份至30重量份，所述保水剂的含量可以为0.05重量份至0.2重量份，所述调凝增强剂的含量可以为0.03重量份至0.07重量份，所述缓凝剂的含量可以为0.01重量份至0.03重量份，所述减水剂的含量可以为0.02重量份至0.08重量份，所述乳胶粉的含量可以为0重量份至3重量份，所述粉煤灰的含量可以为0重量份至7重量份，所述骨料的含量可以为50重量份至200重量份。
在一个实施方式中，相对于100重量份的脱硫石膏，所述水泥的含量可以为10重量份至30重量份，所述保水剂的含量可以为0.1重量份至0.2重量份，所述调凝增强剂的含量可以为0.04重量份至0.06重量份，所述缓凝剂的含量可以为0.01重量份至0.02重量份，所述减水剂的含量可以为0.03重量份至0.06重量份，所述乳胶粉的含量可以为1重量份至2重量份，所述粉煤灰的含量可以为1重量份至5重量份，所述骨料的含量可以为50重量份至80重量份。
在一个实施方式中，所述水泥可以为普通硅酸盐水泥。
任选地，所述水泥可以为32.5#、42.5#的普通硅酸盐水泥。
在一个实施方式中，所述保水剂可以为羟丙基甲基纤维素醚。
任选地，所述保水剂可以为粘度为40000mpa.s至75000mpa.s的羟丙基甲基纤维素醚。
在一个实施方式中，所述缓凝剂可以为复合型缓凝剂。
任选地，所述缓凝剂可以为德国TRICOSAL公司生产的高效石膏基缓凝剂Retardan P、Retardan PE、巴斯夫公司生产的HyCon R 7200F。
在一个实施方式中，所述减水剂可以选自嘧胺树脂系减水剂和聚羧酸系减水剂中的一种或更多种。
任选地，所述减水剂可以为聚羧酸系减水剂，例如，巴斯夫公司生产的R+D Melflux ECO 5691 F减水剂。
在一个实施方式中，所述乳胶粉可以为可再分散性乳胶粉，例如，瓦克、易来泰公司的生产的可再分散性乳胶粉
Figure PCTCN2018092825-appb-000002
5010N。
在一个实施方式中，所述粉煤灰可以为粒度为300目至450目的II级粉煤灰。
在一个实施方式中，所述骨料可以选自石英砂、硅灰和河沙中的一种或更多种。
任选地，所述骨料的粒度可以为1mm至2mm。
应理解，石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆原料中使用的水泥、保水剂、缓凝剂、减水剂、乳胶粉、粉煤灰和骨料，并不限于上述所列举的具体材料，能够实现各种试剂的作用的材料均可用于本申请的石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆的制备中，上述所列举的具体材料并非对本申请作出任何形式上或实质上的限定。
本申请还提供了一种石膏基机械喷涂料浆，所述石膏基机械喷涂料浆包括如上所述的石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆和水，任选地，所述水的用量为石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆的标准稠度用水量。
在本申请中，所述标准稠度用水量依照中国出版的《抹灰砂浆技术规程JGJ/T220-2011》测试，测试时试饼的直径为90至100mm，或者依照中国国家标准GB/T28627-2012《抹灰石膏》中的第7.4.2.1节测试标准扩散度用水量的方法进行测试，测试时试饼的直径为165±5mm。所述水的用量为包括制备石膏基机械喷涂料浆过程中，所使用的全部水的用量，即包括用于配置调凝增强剂溶液的水的量。
在本申请中，术语“石膏基抹灰砂浆”，是指以半水石膏和Ⅱ型无水石膏单独或两者混合后作为主要胶凝材料，掺入外加剂制成的抹灰材料，包括面层抹灰石膏、底层抹灰石膏和轻质底层抹灰石膏。面层抹灰石膏是用于底 层抹灰或是其他基底上的薄层找平或饰面的石膏抹灰材料；底层抹灰石膏是指用于底层找平的石膏抹灰材料，通常含有集料；轻质底层抹灰石膏是指含有轻集料的底层抹灰石膏。术语“石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆”，是指能够采用机械设备进行喷涂的石膏基抹灰砂浆。术语“石膏基机械喷涂料浆”，是指石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆与水拌合后形成的料浆，施工时需要将石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆制备成石膏基机械喷涂料浆后再进行涂抹。
在本申请中，术语“调凝增强剂”定义为能够缩短石膏基胶凝材料的凝结时间，同时对其硬化、后期强度发展有有利贡献的外加剂。本申请的石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆或由其制备的石膏基机械喷涂料浆具有以下优点：
(1)干燥收缩或硬化收缩率小；
(2)保温隔热、隔音性能良好，有利于建筑节能；
(3)绿色环保无污染；
(4)对室内空气湿度有微调作用，有良好的呼吸性能；
(5)跟水泥基材料相比能耗低；
(6)质轻、阻燃，并可以无限循环利用；
(7)具有调温功能，可以有效减少室内温度的波动范围，提高人居环境的舒适性。
此外，本申请的石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆或由其制备的石膏基机械喷涂料浆还具有如下额外优势：
1.本申请的石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆中的各种添加剂相容性良好，易调节控制；
2.本申请的石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆的主材是脱硫石膏，有效实现了脱硫石膏固体废弃物的资源化利用。
3.本申请的石膏基机械喷涂砂浆的凝结时间能够被有效控制，使得石膏基机械喷涂砂浆在通过喷涂设备的喷头之前不发生凝结，通过喷头后迅速凝结，同时使喷出的石膏基机械喷涂料浆在硬化后具有较高的强度。
4.当选择(NH 4) 2SO 4和CaSO 4·2H 2O中的任意一种或更多种作为调凝增 强剂时，可以有效改善石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆的施工性能和材料的力学性能，同时并不引入其它对脱硫石膏基材产生负面影响的杂质离子(如K +、Na +等离子，这些离子会造成砂浆表面返霜或返碱现象)。
本申请的其它特征和优点将在随后的说明书中阐述，并且，部分地从说明书中变得更加清楚，或者通过实施本申请而了解。本申请的目的和其他优点可通过在说明书、权利要求书以及附图中所特别指出的结构来实现和获得。
附图概述
附图用来提供对本申请技术方案的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与本申请的实施例一起用于解释本申请的技术方案，并不构成对本申请技术方案的限制。
图1为本申请实施例的石膏基机械喷涂料浆的制备流程图。
详述
为使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白，下文中将结合附图对本申请的实施例进行详细说明。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互任意组合。
以下实施例中所用到的原料和试剂，如无特别说明，均为普通市售产品或通过常规手段获得。
如图1所示，本申请提供的石膏基机械喷涂料浆的制备方法具体包括如下步骤：
(1)将脱硫石膏(任选地制备成α高强石膏的形式)缓凝剂、以及水泥、保水剂、减水剂、乳胶粉、粉煤灰和骨料中任选的一种或多种放入混合机中混合搅拌均匀，转入机械喷涂设备；
(2)用一部分拌合水将所述调凝增强剂用水配制成调凝增强剂溶液；
(3)在将要喷涂时，将步骤(2)中所得到的调凝增强剂溶液和剩余的拌合水加入到步骤(1)中的机械喷涂设备中，制备得到石膏基机械喷涂料浆，并从喷嘴中喷出进行使用。
石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆的具体的制备实施例如下描述。
实施例1
(1)称取脱硫石膏制备成的α高强石膏(80目)100g、32.5#普通硅酸盐水泥10g、羟丙基甲基纤维素醚0.15g、高效石膏基缓凝剂Retardan P(购买自德国TRICOSAL公司)0.01g、减水剂R+D Melflux ECO 5691 F(购买自巴斯夫公司)0.03g、可再分散性乳胶粉
Figure PCTCN2018092825-appb-000003
5010N(购买自瓦克公司)1g、II级粉煤灰5g、河砂50g、(NH 4) 2SO 4(分析纯)0.05g、砂浆的标准稠度用水量的拌合水(依照《抹灰砂浆技术规程JGJ/T220-2011》测试标准稠度用水量，测试拌合水的用量时试饼的直径为90mm-100mm)。
(2)施工时，将上述预混粉组分(除调凝增强剂和拌合水之外的其他物质)放入混合机中混合搅拌2min至3min，然后放入机械喷涂设备；将所述(NH 4) 2SO 4用适量的拌合水溶解、配制成调凝增强剂溶液；快要喷涂时，将所述调凝增强剂溶液和剩余的拌合水加入所述预混粉中，混合均匀后通过喷头喷到施工墙面上。
制备的石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆的性能为：干密度为1011kg/m 3；力学强度(2h湿强度)为：抗折强度为2.2MPa，抗压强度为4.2MPa，软化系数为0.56。
该石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆可用于底层找平。
实施例2
(1)称取脱硫石膏制备成的α高强石膏(80目)100g、32.5#普通硅酸盐水泥20g、羟丙基甲基纤维素醚0.15g、高效石膏基缓凝剂Retardan P(购买自德国TRICOSAL公司)0.01g、减水剂R+D Melflux ECO 5691 F(购买自巴斯夫公司)0.05g、可再分散性乳胶粉
Figure PCTCN2018092825-appb-000004
5010N(购买自瓦克公司)1g、II级粉煤灰5g、河砂60g、(NH 4) 2SO 4(分析纯)0.05g、砂浆的标准稠度用水量的拌合水(依照《抹灰砂浆技术规程JGJ/T220-2011》测试标准稠度用水量，测试拌合水的用量时试饼的直径为90mm-100mm)。
(2)施工时，将上述预混粉组分放入混合机中混合搅拌2min至3min，然后放入机械喷涂设备；将所述(NH 4) 2SO 4用适量的拌合水溶解、配制成调 凝增强剂溶液；快要喷涂时，在所述预混粉通过机械喷涂设备的喷头前，将所述调凝增强剂溶液和剩余的拌合水加入所述预混粉中，混合均匀后通过喷头喷到施工墙面上。
制备的石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆的性能为：干密度为1230kg/m 3，力学强度(2h湿强度)为：抗折强度为2.9MPa，抗压强度为4.9MPa，软化系数为0.61。
该石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆可用于底层找平。
实施例3
(1)称取脱硫石膏制备成的α高强石膏(80目)100g、42.5#普通硅酸盐水泥30g、羟丙基甲基纤维素醚0.15g、高效石膏基缓凝剂Retardan P(购买自德国TRICOSAL公司)0.01g、减水剂R+D Melflux ECO 5691 F(购买自巴斯夫公司)0.04g、可再分散性乳胶粉
Figure PCTCN2018092825-appb-000005
5010N(购买自瓦克公司)1g、II级粉煤灰5g、河砂80g、CaSO 4·2H 2O化学试剂0.05g(分析纯，比表面积约为5638cm 2/g)、砂浆的标准稠度用水量的拌合水(依照《抹灰砂浆技术规程JGJ/T220-2011》测试标准稠度用水量，测试拌合水的用量时试饼的直径为90mm-100mm)。
(2)施工时，将上述预混粉组分放入混合机中混合搅拌2min至3min，然后放入机械喷涂设备；将所述CaSO 4·2H 2O用适量的拌合水溶解、配制成调凝增强剂溶液；快要喷涂时，将所述调凝增强剂溶液和剩余的拌合水加入所述预混粉中，混合均匀后通过喷头喷到施工墙面上。
制备的石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆的性能为：干密度为1351kg/m 3，力学强度(2h湿强度)为：抗折强度为2.9MPa，抗压强度为5.0MPa，软化系数为0.59。
该石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆可用于底层找平。
实施例4
(1)称取脱硫石膏制备成的α高强石膏(80目)100g、32.5#普通硅酸盐水泥10g、羟丙基甲基纤维素醚0.15g、高效石膏基缓凝剂Retardan P(购买自德国TRICOSAL公司)0.01g、减水剂R+D Melflux ECO 5691 F(购 买自巴斯夫公司)0.03g、可再分散性乳胶粉
Figure PCTCN2018092825-appb-000006
5010N(购买自瓦克公司)1g、II级粉煤灰5g、河砂50g、(NH 4) 2SO 4(分析纯)0.03g、再生CaSO 4·2H 2O 0.03g(CaSO 4·2H 2O的粒度为0.4μm至1μm，比表面积为12000cm 2/g，纯度为90％)、砂浆的标准稠度用水量的拌合水(依照中国国家标准GB/T28627-2012测试标准稠度用水量，测试拌合水的用量时试饼的直径为165mm)。
(2)施工时，将上述预混粉组分(除调凝增强剂和拌合水之外的其他物质)放入混合机中混合搅拌2min至3min，然后放入机械喷涂设备；将所述(NH 4) 2SO 4和CaSO 4·2H 2O用适量的拌合水溶解、配制成调凝增强剂溶液；快要喷涂时，将所述调凝增强剂溶液和剩余的拌合水加入所述预混粉中，混合均匀后通过喷头喷到施工墙面上。
制备的石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆的性能为：干密度为1011kg/m 3，力学强度(2h湿强度)为：抗折强度为2.8MPa，抗压强度为5.4MPa，软化系数为0.69。
该石膏基机械喷抹灰砂浆料浆可用于底层找平。
实施例5
(1)称取脱硫石膏制备成的α高强石膏(80目)100g、42.5#普通硅酸盐水泥30g、羟丙基甲基纤维素醚0.15g、高效石膏基缓凝剂Retardan P(购买自德国TRICOSAL公司)0.01g、减水剂R+D Melflux ECO 5691 F(购买自巴斯夫公司)0.04g、可再分散性乳胶粉
Figure PCTCN2018092825-appb-000007
5010N(购买自瓦克公司)1g、II级粉煤灰5g、河砂80g、原生CaSO 4·2H 2O 0.05g(CaSO 4·2H 2O是原生的，粒度为0.4μm至1μm，比表面积为10000cm 2/g)、砂浆的标准稠度用水量的拌合水(依照《抹灰砂浆技术规程JGJ/T220-2011》测试标准稠度用水量，测试拌合水的用量时试饼的直径为90mm-100mm)。
(2)施工时，将上述预混粉组分放入混合机中混合搅拌2min至3min，然后放入机械喷涂设备；将所述CaSO 4·2H 2O用适量的拌合水溶解、配制成调凝增强剂溶液；快要喷涂时，将所述调凝增强剂溶液和剩余的拌合水加入所述预混粉中，混合均匀后通过喷头喷到施工墙面上。
制备的石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆的性能为：干密度为1351kg/m 3，力学强度(2h湿强度)为：抗折强度为3.2MPa，抗压强度为5.6MPa，软化系数为0.64。
该石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆可用于底层找平。
实施例6
(1)称取脱硫石膏制备成的α高强石膏(80目)100g、42.5#普通硅酸盐水泥30g、羟丙基甲基纤维素醚0.15g、高效石膏基缓凝剂Retardan P(购买自德国TRICOSAL公司)0.01g、减水剂R+D Melflux ECO 5691 F(购买自巴斯夫公司)0.04g、可再分散性乳胶粉
Figure PCTCN2018092825-appb-000008
5010N(购买自瓦克公司)1g、II级粉煤灰5g、河砂80g、再生CaSO 4·2H 2O 0.05g(CaSO 4·2H 2O粒度为0.4μm至1μm，比表面积为10000cm 2/g)。砂浆的标准稠度用水量的拌合水(依照《抹灰砂浆技术规程JGJ/T220-2011》测试标准稠度用水量，测试拌合水的用量时试饼的直径为90mm-100mm)。
(2)施工时，将上述预混粉组分放入混合机中混合搅拌2min至3min，然后放入机械喷涂设备；将所述CaSO 4·2H 2O用适量的拌合水溶解、配制成调凝增强剂溶液；快要喷涂时，将所述调凝增强剂溶液和剩余的拌合水加入所述预混粉中，混合均匀后通过喷头喷到施工墙面上。
制备的石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆的性能为：干密度为1351kg/m 3，力学强度(2h湿强度)为：抗折强度为2.6MPa，抗压强度为4.8MPa，软化系数为0.58。
该石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆可用于底层找平。
参照中国国家标准GB/T 17669.4-1999《建筑石膏净浆物理性能的测定》和GB/T 17669.3-1999《建筑石膏力学性能的测定》中的规定，将实施例的砂浆及去掉实施例中的调凝增强剂得到的空白例的砂浆制成40mm×40mm×160mm试块，测试其初、终凝时间和力学强度(2h湿强度)。测试结果见表1。
表1
  初凝时间(min) 终凝时间(min) 抗折强度(MPa) 抗压强度(MPa)
空白例1 85min 149min 1.7 3.4
实施例1 70min 130min 2.2 4.2
空白例2 108min 175min 2.3 4.1
实施例2 90min 156min 2.9 4.9
空白例3 119min 186min 2.4 4.3
实施例3 97min 171min 2.9 5.0
空白例4 77min 123min 2.3 4.1
实施例4 65min 110min 2.8 5.4
空白例5 119min 186min 2.4 4.4
实施例5 90min 151min 3.2 5.6
空白例6 119min 186min 2.4 4.3
实施例6 108min 186min 2.6 4.8
注：空白例1-6分别对应于实施例1-6，在实施例1-6的基础上去掉调凝增强剂得到。
可以看出，与对应的空白例相比较，本申请实施例1-6的砂浆的初凝时间和终凝时间基本上都明显缩短了，抗折强度和抗压强度都明显提高了，说明本申请实施例1-6的砂浆中添加的(NH 4) 2SO 4和/或CaSO 4·2H 2O具有缩短砂浆的初凝时间和终凝时间、提高砂浆的抗折强度和抗压强度的作用，能够作为调凝增强剂。
对比例1
称取脱硫石膏制备成的α高强石膏(80目)1500g，加适量柠檬酸或无水硫酸钙，并按标准稠度用水量加适量拌合水，参照中国国家标准GB/T17669.3-1999《建筑石膏力学性能的测定》标准方法，制成40mm×40mm×160mm试块，测试其力学强度(2h湿强度)。测试结果分别见表2和表3。
表2
Figure PCTCN2018092825-appb-000009
Figure PCTCN2018092825-appb-000010
表3
Figure PCTCN2018092825-appb-000011
通过上述实验结果表明，无水硫酸钙、柠檬酸不能使砂浆材料的凝结时间满足抹灰材料对凝结时间的要求(要求初凝时间＞1小时，终凝时间＜8小时)，也不能提高砂浆材料的抗折和抗压强度。相反，柠檬酸的加入还会导致砂浆材料的抗折和抗压强度显著降低。因此，硫酸钙、柠檬酸不能作为调凝增强剂。
对比例2
称取脱硫石膏制备成的α高强石膏(80目)1500g，并分别添加0.05wt％的未经处理的脱硫石膏生料1和经过粉磨后的脱硫石膏生料2(脱硫石膏生料的主要成分是原生CaSO 4·2H 2O，还包括非常少量的CaSO 4和CaSO 4·0.5H 2O)，即原生CaSO 4·2H 2O，并按标准稠度用水量加适量拌合水，参照中国国家标准GB/T17669.3-1999《建筑石膏力学性能的测定》标准方法，测试其力学强度(2h湿强度)。其中，脱硫石膏生料1的比表面积为2000cm 2/g，粒径：1-10μm为7％，10-32μm为30％，＞32μm为63％)；脱硫石膏生料2的比表面积为24000cm 2/g。测试结果见表4。
表4
Figure PCTCN2018092825-appb-000012
Figure PCTCN2018092825-appb-000013
通过上述实验结果表明，当原生CaSO 4·2H 2O的粒度和/或比表面积不在本申请所选择的范围内时，该原生CaSO 4·2H 2O不能提高砂浆材料的抗折和抗压强度，也不能缩短砂浆材料的凝结时间，因此不能作为调凝增强剂。
本公开内容是本申请实施例的原则的示例，并非对本申请作出任何形式上或实质上的限定，或将本申请限定到具体的实施方案。对本领域的技术人员而言，很显然本申请实施例的技术方案的要素、方法和系统等，可以进行变动、改变、改动、演变，而不背离如上所述的本申请的实施例、技术方案的，如权利要求中所定义的原理、精神和范围。这些变动、改变、改动、演变的实施方案均包括在本申请的等同实施例内，这些等同实施例均包括在本申请的由权利要求界定的范围内。虽然可以许多不同形式来使本申请实施例具体化，但此处详细描述的是本发明的一些实施方案。此外，本申请的实施例包括此处所述的各种实施方案的一些或全部的任意可能的组合，也包括在本申请的由权利要求界定的范围内。在本申请中或在任一个引用的专利、引用的专利申请或其它引用的资料中任何地方所提及的所有专利、专利申请和其它引用资料据此通过引用以其整体并入。
以上公开内容规定为说明性的而不是穷尽性的。对于本领域技术人员来说，本说明书会暗示许多变化和可选择方案。所有这些可选择方案和变化旨在被包括在本权利要求的范围内，其中术语“包括”意思是“包括，但不限于”。
在此完成了对本发明可选择的实施方案的描述。本领域技术人员可认识到此处所述的实施方案的其它等效变换，这些等效变换也为由附于本文的权利要求所包括。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆，所述石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆包括脱硫石膏、缓凝剂和调凝增强剂。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆，其中，所述调凝增强剂选自(NH 4) 2SO 4和CaSO 4·2H 2O中的一种或两种。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆，其中，所述CaSO 4·2H 2O选自原生CaSO 4·2H 2O、再生CaSO 4·2H 2O和CaSO 4·2H 2O化学试剂中的任意一种或更多种，所述原生CaSO 4·2H 2O和所述再生CaSO 4·2H 2O的粒度为0.1μm至1μm，比表面积为10000cm 2/g至15000cm 2/g，纯度大于85％。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆，其中，所述脱硫石膏的粒度为80目至200目，任选地为80至100目。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆，其中，相对于100重量份的脱硫石膏，所述调凝增强剂的含量为0.03重量份至0.07重量份。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆，其中，所述缓凝剂为复合型缓凝剂，任选地，相对于100重量份的脱硫石膏，所述缓凝剂的含量为0.01重量份至0.03重量份。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆，所述石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆还包括水泥、保水剂、减水剂、骨料和任选地乳胶粉、粉煤灰；相对于100重量份的脱硫石膏，所述水泥的含量为5重量份至30重量份，所述保水剂的含量为0.05重量份至0.2重量份，所述调凝增强剂的含量为0.03重量份至0.07重量份，所述缓凝剂的含量为0.01重量份至0.03重量份，所述减水剂的含量为0.02重量份至0.08重量份，所述乳胶粉的含量为0重量份至3重量份，所述粉煤灰的含量为0重量份至7重量份，所述骨料的含量为50重量份至200重量份；
    任选地，相对于100重量份的脱硫石膏，所述水泥的含量为10重量份至30重量份，所述保水剂的含量为0.1重量份至0.2重量份，所述调凝增强 剂的含量为0.04重量份至0.06重量份，所述缓凝剂的含量为0.01重量份至0.02重量份，所述减水剂的含量为0.03重量份至0.06重量份，所述乳胶粉的含量为1重量份至2重量份，所述粉煤灰的含量为1重量份至5重量份，所述骨料的含量为50重量份至80重量份。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆，其中，所述水泥为普通硅酸盐水泥；
    任选地，
    所述保水剂为羟丙基甲基纤维素醚；
    所述减水剂选自嘧胺树脂系减水剂和聚羧酸系减水剂中的一种或更多种；
    所述乳胶粉为可再分散性乳胶粉；
    所述粉煤灰为粒度为300目至450目的II级粉煤灰；
    所述骨料选自石英砂、硅灰和河沙中的一种或更多种。
  9. 一种制备石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆的方法，所述方法包括：将脱硫石膏、缓凝剂以及水泥、保水剂、减水剂、乳胶粉、粉煤灰和骨料中任选的一种或多种混合均匀，获得预混粉；在所述预混粉通过机械喷涂设备的喷头前加入调凝增强剂。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的方法，包括下述步骤：
    将所述调凝增强剂用水配制成调凝增强剂溶液；
    将脱硫石膏制备成α高强石膏；
    将所述水泥、所述保水剂、所述减水剂、所述乳胶粉、所述粉煤灰和所述骨料中任选的一种或多种与得到的α高强石膏和所述缓凝剂混合均匀，获得预混粉；
    在所述预混粉通过机械喷涂设备的喷头前，将所述预混粉与所述调凝增强剂溶液混合均匀，得到所述石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆。
  11. 根据权利要求9或10所述的方法，其中，所述调凝增强剂选自(NH 4) 2SO 4和CaSO 4·2H 2O中的一种或两种。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的方法，其中，所述CaSO 4·2H 2O选自原生CaSO 4·2H 2O、再生CaSO 4·2H 2O和CaSO 4·2H 2O化学试剂中的任意一种或更多种，所述原生CaSO 4·2H 2O和所述再生CaSO 4·2H 2O的粒度为0.1μm至1μm，比表面积为10000cm 2/g至15000cm 2/g，纯度大于85％。
  13. 根据权利要求9至12中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述脱硫石膏的粒度为80目至200目，任选地为80至100目。
  14. 根据权利要求9至13中任一项所述的方法，其中，相对于100重量份的脱硫石膏，所述调凝增强剂的含量为0.03重量份至0.07重量份。
  15. 根据权利要求9至14中任一项所述的方法，其中，相对于100重量份的脱硫石膏，所述水泥的含量为5重量份至30重量份，所述保水剂的含量为0.05重量份至0.2重量份，所述调凝增强剂的含量为0.03重量份至0.07重量份，所述缓凝剂的含量为0.01重量份至0.03重量份，所述减水剂的含量为0.02重量份至0.08重量份，所述乳胶粉的含量为0重量份至3重量份，所述粉煤灰的含量为0重量份至7重量份，所述骨料的含量为50重量份至200重量份；
    任选地，相对于100重量份的脱硫石膏，所述水泥的含量为10重量份至30重量份，所述保水剂的含量为0.1重量份至0.2重量份，所述调凝增强剂的含量为0.04重量份至0.06重量份，所述缓凝剂的含量为0.01重量份至0.02重量份，所述减水剂的含量为0.03重量份至0.06重量份，所述乳胶粉的含量为1重量份至2重量份，所述粉煤灰的含量为1重量份至5重量份，所述骨料的含量为50重量份至80重量份。
  16. 根据权利要求9至15中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述水泥为普通硅酸盐水泥；
    任选地，
    所述保水剂为羟丙基甲基纤维素醚；
    所述缓凝剂为复合型缓凝剂；
    所述减水剂选自嘧胺树脂系减水剂和聚羧酸系减水剂中的一种或更多种；
    所述乳胶粉为可再分散性乳胶粉；
    所述粉煤灰为粒度为300目至450目的II级粉煤灰；
    所述骨料选自石英砂、硅灰和河沙中的一种或更多种。
  17. 一种石膏基机械喷涂料浆，所述石膏基机械喷涂料浆包括根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆和水，任选地，所述水的用量为所述石膏基机械喷涂抹灰砂浆的标准稠度用水量。
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CN113929420A (zh) * 2021-11-11 2022-01-14 江苏绿和环境科技有限公司 一种再生轻质底层抹灰石膏砂浆
CN114249574A (zh) * 2021-12-10 2022-03-29 河南强耐新材股份有限公司 一种新型石膏基排气道制品及其制备方法
CN114409326A (zh) * 2021-12-16 2022-04-29 上海二十冶建设有限公司 一种高强防裂水泥基无机轻质保温材料及其制备方法
CN114409357A (zh) * 2021-12-31 2022-04-29 广州龙伟科技有限公司 基于脱硫石膏的隔墙板组成原料和制备方法
CN114349458A (zh) * 2022-01-26 2022-04-15 大连海事大学 一种环保型抹灰砂浆及其制备方法
CN116375438A (zh) * 2023-03-30 2023-07-04 中国建筑第八工程局有限公司 一种微玻璃纤维改性轻质抹面石膏砂浆以及制备方法
CN116835943A (zh) * 2023-07-04 2023-10-03 武汉晴川学院 一种环保无色差的饰面砂浆及其制备方法

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