WO2019065706A1 - 被覆工具及びこれを備えた切削工具 - Google Patents

被覆工具及びこれを備えた切削工具 Download PDF

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WO2019065706A1
WO2019065706A1 PCT/JP2018/035611 JP2018035611W WO2019065706A1 WO 2019065706 A1 WO2019065706 A1 WO 2019065706A1 JP 2018035611 W JP2018035611 W JP 2018035611W WO 2019065706 A1 WO2019065706 A1 WO 2019065706A1
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alti
layer
chromium
layers
content ratio
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PCT/JP2018/035611
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English (en)
French (fr)
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丹 何
山崎　剛
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京セラ株式会社
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Priority to DE112018004983.3T priority Critical patent/DE112018004983T5/de
Priority to CN201880063329.9A priority patent/CN111148591B/zh
Priority to JP2019545549A priority patent/JP6918951B2/ja
Priority to US16/651,389 priority patent/US11167356B2/en
Priority to KR1020207008608A priority patent/KR102343014B1/ko
Publication of WO2019065706A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019065706A1/ja

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B23B27/141—Specially shaped plate-like cutting inserts, i.e. length greater or equal to width, width greater than or equal to thickness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/007—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor for internal turning
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/16—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
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    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • C23C14/0635—Carbides
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    • C23C14/14—Metallic material, boron or silicon
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
    • C23C28/34—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates
    • C23C28/347—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with layers adapted for cutting tools or wear applications
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/40—Coatings including alternating layers following a pattern, a periodic or defined repetition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/40—Coatings including alternating layers following a pattern, a periodic or defined repetition
    • C23C28/42—Coatings including alternating layers following a pattern, a periodic or defined repetition characterized by the composition of the alternating layers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
    • C23C30/005—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process on hard metal substrates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2222/00—Materials of tools or workpieces composed of metals, alloys or metal matrices
    • B23B2222/04—Aluminium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2222/00—Materials of tools or workpieces composed of metals, alloys or metal matrices
    • B23B2222/88—Titanium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2228/00—Properties of materials of tools or workpieces, materials of tools or workpieces applied in a specific manner
    • B23B2228/10—Coatings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2228/00—Properties of materials of tools or workpieces, materials of tools or workpieces applied in a specific manner
    • B23B2228/36—Multi-layered

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a coated tool used in cutting and a cutting tool provided with the same.
  • a surface-coated cutting tool (coated tool) described in JP-A-2017-042906 (Patent Document 1) is known as a coated tool used for cutting such as turning and turning.
  • Coated tool described in Patent Document 1 the tool substrate and, (Ti 1-z Al z ) A layer and represented by N (Cr 1-xy Al x M y) B layer represented by N surface of the tool substrate And a hard coating layer alternately laminated.
  • the coated tool of the present disclosure comprises a substrate and a coating layer located on the substrate.
  • the covering layer has a plurality of AlTi layers containing aluminum and titanium as main components, and a plurality of AlCr layers containing aluminum and chromium as main components, and the AlTi layers and the AlCr layers are alternately located.
  • the plurality of AlTi layers have a first AlTi layer and a second AlTi layer located farther from the base than the first AlTi layer.
  • Each of the plurality of AlTi layers further contains chromium, and the content ratio of chromium in the second AlTi layer is higher than the content ratio of chromium in the first AlTi layer.
  • the cutting tool of the present disclosure includes a holder having a pocket on the tip end side, and the coated tool according to the present disclosure described above located in the pocket.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a coated tool according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an AA cross section in the coated tool shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a region B1 shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a region B2 shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a region B3 shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 6 is a plan view showing a cutting tool according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of a region B4 shown in FIG.
  • coated tool according to various embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail using the drawings.
  • the drawings referred to in the following simply show only the main members necessary for describing the embodiment.
  • the coated tool of the present disclosure may comprise any component not shown in the referenced figures.
  • the dimensions of the members in the respective drawings do not faithfully represent the dimensions of the actual constituent members and the dimensional ratio of the respective members. These points are the same also in the cutting tool mentioned later.
  • the coated tool 1 has a rectangular plate shape, and has a rectangular first surface 3 (upper surface in FIG. 1), a second surface 5 (side surface in FIG. 1), first surfaces 3 and 2 And a cutting edge 7 located at at least a part of a ridge line where the surfaces 5 meet. Moreover, the coating tool 1 of an example further has the square 3rd surface 8 (lower surface in FIG. 1).
  • the entire outer periphery of the first surface 3 may be the cutting edge 7, but the coated tool 1 is not limited to such a configuration, and, for example, the first square
  • the cutting edge 7 may be provided only on one side of the surface 3 or partially.
  • the first surface 3 may have a rake surface area 3a at least in part.
  • a region along the cutting edge 7 in the first surface 3 is a rake surface region 3 a.
  • the second surface 5 may have a flank region 5a at least in part.
  • a region along the cutting edge 7 in the second surface 5 is a flank surface region 5 a. Therefore, it may be rephrased that the cutting edge 7 is located at the intersection of the rake surface area 3a and the flank surface area 5a.
  • the boundary between the rake surface area 3 a on the first surface 3 and the other area is indicated by an alternate long and short dash line. Further, the boundary between the flank surface area 5a of the second surface 5 and the other area is indicated by an alternate long and short dash line.
  • an alternate long and short dash line indicating the boundary is annular.
  • the size of the coated tool 1 is not particularly limited, for example, in one example of the embodiment, the length of one side of the first surface 3 is set to about 3 to 20 mm. The height from the first surface 3 to the third surface 8 located on the opposite side of the first surface 3 is set to about 5 to 20 mm.
  • an example of the coated tool 1 includes a square plate-shaped substrate 9 and a coating layer 11 that covers the surface of the substrate 9.
  • the covering layer 11 may cover the entire surface of the substrate 9 or may cover only a part of the surface. When the covering layer 11 covers only a part of the substrate 9, it can be said that the covering layer 11 is located on at least a part of the substrate 9.
  • the thickness of the covering layer 11 can be set to, for example, about 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the covering layer 11 may be constant or may differ depending on the place.
  • the covering layer 11 includes an AlTi layer 13 containing aluminum (Al) and titanium (Ti) as main components, and an AlCr layer 15 containing aluminum and chromium (Cr) as main components. And a plurality of each.
  • the covering layer 11 has a configuration in which a plurality of AlTi layers 13 and a plurality of AlCr layers 15 are alternately located. In other words, the covering layer 11 has a configuration in which a plurality of AlTi layers 13 and a plurality of AlCr layers 15 are alternately stacked.
  • the layered structure of the covering layer 11 can be evaluated by cross-sectional measurement using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or a transmission electron microscope (TEM).
  • the AlTi layer 13 further contains chromium in addition to aluminum and titanium.
  • the AlTi layer 13 may contain metal components such as Si, Nb, Hf, V, Ta, Mo, Zr and W.
  • the sum of the respective content ratios of aluminum and titanium is higher than that of chromium and the above-described metal component.
  • the content ratio of aluminum can be set, for example, to 40 to 70%.
  • the content ratio of titanium can be set to, for example, 25 to 55%.
  • the "content ratio" in the above has shown the content ratio in atomic ratio.
  • the content ratio of aluminum may be higher than the content ratio of titanium, and in each of the plurality of AlTi layers 13, the content ratio of titanium is higher than the content ratio of aluminum Good.
  • the plurality of AlTi layers 13 all contain chromium at a ratio smaller than the total of the respective content ratios of aluminum and titanium, the content ratio of chromium is set to, for example, 0.1 to 20%. it can.
  • the AlTi layer 13 may be composed only of metal components including aluminum, titanium and chromium, but aluminum, titanium and chromium may be nitrides, carbides or carbonitrides singly or in combination of two or more. Good.
  • the AlCr layer 15 may be composed of only aluminum and chromium, but contains metal components such as Si, Nb, Hf, V, Ta, Mo, Zr, Ti and W in addition to aluminum and chromium. May be However, in the AlCr layer 15, the sum of the respective content ratios of aluminum and chromium is higher than that of the above-described metal component.
  • the content ratio of aluminum can be set, for example, to 20 to 60%. Also, the content ratio of chromium can be set to, for example, 40 to 80%.
  • the content ratio of aluminum may be higher than the content ratio of chromium, and in each of the plurality of AlCr layers 15, the content ratio of chromium is higher than the content ratio of aluminum Good.
  • the AlCr layer 15 may be constituted only by the metal component containing aluminum and chromium, but aluminum and chromium may be nitrides, carbides or carbonitrides containing one or both.
  • compositions of the AlTi layer 13 and the AlCr layer 15 can be measured, for example, by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) or X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
  • EDS energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
  • XPS X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
  • the number of AlTi layers 13 and AlCr layers 15 is not limited to a specific value.
  • the number of the AlTi layer 13 and the number of the AlCr layer 15 may be two or more, but can be set to, for example, 2 to 500.
  • the covering layer 11 has high resistance to defects because it has the AlTi layer 13. In addition, since the covering layer 11 has the AlCr layer 15, its wear resistance is high.
  • the covering layer 11 has a configuration in which the plurality of AlTi layers 13 and the plurality of AlCr layers 15 are alternately positioned, and therefore the strength as a whole of the covering layer 11 is high.
  • the plurality of AlTi layers 13 and the plurality of AlCr layers 13 and the plurality of AlCr layers 15 have a greater thickness than those of the plurality of the AlTi layers 13 and the plurality of AlCr layers 15 respectively.
  • the thickness of each of the layers 15 is small and the number of the plurality of AlTi layers 13 and the number of the AlCr layers 15 are large, the strength of the covering layer 11 as a whole is higher.
  • the thickness of the AlTi layer 13 and the AlCr layer 15 is not limited to a specific value, but can be set, for example, to 5 nm to 100 nm.
  • the thicknesses of the plurality of AlTi layers 13 and the plurality of AlCr layers 15 may be constant or may be different from each other.
  • the plurality of AlTi layers 13 in an example of the embodiment includes a first AlTi layer 13 a and a second AlTi layer 13 b.
  • the second AlTi layer 13 b is located farther from the base 9 than the first AlTi layer 13 a.
  • the coated tool 1 has a configuration in which the content ratio of chromium in the second AlTi layer 13 b is higher than the content ratio of chromium in the first AlTi layer 13 a.
  • the coated tool 1 satisfying these configurations is excellent in durability.
  • peeling may occur at the interface between adjacent layers.
  • load is easily applied to the outer surface of the coated tool during cutting, the above-described peeling is likely to occur at a portion near the outer surface of the coated tool among the above interfaces.
  • the AlTi layer 13 contains aluminum and titanium as main components, and contains chromium at a ratio smaller than the total of the respective content ratios of aluminum and titanium. There is. Since the AlTi layer 13 satisfying such a configuration contains chromium similarly to the AlCr layer 15 while relatively maintaining the characteristics of the AlTi layer 13, the affinity to the AlCr layer 15 is high. Therefore, the AlTi layer 13 has high bonding (adhesion) with the adjacent AlCr layer 15.
  • the second AlTi layer 13b located farther from the base 9 than the first AlTi layer 13a is likely to be subjected to a cutting load greater than that of the first AlTi layer 13a at the time of cutting.
  • the covering layer 11 since the content ratio of chromium in the second AlTi layer 13 b is higher than the content ratio of chromium in the first AlTi layer 13 a, the bonding property with the adjacent AlCr layer 15 is high, and the cutting is large Can withstand the load.
  • the content ratio of chromium in the first AlTi layer 13a is lower than the content ratio of chromium in the second AlTi layer 13b. As a result, it is possible to make it difficult to cause peeling in a portion close to the base 9 in the covering layer 11, and to reduce the influence on the pair defectivity in the AlTi layer 13 as the whole covering layer 11.
  • the coated tool 1 in one example is hard to cause delamination and is excellent in durability. Therefore, according to the coated tool 1 of an example, stable cutting can be performed over a long period of time.
  • the plurality of AlTi layers 13 may further include a third AlTi layer 13c located between the first AlTi layer 13a and the second AlTi layer 13b.
  • the coated tool 1 may have a configuration in which the content ratio of chromium in the third AlTi layer 13 c is higher than the content ratio of chromium in the first AlTi layer 13 a and lower than the content ratio of chromium in the second AlTi layer 13 b.
  • the coated tool 1 satisfying such a configuration is excellent in durability.
  • the chromium content ratio gradually changes stepwise in the plurality of AlTi layers 13 including the first AlTi layer 13a, the second AlTi layer 13b, and the third AlTi layer 13c, and rapid change is avoided.
  • abrupt changes in toughness and hardness in the plurality of AlTi layers 13 can be avoided, so that generation of cracks due to stress concentration on the inside of the covering layer 11 can be easily avoided.
  • the covering layer 11 has five or more AlTi layers 13, Moreover, between the 1st AlTi layer 13a and the 3rd AlTi layer 13c, and the 3rd AlTi layer 13c and the 2nd AlTi layer 13b And the AlCr layer 15 is located between them.
  • the plurality of AlTi layers 13 may have a chromium content ratio as high as they are located farther from the substrate 9.
  • the content ratio of chromium may be higher as the plurality of AlTi layers 13 are positioned farther from the substrate 9.
  • the durability of the coated tool 1 can be further enhanced. This makes the content ratio of chromium in the AlTi layer 13 located farthest from the substrate 9 among the plurality of AlTi layers 13 extremely high while avoiding rapid changes in toughness and hardness in the plurality of AlTi layers 13. It is because it becomes easy.
  • the content ratio of aluminum in the second AlTi layer 13b may be lower than the content ratio of aluminum in the first AlTi layer 13a.
  • the toughness of the first AlTi layer 13a is higher than that of the second AlTi layer 13b. Therefore, the covering layer 11 is excellent in adhesion.
  • the AlTi layer 13 d located between the AlCr layers 15 has a first region 13 d 1 including an inner side surface 131 located on the base 9 side, and an inner side 131 And a third region 13d3 located between the first region 13d1 and the second region 13d2 and including the center 133 in the thickness direction a. It is also good.
  • the content ratio of chromium in the first region 13d1 and the second region 13d2 may be higher than the content ratio of chromium in the third region 13d3.
  • the bondability between the AlTi layer 13 and the AlCr layer 15 is further high.
  • the substrate 9 may contain tungsten carbide (WC) and cobalt (Co) as described later.
  • the AlTi layer 13 e located at least closest to the substrate 9 may contain cobalt and the cobalt content ratio may be higher than the chromium content ratio.
  • the bonding property of the covering layer 11 to the substrate 9 is high.
  • the bondability of the coating layer 11 to the substrate 9 is high because the content ratio of cobalt is relatively high, and the content ratio of chromium is suppressed.
  • the toughness of the AlTi layer 13e is high.
  • the covering tool 1 of an example is square board shape, as shown in FIG. 1, as a shape of the covering tool 1, it is not limited to such a shape.
  • the first surface 3 and the third surface 8 are not quadrangular, but triangular, hexagonal or circular.
  • An example coated tool 1 has a through hole 17 as shown in FIG.
  • the through-hole 17 in an example of embodiment is formed from the 1st surface 3 to the 3rd surface 8 located in the opposite side of the 1st surface 3, and is opened in these surfaces.
  • the through hole 17 can be used to attach a screw or a clamp member or the like when holding the coated tool 1 in the holder.
  • the through holes 17 may be opened in regions opposite to each other in the second surface 5 without any problem.
  • Examples of the material of the base 9 include inorganic materials such as cemented carbide, cermet, and ceramics.
  • examples of the composition of the cemented carbide include WC (tungsten carbide) -Co, WC-TiC (titanium carbide) -Co, and WC-TiC-TaC (tantalum carbide) -Co.
  • WC, TiC and TaC are hard particles
  • Co is a binder phase.
  • cermet is a sintered composite material in which a ceramic component is compounded with a metal.
  • examples of the cermet include compounds containing TiC or TiN (titanium nitride) as a main component.
  • the material of the base 9 is not limited to these.
  • the covering layer 11 can be located on the substrate 9 by using, for example, physical vapor deposition (PVD) or the like.
  • PVD physical vapor deposition
  • the covering layer 11 is formed by using the above vapor deposition method in a state where the base 9 is held by the inner peripheral surface of the through hole 17, the entire surface of the base 9 excluding the inner peripheral surface of the through hole 17
  • the covering layer 11 can be positioned to cover the
  • Examples of physical vapor deposition include ion plating and sputtering.
  • the covering layer 11 in the case of producing by the ion plating method, the covering layer 11 can be produced by the following method.
  • a metal target, an alloyed alloy target or a sintered body target containing aluminum, titanium and chromium independently is prepared.
  • the above target which is a metal source, is vaporized and ionized by arc discharge or glow discharge.
  • the ionized target is reacted with nitrogen (N 2 ) gas as a nitrogen source, methane (CH 4 ) gas as a carbon source or acetylene (C 2 H 2 ) gas, and deposited on the surface of the substrate 9.
  • N 2 nitrogen
  • methane (CH 4 ) gas as a carbon source
  • acetylene (C 2 H 2 ) gas acetylene
  • a metal target independently containing aluminum and chromium, a composite alloy target or a sintered body target is prepared.
  • the above target which is a metal source, is vaporized and ionized by arc discharge or glow discharge.
  • the ionized target is reacted with nitrogen (N 2 ) gas as a nitrogen source, methane (CH 4 ) gas as a carbon source or acetylene (C 2 H 2 ) gas, and deposited on the surface of the substrate 9.
  • N 2 nitrogen
  • methane (CH 4 ) gas as a carbon source
  • C 2 H 2 acetylene
  • the covering layer 11 having a configuration in which a plurality of AlTi layers 13 and a plurality of AlCr layers 15 are alternately stacked. There is no problem in performing the first procedure after performing the second procedure first.
  • a plurality of AlTi layers 13 having the first AlTi layer 13a and the second AlTi layer 13b are manufactured by changing the ratio of chromium so that the ratio of chromium becomes high in the middle. It is possible.
  • the cutting tool 101 is a rod-like body extending from a first end (upper end in FIG. 6) to a second end (lower end in FIG. 6) as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 7, the cutting tool 101 includes a holder 105 having a pocket 103 on the first end side (tip side), and the above-described coated tool 1 located in the pocket 103. Since the cutting tool 101 includes the coated tool 1, stable cutting can be performed for a long time.
  • the pocket 103 is a portion to which the coated tool 1 is attached, and has a seating surface parallel to the lower surface of the holder 105 and a constraining side surface inclined to the seating surface. Further, the pocket 103 is open at the first end side of the holder 105.
  • the coated tool 1 is located in the pocket 103. At this time, the lower surface of the coated tool 1 may be in direct contact with the pocket 103, and a sheet (not shown) may be sandwiched between the coated tool 1 and the pocket 103.
  • the coated tool 1 is attached to the holder 105 such that at least a part of the portion used as the cutting edge 7 in the ridge line where the first surface 3 and the second surface 5 intersect project outward from the holder 105.
  • the covering tool 1 is attached to the holder 105 by means of a fixing screw 107. That is, the fixing screw 107 is inserted into the through hole 17 of the covering tool 1, and the tip of the fixing screw 107 is inserted into a screw hole (not shown) formed in the pocket 103 to screw the screw parts together.
  • the coated tool 1 is attached to the holder 105.
  • steel cast iron or the like
  • high toughness steel may be used.
  • a cutting tool used for so-called turning is illustrated.
  • Examples of turning include inner diameter machining, outer diameter machining, and grooving.
  • the cutting tool is not limited to one used for turning.
  • the coated tool 1 of the above embodiment may be used for a cutting tool used for milling.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)

Abstract

本開示の被覆工具は、基体と、基体の上に位置する被覆層とを備えている。被覆層は、アルミニウム及びチタンを主成分として含有するＡｌＴｉ層と、アルミニウム及びクロムを主成分として含有するＡｌＣｒ層とをそれぞれ複数有し、ＡｌＴｉ層及びＡｌＣｒ層が交互に位置している。複数のＡｌＴｉ層は、第１ＡｌＴｉ層と、第１ＡｌＴｉ層よりも基体から離れて位置する第２ＡｌＴｉ層とを有している。複数のＡｌＴｉ層は、それぞれクロムをさらに含有し、第２ＡｌＴｉ層におけるクロムの含有比率が、第１ＡｌＴｉ層におけるクロムの含有比率よりも高い。

Description

被覆工具及びこれを備えた切削工具
　本開示は、切削加工において用いられる被覆工具及びこれを備えた切削工具に関する。
　旋削加工及び転削加工のような切削加工に用いられる被覆工具としては、例えば特開２０１７－０４２９０６号公報（特許文献１）に記載の表面被覆切削工具（被覆工具）が知られている。特許文献１に記載の被覆工具は、工具基体と、（Ｔｉ1-zＡｌz）Ｎで表わされるＡ層及び（Ｃｒ1-x-yＡｌxＭy）Ｎで表わされるＢ層が工具基体の表面において交互に積層されてなる硬質被覆層とを備えている。
　本開示の被覆工具は、基体と、該基体の上に位置する被覆層とを備えている。該被覆層は、アルミニウム及びチタンを主成分として含有するＡｌＴｉ層と、アルミニウム及びクロムを主成分として含有するＡｌＣｒ層とをそれぞれ複数有し、前記ＡｌＴｉ層及び前記ＡｌＣｒ層が交互に位置している。複数の前記ＡｌＴｉ層は、第１ＡｌＴｉ層と、該第１ＡｌＴｉ層よりも前記基体から離れて位置する第２ＡｌＴｉ層とを有している。複数の前記ＡｌＴｉ層は、それぞれクロムをさらに含有し、前記第２ＡｌＴｉ層におけるクロムの含有比率が、前記第１ＡｌＴｉ層におけるクロムの含有比率よりも高い。
　本開示の切削工具は、先端側にポケットを有するホルダと、前記ポケットに位置する上述した本開示に係る被覆工具とを備えている。
図１は、本開示の実施形態に係る被覆工具を示す斜視図である。 図２は、図１に示す被覆工具におけるＡ－Ａ断面の断面図である。 図３は、図２に示す領域Ｂ１における拡大図である。 図４は、図３に示す領域Ｂ２における拡大図である。 図５は、図３に示す領域Ｂ３における拡大図である。 図６は、本開示の実施形態に係る切削工具を示す平面図である。 図７は、図６に示す領域Ｂ４における拡大図である。
　＜被覆工具＞
　以下、本開示の様々な実施形態に係る被覆工具について、図面を用いて詳細に説明する。但し、以下で参照する各図は、説明の便宜上、実施形態を説明する上で必要な主要部材のみを簡略化して示したものである。したがって、本開示の被覆工具は、参照する各図に示されていない任意の構成部材を備え得る。また、各図中の部材の寸法は、実際の構成部材の寸法及び各部材の寸法比率などを忠実に表したものではない。これらの点は、後述する切削工具においても同様である。
　実施形態の一例の被覆工具１は、四角板形状であって、四角形の第１面３（図１における上面）と、第２面５（図１における側面）と、第１面３及び第２面５が交わる稜線の少なくとも一部に位置する切刃７とを有している。また、一例の被覆工具１は、四角形の第３面８（図１における下面）をさらに有している。
　一例の被覆工具１においては、第１面３の外周の全体が切刃７となっていてもよいが、被覆工具１はこのような構成に限定されるものではなく、例えば、四角形の第１面３における一辺のみ、若しくは、部分的に切刃７を有するものであってもよい。
　第１面３は、少なくとも一部にすくい面領域３ａを有していてもよい。実施形態の一例においては、第１面３における切刃７に沿った領域がすくい面領域３ａとなっている。第２面５は、少なくとも一部に逃げ面領域５ａを有していてもよい。実施形態の一例においては、第２面５における切刃７に沿った領域が逃げ面領域５ａとなっている。そのため、すくい面領域３ａ及び逃げ面領域５ａが交わる部分に切刃７が位置していると言い換えてもよい。
　図１では、第１面３におけるすくい面領域３ａと、それ以外の領域との境界を一点鎖線で示している。また、第２面５における逃げ面領域５ａと、それ以外の領域との境界を一点鎖線で示している。図１においては、第１面３及び第２面５が交わる稜線の全てが切刃７である例を示しているため、第１面３において上記境界を示す一点鎖線は環状となっている。
　被覆工具１の大きさは特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、実施形態の一例においては、第１面３の一辺の長さが３～２０ｍｍ程度に設定される。また、第１面３から第１面３の反対側に位置する第３面８までの高さは５～２０ｍｍ程度に設定される。
　一例の被覆工具１は、図１及び図２に示すように、四角板形状の基体９と、この基体９の表面を被覆する被覆層１１とを備えている。被覆層１１は、基体９の表面の全体を覆っていてもよく、また、一部のみを覆っていてもよい。被覆層１１が基体９の一部のみを被覆しているときには、被覆層１１は、基体９の上の少なくとも一部に位置しているとも言うことができる。
　被覆層１１の厚みとしては、例えば、０．１～１０μｍ程度に設定できる。なお、被覆層１１の厚みは一定であっても、場所によって異なっていてもよい。
　被覆層１１は、図３及び図４に示すように、アルミニウム（Ａｌ）及びチタン（Ｔｉ）を主成分として含有するＡｌＴｉ層１３と、アルミニウム及びクロム（Ｃｒ）を主成分として含有するＡｌＣｒ層１５とをそれぞれ複数有している。被覆層１１は、複数のＡｌＴｉ層１３及び複数のＡｌＣｒ層１５が交互に位置する構成となっている。言い換えれば、被覆層１１は、複数のＡｌＴｉ層１３及び複数のＡｌＣｒ層１５が交互に積層された構成となっている。被覆層１１の積層構造は、走査型電子顕微鏡（ＳＥＭ：Scanning Electron Microscopy）又は透過型電子顕微鏡（ＴＥＭ：Transmission Electron Microscopy）などを用いた断面測定によって評価することが可能である。
　ＡｌＴｉ層１３は、アルミニウム及びチタンに加えて、クロムをさらに含有する。また、ＡｌＴｉ層１３は、Ｓｉ、Ｎｂ、Ｈｆ、Ｖ、Ｔａ、Ｍｏ、Ｚｒ及びＷなどの金属成分を含有していてもよい。但し、ＡｌＴｉ層１３では、クロム及び上記の金属成分と比較してアルミニウム及びチタンのそれぞれの含有比率の合計が高い。アルミニウムの含有比率は、例えば、４０～７０％に設定できる。また、チタンの含有比率は、例えば、２５～５５％に設定できる。なお、上記における「含有比率」とは、原子比での含有比率を示している。
　複数のＡｌＴｉ層１３のそれぞれにおいて、アルミニウムの含有比率がチタンの含有比率よりも高くてもよく、また、複数のＡｌＴｉ層１３のそれぞれにおいて、チタンの含有比率がアルミニウムの含有比率よりも高くてもよい。また、複数のＡｌＴｉ層１３はいずれも、アルミニウム及びチタンのそれぞれの含有比率の合計よりも少ない比率でクロムを含有しているが、クロムの含有比率は、例えば、０．１～２０％に設定できる。
　ＡｌＴｉ層１３は、アルミニウム、チタン及びクロムを含む金属成分のみによって構成されていてもよいが、アルミニウム、チタン及びクロムは、単独またはこれらを複数含む、窒化物、炭化物又は炭窒化物であってもよい。
　ＡｌＣｒ層１５は、アルミニウム及びクロムのみによって構成されていてもよいが、アルミニウム及びクロムに加えて、Ｓｉ、Ｎｂ、Ｈｆ、Ｖ、Ｔａ、Ｍｏ、Ｚｒ、Ｔｉ及びＷなどの金属成分を含有していてもよい。但し、ＡｌＣｒ層１５では、上記の金属成分と比較してアルミニウム及びクロムのそれぞれの含有比率の合計が高い。アルミニウムの含有比率は、例えば、２０～６０％に設定できる。また、クロムの含有比率は、例えば、４０～８０％に設定できる。
　複数のＡｌＣｒ層１５のそれぞれにおいて、アルミニウムの含有比率がクロムの含有比率よりも高くてもよく、また、複数のＡｌＣｒ層１５のそれぞれにおいて、クロムの含有比率がアルミニウムの含有比率よりも高くてもよい。
　また、ＡｌＣｒ層１５は、アルミニウム及びクロムを含む金属成分のみによって構成されていてもよいが、アルミニウム及びクロムは、単独またはいずれもを含む、窒化物、炭化物又は炭窒化物であってもよい。
　ＡｌＴｉ層１３及びＡｌＣｒ層１５の組成は、例えば、エネルギー分散型Ｘ線分光分析法（ＥＤＳ）又はＸ線光電子分光分析法（ＸＰＳ）などによって測定することが可能である。
　ＡｌＴｉ層１３及びＡｌＣｒ層１５の数は、特定の値に限定されるものではない。ＡｌＴｉ層１３及びＡｌＣｒ層１５の数は、それぞれ２つ以上であればよいが、例えば、２～５００に設定できる。
　被覆層１１は、ＡｌＴｉ層１３を有していることから耐欠損性が高い。また、被覆層１１は、ＡｌＣｒ層１５を有していることから耐摩耗性が高い。被覆層１１は、複数のＡｌＴｉ層１３及び複数のＡｌＣｒ層１５が交互に位置する構成となっていることから、被覆層１１の全体としての強度が高い。
　なお、複数のＡｌＴｉ層１３及び複数のＡｌＣｒ層１５のそれぞれの厚みが厚く、且つ、複数のＡｌＴｉ層１３及び複数のＡｌＣｒ層１５の数が少ない場合よりも、複数のＡｌＴｉ層１３及び複数のＡｌＣｒ層１５のそれぞれの厚みが薄く、且つ、複数のＡｌＴｉ層１３及び複数のＡｌＣｒ層１５の数が多い場合の方が、被覆層１１の全体としての強度が高い。
　ＡｌＴｉ層１３及びＡｌＣｒ層１５の厚みは、特定の値に限定されるものではないが、例えば、それぞれ５ｎｍ～１００ｎｍに設定できる。なお、複数のＡｌＴｉ層１３及び複数のＡｌＣｒ層１５の厚みは、一定であっても、互いに異なっていてもよい。
　実施形態の一例における複数のＡｌＴｉ層１３は、図４に示すように、第１ＡｌＴｉ層１３ａ及び第２ＡｌＴｉ層１３ｂを有している。第２ＡｌＴｉ層１３ｂは、第１ＡｌＴｉ層１３ａよりも基体９から離れて位置している。被覆工具１は、第２ＡｌＴｉ層１３ｂにおけるクロムの含有比率が、第１ＡｌＴｉ層１３ａにおけるクロムの含有比率よりも高い構成である。これらの構成を満たす被覆工具１は、耐久性に優れる。
　ＡｌＴｉ層及びＡｌＣｒ層のように組成が異なる層が交互に位置しているときは、隣接する層間の界面において剥離が生じるおそれがある。特に、被覆工具の外表面には切削加工時に負荷が加わり易いため、上記の界面のうち被覆工具の外表面に近い部分で上記の剥離が生じ易くなっている。
　実施形態の一例においては、既に述べたように、ＡｌＴｉ層１３が、アルミニウム及びチタンを主成分として含有しており、アルミニウム及びチタンのそれぞれの含有比率の合計よりも少ない比率でクロムを含有している。このような構成を満たすＡｌＴｉ層１３は、ＡｌＴｉ層１３の特性を比較的維持しつつ、ＡｌＣｒ層１５と同様にクロムを含有しているため、ＡｌＣｒ層１５との親和性が高い。そのため、ＡｌＴｉ層１３は、隣接するＡｌＣｒ層１５との接合性（密着性）が高い。
　第１ＡｌＴｉ層１３ａよりも基体９から離れて位置する第２ＡｌＴｉ層１３ｂは、切削加工時に第１ＡｌＴｉ層１３ａよりも大きな切削負荷が加わり易い。実施形態の一例の被覆層１１は、第２ＡｌＴｉ層１３ｂにおけるクロムの含有比率が、第１ＡｌＴｉ層１３ａにおけるクロムの含有比率よりも高いことから、隣接するＡｌＣｒ層１５との接合性が高く、大きな切削負荷に耐え得る。
　また、第１ＡｌＴｉ層１３ａにおけるクロムの含有比率が、第２ＡｌＴｉ層１３ｂにおけるクロムの含有比率よりも低い。これにより、被覆層１１における基体９に近い部分での剥離を生じにくくするとともに、被覆層１１の全体として、ＡｌＴｉ層１３における対欠損性への影響を小さくすることができる。
　そのため、一例の被覆工具１は、層間剥離が生じにくく、耐久性に優れたものとなっている。したがって、一例の被覆工具１によれば、長期に渡り安定した切削加工を行うことができる。
　複数のＡｌＴｉ層１３は、第１ＡｌＴｉ層１３ａ及び第２ＡｌＴｉ層１３ｂの間に位置する第３ＡｌＴｉ層１３ｃをさらに有していてもよい。被覆工具１は、第３ＡｌＴｉ層１３ｃにおけるクロムの含有比率が、第１ＡｌＴｉ層１３ａにおけるクロムの含有比率よりも高く、且つ、第２ＡｌＴｉ層１３ｂにおけるクロムの含有比率よりも低い構成であってもよい。このような構成を満たす被覆工具１は、耐久性に優れる。
　これは、第１ＡｌＴｉ層１３ａ、第２ＡｌＴｉ層１３ｂ及び第３ＡｌＴｉ層１３ｃを含む複数のＡｌＴｉ層１３においてクロムの含有比率が段階的に緩やかに変化し、急激に変化することが避けられるからである。これにより、複数のＡｌＴｉ層１３において靭性及び硬度が急激に変化することが避けられるため、被覆層１１の内部に応力が集中することに起因するクラックの発生などが避けられ易い。
　なお、図４においては、被覆層１１は５つ以上のＡｌＴｉ層１３を有しており、また、第１ＡｌＴｉ層１３ａと第３ＡｌＴｉ層１３ｃとの間、及び、第３ＡｌＴｉ層１３ｃと第２ＡｌＴｉ層１３ｂとの間にそれぞれＡｌＣｒ層１５が位置している。
　複数のＡｌＴｉ層１３は、基体９から離れて位置するものほどクロムの含有比率が高くてもよい。言い換えれば、被覆層１１が４つ以上のＡｌＴｉ層１３を有しているとき、複数のＡｌＴｉ層１３が、基体９から離れて位置するものほどクロムの含有比率が高くてもよい。このような構成を満たすときは、被覆工具１の耐久性をより一層高めることができる。これは、複数のＡｌＴｉ層１３において靭性及び硬度が急激に変化することを避けつつ、複数のＡｌＴｉ層１３のうち最も基体９から離れて位置するＡｌＴｉ層１３におけるクロムの含有比率を非常に高くすることが容易となるからである。
　第２ＡｌＴｉ層１３ｂにおけるアルミニウムの含有比率が、第１ＡｌＴｉ層１３ａにおけるアルミニウムの含有比率よりも低くてもよい。このような構成を満たすときには、第２ＡｌＴｉ層１３ｂと比較して第１ＡｌＴｉ層１３ａの靭性が高い。そのため、被覆層１１は密着性に優れる。
　図５に示すように、複数のＡｌＴｉ層１３のうち、ＡｌＣｒ層１５に挟まれて位置するＡｌＴｉ層１３ｄは、基体９の側に位置する内側面１３１を含む第１領域１３ｄ１と、内側面１３１と反対側に位置する外側面１３２を含む第２領域１３ｄ２と、第１領域１３ｄ１及び第２領域１３ｄ２の間に位置して厚み方向ａの中央１３３を含む第３領域１３ｄ３とを有していてもよい。
　このとき、第１領域１３ｄ１及び第２領域１３ｄ２におけるクロムの含有比率が、第３領域１３ｄ３におけるクロムの含有比率よりも高くてもよい。これらの構成を満たすときは、ＡｌＣｒ層１５に面する第１領域１３ｄ１及び第２領域１３ｄ２におけるクロムの含有比率が相対的に高いことから、ＡｌＴｉ層１３及びＡｌＣｒ層１５の接合性がさらに高い。
　基体９は、後述するように、炭化タングステン（ＷＣ）及びコバルト（Ｃｏ）を含有していてもよい。このとき、複数のＡｌＴｉ層１３のうち、少なくとも最も基体９の近くに位置するＡｌＴｉ層１３ｅは、コバルトを含有するとともに、コバルトの含有比率がクロムの含有比率よりも高くてもよい。最も基体９の近くに位置するＡｌＴｉ層１３ｅがコバルトを含有している場合には、基体９に対する被覆層１１の接合性が高い。
　さらに、コバルトの含有比率がクロムの含有比率よりも高いときには、コバルトの含有比率が相対的に高いことによって基体９に対する被覆層１１の接合性が高く、クロムの含有比率が抑えられることによって上記のＡｌＴｉ層１３ｅの靭性が高い。
　なお、一例の被覆工具１は、図１に示すように四角板形状であるが、被覆工具１の形状としてはこのような形状に限定されるものではない。例えば、第１面３及び第３面８が四角形ではなく、三角形、六角形又は円形などであっても何ら問題ない。
　一例の被覆工具１は、図１に示すように、貫通孔１７を有している。実施形態の一例における貫通孔１７は、第１面３から第１面３の反対側に位置する第３面８にかけて形成されており、これらの面において開口している。貫通孔１７は、被覆工具１をホルダに保持する際に、ネジ又はクランプ部材などを取り付けるために用いることが可能である。なお、貫通孔１７は、第２面５における互いに反対側に位置する領域において開口する構成であっても何ら問題ない。
　基体９の材質としては、例えば、超硬合金、サーメット及びセラミックスなどの無機材料が挙げられる。超硬合金の組成としては、例えば、ＷＣ（炭化タングステン）－Ｃｏ、ＷＣ－ＴｉＣ（炭化チタン）－Ｃｏ及びＷＣ－ＴｉＣ－ＴａＣ（炭化タンタル）－Ｃｏなどが挙げられる。ここで、ＷＣ、ＴｉＣ及びＴａＣは硬質粒子であり、Ｃｏは結合相である。また、サーメットは、セラミック成分に金属を複合させた焼結複合材料である。具体的には、サーメットとして、ＴｉＣ又はＴｉＮ（窒化チタン）を主成分とした化合物などが挙げられる。なお、基体９の材質としては、これらに限定されるものではない。
　被覆層１１は、例えば、物理蒸着（ＰＶＤ）法などを用いることによって、基体９の上に位置させることが可能である。例えば、貫通孔１７の内周面で基体９を保持した状態で上記の蒸着法を利用して被覆層１１を形成する場合には、貫通孔１７の内周面を除く基体９の表面の全体を覆うように被覆層１１を位置させることができる。
　物理蒸着法としては、例えば、イオンプレーティング法及びスパッタリング法などが挙げられる。一例として、イオンプレーティング法で作製する場合には、下記の方法によって被覆層１１を作製することができる。
　第１の手順として、アルミニウム、チタン及びクロムをそれぞれ独立に含有する金属ターゲット、複合化した合金ターゲット又は焼結体ターゲットを準備する。金属源である上記のターゲットをアーク放電又はグロー放電などによって蒸発させてイオン化する。イオン化したターゲットを、窒素源の窒素（Ｎ2）ガス、炭素源のメタン（ＣＨ4）ガス又はアセチレン（Ｃ2Ｈ2）ガスなどと反応させるとともに、基体９の表面に蒸着させる。以上の手順によってＡｌＴｉ層１３を形成することが可能である。
　第２の手順として、アルミニウム及びクロムをそれぞれ独立に含有する金属ターゲット、複合化した合金ターゲット又は焼結体ターゲットを準備する。金属源である上記のターゲットをアーク放電又はグロー放電などによって蒸発させてイオン化する。イオン化したターゲットを、窒素源の窒素（Ｎ2）ガス、炭素源のメタン（ＣＨ4）ガス又はアセチレン（Ｃ2Ｈ2）ガスなどと反応させるとともに、基体９の表面に蒸着させる。以上の手順によってＡｌＣｒ層１５を形成することが可能である。
　上記の第１の手順及び第２の手順を交互に繰り返すことによって、複数のＡｌＴｉ層１３及び複数のＡｌＣｒ層１５が交互に積層された構成の被覆層１１を形成することが可能である。なお、まず第２の手順を行った後に第１の手順を行っても何ら問題ない。
　ここで、第１の手順を繰り返す際に、途中でクロムの比率が高くなるようにクロムの比率を変化させることによって、第１ＡｌＴｉ層１３ａ及び第２ＡｌＴｉ層１３ｂを有する複数のＡｌＴｉ層１３を作製することが可能である。
　例えば、第１の手順を繰り返す際に、最初に第１の手順を行うときから最後に第１の手順を行うときにかけて、徐々にクロムの比率が高くなるようにクロムの比率を変化させることによって、基体９から離れて位置するＡｌＴｉ層１３ほどクロムの含有比率を高くすることが可能である。
　＜切削工具＞
　次に、本開示の様々な実施形態に係る切削工具について図面を用いて説明する。
　実施形態の一例の切削工具１０１は、図６に示すように、第１端（図６における上端）から第２端（図６における下端）に向かって延びる棒状体である。切削工具１０１は、図７に示すように、第１端側（先端側）にポケット１０３を有するホルダ１０５と、ポケット１０３に位置する上記の被覆工具１とを備えている。切削工具１０１は、被覆工具１を備えているため、長期に渡り安定した切削加工を行うことができる。
　ポケット１０３は、被覆工具１が装着される部分であり、ホルダ１０５の下面に対して平行な着座面と、着座面に対して傾斜する拘束側面とを有している。また、ポケット１０３は、ホルダ１０５の第１端側において開口している。
　ポケット１０３には被覆工具１が位置している。このとき、被覆工具１の下面がポケット１０３に直接に接していてもよく、また、被覆工具１とポケット１０３との間にシート（不図示）が挟まれていてもよい。
　被覆工具１は、第１面３及び第２面５が交わる稜線における切刃７として用いられる部分の少なくとも一部がホルダ１０５から外方に突出するようにホルダ１０５に装着される。実施形態の一例においては、被覆工具１は、固定ネジ１０７によって、ホルダ１０５に装着されている。すなわち、被覆工具１の貫通孔１７に固定ネジ１０７を挿入し、この固定ネジ１０７の先端をポケット１０３に形成されたネジ孔（不図示）に挿入してネジ部同士を螺合させることによって、被覆工具１がホルダ１０５に装着されている。
　ホルダ１０５の材質としては、鋼、鋳鉄などを用いることができる。これらの部材の中で靱性の高い鋼を用いてもよい。
　実施形態の一例においては、いわゆる旋削加工に用いられる切削工具を例示している。旋削加工としては、例えば、内径加工、外径加工及び溝入れ加工などが挙げられる。なお、切削工具としては旋削加工に用いられるものに限定されない。例えば、転削加工に用いられる切削工具に上記の実施形態の被覆工具１を用いてもよい。
　また、本開示の全体において、単数形「ａ」、「ａｎ」及び「ｔｈｅ」は、文脈から明らかにそうでないことが示されていなければ、複数のものを含むものとする。
　　１・・・被覆工具
　　３・・・第１面
　　３ａ・・・すくい面領域
　　５・・・第２面
　　５ａ・・・逃げ面領域
　　７・・・切刃
　　８・・・第３面
　　９・・・基体
　１１・・・被覆層
　１３・・・ＡｌＴｉ層
　１３ａ・・・第１ＡｌＴｉ層
　１３ｂ・・・第２ＡｌＴｉ層
　１３ｃ・・・第３ＡｌＴｉ層
　１３ｄ・・・ＡｌＴｉ層
　１３ｄ１・・・第１領域
　１３１・・・内側面
　１３ｄ２・・・第２領域
　１３２・・・外側面
　１３ｄ３・・・第３領域
　１３３・・・中央
　１３ｅ・・・ＡｌＴｉ層
　１５・・・ＡｌＣｒ層
　１７・・・貫通孔
１０１・・・切削工具
１０３・・・ポケット
１０５・・・ホルダ
１０７・・・固定ネジ

Claims (7)

  1. 　基体と、該基体の上に位置する被覆層とを備え、
    　該被覆層は、アルミニウム及びチタンを主成分として含有するＡｌＴｉ層と、アルミニウム及びクロムを主成分として含有するＡｌＣｒ層とをそれぞれ複数有し、前記ＡｌＴｉ層及び前記ＡｌＣｒ層が交互に位置し、
    　複数の前記ＡｌＴｉ層は、第１ＡｌＴｉ層と、該第１ＡｌＴｉ層よりも前記基体から離れて位置する第２ＡｌＴｉ層とを有し、
    　複数の前記ＡｌＴｉ層は、それぞれクロムをさらに含有し、
    　前記第２ＡｌＴｉ層におけるクロムの含有比率が、前記第１ＡｌＴｉ層におけるクロムの含有比率よりも高いことを特徴とする被覆工具。
  2. 　複数の前記ＡｌＴｉ層は、前記第１ＡｌＴｉ層及び前記第２ＡｌＴｉ層の間に位置する第３ＡｌＴｉ層をさらに有し、
    　前記第３ＡｌＴｉ層におけるクロムの含有比率が、前記第１ＡｌＴｉ層におけるクロムの含有比率よりも高く、且つ、前記第２ＡｌＴｉ層におけるクロムの含有比率よりも低いことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の被覆工具。
  3. 　複数の前記ＡｌＴｉ層は、前記基体から離れて位置するものほどクロムの含有比率が高いことを特徴とする請求項２に記載の被覆工具。
  4. 　前記第２ＡｌＴｉ層におけるアルミニウムの含有比率が、前記第１ＡｌＴｉ層におけるアルミニウムの含有比率よりも低いことを特徴とする請求項１～３のいずれか１つに記載の被覆工具。
  5. 　複数の前記ＡｌＴｉ層のうち、前記ＡｌＣｒ層に挟まれて位置する前記ＡｌＴｉ層は、前記基体の側に位置する内側面を含む第１領域と、前記内側面と反対側に位置する外側面を含む第２領域と、前記第１領域及び前記第２領域の間に位置して厚み方向の中央を含む第３領域とを有し、
    　前記第１領域及び前記第２領域におけるクロムの含有比率が、前記第３領域におけるクロムの含有比率よりも高いことを特徴とする請求項１～４のいずれか１つに記載の被覆工具。
  6. 　前記基体は、炭化タングステン及びコバルトを含有し、
    　複数の前記ＡｌＴｉ層のうち、少なくとも最も前記基体の近くに位置する前記ＡｌＴｉ層は、コバルトを含有するとともに、コバルトの含有比率がクロムの含有比率よりも高いことを特徴とする請求項１～５のいずれか１つに記載の被覆工具。
  7. 　先端側にポケットを有するホルダと、
    　前記ポケットに位置する請求項１～６のいずれか１つに記載の被覆工具とを備えた切削工具。
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