WO2019019422A1 - 一种薄板船体结构的焊接方法 - Google Patents

一种薄板船体结构的焊接方法 Download PDF

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WO2019019422A1
WO2019019422A1 PCT/CN2017/105967 CN2017105967W WO2019019422A1 WO 2019019422 A1 WO2019019422 A1 WO 2019019422A1 CN 2017105967 W CN2017105967 W CN 2017105967W WO 2019019422 A1 WO2019019422 A1 WO 2019019422A1
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sheet
welding
plate
thin
hull structure
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PCT/CN2017/105967
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English (en)
French (fr)
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刘贵红
叶彬
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广船国际有限公司
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Publication of WO2019019422A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019019422A1/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/16Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K37/00Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K37/04Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work
    • B23K37/0426Fixtures for other work
    • B23K37/0435Clamps
    • B23K37/0443Jigs

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of ship processing and manufacturing, in particular to a welding method of a thin plate hull structure.
  • the structure of the ball flat steel ie, the plate
  • the structure of the ball flat steel is required to be welded on both sides of the hull.
  • all the welds on one side of the structure are welded immediately after welding. Seam.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a welding method for a thin-plate hull structure, which can solve the problem that the local deformation caused by welding in the prior art is large, and the hull is corrected by a large area or the plate is adjusted.
  • Providing a welding method for a thin hull structure hoisting a plurality of sheets to a set position of a sheet, first welding a weld seam of each of the sheets and the same side of the sheet, and then welding each of the sheets and a weld on the other side of the sheet.
  • a groove is formed for each end of the plate for connecting the sheet, the plate has a first side and a second side, and the groove comprises opening on the first side a first groove and a second groove opening on the second side.
  • the first bevel and the second bevel have equal inclination angles with a blunt edge therebetween, and the width of the blunt edge is less than 1/4 of the thickness of the sheet.
  • a deformation preventing tool for preventing the welding deformation of the plate material is disposed on a side of the plate material facing away from the welding. After one side of the welding is finished, after the time t1 is finished, the removal is performed. The deformation preventing tool is mounted and the anti-deformation tool is moved to the welded side.
  • the deformation preventing tool comprises a tooling substrate and a backing plate fixed on a side of the tooling substrate away from the sheet body; the backing plate selectively abuts a side surface of the plate material, and the tooling substrate is adjacent to the tooling substrate
  • One side of the sheet body is provided with an electromagnetic component for selective adsorption on the sheet body.
  • the sheet body is provided with a plurality of compacts at the unwelded portion.
  • a card code is disposed around the sheet to define the position of the sheet.
  • the card code can also be used to prevent the occurrence of warping when the sheet is welded, and to prevent the sheet from being deformed to some extent.
  • the card code is detachably connected to the ground, and the card code height is adjustable for use with a sheet of different thickness.
  • the tool substrate is a full-plate structure, and the length of the tool substrate is the same as the length of the plate.
  • the electromagnetic components are spaced along the length direction of the tool substrate, and adjacent electromagnetic groups The distance between the pieces is not more than 50mm.
  • the mass of the compact is 30 to 60 kg.
  • the compact has a mass of 50 kg.
  • the sheet has a thickness of 4 to 5 mm.
  • the welding temperature required for the welding is 180 to 200 °C.
  • the method further comprises: performing surface treatment on the surface to be welded of the plate to be welded and the sheet to be welded.
  • each plate and the same side of the sheet are first welded, and after all the plates are welded to the same side, the first plate is returned to the other side of the sheet, and the other side of the sheet is welded one by one. The same side welding is completed.
  • This method can offset the welding deformations on both sides, so that the welded body can better ensure the installation accuracy requirements.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the welding of a plate and a sheet in a thin hull structure provided by the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a thin-plate hull structure provided by the present invention after welding;
  • Fig. 3 is a structural schematic view showing the use of the anti-deformation tool when the sheet and the sheet body are welded according to the present invention.
  • a welding method for a thin-plate hull structure is provided.
  • the plurality of sheets 1 are hoisted to a set position of the sheet 2, and the welds on the same side of each sheet 1 and the sheet 2 are welded first, and then welded.
  • the weld bead of each sheet 1 and the other side of the sheet 2.
  • a groove is formed for each end of the sheet material 1 for connecting the sheet body 2, the sheet material 1 has a first side surface 11 and a second side surface 12, and the groove includes the opening portion
  • the first groove 111 of the first side surface 11 and the second groove 121 of the second side surface 12 are formed.
  • the first groove 111 is welded first, and then the second groove 121 is welded.
  • the inclination angles of the first groove 111 and the second groove 121 are equal, and there is a blunt edge between the two, and the width of the blunt edge is smaller than 1/4 of the thickness of the sheet material 1.
  • the left side is welded first (the direction can be clearly indicated by the arrow pointing), and the right side is welded.
  • a deformation preventing tool for preventing the welding deformation of the sheet material 1 is disposed on a side of the sheet material 1 facing away from the welding, and when one side of the welding is finished, the At time t1, the anti-deformation tool is removed and the anti-deformation tool is moved to the welded side.
  • the deformation preventing tool includes a tooling substrate 31 and a backing plate 32 fixed to a side of the tooling substrate 31 away from the sheet body 2; the backing plate 32 and a side surface of the sheet material 1 are selected.
  • an electromagnetic component 33 is disposed on a side of the tool substrate 31 adjacent to the sheet body 2 for selective adsorption on the sheet body 2.
  • the tooling substrate 31 may be a full-plate structure, the length of which is consistent with the length of the plate material 1, and the electromagnetic components 33 are spaced apart along the length direction of the tooling substrate 31, and the spacing distance is not more than 50 mm; the plate 32 may also be a full-plate structure, or spaced A plurality of structures are provided; the electromagnetic component 33 can also be a magnet.
  • the welding method can prevent the problem that the internal force of the hull mechanism is greatly affected, and the problem of large-area machining correction or plate changing is effectively prevented, thereby effectively improving the welding qualification rate and avoiding material waste. question.
  • the sheet body 2 When the sheet material 1 is welded to the sheet body 2, the sheet body 2 is heated to cause a problem of bulging.
  • the sheet body 2 in the embodiment is provided with a plurality of pressing blocks at the unwelded portion.
  • the pressure block may be a stainless steel block or a cast iron block, wherein the size of the pressure block is generally limited to 400 mm in width and 500 mm in length, and the thickness of the pressing block is 25 to 30 mm, and the size of the pressing block is limited to the above parameters, which can make the welding worker convenient. Transferring the briquettes does not cause a lot of labor in the welding process to transfer the briquettes.
  • the compact is a rectangular block, which enables the bottom surface of the compact to be in good contact with the sheet 2, so that the degree of swelling of the sheet 2 is further reduced.
  • the mass of the compact in the embodiment is 30-60 kg; specifically, the mass of the compact is 50 kg.
  • the welding method is combined with the pressing block, which can effectively reduce the deformation of the welding portion and improve the welding. Pass rate.
  • the card body 2 is provided with a card code to define the position of the sheet body 2.
  • the card code can also be a clamping mechanism or a pressing mechanism, so that the positioning of the card body 2 can be achieved without the movement of the welding.
  • the card code can be detachably connected to the ground, and the height of the card code can be adjusted according to the sheet body of different thicknesses to facilitate the use of the sheet body 2 of different thicknesses.
  • the sheet body 2 has a thickness of 4 to 5 mm; and the welding temperature is 180 to 200 °C.
  • the embodiment further comprises: before the welding, the surface to be welded of the sheet 1 to be welded and the sheet 2 to be partially treated.
  • the purpose of surface treatment of the sheet to be welded 1 and the sheet 2 is to prevent the rust, moisture and oil on the weld from adversely affecting the welding, and to prevent quality problems such as undercutting of the weld.
  • ordinary welding torches are used for welding, while CO 2 semi-automatic welding is used for welding.
  • CO 2 semi-automatic welding is used to save economic cost.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)

Abstract

一种薄板船体结构的焊接方法,具体为:将多个板材(1)吊装至片体(2)的设定位置,先焊接每个所述板材与所述片体的同一侧的焊缝,再焊接每个所述板材与所述片体另一侧的焊缝。该方法通过将每个板材与片体的同一侧先进行焊接,当所有板材同一侧均焊接完成后,再返回第一个焊接板材处,对板材另一侧进行焊接,逐个将所述板材同一侧焊接完成。该方法能够使两侧焊接变形相互抵消,使得焊接后的片体安装能够更好的保证安装精度要求。

Description

一种薄板船体结构的焊接方法 技术领域
本发明涉及船舶加工制造技术领域,尤其涉及一种薄板船体结构的焊接方法。
背景技术
船体建造时,在片体上安装球扁钢(即板材)等结构都是需要双面焊的,现阶段全部都是先焊接完结构某一侧的焊缝之后马上就焊接另一侧的焊缝。
对于单个结构而言,焊接完一侧的焊缝之后马上就去焊接另一侧的情况不利于结构的焊接变形的过程控制,容易导致最终冷却之后结构出现较大的变形。且由于结构的焊接过程,全凭现场施工人员的经验,没有统一的工艺文件规定,往往使得结构的变形情况处于不可控状态,无法预知。很多情况下需要后续工序对偏差大的位置进行开刀调整,浪费较多的人力物力。在薄板船体结构建造时,如果大面积的火攻调整会导致船体钢材的质量由于高温而产生变化,进而影响船体结构的质量。
在那些需要大量安装结构的部件或者分段,当局部的变形集中产生作用时,对船体结构内部受力的影响非常大,有很大的不利影响,可能会导致大面积开刀校正或者换板调整等,给船体结构建造质量、船舶生产成本控制以及船舶建造企业带来不良影响。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提出一种薄板船体结构的焊接方法,能够解决现有技术中焊接造成的局部变形较大,导致船体大面积开刀矫正或者换板调整的问题。
为达此目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
提供一种薄板船体结构的焊接方法,将多个板材吊装至片体的设定位置,先焊接每个所述板材与所述片体的同一侧的焊缝,再焊接每个所述板材与所述片体另一侧的焊缝。
作为优选,在吊装前先对每个所述板材用于连接所述片体的一端开设坡口,所述板材具有第一侧面和第二侧面,所述坡口包括开设在所述第一侧面的第一坡口和开设在所述第二侧面的第二坡口。
作为优选,所述第一坡口和所述第二坡口的倾斜角度相等,且两者之间具有钝边,所述钝边的宽度小于所述板材厚度的1/4。
作为优选,在所述板材与所述片体焊接前,在所述板材背离焊接的一侧设置防止所述板材焊接变形的防变形工装,当其中一侧焊接结束后,经过时间t1,拆除所述防变形工装并将所述防变形工装移动至已焊接的一侧。
作为优选,所述防变形工装包括工装基板和固定在所述工装基板远离所述片体的一侧的靠板;所述靠板与所述板材的侧面选择性抵接,所述工装基板靠近所述片体的一侧设置电磁组件,用于选择性吸附在所述片体上。
作为优选,所述片体未焊接处设置有多个压块。
作为优选,所述片体四周设置有卡码用以限定所述片体位置。
卡码还可以用于防止片体焊接时发生翘边情况,在一定程度上防止片体变形。
作为优选,所述卡码与地面可拆卸连接,且所述卡码高度可调节,用以配合不同厚度的片体使用。
作为优选,所述工装基板为整板结构,且所述工装基板的长度与所述板材的长度相同。
作为优选,所述电磁组件沿工装基板的长度方向间隔设置,且相邻电磁组 件之间的距离不大于50mm。
作为优选,所述压块质量为30~60kg。
作为优选,所述压块质量为50kg。
作为优选,所述片体厚度为4~5mm。
作为优选,所述焊接所需焊接温度为180~200℃。
作为优选,还包括:将待焊接板材和片体的待焊接处进行表面局部处理。
本发明中通过将每个板材与片体的同一侧先进行焊接,当所有板材同一侧均焊接完成后,再返回第一个焊接板材处,对板材另一侧进行焊接,逐个将所述板材同一侧焊接完成。该种方法能够使两侧焊接变形相互抵消,使得焊接后的片体安装能够更好的保证安装精度要求。
附图说明
图1是本发明提供的薄板船体结构中板材与片体的焊接示意图;
图2是本发明提供的薄板船体结构的焊接后的结构示意图;
图3是本发明提供的板材与片体焊接时使用防变形工装时的结构示意图。
图中:
1、板材;11、第一侧面;111、第一坡口;12、第二侧面;121、第二坡口;2、片体;31、工装基板;32、靠板。
具体实施方式
为了使本领域技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案,下面结合附图并通过具体实施方式来进一步说明本发明的技术方案。
本实施例中提供了一种薄板船体结构的焊接方法,将与多个板材1吊装至片体2的设定位置,先焊接每个板材1与片体2的同一侧的焊缝,再焊接每个板材1与片体2另一侧的焊缝。
其中,在吊装前先对每个所述板材1用于连接所述片体2的一端开设坡口,所述板材1具有第一侧面11和第二侧面12,所述坡口包括开设在所述第一侧面11的第一坡口111和开设在所述第二侧面12的第二坡口121。如图1所示,本实施例中,焊接时,先将焊接第一坡口111处,再焊接第二坡口121处。第一坡口111和所述第二坡口121的倾斜角度相等,且两者之间具有钝边,所述钝边的宽度小于所述板材1厚度的1/4。
需要说明的是,焊接每个板材1的另一侧焊缝时,需要从焊接时第一个焊接的板材1处焊接,这样能够保证第一个焊接的板材1焊接处热量完全散去,使得冷却后的结构不会出现较大的变形,不会影响片体2后续安装使用。
如图2所示,本实施例中焊接时先焊接左侧(通过箭头指向能够明确的获知),再焊接右侧。
本实施例中在所述板材1与所述片体2焊接前,在所述板材1背离焊接的一侧设置防止所述板材1焊接变形的防变形工装,当其中一侧焊接结束后,经过时间t1,拆除所述防变形工装并将所述防变形工装移动至已焊接的一侧。如图3所示,所述防变形工装包括工装基板31和固定在所述工装基板31远离所述片体2的一侧的靠板32;所述靠板32与所述板材1的侧面选择性抵接,所述工装基板31靠近所述片体2的一侧设置电磁组件33,用于选择性吸附在所述片体2上。
工装基板31可以为整板结构,其长度与板材1的长度一致,而电磁组件33沿工装基板31的长度方向间隔设置,间隔距离不大于50mm;靠板32也可以为整板结构,或者间隔设置的多个结构;电磁组件33还可以是磁铁。
该种焊接方法,能够防止船体机构内部受力影响较大而导致大面积开刀矫正或者换板调整的问题,进而有效的提高了焊接合格率,且避免材料浪费的问 题。
由于板材1与片体2焊接时,片体2受热会出现鼓起的问题,为了能够使下一个板材1正常焊接,本实施例中所述片体2未焊接处设置有多个压块。其中压块可为不锈钢块或者铸铁块,其中压块的尺寸一般限定宽为400mm,长为500mm,而压块的厚度为25~30mm,将压块尺寸限定为上述参数,能够使焊接工人方便将压块转移,不会造成焊接过程中需要耗费大量人力去转移压块的问题。同时压块为矩形块,能够使压块的底面与片体2较好的接触,使片体2的鼓起程度进一步减小。为了便于焊接工人能够实现单人或者双人搬运的目的,本实施例中所述压块质量为30~60kg;具体的,所述压块质量为50kg。
本实施例中通过对每个板材1同一侧先焊接,然后再对每个板材1的另一侧再次进行焊接,该种焊接方式与压块结合,能够有效的减少焊接处变形量,提高焊接合格率。
片体2焊接时,需要先对片体2进行限位,为此,本实施例中所述片体2四周设置有卡码用以限定所述片体2位置。当然卡码还可以是装夹机构或者装压机构,以能够实现对片体2装卡定位不会在焊接出现移动为准。其中卡码可以与地面可拆卸连接,且卡码高度能够根据不同厚度的片体进行调节,以方便不同厚度的片体2使用。
本实施例中片体2厚度为4~5mm;焊接温度为180~200℃。
为了保证焊接质量,本实施例在焊接之前还还包括:将待焊接板材1和片体2的待焊接处进行表面局部处理。将待焊接板材1与片体2进行表面局部处理的目的是防止焊接处铁锈、水分、油污对焊接产生不良影响,防止焊接出现咬边等质量问题。同时,焊接时使用普通焊枪,而焊接则采用CO2半自动焊。本实施例中采用CO2半自动焊焊接,节省经济成本。
注意,以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施方式的限制,上述实施方式和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内,本发明的要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种薄板船体结构的焊接方法,其特征在于,将多个板材(1)吊装至片体(2)的设定位置,先焊接每个所述板材(1)与所述片体(2)的同一侧的焊缝,再焊接每个所述板材(1)与所述片体(2)另一侧的焊缝。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的薄板船体结构的焊接方法,其特征在于,在吊装前先对每个所述板材(1)用于连接所述片体(2)的一端开设坡口,所述板材(1)具有第一侧面(11)和第二侧面(12),所述坡口包括开设在所述第一侧面(11)的第一坡口(111)和开设在所述第二侧面(12)的第二坡口(121)。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的薄板船体结构的焊接方法,其特征在于,所述第一坡口(111)和所述第二坡口(121)的倾斜角度相等,且两者之间具有钝边,所述钝边的宽度小于所述板材(1)厚度的1/4。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的薄板船体结构的焊接方法,其特征在于,在所述板材(1)与所述片体(2)焊接前,在所述板材(1)背离焊接的一侧设置防止所述板材(1)焊接变形的防变形工装,当其中一侧焊接结束后,经过时间t1,拆除所述防变形工装并将所述防变形工装移动至已焊接的一侧。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的薄板船体结构的焊接方法,其特征在于,所述防变形工装包括工装基板(31)和固定在所述工装基板(31)远离所述片体(2)的一侧的靠板(32);所述靠板(32)与所述板材(1)的侧面选择性抵接,所述工装基板(31)靠近所述片体(2)的一侧设置电磁组件(33),用于选择性吸附在所述片体(2)上。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5任一项所述的薄板船体结构的焊接方法,其特征在于,所述片体(2)未焊接处设置有多个压块。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的薄板船体结构的焊接方法,其特征在于,所述片体(2)四周设置有卡码用以限定所述片体(2)位置。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的薄板船体结构的焊接方法,其特征在于,所述卡码与地面可拆卸连接,且所述卡码高度可调节,用以配合不同厚度的片体(2)使用。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的薄板船体结构的焊接方法,其特征在于,所述工装基板(31)为整板结构,且所述工装基板(31)的长度与所述板材(1)的长度相同。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的薄板船体结构的焊接方法,其特征在于,所述电磁组件(33)沿工装基板(31)的长度方向间隔设置,且相邻电磁组件(33)之间的距离不大于50mm。
PCT/CN2017/105967 2017-07-28 2017-10-13 一种薄板船体结构的焊接方法 WO2019019422A1 (zh)

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