Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
  • C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D403/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
  • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
  • A61K31/517—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic ring systems, e.g. quinazoline, perimidine
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
  • A61P35/04—Antineoplastic agents specific for metastasis
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D405/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing three or more hetero rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C07B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
  • C07B2200/13—Crystalline forms, e.g. polymorphs

Definitions

• the specification generally relates to substituted phenoxyquinazoline compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. These compounds and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts selectively modulate KIT, including wildtype KIT and primary and secondary KIT mutations, and the specification therefore also relates to the use of such compounds and salts thereof to treat or prevent KIT mediated disease, including cancer.
• the specification further relates to crystalline forms of substituted phenoxyquinazoline compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof; pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds and salts; kits comprising such compounds and salts; methods of manufacture of such compounds and salts; and to methods of treating KIT mediated disease, including cancer, using such compounds and salts.
• Receptor tyrosine kinases can be oncogenic drivers in cancer due to genetic aberrations such as amplification, mutations or fusion events or via overexpression (M. A. Lemmon, K. M. Ferguson, Cell 130, 213 (2007)). Most aberrations in RTK result in ligand- independent activation of the receptor and activation of downstream signalling promoting cell growth and proliferation and increased survival.
• the class III RTK including KIT, platelet- derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) alpha and beta, colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSFIR), and the Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 receptor (FLT3) is implicated in a variety of human cancers (K. Verstraete, S. N. Savvides, Nat. Rev. Cancer 12, 753 (2012)).
• the gene encoding KIT is located on Chr 4 and comprises 21 exons (J. Lennartsson, L. Ronnstrand, Physiol Rev. 92, 1619 (2012)).
• the 976 amino acids of the KIT protein are divided into key domains: an extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain, a juxtamembrane domain (JM) and kinase domain separated by a kinase insert (KID) in the middle.
• the mature protein is -145 KDa following N glycosylation and is expressed at the cell surface.
• the dimerisation increases the intrinsic kinase activity phosphorylating tyrosine residues in the JM domain (Y547, Y553, Y568 and Y570) followed by phosphorylations in the KID (Y703, Y721, Y729/730) and finally the activation loop (Y823) (J. P. DiNitto et al, J. Biochem. 147, 601 (2010)).
• Some phosphoylations sites on KIT are key docking sites for adaptors and downstream effectors propagating the activation signal.
• PI3K, Src and MAPK are key signalling pathways activated downstream of KIT. Regulation of KIT signalling includes internalization and subsequent degradation of the receptor, phosphorylation of Ser 741 and 746, and dephosphorylation of tyrosine residues by phosphatases such as SHP1.
• KIT-driven signaling plays a key role in specific cell types, including interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs), melanocytes, mast cells, germ cells and some hematopoietic stem cells (J. Lennartsson, L. Ronnstrand, Physiol Rev. 92, 1619 (2012)). Aberrations of KIT are observed in malignancies derived from these cell types. For example, KIT mutations are reported in gastrointestinal stromal tumours (originating from ICC), in mastocytosis and in melanomas.
• GISTs Gastrointestinal stromal tumors
• GISTs are most commonly found in the stomach and small intestine.
• Neoplastic GIST originate from the same precursor cells as the ICC and the vast majority of GIST express KIT protein initially called CD117. KIT mutations affecting exon 11 were first identified in GIST in 1998 (S.
• Imatinib was the first KIT inhibitor tested in GIST, demonstrating remarkable activity in patients with advanced GIST (G. D. Demetri et al., N. Engl. J. Med. 347, 472 (2002), J. Verweij et al, Lancet 364, 1127 (2004), C. D. Blanke et al, J. Clin. Oncol. 26, 626 (2008)).
• a meta-analysis of 2 large clinical studies concluded that patients with exon 9 mutations in KIT or other mutations had worse prognosis than patients with exon 11 mutations (Metagist, J. Clin. Oncol. 28, 1247 (2010)).
• KIT inhibitors that inhibit secondary KIT mutations, and furthermore, are selective against KDR, particularly as existing treatments are ineffective against such secondary mutations.
• KIT inhibitors that inhibit primary KIT mutations and wildtype KIT.
• the compounds of the disclosure have been found to possess potent anti-tumour activity, being useful in inhibiting a range of secondary KIT mutations, including V654A, D816H and T670I, as well as primary mutations and wildtype KIT, and furthermore are selective against KDR.
• the compounds of the disclosure have the required pharmaceutical properties, for example, good PK properties.
• R 1 is a C2-3 alkyl or a cyclopropyl group
• R 2 is a Ci-3 alkyl, optionally substituted with a group selected from hydroxyl, C1-3 alkoxy and -NR 5 R 6 , where R 5 and R 6 are each independently hydrogen or methyl or R 5 and R 6 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a 5 membered heterocyclyl ring; or a 4 to 6 membered heterocyclyl containing one oxygen atom;
• R 3 is hydrogen or fluoro
• R 4 is hydrogen or methoxy.
• This specification also describes, in part, a pharmaceutical composition which comprises a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier.
• This specification also describes, in part, a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in therapy.
• This specification also describes, in part, a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in the treatment of cancer.
• This specification also describes, in part, a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of cancer.
• This specification also describes, in part, a method for treating cancer in a warm blooded animal in need of such treatment, which comprises administering to the warm-blooded animal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• Figure A shows the XRPD for Form A of N-(4-((6,7-Dimethoxyquinazolin-4- yl)oxy)phenyl)-2-(4-isopropyl-lH-l ,2,3-triazol-l-yl)acetamide (Compound A, Example 1).
• Figure B shows the DSC for Form A of N-(4-((6,7-Dimethoxyquinazolin-4- yl)oxy)phenyl)-2-(4-isopropyl-lH-l ,2,3-triazol-l-yl)acetamide (Compound A, Example 1).
• Figure C shows the XRPD for Form B of N-(4-((6,7-Dimethoxyquinazolin-4- yl)oxy)phenyl)-2-(4-isopropyl-lH-l ,2,3-triazol-l-yl)acetamide (Compound A, Example 1).
• Figure D shows the DSC for Form B of N-(4-((6,7-Dimethoxyquinazolin-4- yl)oxy)phenyl)-2-(4-isopropyl-lH-l ,2,3-triazol-l-yl)acetamide (Compound A, Example 1).
• R 1 is a C2-3 alkyl or a cyclopropyl group
• R 2 is a Ci-3 alkyl, optionally substituted with a group selected from hydroxyl, C1-C3 alkoxy, or -NR 5 R 6 , where R 5 and R 6 are each independently hydrogen or methyl or R 5 and R 6 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a 5 membered heterocyclyl ring; or a 4 to 6 membered heterocyclyl containing one oxygen atom;
• R 3 is hydrogen or fluoro; and R 4 is hydrogen or methoxy.
• Suitable 4 to 6 membered heterocyclyl rings containing one oxygen atom include an oxetanyl ring, a tetrahydrofuranyl ring and an oxanyl ring.
• oxetanyl includes oxetan-3-yl, the structure of which is shown below
• tetrahydrofuranyl includes tetrahydrofuran-3-yl, the structure of which is shown below.
• oxanyl ring includes oxan-3-yl and oxan-4-yl groups, the structures of which are shown below.
• An oxanyl ring may also be referred to as a tetrahydropyranyl ring.
• an oxan- 4-yl ring may be referred to as a tetrahydropyran-4-yl ring
• an oxan-3-yl ring may be referred to as a tetrahydropyran-3-yl ring.
• C p - q in C p - q alkyl and other terms indicates the range of carbon atoms that are present in the group, for example C1-3 alkyl includes Ci alkyl (methyl), C2 alkyl (ethyl) and C3 alkyl (propyl as n-propyl and isopropyl).
• C p - q alkoxy comprises -0-C p - q alkyl groups.
• substituted means that one or more hydrogens (for example one or two hydrogens, or alternatively one hydrogen) on the designated group is replaced by the indicated substituent(s) (for example one or two substituents, or alternatively one substituent), provided that any atom(s) bearing a substituent maintains a permitted valency.
• Substituent combinations encompass only stable compounds and stable synthetic intermediates. "Stable” means that the relevant compound or intermediate is sufficiently robust to be isolated and have utility either as a synthetic intermediate or as an agent having potential therapeutic utility. If a group is not described as “substituted”, or “optionally substituted”, it is to be regarded as unsubstituted (i.e. that none of the hydrogens on the designated group have been replaced).
• a suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a compound of Formula (I) is, for example, an acid addition salt.
• An acid addition salt of a compound of Formula (I) may be formed by bringing the compound into contact with a suitable inorganic or organic acid under conditions known to the skilled person.
• An acid addition salt may for example be formed using an inorganic acid selected from the group consisting of hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulphuric acid and phosphoric acid.
• An acid addition salt may also be formed using an organic acid selected from the group consisting of trifluoroacetic acid, citric acid, maleic acid, oxalic acid, acetic acid, formic acid, benzoic acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, pyruvic acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid and para-toluenesulfonic acid.
• a further embodiment provides any of the embodiments defined herein (for example the embodiment of claim 1) with the proviso that one or more specific Examples (for instance, one, two or three specific Examples) selected from the group consisting of Examples 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13 is individually disclaimed.
• one or more specific Examples for instance, one, two or three specific Examples selected from the group consisting of Examples 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13 is individually disclaimed.
• R 1 is selected from ethyl, isopropyl and cyclopropyl. In one embodiment R 1 is ethyl. In one embodiment R 1 is isopropyl. In one embodiment R 1 is cyclopropyl.
• R 2 is selected from C1-3 alkyl optionally substituted with a group selected from hydroxyl, methoxyl, -NR 5 R 6 where R 5 and R 6 are each independently hydrogen or methyl, or R 5 and R 6 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a 5 membered heterocyclyl ring; and an oxetanyl, a tetrahydrofuranyl and an oxanyl ring.
• R 2 is selected from methyl, isopropyl, hydroxyethyl, 2- (dimethylamino)ethyl, 2-(pyrrolidin-l-yl)ethyl), 2-methoxyethyl, oxetan-3-yl, tetrahydrofuran-3-yl and oxan-4-yl.
• R 2 is methyl. In one embodiment R 2 is isopropyl. In one embodiment R 2 is hydroxyethyl.
• R 2 is 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl. In one embodiment R 2 is 2- (pyrrolidin-l-yl)ethyl). In one embodiment R 2 is 2-methoxyethyl. In one embodiment R 2 is oxetan-3-yl. In one embodiment R 2 is tetrahydrofuran-3-yl. In one embodiment R 2 is oxan-4- yi. In one embodiment R 3 is hydrogen. In one embodiment R 3 is fluoro.
• R 4 is hydrogen. In one embodiment R 4 is methoxy.
• R 1 is isopropyl
• R 2 is methyl
• R 3 and R 4 are both independently hydrogen.
• solvated forms may be a hydrated form, such as a hemi- hydrate, a mono-hydrate, a di-hydrate, a tri-hydrate or an alternative quantity thereof.
• the invention encompasses all such solvated and unsolvated forms of compounds of Formula (I), particularly to the extent that such forms possess KIT inhibitory activity, as for example measured using the tests described herein.
• Atoms of the compounds and salts described in this specification may exist as their isotopes.
• the invention encompasses all compounds of Formula (I) where an atom is replaced by one or more of its isotopes (for example a compound of Formula (I) where one or more carbon atom is an n C or 13 C carbon isotope, or where one or more hydrogen atoms is a 3 ⁇ 4 or 3 H isotope, or where one or more nitrogen atoms is a 15 N isotope or where one of more oxygen atoms is an 17 0 or 18 0 isotope).
• a compound of Formula (I) where one or more carbon atom is an n C or 13 C carbon isotope, or where one or more hydrogen atoms is a 3 ⁇ 4 or 3 H isotope, or where one or more nitrogen atoms is a 15 N isotope or where one of more oxygen atoms is an 17 0 or 18 0 isotope.
• optically active or racemic forms may exist in optically active or racemic forms by virtue of one or more asymmetric carbon atoms.
• the invention includes any optically active or racemic form of a compound of Formula (I) which possesses KIT inhibitory activity, as for example measured using the tests described herein.
• the synthesis of optically active forms may be carried out by standard techniques of organic chemistry well known in the art, for example by synthesis using optically active materials or by resolution of a racemic form.
• a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof which is a single optical isomer being in an enantiomeric excess (% e.e.) of > 95%, > 98% or > 99%.
• the single optical isomer is present in an enantiomeric excess (% e.e.) of > 99%.
• Some of the compounds of Formula (I) may be crystalline and may have more than one crystalline form. It is to be understood that the invention encompasses any crystalline or amorphous form, or mixtures thereof, which form possess properties useful in KIT inhibitory activity. It is well known how to determine the efficacy of a crystalline or amorphous form by the standard tests described hereinafter.
• crystalline materials may be analysed using conventional techniques such as, for example, X-ray powder diffraction (hereinafter XRPD) analysis and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (hereinafter DSC).
• XRPD X-ray powder diffraction
• DSC Differential Scanning Calorimetry
• Example 1 exhibits crystallinity and two crystalline forms, Form A and Form B, have been identified.
• a further aspect of the invention is Form A of Compound A (Example 1).
• a which has an XRPD pattern with at least one specific peak at about 2-theta 8.9°, measured using CuKa radiation.
• a crystalline form, Form A, of Compound A which has an XRPD pattern substantially the same as the XRPD shown in Figure A, measured using CuKa radiation.
• a crystalline form, Form A, of Compound A which has an XRPD pattern with at least one specific peak at 2-theta 4.7° plus or minus 0.2° 2-theta, measured using CuKa radiation.
• a crystalline form, Form A, of Compound A which has an XRPD pattern with at least one specific peak at 2-theta 8.9° plus or minus 0.2° 2-theta, measured using CuKa radiation.
• the DSC analysis of Form A of Compound A is shown in Figure B.
• a further aspect of the invention is Form B of Compound A.
• a which has an XRPD pattern with at least one specific peak at about 2-theta 16.6°, measured using CuKa radiation.
• a crystalline form, Form B, of Compound A which has an XRPD pattern substantially the same as the XRPD shown in Figure C, measured using CuKa radiation.
• a crystalline form, Form B, of Compound A which has an XRPD pattern with at least one specific peak at 2-theta 4.3° plus or minus 0.2° 2-theta, measured using CuKa radiation.
• a crystalline form, Form B, of Compound A which has an XRPD pattern with at least one specific peak at 2-theta 16.6° plus or minus 0.2° 2-theta, measured using CuKa radiation.
• DSC analysis of Compound A, Form B shows a melting endotherm with an onset of
• DSC analysis shows Compound A, Form B is a high melting solid with an onset of melting at about 218.3°C and a peak at about 220.3°C.
• the degree of crystallinity is conveniently greater than about 60%, more conveniently greater than about 80%, preferably greater than about 90% and more preferably greater than about 95%. Most preferably the degree of crystallinity is greater than about 98%.
• an X-ray powder diffraction pattern may be obtained which has one or more measurement errors depending on measurement conditions (such as equipment or machine used).
• intensities in an X- ray powder diffraction pattern may fluctuate depending on measurement conditions. Therefore it should be understood that Compound A, Form A and Form B, of the invention are not limited to the crystals that provide X-ray powder diffraction patterns identical to the X-ray powder diffraction pattern shown in Figures A and C, and any crystals providing X-ray powder diffraction patterns substantially the same as those shown in Figures A and C fall within the scope of the invention.
• a person skilled in the art of X-ray powder diffraction is able to judge the substantial identity of X-ray powder diffraction patterns.
• Persons skilled in the art of X-ray powder diffraction will understand that the relative intensity of peaks can be affected by, for example, grains above 30 microns in size and non- unitary aspect ratios, which may affect analysis of samples.
• the skilled person will also understand that the position of reflections can be affected by the precise height at which the sample sits in the diffractometer and the zero calibration of the diffractometer. The surface planarity of the sample may also have a small effect. Hence the diffraction pattern data presented are not to be taken as absolute values. (Jenkins, R & Snyder, R.L.
• a measurement error of a diffraction angle in an X-ray powder diffractogram is approximately plus or minus 0.2° 2-theta, and such degree of a measurement error should be taken into account when considering the X-ray powder diffraction pattern in Figures A and C and when reading Tables A and B (see Example 1). Furthermore, it should be understood that intensities might fluctuate depending on experimental conditions and sample preparation (preferred orientation).
• the compounds of Formula (I) include one or more chiral centres.
• a structure or chemical name in this specification does not indicate chirality, the structure or name is intended to encompass any single stereoisomer (i.e. any single chiral isomer) corresponding to that structure or name, as well as any mixture of stereoisomers (e.g. a racemate).
• any single stereoisomer i.e. any single chiral isomer
• a racemate any mixture of stereoisomers
• a single stereoisomer can be obtained by isolating it from a mixtures of isomers (e.g. a racemate) using, for example, chiral chromatographic separation.
• a single stereoisomer is obtained through direct synthesis from, for example, a chiral starting material.
• Compounds of Formula (I) may for example be prepared by the reaction of a compound of Formula (II) or a salt thereof:
• reaction is conveniently performed in the presence of a coupling agent (for example (l-[bis(dimethylamino)methylene]-lH-l ,2,3-triazolo[4,5-b]pyridinium 3-oxid hexafluorophosphate (HATU)) in a suitable solvent (for example N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF)) and in the presence of a base (for example diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA)) at a suitable temperature (for example in the range 20-50°C would be typical temperatures).
• a coupling agent for example (l-[bis(dimethylamino)methylene]-lH-l ,2,3-triazolo[4,5-b]pyridinium 3-oxid hexafluorophosphate (HATU)
• a suitable solvent for example N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF)
• DIPEA diisopropylethylamine
• the compound of Formula (II) may, for example, be prepared by reaction of a compound of Formula (IV):
• R 2 is as defined in any of the embodiments herein, with 4-aminophenol.
• the reaction is conveniently performed in a suitable solvent (for example dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO)) in the presence of a base (for example sodium hydride) at a suitable temperature, such as room temperature.
• a suitable solvent for example dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO)
• a base for example sodium hydride
• the compound of Formula (III) may, for example, be prepared by reaction of a compound of Formula (V):
• R 1 is as defined in any of the embodiments herein.
• the reaction is conveniently performed in a mixture of water and a suitable solvent (for example tetrahydrofuran (THF)) in the presence of a weak base (for example lithium hydroxide) at a suitable temperature, such as room temperature.
• a suitable solvent for example tetrahydrofuran (THF)
• a weak base for example lithium hydroxide
• the compound of Formula (V) may, for example, be prepared by reaction of a compound of Formula (VI):
• Formula (VI) in a suitable solvent for example acetonitrile
• a metal halide for example copper (I) iodide
• a base for example triethylamine
• R 1 is as defined in any of the embodiments herein.
• This reaction can be carried out in batch at a suitable temperature (for example 20°C) for a suitable time (for example 16h). It can also be carried out under flow conditions at a suitable temperature (for example 120°C) for a suitable time (for example 5 minutes). A higher temperature is necessary in flow to achieve a useful reaction rate for processing large amounts of material.
• the intermediates are high energy compounds, but as only a small amount is being reacted at any time, the risk is minimal.
• the azide is then cooled to 15-40°C for the subsequent step.
• the compound of Formula (VI) may, for example, be prepared by reaction of ethyl 2- bromoacetate with an inorganic azide (for example sodium azide) in the presence of iso- propylalcohol.
• an inorganic azide for example sodium azide
• certain of the various ring substituents in the compounds of the present invention may be introduced by standard aromatic substitution reactions or generated by conventional functional group modifications either prior to or immediately following the processes mentioned above, and as such are included in the process aspect of the invention.
• compounds of Formula (I) may be converted into further compounds of Formula (I) by standard aromatic substitution reactions or by conventional functional group modifications.
• Such reactions and modifications include, for example, introduction of a substituent by means of an aromatic substitution reaction, reduction of substituents, alkylation of substituents and oxidation of substituents.
• the reagents and reaction conditions for such procedures are well known in the chemical art.
• the following assay was used to measure the activity of the compounds of the invention.
• Tel-KDR myc was cloned into pBCS2004, a retroviral vector, wherein KDR (K790- V1356) is fused to the C-terminus of Tel. Retroviral particles were generated in HEK293T cells.
• the Tel-KDR plasmid was co-transfected with helper viruses (gag-Pol and VSV-G) into HEK293T cells using calcium phosphate and the virus was harvested 72h after transfection.
• Exponentially grown Ba/F3 cells (1.5X106 cells in 2 ml medium) were infected with 2 ml of viral suspension in a 6-well plate in the presence of mIL-3 (10 ng/ml) and polybrene (4 ⁇ g ml) (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) and incubated for 24h. After 24h, the cells were centrifuged and the viral supernatant was discarded. The cells were then re-suspended in fresh medium and allowed to recover for another day. The following day, the cells were seeded in complete medium without murine IL-3. After a week or two, when cells started proliferating, a selection was carried out by gradually increasing the puromycin concentration to 0.5 ug/ml. Once the cells were growing exponentially in puromycin, batches of cells were frozen down for banking.
• MTS assay is a colorimetric sensitive quantification of viable cells in proliferation and cytotoxicity assay.
• MTS assay 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) in the presence of phenazine methosulfate (PMS) was used.
• MTS phenazine methosulfate
• the mitochondrial reductase forms a formazan which absorbs at 490 nm.
• Cells in exponential growth phase were added to 384-well plates containing pre-dispensed compounds (top concentration 10 uM, 10-point curve). The cells were incubated for 72h at 37°C and 5% CO2. After 72h, MTS reagent was added to the plates and incubated an additional 2h at 37 °C before measuring the absorbance at 490 nm on a Tecan microplate reader using Magellan Software (Tecan Trading AG, Switzerland).
• the absorbances were normalized as follows: (Read-DayO control)/(Day3 control - DayO control)* 100.
• the GI50 values were generated using Genedata Screener software (Genedata; Lexington, MA). A non-linear regression with constraints for top and bottom between 100 and -100 and no constraint on the Hill coefficient was used to generate GI50 values.
• the GI50 values reported below are the calculated mean result of at least 3 biological replicates across all the cell lines tested. The following data was generated for the Examples:
• the data shows that the compounds of the invention inhibit KIT carrying both primary and secondary KIT mutations simultaneously, and furthermore, are selective against KDR.
• Compounds may be further selected on the basis of further biological or physical properties which may be measured by techniques known in the art and which may be used in the assessment or selection of compounds for therapeutic or prophylactic application.
• the compound of Formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are expected to be useful in therapy.
• the compounds of Formula (I) possess potent anti-tumour activity which it is believed is obtained by way of inhibition of both wild type KIT and KIT mutants.
• the compounds of Formula (I) may also act partly as an immune- oncology drug.
• the term “therapy” is intended to have its normal meaning of dealing with a disease in order to entirely or partially relieve one, some or all of its symptoms, or to correct or compensate for the underlying pathology.
• the term “therapy” also includes “prophylaxis” unless there are specific indications to the contrary.
• the terms “therapeutic” and “therapeutically” should be interpreted in a corresponding manner.
• prophylaxis is intended to have its normal meaning and includes primary prophylaxis to prevent the development of the disease and secondary prophylaxis whereby the disease has already developed and the patient is temporarily or permanently protected against exacerbation or worsening of the disease or the development of new symptoms associated with the disease.
• treatment is used synonymously with “therapy”.
• treat can be regarded as “applying therapy” where “therapy” is as defined herein.
• a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in therapy.
• a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for the manufacture of a medicament.
• the disease mediated by KIT is cancer.
• the cancer is selected from the group consisting of gastrointestinal stromal tumor ( GIST), melanoma, lung cancers, glioblastoma, leukemias, testicular carcinomas and head and neck cancers.
• Lung cancers include small cell lung cancer (SCLC), adenocarcinomas and squamous carcinomas of the lung.
• Leukemias include acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and mast cell leukemias.
• the cancer is a gastrointestinal stromal tumor.
• GIST is a type of tumor that occurs in the gastrointestinal tract, most commonly in the stomach or small intestine
• a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in the treatment of cancer.
• the disease mediated by KIT is cancer.
• the cancer is selected from the group consisting of a gastrointestinal stromal tumor ( GIST), melanoma, lung cancers, glioblastoma, leukemias, testicular carcinomas and head and neck cancers.
• Lung cancers include small cell lung cancer (SCLC), adenocarcinomas and squamous carcinomas of the lung.
• Leukemias include acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and mast cell leukemias.
• the cancer is a gastrointestinal stromal tumor.
• a method for treating a disease in which inhibition of KIT is beneficial in a warm-blooded animal in need of such treatment which comprises administering to said warm-blooded animal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the disease is cancer.
• the cancer is selected from the group consisting of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), melanoma, lung cancers, glioblastoma, leukemias, testicular carcinomas and head and neck cancers.
• Lung cancers include small cell lung cancer (SCLC), adenocarcinomas and squamous carcinomas of the lung.
• Leukemias include acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and mast cell leukemias.
• the cancer is a gastrointestinal stromal tumor.
• therapeutically effective amount refers to an amount of a compound of Formula (I) as described in any of the embodiments herein which is effective to provide "therapy” in a subject, or to “treat” a disease or disorder in a subject.
• the therapeutically effective amount may cause any of the changes observable or measurable in a subject as described in the definition of "therapy", “treatment” and “prophylaxis” above.
• the effective amount can reduce the number of cancer or tumour cells; reduce the overall tumour size; inhibit or stop tumour cell infiltration into peripheral organs including, for example, the soft tissue and bone; inhibit and stop tumour metastasis; inhibit and stop tumour growth; relieve to some extent one or more of the symptoms associated with the cancer; reduce morbidity and mortality; improve quality of life; or a combination of such effects.
• An effective amount may be an amount sufficient to decrease the symptoms of a disease responsive to inhibition of KIT activity.
• efficacy in- vivo can, for example, be measured by assessing the duration of survival, time to disease progression (TTP), the response rates (RR), duration of response, and/or quality of life.
• effective amounts may vary depending on route of administration, excipient usage, and co- usage with other agents.
• the amount of the compound of Formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salt described in this specification and the amount of the other pharmaceutically active agent(s) are, when combined, jointly effective to treat a targeted disorder in the animal patient.
• the combined amounts are in a "therapeutically effective amount” if they are, when combined, sufficient to decrease the symptoms of a disease responsive to inhibition of KIT activity as described above.
• such amounts may be determined by one skilled in the art by, for example, starting with the dosage range described in this specification for the compound of Formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and an approved or otherwise published dosage range(s) of the other pharmaceutically active compound(s).
• Warm-blooded animals include, for example, humans.
• a method for treating cancer in a warm-blooded animal in need of such treatment which comprises administering to said warm-blooded animal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the cancer is selected from the group consisting of gastrointestinal stromal tumor ( GIST), melanoma, lung cancers, glioblastoma, leukemias, testicular carcinomas and head and neck cancers.
• Lung cancers include small cell lung cancer (SCLC), adenocarcinomas and squamous carcinomas of the lung.
• Leukemias include acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and mast cell leukemias.
• the cancer is a gastrointestinal stromal tumor.
• the anti-cancer treatment described in this specification may be useful as a sole therapy, or may involve, in addition to administration of the compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, conventional surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy; or a combination of such additional therapies.
• Such conventional surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy may be administered simultaneously, sequentially or separately to treatment with the compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• a combination therapy is administered "simultaneously" this includes treatment of a patient with a single dosage form (e.g. a tablet) comprising both a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and an additional anti-cancer substance; and also simultaneous dosing of separate dosage forms each separately comprising one of the respective combination partners.
• a combination therapy is administered "sequentially” or “separately” this includes treatment of a patient with a first dosage form (e.g. a tablet) comprising a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, followed by treatment of the same patient with a second dosage form comprising an additional anti-cancer substance; or treatment of a patient with a single dosage form (e.g.
• a tablet comprising a particular anti-cancer substance, followed by treatment of the same patient with a second dosage form comprising a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the interval between the sequential or separate doses may be judged by a skilled practitioner with reference to the information in this specification.
• a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in the treatment of cancer, where the compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered before surgery.
• Administration of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, before surgery to entirely or partially remove a cancer may be referred to as "neo- adjuvant therapy".
• the goal of administering the compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is generally to reduce the size of the target tumour in order to increase the chances of a successful resection.
• the length of time the compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is dosed before surgery may be judged by a skilled practitioner with reference to the information within this specification.
• a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in the treatment of cancer, where the compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered after surgery.
• a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in the treatment of cancer, where the compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in combination with at least one additional anti-cancer substance.
• a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in the treatment of cancer, where the compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered simultaneously, sequentially or separately with at least one additional anti-cancer substance.
• anti-cancer substances may include one or more of the following categories of anti -tumour agents:- (i) inhibitors of growth factor function and their downstream signalling pathways: included are Ab modulators of any growth factor or growth factor receptor targets, reviewed by Stern et al.
• kinase inhibitors examples include the anti-erbB2 antibody trastuzumab [HerceptinTM ] , the anti-EGFR antibody panitumumab, the anti-EGFR antibody cetuximab [Erbitux, C225] and tyrosine kinase inhibitors including inhibitors of the erbB receptor family, such as epidermal growth factor family receptor (EGFR/erbB l) tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as gefitinib or erlotinib, erbB2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as lapatinib, and mixed erbl/2 inhibitors such as afatanib; similar strategies are available for other classes of growth factors and their receptors, for example inhibitors of the hepatocyte growth factor family or their receptors including c-met and
• modulators of apoptotic and cell death pathways such as Bel family modulators (e.g. ABT-263 / Navitoclax, ABT-199);
• immunotherapy approaches including for example ex-vivo and in-vivo approaches to increase the immunogenicity of patient tumour cells, such as transfection with cytokines such as interleukin 2, interleukin 4 or granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, approaches to decrease T-cell anergy, approaches using transfected immune cells such as cytokine-transfected dendritic cells, approaches using cytokine-transfected tumour cell lines and approaches using anti-idiotypic antibodies.
• cytokines such as interleukin 2, interleukin 4 or granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor
• approaches to decrease T-cell anergy approaches using transfected immune cells such as cytokine-transfected dendritic cells
• approaches using cytokine-transfected tumour cell lines and approaches using anti-idiotypic antibodies include monoclonal antibodies targeting PD-1 (e.g. BMS-936558) or CTLA4 (e.g. ipilimumab and tremel
• a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one additional anti-tumour substance, for use in the treatment of cancer In one embodiment there is provided a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in the treatment of cancer, where the compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in combination with an additional anti-tumour substance. In one embodiment there is one additional anti-tumour substance. In one embodiment there are two additional anti-tumour substances. In one embodiment there are three or more additional anti-tumour substances.
• a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and at least one additional anti-tumour substance for use in the simultaneous, separate or sequential treatment of cancer.
• a method of treating cancer in a warm-blooded animal who is in need of such treatment which comprises administering to said warm-blooded animal a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and at least one additional anti-tumour substance, wherein the amounts of the compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and the additional anti-tumour substance are jointly effective in producing an anti-cancer effect.
• a method of treating cancer in a warm-blooded animal who is in need of such treatment which comprises administering to said warm-blooded animal a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and simultaneously, separately or sequentially administering at least one additional anti-tumour substance to said warm-blooded animal, wherein the amounts of the compound of Formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and the additional anti-tumour substance are jointly effective in producing an anti-cancer effect.
• the additional anti-tumour substance is selected from the group consisting of one or more of the anti-tumour substances listed under points (i) - (iii) above.
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Formula (I) and at least one additional anti-tumour substance, for use in the treatment of cancer.
• the pharmaceutical composition also comprises at least one pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier.
• the anti-tumour substance is an anti-neoplastic agent.
• kits comprising: a) A compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in a first unit dosage form; b) A further additional anti-tumour substance in a further unit dosage form; c) Container means for containing said first and further unit dosage forms; and optionally d) Instructions for use.
• the compounds of Formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, may be administered as pharmaceutical compositions, comprising one or more pharmaceutically acceptable diluents or carriers.
• compositions comprising a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier.
• the compositions may be in a form suitable for oral use (for example as tablets, lozenges, hard or soft capsules, aqueous or oily suspensions, emulsions, dispersible powders or granules, syrups or elixirs), for topical use (for example as creams, ointments, gels, or aqueous or oily solutions or suspensions), for administration by inhalation (for example as a finely divided powder or a liquid aerosol), for administration by insufflation (for example as a finely divided powder) or for parenteral administration (for example as a sterile aqueous or oily solution for intravenous, subcutaneous or intramuscular dosing), or as a suppository for rectal dosing.
• the compositions may be obtained by conventional procedures using conventional pharmaceutical excipient
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier, for use in therapy.
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier, for use in the treatment of cancer.
• said cancer is selected from the group consisting of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), melanoma, lung cancers, glioblastoma, leukemias, testicular carcinomas and head and neck cancers.
• Lung cancers include small cell lung cancer (SCLC), adenocarcinomas and squamous carcinomas of the lung.
• Leukemias include acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and mast cell leukemias.
• the compound of Formula (I) will normally be administered to a warm-blooded animal at a unit dose within the range 2.5-5000 mg/m 2 body area of the animal, or approximately 0.05- 100 mg/kg, and this normally provides a therapeutically-effective dose.
• a unit dose form such as a tablet or capsule will usually contain, for example 0.1-500 mg of active ingredient.
• the daily dose will necessarily be varied depending upon the host treated, the particular route of administration, any therapies being co-administered, and the severity of the illness being treated. Accordingly the practitioner who is treating any particular patient may determine the optimum dosage.
• a sample concentration of about 1-100 mg/ml was used in a suitable solvent mixture with an injection volume of between 0.5-10 ml and run time of between 10-150 minutes and a typical oven temperature of 25-35°C; analytical chiral HPLC methods were carried out using Shimadzu UFLC and a Daicel CHIRALPAK IC-3 (50 x 4.6mm 3um) or Daicel CHIRALPAK IF-3 (50 x 4.6mm 3um); in general a flow rate of 1 ml/minute and detection was by UV absorbance at a typical wavelength of 254 nm.
• a sample concentration of about 1 mg/ml was used in a suitable solvent such as ethanol with an injection volume of about 10 ⁇ and run time of between 10-60 minutes and a typical oven temperature of 25-35°C; (vi) yields, where present, are not necessarily the maximum attainable;
• HATU 1 - [bis(dimethylamino)methylene] - 1 H- 1 ,2, 3 -triazolo [4,5- bjpyridinium 3-oxid hexafluorophosphate) HC1 hydrochloric acid
• the X-ray powder diffractogram was determined by mounting a sample of the crystalline material on a Bruker single silicon crystal (SSC) wafer mount and spreading out the sample into a thin layer with the aid of a microscope slide.
• the sample was spun at 30 revolutions per minute (to improve counting statistics) and irradiated with X-rays generated by a copper long-fine focus tube operated at 40kV and 40mA with a wavelength of 1.5418 angstroms.
• the collimated X-ray source was passed through an automatic variable divergence slit set at V20 and the reflected radiation directed through a 5.89mm anti scatter slit and a 9.55mm detector slit.
• Instruments Q5000 TGA Typically less than 5 mg was placed into an aluminum sample pan and transferred to the TGA furnace. The instrument was purged with nitrogen at 50 mL/min and data collected between 25°C and just below the melting point of the compound, using a constant heating rate of 10 °C/minute. Thermal data was analyzed using standard software, e.g., Universal V.4.5A from TA INSTRUMENTS®.
• HATU (8.4 g, 22.1 mmol) was added as a solution in DMF (30 mL) to a suspension of 4-((6,7- dimethoxyquinazolin-4-yl)oxy)aniline (5.1 g, 17 mmol), 45% strength 2-(4-isopropyl-lH- l,2,3-triazol-l-yl)acetic acid (7.7 g, 20.4 mmol) and DIPEA (8.9 ml, 51 mmol) in DMF (120 mL) at ambient temperature. The mixture was sonicated to aid solubility then stirred at ambient temperature for 16 hours.
• the mixture was poured into water (1500 mL), adjusted to pH8 with NaHCC>3 solution and extracted with ethyl acetate (4 x 400 mL).
• the combined organic extracts were washed with water (2 x 400 mL) and saturated brine (250 mL), dried, filtered and evaporated to dryness.
• the crude product was purified by flash silica chromatography, elution gradient 2 to 4% (10: 1 methanol/conc. NH3 (aq.)) in DCM. Appropriate fractions were diluted with ethyl acetate (250 mL) and concentrated under vacuum until solid began to crystallise from solution (around 250 mL volume).
• Example 1 The intermediates used in Example 1 were prepared as follows: Preparation of 4-((6,7-Dimethoxyquinazolin-4-yl)oxy)aniline
• Ethyl 2-(4-isopropyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-l-yl)acetate 30% Ethyl 2-azidoacetate in DCM (19.5 g, 45.4 mmol) was added as a solution in acetonitrile (27 mL) over 5 minutes to a suspension of copper(I) iodide (0.17 g, 0.91 mmol), 3-methylbut- 1-yne (5.1 mL, 49.9 mmol) and triethylamine (0.13 mL, 0.9 mmol) in acetonitrile (27 ml) at ambient temperature. The mixture was stirred for 3 days at ambient temperature.
• Lithium hydroxide hydrate (10.2 g, 242.5 mmol) in water (540 mL) was added to a solution of ethyl 2-(4-isopropyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-l-yl)acetate (15.9 g, 80.8 mmol) in THF (180 mL). The mixture was stirred for 90 minutes, then concentrated to a volume such that the organic solvents had been removed. The resulting aqueous solution was acidified to pH5 with 2M HCl and extracted with ethyl acetate (200 mL).
• Form A is characterised by at least one peak at a 2 ⁇ value of 4.7° or 8.9°, measured using CuKa radiation. The ten most prominent peaks of the XRPD are shown in Table A.
• Form B material was produced by slurrying N-(4-((6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-4- yl)oxy)phenyl)-2-(4-isopropyl-lH-l ,2,3-triazol-l-yl)acetamide, Form A in water at room temperature. Approximately 10 mg of material was placed in a 1.5 ml glass vial with a magnetic stirrer bar, and approximately 0.5 ml of water added. The vial was then sealed tightly with a cap and left to stir on a magnetic stirrer plate. After approximately 3 days, the sample was removed from the plate, the cap taken off and the slurry left to dry under ambient conditions before it was analysed by XRPD, DSC and TGA.
• Form B was determined to be crystalline by XRPD. This material had a melting point of 203.8°C (onset). The material showed a decrease in weight of 0.4% after heating from 25°C to 200°C, suggesting that Form B is anhydrous.
• HATU (249 mg, 0.7 mmol) was added to a solution of 4-((6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-4- yl)oxy)aniline (150 mg, 0.5 mmol), 2-(4-cyclopropyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-l-yl)acetic acid (93 mg, 0.6 mmol) and DIPEA (0.26 mL, 1.5 mmol) in DMF (7 mL) at ambient temperature. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 5 hours. The mixture was poured into water (50 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 50 mL).
• HATU (0.2 g, 0.5 mmol) was added to a solution of 4-((6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-4-yl)oxy)-2- methoxyaniline (0.1 g, 0.3 mmol), 2-(4-isopropyl-lH-l ,2,3-triazol-l-yl)acetic acid (0.19 g, 0.5 mmol) and DIPEA (0.16 mL, 0.9 mmol) in DMF (4 mL) at ambient temperature. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 1 hour. Water (5 mL) was added and the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 3 days.
• the mixture was basified with 2M K2CO3 (50 mL) and extracted with DCM (70 mL). The organic layer was washed with water (2 x 40 mL), brine (40 mL), dried and evaporated to dryness.
• the crude product was purified by flash silica chromatography, elution gradient 1 to 6% (1M ⁇ 3 in methanol) in DCM. Pure fractions were evaporated to dryness to afford the title compound as a yellow semi-crystalline solid (0.08 g, 55%).
• HATU (289 mg, 0.8 mmol) was added to 2-(4-isopropyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-l-yl)acetic acid (86 mg, 0.5 mmol), 4-((6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-4-yl)oxy)-3-fluoroaniline (160 mg, 0.5 mmol) and DIPEA (0.18 mL, 1 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) under nitrogen. The resulting mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 2 h. The crude product was purified by preparative HPLC. Fractions containing the desired compound were evaporated to dryness to afford the title compound as a white solid (85 mg, 36%).
• DIPEA (0.26 mL, 1.5 mmol) was added to a solution of 2-(4-isopropyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-l- yl)acetic acid (0.14 g, 0.4 mmol), 4-((6-methoxy-7-(2-methoxyethoxy)quinazolin-4- yl)oxy)aniline (0.1 g, 0.3 mmol) and HATU (0.19 g, 0.5 mmol) in DMF (2 mL). The solution was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. The reaction was diluted with ethyl acetate (50 mL) then washed with saturated NaHCCb (25 mL) and brine (25 mL).
• HATU (421 mg, 1.1 mmol) was added to a solution of 2-(4-isopropyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-l- yl)acetic acid (342 mg, 0.9 mmol), 4-((6-methoxy-7-(2-(pyrrolidin-l-yl)ethoxy)quinazolin-4- yl)oxy)aniline (248 mg, 0.7 mmol) and DIPEA (0.57 mL, 3.3 mmol) in DMF (10 mL). The solution was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate (80 mL) and water (80 mL).
• the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 80 mL) and the extracts combined with the organic layer. The combined extracts were washed with water (3 x 80 mL) and saturated brine (80 mL), dried, filtered and concentrated under vacuum.
• the crude product was purified by flash silica chromatography, elution gradient 3 to 6% (10: 1 methanol/conc. ⁇ 3 (aq)) in DCM. Pure fractions were evaporated to dryness and the residue crystallised from acetonitrile to afford the title compound as a white crystalline solid (119 mg, 34%).
• Example 7 The intermediates used in Example 7 were prepared as follows: Preparation of 2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl methanesulfonate
• DIPEA (0.58 mL, 3.4 mmol) was added to a solution of 2-(4-isopropyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-l- yl)acetic acid (0.38 g, 1 mmol), 4-((7-(benzyloxy)-6-methoxyquinazolin-4-yl)oxy)aniline (0.25 g, 0.7 mmol) and HATU (0.43 g, 1.1 mmol) in DMF (5 mL). This solution was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction was diluted with ethyl acetate (150 mL) then washed with saturated NaHCCb (50 mL) and brine (50 mL).
• the resulting red slurry was stirred at 90 °C for 1 hour.
• the reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature and poured into stirred water (50 mL).
• the precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with water (2 x 20 mL) and air dried to afford the title compound (0.95 g, 91%) as a beige solid, which was used without further purification.

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