WO2018188527A1 - 复合地层盾构用常压下滚刀齿刀互换工艺方法 - Google Patents

复合地层盾构用常压下滚刀齿刀互换工艺方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018188527A1
WO2018188527A1 PCT/CN2018/082130 CN2018082130W WO2018188527A1 WO 2018188527 A1 WO2018188527 A1 WO 2018188527A1 CN 2018082130 W CN2018082130 W CN 2018082130W WO 2018188527 A1 WO2018188527 A1 WO 2018188527A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cylinder
gate
knife
flushing
ball valve
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/082130
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈健
陈鹏
张哲�
王承震
李海振
赵斌
王德福
胡浩
姚印彬
Original Assignee
中铁十四局集团有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 中铁十四局集团有限公司 filed Critical 中铁十四局集团有限公司
Priority to DE112018001937.3T priority Critical patent/DE112018001937T5/de
Publication of WO2018188527A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018188527A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
    • E21D9/08—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield
    • E21D9/0875—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield with a movable support arm carrying cutting tools for attacking the front face, e.g. a bucket
    • E21D9/0879—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield with a movable support arm carrying cutting tools for attacking the front face, e.g. a bucket the shield being provided with devices for lining the tunnel, e.g. shuttering
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
    • E21D9/11—Making by using boring or cutting machines with a rotary drilling-head cutting simultaneously the whole cross-section, i.e. full-face machines
    • E21D9/112—Making by using boring or cutting machines with a rotary drilling-head cutting simultaneously the whole cross-section, i.e. full-face machines by means of one single rotary head or of concentric rotary heads

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for replacing a common ground shield with a hob cutter under normal pressure.
  • the shield section of the cross-river tunnel project of Wuhan Rail Transit Line 8 has a soft soil layer with full-section fine sand, and the upper part is a strong permeable fine sand and the lower is a cemented rock composite stratum.
  • the shield The soft soil excavation mainly relies on the tooth cutter and the scraper to cut the soil.
  • the soil is mainly cut by the hob. Whether it is a tooth cutter or a hob, the cutter is easy to wear during the construction of the mud balance shield. Parts, often need to be replaced.
  • the time of tool change is an important factor in determining the speed of the entire shield machine.
  • the replacement of the tool requires the use of the sluice gate to enter the excavation bin far above atmospheric pressure for the pressure change tool operation. This process usually has the following disadvantages:
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a technical solution for the method for exchanging the undercut of the common ground shield by the hob cutter according to the deficiencies of the prior art.
  • the invention realizes the interchange of the hob cutter under the normal pressure of the shield machine, reduces the cost, and ensures the smooth progress of the tunneling of the shield machine.
  • a composite ground shield with a normal pressure lower knife cutter exchange method including the following steps:
  • Step one flushing the knife barrel
  • Step two fixing the cylinder
  • Step three loosen the knife bolt
  • Step 4 retract the oil cylinder and lift the knife cylinder
  • Step 5 flushing the gate
  • Step six close the gate
  • Step 7 balance the pressure difference between the gate and the outside of the gate
  • Step eight completely recover the cylinder
  • Step nine remove the cylinder and temporarily store it
  • Step 10 the knife is completely extracted
  • Step 11 Replace the tool on the knife barrel
  • Step 12 install the knife barrel.
  • the composite ground shield of the present invention can adopt the following steps in the normal-pressure under-knive cutter interchange process:
  • Step one connect the water pipe to the flushing ball valve on the knife cylinder, open the flushing ball valve to rinse the knife cylinder, close the flushing ball valve after the flushing is completed, remove the water pipe, close the wear detecting ball valve, and then remove the wear detecting pipeline;
  • Step 2 use a tool change crane to lift the oil cylinder so that the oil cylinder and the oil cylinder fixed seat are at the same height, and the connecting cylinder is used to fix the oil cylinder on the oil cylinder fixing seat, and is locked with a pin;
  • Step 3 Ensure that the locking mechanism of the tail of the cylinder and the chain are in the horizontal direction, connect the control valve with the pipeline of the cylinder, control the piston rod of the cylinder to extend and connect with the cutter cylinder, and control the locking mechanism in the first gear to ensure the above steps. After that, give a little pressure to the cylinder and then loosen the barrel bolts;
  • Step 4 The piston rod of the control cylinder drives the cutter cylinder to retract to the gate position, fixes the cutter clamp on the cutter cylinder, hangs the pneumatic hoist hook on the cutter fixture, and brings the pneumatic hoist to the force, and the cutter cylinder is supported.
  • the frame is fixed at the bottom of the knife barrel;
  • Step 5 Connect the water pipe to the flushing line of the gate, open the flushing ball valve on the flushing line to flush the gate, and after flushing, close the flushing ball valve and remove the water pipe;
  • Step 6 connect the control valve to the pipeline of the gate, remove the yellow protective sleeve on the piston rod of the gate cylinder, close the gate, and close the gate to ensure that the lock bolt of the gate is locked;
  • Step 7 Open the ball valve to balance the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the gate. After the internal and external pressure difference is balanced, the ball valve is closed, and the locking mechanism is controlled in the second gear;
  • Step 8 Control the cylinder to fully recover twice
  • Step 9 Remove the connecting piece to separate the cylinder from the fixed seat, and use a second pneumatic hoist to lift the cylinder and temporarily store it in a suitable position;
  • Step 10 completely withdraw the knife barrel and transfer the knife barrel to the material transport passage;
  • Step 11 Replace the tool on the knife barrel
  • Step 12 Install the tool holder after replacing the tool.
  • the composite ground shield of the present invention can adopt the following steps in the normal-pressure under-knive cutter interchange process:
  • Step one controlling the pressure of the face surface, connecting the water pipe to the flushing ball valve on the knife cylinder, opening the flushing ball valve to flush the knife barrel, closing the flushing ball valve after the flushing is completed, removing the water pipe, closing the wear detecting ball valve, and then removing the wear detecting pipeline;
  • Step two using a tool change crane to hoist the cylinder to the position of the knife barrel, and fix the oil cylinder to the lifting ear of the knife barrel;
  • Step 3 connect the control valve to the pipeline of the oil cylinder, completely extend the oil cylinder, lock the cylinder and the seat with the pin, and loosen the thread hoop of the outer ring of the piston rod of the oil cylinder;
  • Step 4 The piston rod of the control cylinder drives the cutter cylinder to retract to the gate position, fixes the cutter clamp on the cutter cylinder, hangs the pneumatic hoist hook on the cutter fixture, and brings the pneumatic hoist to the force, and the cutter cylinder is supported.
  • the frame is fixed at the bottom of the knife barrel;
  • Step 5 Connect the water pipe to the flushing line of the gate, open the flushing ball valve on the flushing line to flush the gate, and after flushing, close the flushing ball valve and remove the water pipe;
  • Step 6 connect the control valve to the pipeline of the gate, remove the yellow protective sleeve on the piston rod of the gate cylinder, close the gate, and close the gate to ensure that the lock bolt of the gate is locked;
  • Step 7 Open the ball valve to balance the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the gate. After the internal and external pressure difference is balanced, close the ball valve, pull the positioning pin out of the knife lifting lug, and then extend the cylinder 100mm to the next pin hole. Insert the pin to ensure that it is locked with a spring pin;
  • Step 8 Control the cylinder to fully recover twice
  • Step 9 Remove the cylinder and temporarily store it in a suitable location
  • Step 10 the knife is completely extracted and transferred to the material transport passage
  • Step 11 Replace the tool on the knife barrel
  • Step 12 Install the tool holder after replacing the tool.
  • the composite ground shield of the present invention can adopt the following steps in the normal-pressure under-knive cutter interchange process:
  • Step one controlling the pressure of the face surface, connecting the water pipe to the flushing ball valve on the knife cylinder, opening the flushing ball valve to flush the knife barrel, closing the flushing ball valve after the flushing is completed, removing the water pipe, closing the wear detecting ball valve, and then removing the wear detecting pipeline;
  • Step 2 Fix the cylinder base to the back wall of the cutter head, use the tool change crane to lift the cylinder, fix the cylinder mount to the appropriate position of the cylinder barrel, fix the cylinder and the cylinder base with the cylinder clamp, and lock with the pin. ;
  • Step 3 Connect the control valve to the pipeline of the cylinder, control the piston rod of the cylinder to extend and connect with the cutter cylinder, and control the locking mechanism in the first gear. After ensuring the above steps, give a little pressure to the cylinder, then loose Open the knife bolt
  • Step 4 completely retract the cylinder, fix the cutter clamp to the cutter cylinder, hang the buffer chain to the cutter fixture, and hang the buffer chain on the cutter clamp on the pneumatic hoist hook and make the pneumatic The hoist is energized to fix the knife holder to the bottom of the knife barrel;
  • Step 5 Fix the mounting ear to the flange surface of the cutter tube, connect the reverse chain to the buffer chain and the mounting ear and tighten it, connect the water pipe to all the flushing lines on the gate valve body, and open all the flushing ball valves. Rinse, rinse, close the ball valve, and then remove the water pipe;
  • Step 6 connect the control valve to the pipeline of the gate, remove the yellow protective sleeve on the piston rod of the gate cylinder, close the gate, and close the gate to ensure that the lock bolt of the gate is locked;
  • Step 7 Open the ball valve to balance the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the gate. After the internal and external pressure difference is balanced, the ball valve is closed, and the locking mechanism is controlled in the second gear;
  • Step 8 Control the cylinder to fully recover twice
  • Step 9 Remove the connecting piece to separate the cylinder from the fixed seat, and use a second pneumatic hoist to lift the cylinder and temporarily store it in a suitable position;
  • Step 10 remove the cylinder base, completely extract the knife barrel, and transfer it to the material transport passage;
  • Step 11 Replace the tool on the knife barrel
  • Step 12 Install the tool holder after replacing the tool.
  • the beneficial effects of the solution can be found according to the description of the above solution.
  • the invention successfully realizes the replacement of the hob technology under normal pressure and the hob cutter interchange technology under normal pressure for the first time, which greatly shortens the tool change time and reduces the cost. To ensure the smooth progress of the shield machine.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a first step in a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the second step in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic structural view of the third step in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of steps 4 and 5 in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of step 6 in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural view of the seventh step in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural view of the eighth step in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view showing the structure of the step nin in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic structural view of the tenth step in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of Step 1 in a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic structural view of the second step in the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic structural view of the third step in the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic structural view of the fourth step in the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic structural view of the fourth step in the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 15 is a schematic view showing the structure of the sixth step in the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 16 is a schematic view showing the structure of steps 7 and 8 in the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 17 is a schematic view showing the structure of steps 9 and 10 in the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 18 is a schematic view showing the structure of the first step in the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 19 is a schematic structural view of the second step in the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 20 is a schematic structural view of the third step in the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 21 is a schematic structural view of the fourth step in the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 22 is a schematic structural view of the fifth step in the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 23 is a schematic view showing the structure of the sixth step in the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 24 is a schematic structural view of the seventh step in the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 25 is a schematic view showing the structure of the eighth step in the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 26 is a schematic view showing the structure of the step nin in the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 27 is a schematic view showing the structure of the tenth step in the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • 1 is the flushing ball valve
  • 1.1 is the ball valve
  • 2 is the wear detecting ball valve
  • 3 is the cylinder fixing seat
  • 4 is the cylinder
  • 4.1 is the piston rod
  • 5 is the knife barrel
  • 6 is the connecting piece
  • 7 is the knife holder
  • 9 is the gate
  • 10 is the flushing ball valve
  • 10.1 is the ball valve
  • 11 is the lifting lug
  • 12 is the cylinder
  • 13 is the seat
  • 14 is the knife barrel
  • 15 is the knife holder
  • 16 is the gate
  • 17 is the flush Ball valve
  • 17.1 is a ball valve
  • 18 is the cylinder base
  • 19 is the back wall of the cutter head
  • 20 is the oil cylinder
  • 21 is the cutter clamp
  • 22 is the buffer chain
  • 23 is the hanging ear
  • 24 is the reverse chain
  • 25 is the knife cylinder
  • 26 is the gate.
  • the utility model relates to a method for replacing a hob cutter with a normal pressure under a normal formation shield, comprising the following steps:
  • Step one flushing the knife barrel, and the purpose of rinsing the knife tube is to clean the sand between the inner knife tube and the outer knife tube to prevent the inner knife tube from being stuck by the mud during the movement;
  • Step 2 fixing the oil cylinder and the oil cylinder as a power component to provide a certain pulling force for the movement of the knife cylinder;
  • Step three loosen the knife bolt
  • Step 4 retrieve the oil cylinder and lift the knife cylinder. In this step, the cylinder is retracted, and the knife cylinder is retracted to the gate position;
  • Step 5 Flush the gate, and the purpose of flushing the gate is to flush the sand in the gate and the gate card slot to avoid the phenomenon that the gate cover is not tight or not covered;
  • Step 6 After closing the gate and closing the gate, the front part of the gate will be connected with the mud surface of the face.
  • the front part of the gate is a high pressure zone, and the rear part of the gate is a normal pressure zone. The operator performs the normal pressure zone.
  • Step 7 balance the pressure difference between the gate and the outside of the gate
  • Step 8 completely retract the oil cylinder.
  • the recovery cylinder of this step is to completely pull out the knife barrel;
  • Step nine remove the cylinder and temporarily store it
  • Step 10 the knife is completely extracted
  • Step 11 Replace the tool on the knife barrel
  • Step 12 install the knife barrel.
  • the tool removal and the tools used are different when changing the tool.
  • the first specific implementation method is a specific implementation method
  • Step 1 connect the water pipe to the flushing ball valve 1 on the knife barrel 5, open the flushing ball valve 1 and rinse the knife barrel 5. After flushing, close the flushing ball valve 1 and remove the water pipe, and close the wear detecting ball valve 2 (for detecting the tool) Whether it is worn), then remove the wear detection line;
  • Step 2 as shown in Fig. 2, the cylinder 4 is lifted by using a tool changer, so that the cylinder 4 and the cylinder holder 3 are at the same height, and the cylinder 4 is fixed to the cylinder holder 3 by the connecting member 6, and locked with a pin;
  • Step 3 as shown in Fig. 3, to ensure that the locking mechanism of the tail of the cylinder 4 and the chain are in the horizontal direction, the control valve is connected with the pipeline of the cylinder 4, the piston rod of the control cylinder 4 is extended and connected with the cutter cylinder 5, and the locking mechanism is Control in the first gear, ensure that a little pressure is applied to the cylinder 4 after the above steps, and then loosen the bolt of the cylinder.
  • the purpose of the control valve in this step is to control the expansion and contraction of the piston rod of the cylinder;
  • Step 4 as shown in Fig. 4, the piston rod 4.1 of the control cylinder 4 drives the knife barrel 5 to retract to the position of the gate 26 (#1-#18 knife retracts 435 mm, #25/26 knife retracts approximately 695 mm), and fixes the knife holder 7
  • the pneumatic hoist 8 hook is hung on the knife holder 7 and the pneumatic hoist 8 is loaded with the force of the knife holder (the total weight of the knife 5 and the knife is large, and the weight is up to 1) Too many tons, in order to avoid the safety of the pneumatic hoist 8 failure, so set the knife bracket) fixed at the bottom of the knife barrel 5 (minimum use of 3 M27X 100 bolts);
  • Step 5 see Figure 4, connecting the water pipe to the flushing line of the gate 26, opening the flushing ball valve on the flushing line to flush the gate 26, after flushing, closing the flushing ball valve and removing the water pipe;
  • Step 6 as shown in Fig. 5, connect the control valve to the pipeline of the gate 26, remove the yellow protective sleeve on the piston rod of the gate cylinder, close the gate 26, and close the gate 26, and ensure that the gate locking bolt is locked.
  • the function of the control valve is to control the oil pressure, thereby controlling the opening and closing state of the gate 26, opening and closing the gate cylinder driving gate 26, and the gate 26 is opened in the normal excavation state, and partially bolting off in order to avoid the excavation state. Dropped to the gate piston rod, so the yellow protective cover will be installed in the early stage;
  • Step 7 see Figure 6, the ball valve 1.1 is opened to balance the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the gate 26, after the internal and external pressure difference is balanced, the ball valve 1.1 is closed, and the locking mechanism is controlled in the second gear;
  • Step eight as shown in Figure 7, the control cylinder 4 is fully retracted twice;
  • Step 9 see Figure 8, remove the connecting piece 6, separate the cylinder 4 from the fixed seat, use the second pneumatic hoist to lift the cylinder 4 and temporarily store it in a suitable position, so do not put the cylinder 4 and other heavy objects On the detachable platform for tool change;
  • Step 10 as shown in Fig. 9, the knife 5 is completely withdrawn (note that the knife 5 will be shaken or oscillated after being extracted), and transferred to the material transport passage;
  • Step 11 replacing the tool on the knife barrel 5;
  • Step 12 Perform the installation operation on the knife barrel 5 after the tool is replaced.
  • the installation of the knife barrel 5 is basically the reverse operation of the removal of the knife barrel 5, but the following steps must be performed in place: (1) When the knife barrel 5 is loaded into the gate valve body, the knife cylinder 5 is not locked to the second gear. Before putting in the gate valve body, completely clean the inside of the gate (accessible) and completely apply the outer surface of the knife barrel 5 with oil or butter: (2) before the gate 26 is opened, through the flushing ball valve on the knife barrel 5 1 Filling a small space between the knife barrel 5 and the gate 26 with water, the applied water pressure must be consistent with the pressure of the face surface; (3) a ball valve on the flushing line on the knife barrel 5 during the watering process.
  • the locking mechanism is locked in the 1st and 2nd gears, wherein the 1st and 2nd gears are equivalent to the two stoppers.
  • the cylinder 4 can only be retracted to a specified position, and the locking mechanism is set to the 2nd gear cylinder 4 Can only be retracted to another designated location.
  • Step 1 see Figure 10, controlling the pressure of the face, connecting the water pipe to the flushing ball valve 10 on the knife barrel 14, opening the flushing ball valve 10, and flushing the knife tube 14.
  • the flushing ball valve 10 is closed and the water pipe is removed, and the wear detecting ball valve is closed. And then remove the wear detection line;
  • Step 2 as shown in FIG. 11, the oil cylinder 12 is hoisted to the position of the knife barrel 14 by using a tool changer, and the oil cylinder 12 is fixed to the lifting lug 11 of the knife barrel 14;
  • Step 3 as shown in Fig. 12, the control valve is connected with the pipeline of the cylinder 12, the cylinder 12 is completely extended, and the cylinder 12 and the carrier 13 are locked by using two pins, and the thread of the outer circumference of the cylinder rod is clamped. The hoop is loosened;
  • Step 4 as shown in FIG. 13 and FIG. 14, the piston rod of the control cylinder 12 drives the cutter cylinder 14 to retract to the position of the gate 9, fixes the cutter clamp to the cutter cylinder 14, and hangs the pneumatic hoist hook on the cutter fixture, and Put the pneumatic hoist with force (just hanging), fix the knife holder 15 at the bottom of the knife barrel 14, and use at least 3 M27 bolts;
  • step 5 the water pipe is connected to the flushing line of the gate 9, and the flushing ball valve 10 on the flushing line is opened to flush the gate 9. After the flushing is completed, the flushing ball valve 10 is closed, and the water pipe is removed;
  • Step 6 as shown in Fig. 15, connecting the control valve with the pipeline of the gate 9, removing the yellow protective sleeve on the piston rod of the gate cylinder, closing the gate 9, and closing the gate 9, ensuring that the lock bolt of the gate is locked;
  • Step 7 as shown in Fig. 16, the ball valve 10.1 is opened to balance the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the gate 9. After the internal and external pressure difference is balanced, the ball valve 10.1 is closed, the positioning pin is pulled out from the knife lifting lug 11, and then the cylinder 12 is extended. From 100mm to the next pin hole, plug the pin again to ensure that it is locked with a spring pin;
  • Step eight as shown in Figure 16, the control cylinder 12 is fully retracted twice;
  • Step nine see Figure 17, the cylinder 12 is removed and temporarily stored in a suitable position
  • Step 10 as shown in Fig. 17, the knife 14 is completely withdrawn (note that the knife 14 will be shaken or oscillated after being withdrawn) and transferred to the material transport passage;
  • Step 11 replacing the tool on the knife barrel 14;
  • Step 12 Perform the mounting operation on the cutter tube 14 after the tool is replaced.
  • the installation of the knife barrel 14 is basically the reverse operation of the removal of the knife barrel 14, but the following additional steps must be performed in place: (1) Before the knife barrel 14 is placed in the gate 9, the internal step (accessible) of the gate 9 must be completely cleaned. Clean and completely apply the outer surface of the knife 14 with oil or butter; (2) fill the narrow space between the knife 14 and the gate 9 through the flushing ball valve 10 on the knife barrel 14 before opening the gate 9.
  • the applied water pressure should be consistent with the pressure of the face; (3) during the watering process, a ball valve 10.1 on the flushing line on the knife barrel 14 needs to be opened to allow the gas to be discharged; (4) when the knife tube 14 and the gate 9 are When the space between the water is filled with water and the water overflows from the flushing ball valve 10, the flushing ball valve 10 is closed again; (5) the pressure compensation is performed before the gate 9 is opened; (6) when the knife 14 is pushed into the gate valve body, the knife is noted.
  • the positioning pin on the cylinder 14 must be aligned with the positioning hole on the gate valve body (note the position of the positioning pin).
  • Step 1 as shown in Fig. 18, controlling the pressure of the face surface, connecting the water pipe to the flushing ball valve 17 on the knife barrel 25, opening the flushing ball valve 17 and flushing the knife barrel 25.
  • the flushing ball valve 17 is closed and the water pipe is removed, and the wear detecting ball valve is closed. And then remove the wear detection line;
  • Step 2 as shown in Fig. 19, the cylinder base 18 is fixed to the back wall 19 of the cutter head, and the cylinder 20 is lifted by using a tool changer, and the cylinder holder is fixed to the appropriate position of the cylinder 20, and the cylinder 20 is used with the cylinder clamp.
  • the cylinder base 18 is fixed and locked with a pin;
  • Step 3 as shown in Fig. 20, the control valve is connected with the pipeline of the oil cylinder 20, the piston rod of the control cylinder 20 is extended and connected with the cutter cylinder 25, and the locking mechanism is controlled in the first gear to ensure a little bit after the above steps. Pressurize the cylinder 20 and then loosen the barrel bolts;
  • Step 4 as shown in Fig. 21, the cylinder 20 is fully retracted (about 695 mm is retracted), the cutter clamp 21 is fixed to the cutter cylinder 25, and the buffer chain 22 is hung on the cutter clamp 21, and the cutter clamp 21 is attached.
  • the buffer chain 22 is hung on the pneumatic hoist hook, and the pneumatic hoist is loaded with force, and the knife holder 15 is fixed at the bottom of the knife barrel 25, and at least three M27X 100 bolts are used;
  • Step 5 as shown in Fig. 22, the mounting ear 23 is fixed to the flange surface of the knife barrel 25, and the reverse chain 24 is connected to the buffer chain 22 and the mounting ear 23 and tightened, and the water pipe is connected to the gate valve body.
  • the reverse chain 24 is connected to the buffer chain 22 and the mounting ear 23 and tightened, and the water pipe is connected to the gate valve body.
  • the flushing line open all flushing ball valves for flushing, rinse, close the ball valve, and then remove the water pipe;
  • Step 6 as shown in Fig. 23, connect the control valve to the pipeline of the gate 16, remove the yellow protective sleeve on the piston rod of the gate cylinder, close the gate 16, and close the gate 16, and ensure that the lock bolt of the gate is locked;
  • Step 7 see Figure 24, the ball valve is opened to balance the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the gate 16, after the internal and external pressure difference is balanced, the ball valve is closed, and the locking mechanism is controlled in the second gear;
  • Step eight as shown in Figure 25, the control cylinder 20 is fully retracted twice (recovering 92mm);
  • Step IX see Figure 26, remove the cylinder clamp to separate the cylinder 20 from the fixed seat, and use the second pneumatic hoist to lift the cylinder 20 and temporarily store it in a suitable position;
  • Step 10 as shown in Fig. 27, remove the cylinder base 18, completely extract the knife cylinder 25, and transfer it to the material transport passage;
  • Step 11 replacing the cutter on the cutter cylinder 25;
  • Step 12 Perform a mounting operation on the cutter barrel 25 after the tool is replaced.
  • the installation of the knife barrel 25 is basically the reverse operation of the removal of the knife barrel 25, but the following additional steps must be performed in place: (1) when the knife barrel 25 is loaded into the gate valve body, the lock plate is not required to be hung in the second gear; (2) Before placing the knife barrel 25 into the gate valve body, completely clean the inside of the gate valve (accessible) and completely apply the outer surface of the knife barrel 25 with oil or butter; (3) pass the knife before opening the gate 16
  • the flushing ball valve 17 on the cylinder 25 is filled with water in a narrow space between the knife barrel 25 and the gate 16, and the applied water pressure is required to coincide with the pressure of the face surface; (4) during the watering, the knife cylinder 25 A ball valve 17.1 on the flushing line needs to be opened to allow the gas to be discharged; (5) when the space between the knife barrel 25 and the gate 16 is filled with water and the water overflows from the flushing ball valve 17, the flushing ball valve is closed again; (6) is opened Before the gate 16 is pressure compensated, when the cutter cylinder 25 is
  • a ⁇ 12.51m mud-water balance shield machine is used for construction, and the replacement of the hob technology under normal pressure and the under-pressure hob cutter interchange technology under normal pressure are successfully realized for the first time.
  • the diameter of the cutter head excavation is 12.55m. Pressed into the warehouse cutter head, the opening ratio is about 28.5%, the normal pressure replaceable hob is 15, and the hob size is 19 inches to realize the hob cutter interchange.

Abstract

一种复合地层盾构用常压下滚刀齿刀互换工艺方法的技术方案，包括以下操作步骤：步骤一，冲洗刀筒(5)；步骤二，固定油缸(4)；步骤三，松开刀筒螺栓；步骤四，收回油缸，起吊刀筒；步骤五，冲洗闸门(26)；步骤六，关闭闸门；步骤七，平衡闸门内和闸门外之间的压差；步骤八，彻底收回油缸；步骤九，拆除油缸并临时存储；步骤十，刀筒完全抽出；步骤十一，更换刀筒上的刀具；步骤十二，安装刀筒。

Description

复合地层盾构用常压下滚刀齿刀互换工艺方法 技术领域
本发明涉及的是一种复合地层盾构用常压下滚刀齿刀互换工艺方法。
背景技术
武汉市轨道交通8号线越江隧道工程盾构段有全断面的粉细砂等软土地层，也有上部为强透水粉细砂和下部为胶结岩石复合地层，根据盾构刀具的切削原理，盾构在软土掘进主要依靠齿刀、刮刀切削土体，而在岩石地层主要依靠滚刀切削土体，无论是齿刀刮刀，还是滚刀，在泥水平衡盾构施工过程中，刀具作为易磨损件，时常需要进行更换。换刀的时间是决定整个盾构机的掘进速度快慢的重要因素。在以往的盾构机施工过程中，更换刀具需通过人闸进入远高于大气压力的开挖仓进行带压换刀作业，这一过程通常存在以下缺点：
(1)带压进仓更换刀具对操作人员风险极大，对操作人员健康也非常不利；
(2)操作人员在开挖仓内只能工作很短时间，更换刀具需很长时间，反复进出开挖仓进一步增加了更换刀具的时间；
申请号为201110304204.0的泥水平衡盾构机刀盘背装常压换刀装置，申请号为201420034202.3的一种滚刀常压换刀装置，以及申请号为20161024163.X的一种可拆卸常压换刀装置，三项专利均涉及常压换刀设备，但该三项设备均不完备，均未涉及常压下滚刀齿刀互换技术，这是现有技术所存在的不足之处。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题，就是针对现有技术所存在的不足，而提供一种复合地层盾构用常压下滚刀齿刀互换工艺方法的技术方案。本发明实现了盾构机常压下滚刀齿刀的互换，降低了成本，保证了盾构机掘进的顺利进行。
本方案是通过如下技术措施来实现的：一种复合地层盾构用常压下滚刀齿刀互换工艺方法，包括以下操作步骤：
步骤一，冲洗刀筒；
步骤二，固定油缸；
步骤三，松开刀筒螺栓；
步骤四，收回油缸，起吊刀筒；
步骤五，冲洗闸门；
步骤六，关闭闸门；
步骤七，平衡闸门内和闸门外之间的压差；
步骤八，彻底收回油缸；
步骤九，拆除油缸并临时存储；
步骤十，刀筒完全抽出；
步骤十一，更换刀筒上的刀具；
步骤十二，安装刀筒。
本发明的复合地层盾构用常压下滚刀齿刀互换工艺方法，可以采用以下操作步骤：
步骤一，将水管与刀筒上的冲洗球阀相连，打开冲洗球阀冲洗刀筒，冲洗完毕后关闭冲洗球阀并拆除水管，关闭磨损探测球阀，然后拆除磨损探测管线；
步骤二，使用换刀吊机吊起油缸，使油缸与油缸固定座在同一高度，采用连接件将油缸固定在油缸固定座上，并用销子锁死；
步骤三，确保油缸尾部的锁定机构与链条在水平方向，将控制阀与油缸的管路进行连接，控制油缸的活塞杆伸出并与刀筒连接，将锁定机构控制在1档，确保以上步骤后，给一点点压力到油缸上，然后松开刀筒螺栓；
步骤四，控制油缸的活塞杆带动刀筒收回至闸门位置，将刀筒夹具固定在刀筒上，将气动葫芦吊钩挂在刀筒夹具上，并使气动葫芦带上力，将刀筒托架固定在刀筒底部；
步骤五，将水管连接到闸门的冲洗管路上，打开冲洗管路上的冲洗球阀来冲洗闸门，冲洗完毕后，关闭冲洗球阀，并移除水管；
步骤六，将控制阀与闸门的管路连接，移除闸门油缸活塞杆上的黄色保护套，将闸门关上，关好闸门后，确保闸门锁紧螺栓锁上；
步骤七，将球阀打开以平衡闸门内外压差，在内外压差平衡后，将球阀关上，将锁定机构控制在2档；
步骤八，控制油缸二次完全收回；
步骤九，拆除连接件，使油缸与固定座分离，使用第二个气动葫芦将油缸吊起并临时存储到一个合适的位置；
步骤十，将刀筒完全抽出，并将刀筒转运到物料运输通道；
步骤十一，更换刀筒上的刀具；
步骤十二，对更换刀具后的刀筒进行安装操作。
本发明的复合地层盾构用常压下滚刀齿刀互换工艺方法，可以采用以下操作步骤：
步骤一，控制掌子面压力，将水管与刀筒上的冲洗球阀相连，打开冲洗球阀冲洗刀筒，冲洗完毕后关闭冲洗球阀并拆除水管，关闭磨损探测球阀，然后拆除磨损探测管线；
步骤二，使用换刀吊机将油缸吊到刀筒位置，将油缸固定到刀筒的吊耳上；
步骤三，将控制阀与油缸的管路进行连接，将油缸完全伸出，使用销子将油缸与座子锁死，将油缸活塞杆外圈的螺纹抱箍松开；
步骤四，控制油缸的活塞杆带动刀筒收回至闸门位置，将刀筒夹具固定在刀筒上，将气动葫芦吊钩挂在刀筒夹具上，并使气动葫芦带上力，将刀筒托架固定在刀筒底部；
步骤五，将水管连接到闸门的冲洗管路上，打开冲洗管路上的冲洗球阀来冲洗闸门，冲洗完毕后，关闭冲洗球阀，并移除水管；
步骤六，将控制阀与闸门的管路连接，移除闸门油缸活塞杆上的黄色保护套，将闸门关上，关好闸门后，确保闸门锁紧螺栓锁上；
步骤七，将球阀打开以平衡闸门内外压差，在内外压差平衡后，将球阀关上，将定位销从刀筒吊耳上拔出，然后在将油缸伸出100mm至下一个销孔，再次将销子插上，确保用弹簧销锁死；
步骤八，控制油缸二次完全收回；
步骤九，将油缸拆除并临时存储到一个合适的位置；
步骤十，将刀筒完全抽出，并转运到物料运输通道；
步骤十一，更换刀筒上的刀具；
步骤十二，对更换刀具后的刀筒进行安装操作。
本发明的复合地层盾构用常压下滚刀齿刀互换工艺方法，可以采用以下操作步骤：
步骤一，控制掌子面压力，将水管与刀筒上的冲洗球阀相连，打开冲洗球阀冲洗刀筒，冲洗完毕后关闭冲洗球阀并拆除水管，关闭磨损探测球阀，然后拆除磨损探测管线；
步骤二，将油缸底座固定到刀盘背部壁板，使用换刀吊机吊起油缸，将油缸固定座固定到油缸筒身适当位置，使用油缸夹子将油缸与油缸底座固定，并用销子锁死；
步骤三，将控制阀与油缸的管路进行连接，控制油缸的活塞杆伸出并与刀筒连接，将锁定机构控制在1档，确保以上步骤后，给一点点压力到油缸上，然后松开刀筒螺栓；
步骤四，将油缸完全收回，将刀筒夹具固定到刀筒上，将缓冲吊链挂到刀筒夹具上，将刀筒夹具上的缓冲吊链一段挂在气动葫芦吊钩上，并使气动葫芦带上力，将刀筒托架固定在刀筒底部；
步骤五，将挂耳固定到刀筒法兰面上，将倒链连接到缓冲吊链及挂耳上并拉紧，将水管连接到闸门阀体上所有的冲洗管路上，打开所有冲洗球阀进行冲洗，冲洗后，关闭球阀，然后拆除水管；
步骤六，将控制阀与闸门的管路连接，移除闸门油缸活塞杆上的黄色保护套，将闸门关上，关好闸门后，确保闸门锁紧螺栓锁上；
步骤七，将球阀打开以平衡闸门内外压差，在内外压差平衡后，将球阀关上，将锁定机构控制在2档；
步骤八，控制油缸二次完全收回；
步骤九，拆除连接件，使油缸与固定座分离，使用第二个气动葫芦将油缸吊起并临时存储到一个合适的位置；
步骤十，拆除油缸底座，将刀筒完全抽出，并转运到物料运输通道；
步骤十一，更换刀筒上的刀具；
步骤十二，对更换刀具后的刀筒进行安装操作。
本方案的有益效果可根据对上述方案的叙述得知，本发明首次成功实现了常压下更换滚刀技术和常压下滚刀齿刀互换技术，大大缩短了换刀时间，降低了成本，保证了盾构机掘进的顺利进行。
由此可见，本发明与现有技术相比，具有实质性特点和进步，其实施的有益效果也是显而易见的。
附图说明
构成本申请的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中：
图1为本发明第一种具体实施方式中步骤一的结构示意图。
图2为本发明第一种具体实施方式中步骤二的结构示意图。
图3为本发明第一种具体实施方式中步骤三的结构示意图。
图4为本发明第一种具体实施方式中步骤四和步骤五的结构示意图。
图5为本发明第一种具体实施方式中步骤六的结构示意图。
图6为本发明第一种具体实施方式中步骤七的结构示意图。
图7为本发明第一种具体实施方式中步骤八的结构示意图。
图8为本发明第一种具体实施方式中步骤九的结构示意图。
图9为本发明第一种具体实施方式中步骤十的结构示意图。
图10为本发明第二种具体实施方式中步骤一的结构示意图。
图11为本发明第二种具体实施方式中步骤二的结构示意图。
图12为本发明第二种具体实施方式中步骤三的结构示意图。
图13为本发明第二种具体实施方式中步骤四的结构示意图。
图14为本发明第二种具体实施方式中步骤四的结构示意图。
图15为本发明第二种具体实施方式中步骤六的结构示意图。
图16为本发明第二种具体实施方式中步骤七和八的结构示意图。
图17为本发明第二种具体实施方式中步骤九和十的结构示意图。
图18为本发明第三种具体实施方式中步骤一的结构示意图。
图19为本发明第三种具体实施方式中步骤二的结构示意图。
图20为本发明第三种具体实施方式中步骤三的结构示意图。
图21为本发明第三种具体实施方式中步骤四的结构示意图。
图22为本发明第三种具体实施方式中步骤五的结构示意图。
图23为本发明第三种具体实施方式中步骤六的结构示意图。
图24为本发明第三种具体实施方式中步骤七的结构示意图。
图25为本发明第三种具体实施方式中步骤八的结构示意图。
图26为本发明第三种具体实施方式中步骤九的结构示意图。
图27为本发明第三种具体实施方式中步骤十的结构示意图。
图中，1为冲洗球阀，1.1为球阀，2为磨损探测球阀，3为油缸固定座，4为油缸，4.1为活塞杆，5为刀筒，6为连接件，7为刀筒夹具，8为气动葫芦；9为闸门，10为冲洗球阀，10.1为球阀，11为吊耳，12为油缸，13为座子，14为刀筒，15为刀筒托架；16为闸门，17为冲洗球阀，17.1为球阀，18为油缸底座，19为刀盘背部壁板，20为油缸，21为刀筒夹具，22为缓冲吊链，23为挂耳，24为倒链，25为刀筒，26为闸门。
具体实施方式
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明。
为能清楚说明本方案的技术特点，下面通过一个具体实施方式，并结合其附图，对本方案进行阐述。
一种复合地层盾构用常压下滚刀齿刀互换工艺方法，包括以下操作步骤：
步骤一，冲洗刀筒，冲洗刀筒的目的是将内刀筒与外刀筒之间的泥沙清理干净，以避免内刀筒在运动过程中被泥沙卡住；
步骤二，固定油缸，油缸作为动力部件，为刀筒的运动提供一定的拉力；
步骤三，松开刀筒螺栓；
步骤四，收回油缸，起吊刀筒，本步骤的收回油缸，是将刀筒收回到闸门位置；
步骤五，冲洗闸门，冲洗闸门的目的是将闸门和闸门卡槽内的泥沙冲洗干净，避免闸门盖不严或盖不上的现象；
步骤六，关闭闸门，将闸门关闭后，闸门的前部就会与掌子面的泥浆联通，闸门的前部为高压区，闸门的后部为常压区，操作人员在常压区内进行刀具的更换；
步骤七，平衡闸门内和闸门外之间的压差；
步骤八，彻底收回油缸，本步骤的收回油缸是将刀筒完全拉出；
步骤九，拆除油缸并临时存储；
步骤十，刀筒完全抽出；
步骤十一，更换刀筒上的刀具；
步骤十二，安装刀筒。
根据刀具的切削轨迹不同，换刀时对刀具的拆装步骤及所用的工具也有所不同。
第一种具体实施方式：
步骤一，见图1，将水管与刀筒5上的冲洗球阀1相连，打开冲洗球阀1冲洗刀筒5，冲洗完毕后关闭冲洗球阀1并拆除水管，关闭磨损探测球阀2(用于检测刀具是否磨损)，然后拆除磨损探测管线；
步骤二，见图2，使用换刀吊机吊起油缸4，使油缸4与油缸固定座3在同一高度，采用连接件6将油缸4固定在油缸固定座3上，并用销子锁死；
步骤三，见图3，确保油缸4尾部的锁定机构与链条在水平方向，将控制阀与油缸4的管路进行连接，控制油缸4的活塞杆伸出并与刀筒5连接，将锁定机构控制在1档，确保以上步骤后，给一点点压力到油缸4上，然后松开刀筒螺栓，本步骤中所述控制阀的目的是用于控制油缸活塞杆的伸缩；
步骤四，见图4，控制油缸4的活塞杆4.1带动刀筒5收回至闸门26位置(#1-#18刀大约收回435mm，#25/26刀大约收回695mm)，将刀筒夹具7固定在刀筒5上，将气动葫芦8吊钩挂在刀筒夹具7上，并使气动葫芦8带上力，将刀筒托架(因刀筒5和刀的总重量较大，重达1吨多，为避免气动葫芦8失效产生安全事故，所以设置了刀筒托架)固定在刀筒5底部(最少使用3颗M27X 100的螺栓)；
步骤五，见图4，将水管连接到闸门26的冲洗管路上，打开冲洗管路上的冲洗球阀来冲洗闸门26，冲洗完毕后，关闭冲洗球阀，并移除水管；
步骤六，见图5，将控制阀与闸门26的管路连接，移除闸门油缸活塞杆上的黄色保护套，将闸门26关上，关好闸门26后，确保闸门锁紧螺栓锁上，本步骤中，控制阀的作用是用于控制油压，进而控制闸门26的开闭状态，闸门油缸驱动闸门26的开闭，正常掘进状态下闸门26是打开的，为避免掘进状态时部分螺栓掉落砸到闸门活塞杆，所以前期会装有黄色保护套；
步骤七，见图6，将球阀1.1打开以平衡闸门26内外压差，在内外压差平衡后，将球阀1.1关上，将锁定机构控制在2档；
步骤八，见图7，控制油缸4二次完全收回；
步骤九，见图8，拆除连接件6，使油缸4与固定座分离，使用第二个气动葫芦将油缸4吊起并临时存储到一个合适的位置，务必不要将油缸4和其他重物放在换刀的可拆卸平台上；
步骤十，见图9，将刀筒5完全抽出(注意刀筒5抽出后会晃动或摆动)，并转运到物料运输通道；
步骤十一，更换刀筒5上的刀具；
步骤十二，对更换刀具后的刀筒5进行安装操作。
刀筒5的安装基本上是刀筒5拆除的逆向操作，但是如下步骤必须执行到位：(1)刀筒5装进闸门阀体的时候，不用将锁板锁到2档，将刀筒5放入闸门阀体之前，须将闸门内部(可接触到)完全清理干净，并使用机油或黄油将刀筒5外表面完全涂抹：(2)打开闸门26之前，通过刀筒5上的冲洗球阀1在刀筒5和闸门26之间的狭小空间内注满水，所加水压需与掌子面压力一致；(3)在加水的期间，刀筒5上的冲洗管路上的一个球阀1.1需打开以使气体排出；(4)当刀筒5与闸门26之间的空间注满水其水从冲洗球阀1溢出时，再次关上冲洗管路球阀；(5)将刀筒5推进闸门阀体时，注意刀筒5上定位销与闸门阀体上定位孔必须一致(注意定位销的位置)。
锁定机构锁定在1档与2档，其中1档和2档相当于两个限位器，锁定机构锁定在1档时油缸4只能收回到一个指定位置，锁定机构所定在2档时油缸4只能收回到另一个指定位置。
第二种具体实施方式：
步骤一，见图10，控制掌子面压力，将水管与刀筒14上的冲洗球阀10相连，打开冲洗球阀10冲洗刀筒14，冲洗完毕后关闭冲洗球阀10并拆除水管，关闭磨损探测球阀，然后拆除磨损探测管线；
步骤二，见图11，使用换刀吊机将油缸12吊到刀筒14位置，将油缸12固定到刀筒14的吊耳11上；
步骤三，见图12，将控制阀与油缸12的管路进行连接，将油缸12完全伸出，使用2个销子将油缸12与座子13锁死，将油缸活塞杆外圈的螺纹抱箍松开；
步骤四，见图13和图14，控制油缸12的活塞杆带动刀筒14收回至闸门9位置，将刀筒夹具固定在刀筒14上，将气动葫芦吊钩挂在刀筒夹具上，并使气动葫芦带上力(刚刚好吊住)，将刀筒托架15固定在刀筒14底部，最少使用3颗M27的螺栓；
步骤五，将水管连接到闸门9的冲洗管路上，打开冲洗管路上的冲洗球阀10来冲洗闸门9，冲洗完毕后，关闭冲洗球阀10，并移除水管；
步骤六，见图15，将控制阀与闸门9的管路连接，移除闸门油缸活塞杆上的黄色保护套，将闸门9关上，关好闸门9后，确保闸门锁紧螺栓锁上；
步骤七，见图16，将球阀10.1打开以平衡闸门9内外压差，在内外压差平衡后，将球阀10.1关上，将定位销从刀筒吊耳11上拔出，然后在将油缸12伸出100mm至下一个销孔，再次将销子插上，确保用弹簧销锁死；
步骤八，见图16，控制油缸12二次完全收回；
步骤九，见图17，将油缸12拆除并临时存储到一个合适的位置；
步骤十，见图17，将刀筒14完全抽出(注意刀筒14抽出后会晃动或摆动)，并转运到物料运输通道；
步骤十一，更换刀筒14上的刀具；
步骤十二，对更换刀具后的刀筒14进行安装操作。
刀筒14的安装基本上是刀筒14拆除的逆向操作，但是如下额外步骤必须执行到位：(1)将刀筒14放入闸门9之前，须将闸门9内步(可接触到)完全清理干净，并使用机油或黄油将刀筒14外表面完全涂抹；(2)打开闸门9之前，通过刀筒14上的冲洗球阀10在刀筒14和和闸门9之间的狭小空间内注满水，所加水压需与掌子面压力一致；(3)在加水的期间，刀筒14上的冲洗管路上的一个球阀10.1需打开以使气体排出；(4)当刀筒14与闸门9之间的空间注满水其水从冲洗球阀10溢出时，再次关上冲洗球阀10；(5)在打开闸门9之前，进行压力补偿；(6)将刀筒14推进闸门阀体时，注意刀筒14上定位销与闸门阀体上定位孔必须一致(注意定位销的位置)。
第三种具体实施方式：
步骤一，见图18，控制掌子面压力，将水管与刀筒25上的冲洗球阀17相连，打开冲洗球阀17冲洗刀筒25，冲洗完毕后关闭冲洗球阀17并拆除水管，关闭磨损探测球阀，然后拆除磨损探测管线；
步骤二，见图19，将油缸底座18固定到刀盘背部壁板19，使用换刀吊机吊起油缸20，将油缸固定座固定到油缸20筒身适当位置，使用油缸夹子将油缸20与油缸底座18固定，并用销子锁死；
步骤三，见图20，将控制阀与油缸20的管路进行连接，控制油缸20的活塞杆伸出并与刀筒25连接，将锁定机构控制在1档，确保以上步骤后，给一点点压力到油缸20上，然后松开刀筒螺栓；
步骤四，见图21，将油缸20完全收回(大约收回695mm)，将刀筒夹具21固定到刀筒25上，将缓冲吊链22挂到刀筒夹具21上，将刀筒夹具21上的缓冲吊链22一段挂在气动葫芦吊钩上，并使气动葫芦带上力，将刀筒托架15固定在刀筒25底部，最少使用3颗M27X 100的螺栓；
步骤五，见图22，将挂耳23固定到刀筒25法兰面上，将倒链24连接到缓冲吊链22及挂耳23上并拉紧，将水管连接到闸门阀体上所有的冲洗管路上，打开所有冲洗球阀进行冲洗，冲洗后，关闭球阀，然后拆除水管；
步骤六，见图23，将控制阀与闸门16的管路连接，移除闸门油缸活塞杆上的黄色保护套，将闸门16关上，关好闸门16后，确保闸门锁紧螺栓锁上；
步骤七，见图24，将球阀打开以平衡闸门16内外压差，在内外压差平衡后，将球阀关上，将锁定机构控制在2档；
步骤八，见图25，控制油缸20二次完全收回(收回92mm)；
步骤九，见图26，拆除油缸夹子，使油缸20与固定座分离，使用第二个气动葫芦将油缸20吊起并临时存储到一个合适的位置；
步骤十，见图27，拆除油缸底座18，将刀筒25完全抽出，并转运到物料运输通道；
步骤十一，更换刀筒25上的刀具；
步骤十二，对更换刀具后的刀筒25进行安装操作。
刀筒25的安装基本上是刀筒25拆除的逆向操作，但是如下额外步骤必须执行到位：(1)刀筒25装进闸门阀体的时候，不用将锁板挂到2档；(2)将刀筒25放入闸门阀体之前，须将闸门阀体内步(可接触到)完全清理干净，并使用机油或黄油将刀筒25外表面完全涂抹；(3)打开闸门16之前，通过刀筒25上的冲洗球阀17在刀筒25和和闸门16之间的狭小空间内注满水，所加水压需与掌子面压力一致；(4)在加水的期间，刀筒25上的冲洗管路上的一个球阀17.1需打开以使气体排出；(5)当刀筒25与闸门16之间的空间注满水其水从冲洗 球阀17溢出时，再次关上冲洗球阀；(6)在打开闸门16之前，进行压力补偿，将刀筒25推进闸门阀体时，注意刀筒25上定位销与闸门阀体上定位孔必须一致(注意定位销的位置)。
本发明中，采用一台φ12.51m泥水平衡盾构机施工，首次成功实现了常压下更换滚刀技术和常压下滚刀齿刀互换技术，刀盘开挖直径为12.55m为常压进仓式刀盘，开口率约为28.5％，常压可更换滚刀为15把，滚刀尺寸为19寸可实现滚刀齿刀互换。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (4)

  1. 一种复合地层盾构用常压下滚刀齿刀互换工艺方法，其特征是，包括以下操作步骤：
    步骤一，冲洗刀筒；
    步骤二，固定油缸；
    步骤三，松开刀筒螺栓；
    步骤四，收回油缸，起吊刀筒；
    步骤五，冲洗闸门；
    步骤六，关闭闸门；
    步骤七，平衡闸门内和闸门外之间的压差；
    步骤八，彻底收回油缸；
    步骤九，拆除油缸并临时存储；
    步骤十，刀筒完全抽出；
    步骤十一，更换刀筒上的刀具；
    步骤十二，安装刀筒。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的复合地层盾构用常压下滚刀齿刀互换工艺方法，其特征是，包括以下操作步骤：
    步骤一，将水管与刀筒上的冲洗球阀相连，打开冲洗球阀冲洗刀筒，冲洗完毕后关闭冲洗球阀并拆除水管，关闭磨损探测球阀，然后拆除磨损探测管线；
    步骤二，使用换刀吊机吊起油缸，使油缸与油缸固定座在同一高度，采用连接件将油缸固定在油缸固定座上，并用销子锁死；
    步骤三，确保油缸尾部的锁定机构与链条在水平方向，将控制阀与油缸的管路进行连接，控制油缸的活塞杆伸出并与刀筒连接，将锁定机构控制在1档，确保以上步骤后，给一点点压力到油缸上，然后松开刀筒螺栓；
    步骤四，控制油缸的活塞杆带动刀筒收回至闸门位置，将刀筒夹具固定在刀筒上，将气动葫芦吊钩挂在刀筒夹具上，并使气动葫芦带上力，将刀筒托架固定在刀筒底部；
    步骤五，将水管连接到闸门的冲洗管路上，打开冲洗管路上的冲洗球阀来冲洗闸门，冲洗完毕后，关闭冲洗球阀，并移除水管；
    步骤六，将控制阀与闸门的管路连接，移除闸门油缸活塞杆上的黄色保护套，将闸门关上，关好闸门后，确保闸门锁紧螺栓锁上；
    步骤七，将球阀打开以平衡闸门内外压差，在内外压差平衡后，将球阀关上，将锁定机构控制在2档；
    步骤八，控制油缸二次完全收回；
    步骤九，拆除连接件，使油缸与固定座分离，使用第二个气动葫芦将油缸吊起并临时存储到一个合适的位置；
    步骤十，将刀筒完全抽出，并将刀筒转运到物料运输通道；
    步骤十一，更换刀筒上的刀具；
    步骤十二，对更换刀具后的刀筒进行安装操作。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的复合地层盾构用常压下滚刀齿刀互换工艺方法，其特征是，包括以下操作步骤：
    步骤一，控制掌子面压力，将水管与刀筒上的冲洗球阀相连，打开冲洗球阀冲洗刀筒，冲洗完毕后关闭冲洗球阀并拆除水管，关闭磨损探测球阀，然后拆除磨损探测管线；
    步骤二，使用换刀吊机将油缸吊到刀筒位置，将油缸固定到刀筒的吊耳上；
    步骤三，将控制阀与油缸的管路进行连接，将油缸完全伸出，使用销子将油缸与座子锁死，将油缸活塞杆外圈的螺纹抱箍松开；
    步骤四，控制油缸的活塞杆带动刀筒收回至闸门位置，将刀筒夹具固定在刀筒上，将气动葫芦吊钩挂在刀筒夹具上，并使气动葫芦带上力，将刀筒托架固定在刀筒底部；
    步骤五，将水管连接到闸门的冲洗管路上，打开冲洗管路上的冲洗球阀来冲洗闸门，冲洗完毕后，关闭冲洗球阀，并移除水管；
    步骤六，将控制阀与闸门的管路连接，移除闸门油缸活塞杆上的黄色保护套，将闸门关上，关好闸门后，确保闸门锁紧螺栓锁上；
    步骤七，将球阀打开以平衡闸门内外压差，在内外压差平衡后，将球阀关上，将定位销从刀筒吊耳上拔出，然后在将油缸伸出100mm至下一个销孔，再次将销子插上，确保用弹簧销锁死；
    步骤八，控制油缸二次完全收回；
    步骤九，将油缸拆除并临时存储到一个合适的位置；
    步骤十，将刀筒完全抽出，并转运到物料运输通道；
    步骤十一，更换刀筒上的刀具；
    步骤十二，对更换刀具后的刀筒进行安装操作。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的复合地层盾构用常压下滚刀齿刀互换工艺方法，其特征是，包括以下操作步骤：
    步骤一，控制掌子面压力，将水管与刀筒上的冲洗球阀相连，打开冲洗球阀冲洗刀筒，冲洗完毕后关闭冲洗球阀并拆除水管，关闭磨损探测球阀，然后拆除磨损探测管线；
    步骤二，将油缸底座固定到刀盘背部壁板，使用换刀吊机吊起油缸，将油缸固定座固定到油缸筒身适当位置，使用油缸夹子将油缸与油缸底座固定，并用销子锁死；
    步骤三，将控制阀与油缸的管路进行连接，控制油缸的活塞杆伸出并与刀筒连接，将锁定机构控制在1档，确保以上步骤后，给一点点压力到油缸上，然后松开刀筒螺栓；
    步骤四，将油缸完全收回，将刀筒夹具固定到刀筒上，将缓冲吊链挂到刀筒夹具上，将刀筒夹具上的缓冲吊链一段挂在气动葫芦吊钩上，并使气动葫芦带上力，将刀筒托架固定在刀筒底部；
    步骤五，将挂耳固定到刀筒法兰面上，将倒链连接到缓冲吊链及挂耳上并拉紧，将水管连接到闸门阀体上所有的冲洗管路上，打开所有冲洗球阀进行冲洗，冲洗后，关闭球阀，然后拆除水管；
    步骤六，将控制阀与闸门的管路连接，移除闸门油缸活塞杆上的黄色保护套，将闸门关上，关好闸门后，确保闸门锁紧螺栓锁上；
    步骤七，将球阀打开以平衡闸门内外压差，在内外压差平衡后，将球阀关上，将锁定机构控制在2档；
    步骤八，控制油缸二次完全收回；
    步骤九，拆除连接件，使油缸与固定座分离，使用第二个气动葫芦将油缸吊起并临时存储到一个合适的位置；
    步骤十，拆除油缸底座，将刀筒完全抽出，并转运到物料运输通道；
    步骤十一，更换刀筒上的刀具；
    步骤十二，对更换刀具后的刀筒进行安装操作。
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