WO2018184399A1 - 手指变位并转位的双驱动曲柄滑块并联机构手掌式机械手 - Google Patents
手指变位并转位的双驱动曲柄滑块并联机构手掌式机械手 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2018184399A1 WO2018184399A1 PCT/CN2017/115205 CN2017115205W WO2018184399A1 WO 2018184399 A1 WO2018184399 A1 WO 2018184399A1 CN 2017115205 W CN2017115205 W CN 2017115205W WO 2018184399 A1 WO2018184399 A1 WO 2018184399A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- crank
- seat
- driven
- bearing
- nut
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J15/00—Gripping heads and other end effectors
- B25J15/08—Gripping heads and other end effectors having finger members
- B25J15/10—Gripping heads and other end effectors having finger members with three or more finger members
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J15/00—Gripping heads and other end effectors
- B25J15/02—Gripping heads and other end effectors servo-actuated
- B25J15/0206—Gripping heads and other end effectors servo-actuated comprising articulated grippers
- B25J15/022—Gripping heads and other end effectors servo-actuated comprising articulated grippers actuated by articulated links
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J15/00—Gripping heads and other end effectors
- B25J15/08—Gripping heads and other end effectors having finger members
- B25J15/10—Gripping heads and other end effectors having finger members with three or more finger members
- B25J15/103—Gripping heads and other end effectors having finger members with three or more finger members for gripping the object in three contact points
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J15/00—Gripping heads and other end effectors
- B25J15/08—Gripping heads and other end effectors having finger members
- B25J15/12—Gripping heads and other end effectors having finger members with flexible finger members
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J17/00—Joints
- B25J17/02—Wrist joints
- B25J17/0258—Two-dimensional joints
- B25J17/0266—Two-dimensional joints comprising more than two actuating or connecting rods
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/10—Programme-controlled manipulators characterised by positioning means for manipulator elements
- B25J9/102—Gears specially adapted therefor, e.g. reduction gears
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/10—Programme-controlled manipulators characterised by positioning means for manipulator elements
- B25J9/106—Programme-controlled manipulators characterised by positioning means for manipulator elements with articulated links
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/10—Programme-controlled manipulators characterised by positioning means for manipulator elements
- B25J9/12—Programme-controlled manipulators characterised by positioning means for manipulator elements electric
- B25J9/126—Rotary actuators
Definitions
- the double-acting crank slider parallel mechanism of the finger displacement and indexing of the present invention is a palm-type manipulator, and the crank-slider mechanism on the left side is an active driving structure, which is driven by two stepping motors respectively to generate crank angle displacement and change the connecting rod.
- the crank slider mechanism on the right side is a follower mechanism, which is driven by a pair of gears at equal speed, and the left crank has the same angular displacement as the right crank
- the robot has three leaf spring fingers, two of which are respectively mounted on On the left and right side of the connecting rod, through the synergy of two stepping motors; by manual adjustment, the crank eccentricity, the position and angle of the two fingers on the two links, and the position of the other fixed finger can be changed.
- the clamping and gripping power of the manipulator of the invention is also driven by two stepping motors, and the self-locking two stepping motors can be powered off during the gripping process.
- the manipulator of the invention has the advantages of large operation space, wide adaptability, low energy consumption, and the like, and belongs to the field of logistics conveying equipment, manipulators and robots.
- the general machine can only control the center distance of the finger, grasp the circular or spherical object of the size and diameter, or control the finger indexing, from grabbing the circle or
- the spherical object is transformed into a robot that grabs a rectangular object, and the finger can change position and rotate the angle has not been reported.
- the invention overcomes the above defects, designs the manipulator from the angle of changing the shape of the palm, and adopts the simplest crank slider mechanism according to the characteristics of the large space of the parallel mechanism, and selects three identical flexible leaf spring fingers, one of which is a finger. Not moving, the other two fingers are neither rotating nor moving, but a translational motion that both rotates and moves.
- the finger can be pneumatically driven to grasp the object, and the clamping and grasping power of the manipulator of the present invention is also driven by two stepping motors, and the self-locking two stepping motors can be powered off during the grasping process.
- the double-drive crank slider parallel mechanism palm-type manipulator of the finger displacement and indexing of the present invention comprises a bottom plate 1, a rail support 2, a linear guide 3, a mounting plate 4, a linear bearing 5, Moving seat 6, rotating seat 7, hinge shaft 8, bearing 9, wear washer 10, rotating guide 11, opening pin 12, screw stepping motor 13, guide post 14, screw nut 15, flange linear bearing 16 , driving link 17, short finger holder 18, leaf spring curved finger 19, crank link pin 20, slotted crank 21, gear cover 22, stepped motor 23 with worm gear reducer, gear 24, flat key 25, Drive shaft 26, long sleeve 27, seat bearing 28, short sleeve 29, driven shaft 30, thick sleeve 31, tapered bore gear 32, taper sleeve 33, obround nut 34, small seat bearing 35, guide
- the stud 36, the long finger holder 37, the middle finger holder 38, and the driven link 39 are composed.
- the double-drive crank slider parallel mechanism of the finger displacement and indexing of the present invention is in a palm-type robot.
- the two ends of the linear guide 3 are fixed by two rail supports 2, and two guide rail supports 2 mounted on the bottom plate 1, the two ends of the mounting plate 4 are respectively fixed on the two rail supports 2, the mounting plate 4 has different positions of the hole system and the robot body is connected, the hole system size corresponds to the robot body, to adapt to different The center of gravity of the grasped object and the hole system at different positions are convenient for adjusting the coupling;
- the linear bearing 5 moves through the linear guide 3, the movable seat 6 is fixed on the linear bearing 5, and the hinge shaft 8 is fixed to the movable seat 6 by the nut,
- the hinge shaft 8 is provided with a bearing 9, the shoulder surface of the hinge shaft 8 is in contact with the inner ring of the bearing 9, and the outer ring of the bearing 9 is provided with a rotating seat 7, and the axial gravity of the grasped object is transmitted by the rotating seat 7 to On the outer ring of the
- the screw stepping motor 13 is used for controlling the length of the connecting rod in the crank slider mechanism, and is cooperatively controlled with the stepping motor 23 with the worm wheel reducer for driving the crank to form a parallel mechanism of the double drive, and the screw stepping motor 13
- the screw nut structure and the worm gear reducer with the worm wheel reducer stepping motor 23 play a self-locking function, and can be powered off during the gripping process to save energy; the worm gear reducer step is larger than the screw stepping motor 13
- the input motor 23 mainly drives the clamping object;
- the screw stepping motor 13 is fixed on the rotating base 7.
- the nut on the rotating base 7 is fixed with a guide post 14 which is parallel and parallel with the lead screw of the lead screw stepping motor 13.
- the threaded end of the guiding post 14 has a cylindrical surface.
- the assembly relationship with the corresponding hole on the rotating base 7 is a small gap and a small interference fit;
- the vertical surface of the L-shaped drive link 17 is correspondingly equipped with a screw nut 15 and a flange linear bearing 16, which drives the connecting rod 17
- the horizontal surface is provided with a waist groove, and the width of the waist groove is in a clearance fit relationship with the length of a cylindrical surface of the threaded end of the short finger holder 18.
- the short finger holder 18 can be at any position of the waist groove of the drive link 17, and the short finger seat 18 can be rotated at an arbitrary angle with respect to the driving link 17, and then fixed on the driving link 17 by a nut.
- the short finger seat 18 is provided with a leaf spring curved finger 19, and the surface of the leaf spring curved finger 19 is used for pinching.
- the middle curved surface portion is used for engraving and grasping;
- the other end of the active slotted crank 21 is sleeved on the drive shaft 26 and fastened to the flattened surface of one end of the drive shaft 26 by screws, and transmits the rotational torque of the drive shaft 26; the drive shaft 26 is provided with a slotted crank 21 and a long sleeve.
- the cylinder 27, the two seated bearings 28, the short sleeve 29, the gear 24, and the flat cylindrical section of the other end of the drive shaft 26 are inserted into the hole of the drive shaft of the stepping motor 23 with the worm reducer with a clearance fit, and the worm wheel is decelerated
- the stepper motor 23 transmits torque to the drive shaft 26 through the flattened cylindrical section, and the flat key 25 on the drive shaft 26 transmits torque to the gear 24; the axial dimension of the long sleeve 27 and the short sleeve 29 is repaired.
- the axial position of the gear 24 can be adjusted; a seat bearing 28 is fixed to the gear cover 22, and the axial force generated by the grasping object is transmitted from the shoulder surface of the drive shaft 26 to the inner ring of the seat bearing 28.
- the other bearing 28 of the coaxial core is fixed to the bottom plate 1.
- the gear cover 22 is connected by the two guiding studs 36 and the bottom plate 1 into a unitary structure, and both ends of the guiding stud 36 are matched with the corresponding holes.
- the cylindrical surface is then tightened with a nut instead of the guide stud 36 screwed to the bottom plate 1 and the gear cover On board 22;
- the driven shaft 30 is supported by a seat bearing 28 and a small seat bearing 35, and the seat bearing 28 and the small seat bearing 35 are respectively fixed to the gear cover 22 and the bottom plate 1, and axially by the shoulder surface of the driven shaft 30.
- the thick sleeve 31, the tapered hole gear 32, the taper sleeve 33, the oblate nut 34 constitutes a rotating body;
- the gear 24 meshes with the tapered bore gear 32, the tapered bore gear 32 has a taper sleeve 33 therein, and the oblate nut 34 is screwed,
- the torque is transmitted to the driven shaft 30 through the oblique action of the conical contact surface;
- the other end of the driven slotted crank 21 is sleeved on the driven shaft 30, and is fastened to the end of the driven shaft 30 by screws.
- the driven shaft 30 rotates the torque and transmits it to the driven slotted crank 21; the loose round nut 34 is reversely loosened, the tapered bore gear 32 and the taper sleeve 33 are disengaged, and the active slotted crank 21 and the slave can be adjusted.
- the phase angle between the movable slotted cranks 21, that is, the active slotted crank 21 and the driven slotted crank 21 may be symmetrical in the horizontal direction or may be asymmetric;
- the dual-drive crank slider parallel mechanism of the present invention has an active crank slider mechanism on the left side and a driven crank slider mechanism on the right side, and the rotary guide 11 is located on the right side.
- the side, the rotating guide 11 and the right driven link 39 are equivalent to the variable length link of the driven crank slider mechanism; the active slotted crank 21 and the driven slotted crank 21 are simultaneously powered The purpose is to ensure that the rotating guide rod 11 can be rotated and can be moved while being guided by the flange linear bearing 16 on the right driven link 39 without being stuck;
- the width of the long finger seat 37 forms a clearance fit relationship with the width of the wide waist groove on the bottom plate 1.
- the threaded section of the long finger seat 37 passes through the narrow waist groove on the bottom plate 1 and is fixed by a nut, so the long finger seat 37 can The position is adjusted in the waist groove of the bottom plate 1, and a leaf spring curved finger 19 is also mounted on the long finger seat 37; the horizontal surface of the right driving link 17 is provided with a waist groove, the width of the waist groove and the middle finger seat
- the length of a cylindrical surface of the 38 thread end is a clearance fit relationship, the middle finger seat 38 can be at any position of the waist groove of the right side driving link 17, and the middle finger holder 38 can be rotated at an arbitrary angle with respect to the driving link 17, and then fixed by a nut.
- the middle finger seat 38 is provided with a leaf spring curved finger 19; all three spring curved fingers 19 are identical in structure and size, and the structure of the double-acting crank slider parallel mechanism palm-type manipulator of the present invention is guaranteed.
- the short finger holder 18, the middle finger holder 38, and the long finger holder 37 are mounted on the plane of the leaf spring curved finger 19 to be coplanar.
- Shape adaptability The driving of the two stepping motors is synergistic, and the shape is suitable for rectangular, circular, elliptical, trapezoidal and the like.
- the robot has three fingers. By manual adjustment, the crank eccentricity, the position and angle of the two fingers on the two links, and the position of the other fixed finger can be changed, and the size adaptability is good.
- the connecting rod drives the stepping motor mainly for positioning.
- the crank-driven stepping motor mainly plays the gripping role, and the crank rotation angle is displaced rapidly.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the A-A of a parallel type palm hand manipulator according to the present invention.
- Figure 2 is a front elevational view of the parallel robotic hand of the present invention.
- Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the B-B of the parallel type palm hand manipulator of the present invention.
- Fig. 4 is a front elevational view of the bottom plate part of the palm-type manipulator of the parallel mechanism of the present invention.
- Figure 5 is a front elevational view of the hinge shaft part of the parallel type palm hand manipulator of the present invention.
- Figure 6 is a front elevational view of the drive shaft assembly of the palm-type manipulator of the parallel mechanism of the present invention.
- Figure 7 is a front elevational view of the driven shaft part of the parallel type hand palm manipulator of the present invention.
- Figure 8 is a right side elevational view of the rotary guide member of the parallel hand palm manipulator of the present invention.
- Figure 9 is a front elevational view of the rotary guide member of the parallel type hand palm manipulator of the present invention.
- Figure 10 is a right side elevational view of the short finger seat of the palm-type manipulator of the parallel mechanism of the present invention.
- Figure 11 is a front elevational view of the short finger seat of the palm-type manipulator of the parallel mechanism of the present invention.
- Figure 12 is a left side elevational view of the short finger seat of the palm-type manipulator of the parallel mechanism of the present invention.
- Figure 13 is a right side elevational view of the middle finger seat of the palm-type manipulator of the parallel mechanism of the present invention.
- Figure 14 is a front elevational view of the middle finger seat portion of the parallel-hand palm manipulator of the present invention.
- Figure 15 is a left side elevational view of the middle finger seat component of the parallel-hand palm manipulator of the present invention.
- Figure 16 is a right side elevational view of the long finger seat of the palm-type manipulator of the parallel mechanism of the present invention.
- Figure 17 is a front elevational view of the long finger seat of the palm-type manipulator of the parallel mechanism of the present invention.
- Figure 18 is a left side elevational view of the long finger seat of the palm-type manipulator of the parallel mechanism of the present invention.
- Figure 19 is a front elevational view of the rotary seat of the palm-type manipulator of the parallel mechanism of the present invention.
- Figure 20 is a front elevational view of the drive link components of the parallel-hand palm manipulator of the present invention.
- Figure 21 is a top plan view of the drive link member of the parallel type hand palm manipulator of the present invention.
- Fig. 22 is a front elevational view of the leaf spring curved finger of the parallel type palm hand manipulator of the present invention.
- Figure 23 is a left side view of the leaf spring curved finger of the parallel type palm hand manipulator of the present invention.
- Figure 24 is a simplified schematic view of the structure of a palm-type manipulator of a parallel mechanism according to the present invention.
- 25 is a simplified schematic diagram of a three-finger grasping large rectangle of a palm-type manipulator of a parallel mechanism according to the present invention.
- FIG. 26 is a simplified schematic diagram of a three-finger grasping small rectangle of a palm-type manipulator of a parallel mechanism according to the present invention.
- Fig. 27 is a simplified schematic diagram of the three-finger grasping small circle of the palm-type manipulator of the parallel mechanism of the present invention.
- FIG. 28 is a simplified schematic diagram of a three-finger grasping large circle of a palm-type manipulator of a parallel mechanism according to the present invention.
- 29 is a simplified schematic diagram of an elliptical shape in which a three-finger grasping of a palm-type manipulator of a parallel mechanism of the present invention captures a large aspect ratio.
- Fig. 30 is a simplified schematic diagram of the elliptical shape of the three-finger grasping of the palm-type manipulator of the parallel mechanism of the present invention.
- FIG. 31 is a simplified schematic diagram of a two-finger grasping large rectangle of a palm-type manipulator of a parallel mechanism according to the present invention.
- FIG. 32 is a simplified schematic diagram of a two-finger grasping small rectangle of a palm-type manipulator of a parallel mechanism according to the present invention.
- Figure 33 is a simplified schematic diagram of the eccentricity of the palm-type manipulator crank of the parallel mechanism of the present invention.
- Figure 34 is a simplified schematic diagram of the asymmetrical state of the palm-type manipulator crank of the parallel mechanism of the present invention.
- the structure of the parallel type palm hand manipulator of the present invention is simplified to the mechanism schematic.
- the double-acting crank slider parallel mechanism palm-type manipulator of the finger displacement and indexing of the invention is implemented, in addition to the screw stepping motor 13 and the stepping motor 23 with the worm wheel reducer cooperatively controlling the grasping object, by manual Adjustment, can be changed: 1 crank eccentricity, 2 left and right side cranks relative to the linear axis of the linear guide 3 axis, 3 cranks two fingers on the two links respectively, 4 two fingers in the two links
- the following are just some of the implementations:
- Embodiment 1 is that the five manual paths are not used, and only through the cooperative control of two stepping motors, as shown in FIG. 25, the parallel mechanism of the palm-type manipulator of the present invention grasps the large rectangle.
- the gripping effect is as shown in FIG. 26, which is a gripping effect of the three-finger grasping small rectangle of the parallel robot hand of the parallel mechanism of the present invention; as shown in FIG. 27, the parallel mechanism of the palm-type manipulator of the present invention is small.
- the circular gripping effect as shown in FIG. 28, the gripping effect of the three-finger grasping large round of the palm-type manipulator of the parallel mechanism of the present invention; as shown in FIG.
- the parallel mechanism palm-type manipulator of the present invention is three It refers to grasping the elliptical gripping effect with large aspect ratio; as shown in Fig. 30, the three-finger hand gripping robot of the parallel mechanism of the present invention grasps the elliptical gripping effect with small aspect ratio.
- the second embodiment is: manual adjustment, the short finger holder 18 and the middle finger holder 38 on the left and right side links are rotated in the opposite direction by the same angle, as shown in FIG. 31, which is the parallel mechanism of the palm type robot in the parallel mechanism of the present invention.
- the gripping effect of the rectangle as shown in FIG. 32, the gripping effect of the two-finger gripping small rectangle of the parallel robot hand of the parallel mechanism of the present invention.
- the third embodiment is: manual adjustment, the eccentricity of the two cranks is different, as shown in FIG. 33, which is a simplified schematic diagram of the eccentricity of the palm-type manipulator crank of the parallel mechanism of the present invention, which can realize the grasping of the asymmetric object. .
- the fourth embodiment is: manual adjustment, the asymmetry of the two cranks with respect to the axial line of the linear guide 3, as shown in FIG. 34, is a simplified schematic diagram of the asymmetrical state of the palm-type manipulator crank of the parallel mechanism of the present invention, which can realize no Grab the rule object.
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Abstract
手指变位并转位的双驱动曲柄滑块并联机构手掌式机械手,左侧的曲柄滑块机构是主动驱动结构,由两个步进电机(13,23)分别驱动,产生曲柄(21)角位移和改变连杆(17,39)的长度;右侧的曲柄滑块机构是从动机构,通过一对齿轮(24,32)等速地传动,左侧曲柄(21)与右侧曲柄(21)的转动角位移相等;机械手有三个板弹簧手指(19),两个手指(19)分别安装在左右侧的连杆(17,39)上,通过两个步进电机(13,23)协同作用;通过手动调节,可以改变曲柄(21)偏心距、两个手指(19)分别在两个连杆(17,39)上的位置和角度,以及另一个固定手指(19)的位置;夹紧抓取动力也是靠两个步进电机(13,23)驱动,由于自锁,两个步进电机(13,23)在抓持过程中可以断电。该机械手具有操作空间大、适应性广、能耗低等优点。
Description
本发明手指变位并转位的双驱动曲柄滑块并联机构手掌式机械手,左侧的曲柄滑块机构是主动驱动结构,由两个步进电机分别驱动,产生曲柄角位移和改变连杆的长度;右侧的曲柄滑块机构是从动机构,通过一对齿轮等速地传动,左侧曲柄与右侧曲柄的转动角位移相等;机械手有三个板弹簧手指,其中两个手指分别安装在左右侧的连杆上,通过两个步进电机的协同作用;通过手动调节,可以改变曲柄偏心距、两个手指分别在两个连杆上的位置和角度,以及另一个固定手指的位置。本发明机械手的夹紧抓取动力也是靠两个步进电机驱动,由于自锁两个步进电机在抓持过程中可以断电。本发明机械手具有操作空间大、适应性广、能耗低等优点,属于物流输送装备、机械手和机器人领域。
目前除了成本高昂、装有很多传感器的拟人灵巧手之外,普通机械要么只能控制手指的中心距、抓取大小直径的圆形或球形物体,要么控制手指转位,从抓取圆形或球形物体转变到抓取长方形物体,手指既可改变位置、又可转动角度的机械手还没有报道。
本发明克服了上述缺陷,从改变手掌形状的角度设计机械手,根据并联机构作用空间大的特点,采用了最为简单的曲柄滑块机构,选用了三个相同的柔性的板弹簧手指,其中一个手指不动,另外两个手指既不是转动、也不是移动,而是既转动又移动的平动运动。手指可以是气压驱动抓取物体,而本发明机械手的夹紧抓取动力也是靠两个步进电机驱动,由于自锁两个步进电机在抓持过程中可以断电。
如附图1-23所示,本发明手指变位并转位的双驱动曲柄滑块并联机构手掌式机械手,由底板1、导轨支座2、直线导轨3、安装板4、直线轴承5、移动座6、转动座7、铰链轴8、轴承9、耐磨垫圈10、转动导杆11、开口销12、丝杆步进电机13、导柱14、丝杠螺母15、法兰直线轴承16、驱动连杆17、短手指座18、板弹簧曲面手指19、曲柄连杆销轴20、开槽曲柄21、齿轮盖板22、带蜗轮减速器步进电机23、齿轮24、平键25、驱动轴26、长套筒27、带座轴承28、短套筒29、从动轴30、厚套筒31、锥孔齿轮32、锥套33、扁圆螺母34、小带座轴承35、导向螺柱36、长手指座37、中手指座38、从动连杆39组成。
如附图1-3所示,本发明手指变位并转位的双驱动曲柄滑块并联机构手掌式机械手中,直线导轨3的两端由两个导轨支座2固定,两个导轨支座2安装在底板1上,安装板4的两端各自固定在两个导轨支座2上,安装板4有不同位置的孔系与机器人本体相联结,孔系尺寸对应于机器人本体,为适应不同的被抓持物体的重心、不同位置的孔系便于调整联结;直线轴承5穿过直线导轨3而移动,移动座6固定在直线轴承5上,铰链轴8靠螺母固定在移动座6上,铰链轴8上装有轴承9,铰链轴8上的轴肩面与轴承9的内圈接触,轴承9的外圈上装有转动座7,被抓持物体产生轴向的重力由转动座7传递到轴承9的外圈上;在转动导杆11和轴承9的内圈之间有耐磨垫圈10,螺母和转动导杆11之间也有耐磨垫圈10,螺母拧紧在铰链轴8上,限制了轴承9、耐磨垫圈10、转动导杆11轴向移动,但螺纹长度保证了有轴向间隙、从而保证了轴承9、转动导杆11可以相对转动,螺母拧紧后用开口销12防松;
丝杆步进电机13用来控制曲柄滑块机构中连杆的长度,与驱动曲柄转动的带蜗轮减速器步进电机23协同控制,构成了双驱动的并联机构,丝杆步进电机13中的丝杆螺母结构和带蜗轮减速器步进电机23的蜗轮减速器起到自锁作用,抓持过程中可以断电、节省能源;比丝杆步进电机13功率大的带蜗轮减速器步进电机23主要驱动夹持物体;
丝杆步进电机13固定在转动座7上,转动座7上螺母固定有与丝杆步进电机13的丝杠同面且平行的导柱14,导柱14的螺纹端有一段圆柱面,与转动座7上对应孔的装配关系是小间隙和小过盈配合;L形的驱动连杆17的垂直面上对应地装有丝杠螺母15和法兰直线轴承16,驱动连杆17的水平面上开有腰形槽,腰形槽的宽度与短手指座18螺纹端的一段圆柱面直径是间隙配合关系,短手指座18可以在驱动连杆17的腰形槽任意位置、且短手指座18可以相对驱动连杆17转动任意角度,再用螺母固定在驱动连杆17上,短手指座18上装有板弹簧曲面手指19,板弹簧曲面手指19指尖曲面部位用于捏取方式抓取、中间曲面部位用于包络方式抓取;
开槽曲柄21上同轴心线地铣削加工了两层宽窄不同的腰形槽,用来手工调节曲柄的偏心距,曲柄连杆销轴20的圆柱面与驱动连杆17上孔之间是转动间隙配合,曲柄连杆销轴20的圆柱面的直径还与开槽曲柄21上的宽腰形槽的宽度之间是间隙配合,细腰形槽的宽度比曲柄连杆销轴20的螺纹直径略大,螺母紧固将曲柄连杆销轴20螺纹根部的轴肩面与宽窄腰形槽间的台阶面压紧,并保证驱动连杆17在柄连杆销轴20中转动的轴心间隙;
主动的开槽曲柄21的另一端套在驱动轴26上,靠螺钉紧固在驱动轴26一端的削扁面上,传递驱动轴26转动扭矩;驱动轴26装有开槽曲柄21、长套筒27、两个带座轴承28、短套筒29、齿轮24,驱动轴26另一端的削扁圆柱段间隙配合地插进带蜗轮减速器步进电机23驱动轴的孔内,带蜗轮减速器步进电机23通过所述削扁圆柱段传递扭矩到驱动轴26,驱动轴26上的平键25将扭矩传递到齿轮24上;修磨长套筒27、短套筒29的轴心尺寸,可调节齿轮24的轴向位置;一个带座轴承28固定在齿轮盖板22上,被抓持物体产生轴向的重力由驱动轴26的轴肩面传递到这个带座轴承28的内圈承受,同轴心线的另一个带座轴承28固定在底板1,齿轮盖板22由两个导向螺柱36和底板1联结成整体结构,导向螺柱36两端均为与相应孔间隙配合的圆柱面,再用螺母拧紧而不是导向螺柱36旋紧在底板1和齿轮盖板22上;
从动轴30由带座轴承28和小带座轴承35支撑,带座轴承28和小带座轴承35分别固定在齿轮盖板22和底板1上,轴向由从动轴30的轴肩面、厚套筒31、锥孔齿轮32、锥套33,扁圆螺母34构成转动体;齿轮24与锥孔齿轮32啮合,锥孔齿轮32孔内有锥套33,旋紧扁圆螺母34,从而通过圆锥接触面的斜锲作用,将扭矩传递到从动轴30上;从动的开槽曲柄21的另一端套从动轴30上,靠螺钉紧固在从动轴30一端的削扁面上,从动轴30转动扭矩再传递给从动的开槽曲柄21;反向拧松扁圆螺母34,锥孔齿轮32和锥套33脱开,可以调节主动的开槽曲柄21和从动的开槽曲柄21之间的相位角,亦即:主动的开槽曲柄21和从动的开槽曲柄21可以在水平面方向对称,也可以不对称;
如附图2、3所示,本发明所述双驱动曲柄滑块并联机构手掌式机械手左侧是主动的曲柄滑块机构、右侧是从动的曲柄滑块机构,转动导杆11位于右侧,转动导杆11和右侧的从动连杆39等效于从动的曲柄滑块机构的可变长度连杆;主动的开槽曲柄21和从动的开槽曲柄21同时动力传动的目的是为了保证转动导杆11在右侧的从动连杆39上的法兰直线轴承16导向下既能转动、同时又能移动,而不会卡死;
长手指座37的宽度与底板1上宽腰形槽的宽度之间形成间隙配合关系,长手指座37的螺纹段穿过底板1上窄腰形槽、用螺母固定,因此长手指座37可以在底板1上腰形槽中调整位置,长手指座37上也安装一个板弹簧曲面手指19;右侧的驱动连杆17的水平面上开有腰形槽,腰形槽的宽度与中手指座38螺纹端的一段圆柱面直径是间隙配合关系,中手指座38可以在右侧驱动连杆17的腰形槽任意位置、且中手指座38可以相对驱动连杆17转动任意角度,再用螺母固定在驱动连杆17,中手指座38上装有板弹簧曲面手指19;所有三个弹簧曲面手指19的结构和尺寸完全相同,本发明所述双驱动曲柄滑块并联机构手掌式机械手的结构须保证短手指座18、中手指座38、长手指座37三者安装板弹簧曲面手指19的平面共面。
①形状的适应性:两步进电机的驱动协同,对于长方形、圆形、椭圆形、梯形等形状适应性好。
②尺寸适应性:机械手有三个手指,通过手动调节,可以改变曲柄偏心距、两个手指分别在两个连杆上的位置和角度,以及另一个固定手指的位置,尺寸适应性好。
③操作灵活性:三指抓取时,固定手指接触面对称线是机械手的定位坐标原点;两个运动手指手工转动后,两指抓取时,机械手的定位坐标原点是这两个接触面对称线。
④抓取敏捷性:连杆驱动步进电机主要起定位作用,曲柄驱动步进电机主要起抓持作用,曲柄转动角位移迅速。
⑤使用节能性:曲柄转动采用蜗轮蜗杆机构减速器自锁,连杆长度调整运动采用丝杠螺母机构自锁,抓持过程中两驱动步进电机断电。
图1为本发明并联机构手掌式机械手的A-A剖视展开图。
图2为本发明并联机构手掌式机械手的主视图。
图3为本发明并联机构手掌式机械手的B-B剖视展开图。
图4为本发明并联机构手掌式机械手的底板零件主视图。
图5为本发明并联机构手掌式机械手的铰链轴零件主视图。
图6为本发明并联机构手掌式机械手的驱动轴零件主视图。
图7为本发明并联机构手掌式机械手的从动轴零件主视图。
图8为本发明并联机构手掌式机械手的转动导杆零件右视图。
图9为本发明并联机构手掌式机械手的转动导杆零件主视图。
图10为本发明并联机构手掌式机械手的短手指座零件右视图。
图11为本发明并联机构手掌式机械手的短手指座零件主视图。
图12为本发明并联机构手掌式机械手的短手指座零件左视图。
图13为本发明并联机构手掌式机械手的中手指座零件右视图。
图14为本发明并联机构手掌式机械手的中手指座零件主视图。
图15为本发明并联机构手掌式机械手的中手指座零件左视图。
图16为本发明并联机构手掌式机械手的长手指座零件右视图。
图17为本发明并联机构手掌式机械手的长手指座零件主视图。
图18为本发明并联机构手掌式机械手的长手指座零件左视图。
图19为本发明并联机构手掌式机械手的转动座零件主视图。
图20为本发明并联机构手掌式机械手的驱动连杆零件主视图。
图21为本发明并联机构手掌式机械手的驱动连杆零件俯视图。
图22为本发明并联机构手掌式机械手的板弹簧曲面手指主视图。
图23为本发明并联机构手掌式机械手的板弹簧曲面手指左视图。
图24为本发明并联机构手掌式机械手的结构简化原理图。
图25为本发明并联机构手掌式机械手三指抓取大矩形的简化原理图。
图26为本发明并联机构手掌式机械手三指抓取小矩形的简化原理图。
图27为本发明并联机构手掌式机械手三指抓取小圆形的简化原理图。
图28为本发明并联机构手掌式机械手三指抓取大圆形的简化原理图。
图29为本发明并联机构手掌式机械手三指抓取长径比大的椭圆形的简化原理图。
图30为本发明并联机构手掌式机械手三指抓取长径比小的椭圆形的简化原理图。
图31为本发明并联机构手掌式机械手二指抓取大矩形的简化原理图。
图32为本发明并联机构手掌式机械手二指抓取小矩形的简化原理图。
图33为本发明并联机构手掌式机械手曲柄偏心距不等状态的简化原理图。
图34为本发明并联机构手掌式机械手曲柄不对称状态的简化原理图。
其中:1、底板;2、导轨支座;3、直线导轨;4、安装板;5、直线轴承;6、移动座;7、转动座;8、铰链轴;9、轴承;10、耐磨垫圈;11、转动导杆;12、开口销;13、丝杆步进电机;14、导柱;15、丝杠螺母;16、法兰直线轴承;17、驱动连杆;18、短手指座;19、板弹簧曲面手指;20、曲柄连杆销轴;21、开槽曲柄;22、齿轮盖板;23、带蜗轮减速器步进电机;24、齿轮;25、平键;26、驱动轴;27、长套筒;28、带座轴承;29、短套筒;30、从动轴;31、厚套筒;32、锥孔齿轮;33、锥套;34、扁圆螺母;35、小带座轴承;36、导向螺柱;37、长手指座;38、中手指座;39、从动连杆。
如附图24所示,本发明并联机构手掌式机械手的结构简化为机构原理图。本发明手指变位并转位的双驱动曲柄滑块并联机构手掌式机械手,实施过程中,除了丝杆步进电机13和带蜗轮减速器步进电机23协同控制抓取物体之外,通过手动调节,可以改变:①曲柄偏心距、②左右侧曲柄相对直线导轨3轴心线的不对称程度、③曲柄两个手指分别在两个连杆上的位置、④两个手指分别在两个连杆上的角度、⑤以及另一个固定手指的位置,共五种手工调整途径;这五种途径可以单独改变,也可以以任何组合方式改变,形成具体实施方式。下面所列举的只是其中部分的实施方式:
实施方式一是五种手动途径均不采用情况下,仅通过两个步进电机的协同控制,可以实现:如附图25所示,为本发明并联机构手掌式机械手三指抓取大矩形的抓持效果;如附图26所示,为本发明并联机构手掌式机械手三指抓取小矩形的抓持效果;如附图27所示,为本发明并联机构手掌式机械手三指抓取小圆形的抓持效果;如附图28所示,为本发明并联机构手掌式机械手三指抓取大圆形的抓持效果;如附图29所示,为本发明并联机构手掌式机械手三指抓取长径比大的椭圆形的抓持效果;如附图30所示,为本发明并联机构手掌式机械手三指抓取长径比小的椭圆形的抓持效果。
实施方式二是:手工调节,左右侧连杆上的短手指座18和中手指座38相反方向转动了相同角度,如附图31所示,为本发明并联机构手掌式机械手二指抓取大矩形的抓持效果;如附图32所示,为本发明并联机构手掌式机械手二指抓取小矩形的抓持效果。
实施方式三是:手工调节,两个曲柄的偏心距不同,如附图33所示,为本发明并联机构手掌式机械手曲柄偏心距不等状态的简化原理图,可以实现不对称物体的抓取。
实施方式四是:手工调节,两个曲柄相对直线导轨3轴心线的不对称,如附图34所示,为本发明并联机构手掌式机械手曲柄不对称状态的简化原理图,,可以实现不规则物体的抓取。
以上描述是对本发明的解释,不是对本发明的限定,本发明所限定的范围参见权利要求。可以理解,本领域技术人员在不脱离本发明的基本构思的前提下直接导出或联想到的其他改进和变化,均应认为包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (1)
- 手指变位并转位的双驱动曲柄滑块并联机构手掌式机械手,其特征是:直线导轨(3)的两端由两个导轨支座(2)固定,两个导轨支座(2)安装在底板(1)上,安装板(4)的两端各自固定在两个导轨支座(2)上,安装板(4)有不同位置的孔系与机器人本体相联结,孔系尺寸对应于机器人本体,为适应不同的被抓持物体的重心、不同位置的孔系便于调整联结;直线轴承(5)穿过直线导轨(3)而移动,移动座(6)固定在直线轴承(5)上,铰链轴(8)靠螺母固定在移动座(6)上,铰链轴(8)上装有轴承(9),铰链轴(8)上的轴肩面与轴承(9)的内圈接触,轴承(9)的外圈上装有转动座(7),被抓持物体产生轴向的重力由转动座(7)传递到轴承(9)的外圈上;在转动导杆(11)和轴承(9)的内圈之间有耐磨垫圈(10),螺母和转动导杆(11)之间也有耐磨垫圈(10),螺母拧紧在铰链轴(8)上,限制了轴承(9)、耐磨垫圈(10)、转动导杆(11)轴向移动,但螺纹长度保证了有轴向间隙、从而保证了轴承(9)、转动导杆(11)可以相对转动,螺母拧紧后用开口销(12)防松;丝杆步进电机(13)用来控制曲柄滑块机构中连杆的长度,与驱动曲柄转动的带蜗轮减速器步进电机(23)协同控制,构成了双驱动的并联机构,丝杆步进电机(13)中的丝杆螺母结构和带蜗轮减速器步进电机(23)的蜗轮减速器起到自锁作用,抓持过程中可以断电、节省能源;比丝杆步进电机(13)功率大的带蜗轮减速器步进电机(23)主要驱动夹持物体;丝杆步进电机(13)固定在转动座(7)上,转动座(7)上螺母固定有与丝杆步进电机(13)的丝杠同面且平行的导柱(14),导柱(14)的螺纹端有一段圆柱面,与转动座(7)上对应孔的装配关系是小间隙和小过盈配合;L形的驱动连杆(17)的垂直面上对应地装有丝杠螺母(15)和法兰直线轴承(16),驱动连杆(17)的水平面上开有腰形槽,腰形槽的宽度与短手指座(18)螺纹端的一段圆柱面直径是间隙配合关系,短手指座(18)可以在驱动连杆(17)的腰形槽任意位置、且短手指座(18)可以相对驱动连杆(17)转动任意角度,再用螺母固定在驱动连杆(17)上,短手指座(18)上装有板弹簧曲面手指(19),板弹簧曲面手指(19)指尖曲面部位用于捏取方式抓取、中间曲面部位用于包络方式抓取;开槽曲柄(21)上同轴心线地铣削加工了两层宽窄不同的腰形槽,用来手工调节曲柄的偏心距,曲柄连杆销轴(20)的圆柱面与驱动连杆(17)上孔之间是转动间隙配合,曲柄连杆销轴(20)的圆柱面的直径还与开槽曲柄(21)上的宽腰形槽的宽度之间是间隙配合,细腰形槽的宽度比曲柄连杆销轴(20)的螺纹直径略大,螺母紧固将曲柄连杆销轴(20)螺纹根部的轴肩面与宽窄腰形槽间的台阶面压紧,并保证驱动连杆(17)在柄连杆销轴(20)中转动的轴心间隙;主动的开槽曲柄(21)的另一端套在驱动轴(26)上,靠螺钉紧固在驱动轴(26)一端的削扁面上,传递驱动轴(26)转动扭矩;驱动轴(26)装有开槽曲柄(21)、长套筒(27)、两个带座轴承(28)、短套筒(29)、齿轮(24),驱动轴(26)另一端的削扁圆柱段间隙配合地插进带蜗轮减速器步进电机(23)驱动轴的孔内,带蜗轮减速器步进电机(23)通过所述削扁圆柱段传递扭矩到驱动轴(26),驱动轴(26)上的平键(25)将扭矩传递到齿轮(24)上;通过修磨长套筒(27)、短套筒(29)的轴心尺寸,可调节齿轮(24)的轴向位置;一个带座轴承(28)固定在齿轮盖板(22)上,被抓持物体产生轴向的重力由驱动轴(26)的轴肩面传递到带座轴承(28)的内圈承受,同轴心线的另一个带座轴承(28)固定在底板(1),齿轮盖板(22)由两个导向螺柱(36)和底板(1)联结成整体结构,导向螺柱(36)两端均为与相应孔间隙配合的圆柱面,再用螺母拧紧而不是导向螺柱(36)旋紧在底板(1)和齿轮盖板(22)上;从动轴(30)由带座轴承(28)和小带座轴承(35)支撑,带座轴承(28)和小带座轴承(35)分别固定在齿轮盖板(22)和底板(1)上,轴向由从动轴(30)的轴肩面、厚套筒(31)、锥孔齿轮(32)、锥套(33),扁圆螺母(34)构成转动体;齿轮(24)与锥孔齿轮(32)啮合,锥孔齿轮(32)孔内有锥套(33),旋紧扁圆螺母(34),从而通过圆锥接触面的斜锲作用,将扭矩传递到从动轴(30)上;从动的开槽曲柄(21)的另一端套从动轴(30)上,靠螺钉紧固在从动轴(30)一端的削扁面上,从动轴(30)转动扭矩再传递给从动的开槽曲柄(21);反向拧松扁圆螺母(34),锥孔齿轮(32)和锥套(33)脱开,可以调节主动的开槽曲柄(21)和从动的开槽曲柄(21)之间的相位角,亦即:主动的开槽曲柄(21)和从动的开槽曲柄(21)可以在水平面方向对称,也可以不对称;所述双驱动曲柄滑块并联机构手掌式机械手左侧是主动的曲柄滑块机构、右侧是从动的曲柄滑块机构,转动导杆(11)位于右侧,转动导杆(11)和右侧的从动连杆(39)等效于从动的曲柄滑块机构的可变长度连杆;主动的开槽曲柄(21)和从动的开槽曲柄(21)同时动力传动的目的是为了保证转动导杆(11)在右侧的从动连杆(39)上的法兰直线轴承(16)导向下既能转动、同时又能移动,而不会卡死;长手指座(37)的宽度与底板(1)上宽腰形槽的宽度之间形成间隙配合关系,长手指座(37)的螺纹段穿过底板(1)上窄腰形槽、用螺母固定,因此长手指座(37)可以在底板(1)上腰形槽中调整位置,长手指座(37)上也安装一个板弹簧曲面手指(19);右侧的驱动连杆(17)的水平面上开有腰形槽,腰形槽的宽度与中手指座(38)螺纹端的一段圆柱面直径是间隙配合关系,中手指座(38)可以在右侧驱动连杆(17)的腰形槽任意位置、且中手指座(38)可以相对驱动连杆(17)转动任意角度,再用螺母固定在驱动连杆(17),中手指座(38)上装有板弹簧曲面手指(19);所有三个弹簧曲面手指(19)的结构和尺寸完全相同,且须保证短手指座(18)、中手指座(38)、长手指座(37)三者安装板弹簧曲面手指(19)的平面共面。
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CN114770579A (zh) * | 2022-06-07 | 2022-07-22 | 方港澳 | 一种基于智能制造的工业机械夹送设备 |
CN115043212B (zh) * | 2022-06-22 | 2023-08-01 | 江南大学 | 一种适用于多操作对象的机械手及操作方法 |
CN115043212A (zh) * | 2022-06-22 | 2022-09-13 | 江南大学 | 一种适用于多操作对象的机械手及操作方法 |
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CN106826798B (zh) | 2019-03-08 |
US20190366561A1 (en) | 2019-12-05 |
CN106826798A (zh) | 2017-06-13 |
US10688670B2 (en) | 2020-06-23 |
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