WO2018171270A1 - 显示面板、显示装置及驱动方法 - Google Patents

显示面板、显示装置及驱动方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018171270A1
WO2018171270A1 PCT/CN2017/116647 CN2017116647W WO2018171270A1 WO 2018171270 A1 WO2018171270 A1 WO 2018171270A1 CN 2017116647 W CN2017116647 W CN 2017116647W WO 2018171270 A1 WO2018171270 A1 WO 2018171270A1
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Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
black matrix
crystal layer
substrate
display panel
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PCT/CN2017/116647
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
朱劲野
赵文卿
王海燕
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京东方科技集团股份有限公司
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Priority to US16/064,637 priority Critical patent/US10678086B2/en
Publication of WO2018171270A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018171270A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133509—Filters, e.g. light shielding masks
    • G02F1/133512—Light shielding layers, e.g. black matrix
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
    • G02B3/12—Fluid-filled or evacuated lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/003—Light absorbing elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/13306—Circuit arrangements or driving methods for the control of single liquid crystal cells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133509—Filters, e.g. light shielding masks
    • G02F1/133514—Colour filters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133526—Lenses, e.g. microlenses or Fresnel lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/19—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on variable-reflection or variable-refraction elements not provided for in groups G02F1/015 - G02F1/169
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/29—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/13356—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors characterised by the placement of the optical elements
    • G02F1/133565—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors characterised by the placement of the optical elements inside the LC elements, i.e. between the cell substrates
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/29—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection
    • G02F1/291—Two-dimensional analogue deflection

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a display panel, a display device, and a driving method.
  • the current LCD includes a backlight, an array substrate, and a color filter substrate.
  • a liquid crystal layer is disposed between the array substrate and the color filter substrate, and a thin film transistor array is disposed on the array substrate, and each thin film transistor corresponds to one sub-transistor.
  • Polarizers are respectively disposed on the outer sides of the array substrate and the color filter substrate, and polarization directions of the two polarizers are perpendicular to each other. Generally, after a polarizer, the light energy will be lost by about 40%. In the existing LCD, the light emitted by the backlight passes through two polarizers on the display panel, and the light energy loss is more than 80%, and the light energy utilization rate is low. .
  • liquid crystal molecules to form an ordinary liquid crystal lens to improve the utilization of light, by controlling the deflection of liquid crystal molecules to change the direction of light emission, enhance the use efficiency of light and luminous efficiency.
  • the liquid crystal lens is formed by liquid crystal molecules, and it is necessary to ensure that the liquid crystal layer has a certain thickness, so that the thickness of the liquid crystal cell is large, which is contrary to the trend that the display panel is light and thin.
  • At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a display panel including a first substrate, a second substrate, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, the display panel further including: a first black a matrix disposed on a side of the first substrate adjacent to the liquid crystal layer; a second black matrix disposed on a side of the second substrate away from the liquid crystal layer, the second black matrix being at the first The sum of the orthographic projection on the substrate and the orthographic projection of the first black matrix on the first substrate completely covers the first substrate.
  • the display panel further includes an optical device at least partially located in the liquid crystal layer and located in a hollow region formed by the first black matrix, configured to be on both sides of the liquid crystal layer When there is a voltage difference, the incident light is refracted, and the refracted light is emitted from the interval between the adjacent second black matrices.
  • the optical device is further configured to: when the voltage difference between the two sides of the liquid crystal layer is 0, cause the light incident on the hollow region of the first black matrix to be Two black matrix occlusions.
  • the first black matrix is in a grid shape
  • the hollow regions of the first black matrix are rectangular or circular and are distributed in an array
  • the second black matrix is disposed to correspond to the
  • the hollow region of the first black matrix has the same shape as the hollow region of the first black matrix.
  • the display panel further includes a third black matrix disposed on a side of the second substrate away from the liquid crystal layer, wherein the third black matrix is in the An orthographic projection on a substrate and an orthographic projection of the second black matrix on the first substrate; the optical device is further configured to have a voltage difference on both sides of the liquid crystal layer, The incident ray is refracted, and the refracted ray is emitted from an interval between the adjacent second black matrix and the third black matrix.
  • the third black matrix has a grid shape, and the hollow region of the third black matrix has a rectangular shape in a hollow region of the first black matrix, or
  • the hollow area of the third black matrix is a ring when the hollow area of the first black matrix is circular, and the third black matrix is concentrically arranged with the second black matrix.
  • the optical device is a liquid crystal Fresnel lens
  • the display panel further includes a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are disposed on the liquid crystal layer
  • the different sides are configured to apply a voltage to the liquid crystal layer to drive liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer to form the liquid crystal Fresnel lens.
  • the optical device includes a solid Fresnel lens and a liquid crystal lens, and the solid Fresnel lens is disposed on the first substrate for refracting a pair incident on the display panel The light is refracted and the refracted light is incident on the liquid crystal lens.
  • the display panel further includes a first electrode and a second electrode, the first electrode and the second electrode being disposed on different sides of the liquid crystal layer and configured to apply a voltage to the liquid crystal layer to drive the liquid crystal layer
  • the liquid crystal molecules therein form the liquid crystal lens, and the liquid crystal lens is configured to refract light refracted by the solid Fresnel lens, and refract the ray from the second black matrix and The interval between the adjacent third black matrices exits.
  • the solid Fresnel lens is disposed on a light exiting side or a light incident side of the first substrate.
  • the optical device is further configured to: when the voltage difference between the two sides of the liquid crystal layer is 0, cause the light incident on the hollow region formed by the first black matrix to be Two black matrix occlusions.
  • At least one embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a display device including the display panel as described above.
  • At least one embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a driving method suitable for driving the above display panel, including:
  • the method further includes:
  • the optical device is a liquid crystal Fresnel lens, and applying different voltages to both sides of the liquid crystal layer includes:
  • a voltage having a voltage difference of less than 20 V is applied to both sides of the liquid crystal layer to drive liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer to form the liquid crystal Fresnel lens.
  • the optical device includes a solid Fresnel lens and a liquid crystal lens, and applying different voltages to both sides of the liquid crystal layer includes:
  • a voltage having a voltage difference of less than 10 V is applied to both sides of the liquid crystal layer to drive liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer to form the liquid crystal lens.
  • the driving method further includes:
  • FIG. 1a is a schematic diagram of an optical path of a display panel according to Embodiment 1 of the present disclosure at L0;
  • FIG. 1b is a schematic diagram of an optical path of a display panel according to Embodiment 1 of the present disclosure at L255;
  • FIG. 1c to 1f illustrate structural views of electrodes disposed on a display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2a is a schematic diagram of a display panel at L0 according to Embodiment 2 of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2b is a schematic view of a display panel according to Embodiment 2 of the present disclosure at L255;
  • FIG. 3a is a schematic structural diagram of a black matrix according to Embodiments 1 and 2 of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 3b is a second structural diagram of a black matrix according to Embodiments 1 and 2 of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 3a A schematic structural view of each of the black matrices shown in Fig. 3a is shown in Figs. 4a-1 to 4a-3.
  • FIG. 1a is a schematic diagram of an optical path when the display panel provided in Embodiment 1 is at L0, that is, when the voltage difference between the two sides of the liquid crystal layer 3 is zero.
  • FIG. 1b is a schematic diagram of an optical path of the display panel provided by Embodiment 1 when the gray scale is 255.
  • the display panel includes a first substrate 1 and a second substrate 2 and is disposed on the first substrate 1 and the second The liquid crystal layer 3 between the substrates 2, wherein the first substrate 1 may be an array substrate, and the second substrate 2 may be a color filter substrate.
  • the first black matrix 4 is disposed on a side of the first substrate 1 adjacent to the liquid crystal layer 3, that is, the first black matrix 4 is disposed on the light exiting side of the first substrate 1.
  • the second black matrix 5 is disposed on a side of the second substrate 2 away from the liquid crystal layer 3, that is, the second black matrix 5 is disposed on the light exiting side of the second substrate 2.
  • the second black matrix 5 is spaced apart from the first black matrix 4.
  • the sum of the orthographic projection of the second black matrix 5 on the first substrate 1 and the orthographic projection of the first black matrix 4 on the first substrate 1 can completely cover the entire first substrate 1.
  • the orthographic projection of the second black matrix 5 on the first substrate 1 may partially overlap with the orthographic projection of the first black matrix 4 on the first substrate 1, or may not overlap. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, it is considered that an opening of the second black matrix 5 on the first substrate 1 may overlap the opening of the display panel when the front projection of the first black matrix 4 on the first substrate overlaps.
  • the orthographic projection of the second black matrix 5 on the first substrate 1 is adjacent to the orthogonal projection of the first black matrix 4 on the first substrate but does not overlap, such that the second black matrix 5 is positive on the first substrate 1.
  • the sum of the projection and the orthographic projection of the first black matrix 4 on the first substrate 1 can completely cover the entire first substrate 1.
  • the display panel further includes an optical device at least partially located in the liquid crystal layer 3 and located in a hollow region (ie, an opening region) formed by the first black matrix 4, and configured to be in the liquid crystal layer 3.
  • an optical device can change the exit angle of the refracted light according to the change of the voltage difference on both sides of the liquid crystal layer 3, thereby realizing the change of the gray scale of the display panel.
  • the display panel further includes a polarizer 7.
  • the polarizer 7 is located on the light incident side of the first substrate 1, and a wire grid polarizer (WGP) may be selected.
  • WGP wire grid polarizer
  • the first black matrix 4 is disposed on the light emitting side of the array substrate (ie, the first substrate 1)
  • the second black matrix 5 is disposed on the light emitting side of the color filter substrate (ie, the second substrate 2).
  • the black matrix 4 and the second black matrix 5 are spaced apart, and by providing an optical device at least partially located in the liquid crystal layer 3, when the liquid crystal layer 3 has a voltage difference on both sides, the optical device can change the light transmission direction and expand the incident.
  • the exit angle of the light that is, the incident light is refracted, and the refracted light is emitted from the adjacent second black matrix 5 on the second substrate 2.
  • the gray scale change of the display panel can be controlled by controlling the voltage difference between the two sides of the liquid crystal layer 3 (how to control the gray scale will be described below), on the one hand, it is not necessary to provide a polarizer on the outer side of the color filter substrate. And thus less light Loss, improve light energy utilization and luminous efficiency; on the other hand, the optical device can at least partially achieve the effect of the liquid crystal lens, which reduces the liquid crystal to some extent compared to the scheme that completely relies on the liquid crystal lens to change the light direction.
  • the thickness of the case makes it possible to achieve both luminous efficiency and thickness of the liquid crystal cell.
  • the optical device is further configured such that when the voltage difference between the two sides of the liquid crystal layer 3 is 0 (ie, L0), the light incident on the hollow region formed by the first black matrix 4 is The second black matrix 5 is occluded. That is, no voltage is applied to both sides of the liquid crystal layer 3, or when the same voltage is applied, the light refracted by the optical device is incident on the second substrate 2, and is completely blocked by the second black matrix 5.
  • the display panel is all black.
  • the A three-black matrix that isolates adjacent sub-pixels.
  • a third black matrix 6 is further disposed on a side of the second substrate 2 away from the liquid crystal layer 3.
  • the third black matrix 6 is disposed in the interval of the adjacent second black matrix 5 and does not
  • the second black matrix 5 is in contact, that is, there is a gap between the orthographic projection of the third black matrix 6 on the first substrate 1 and the orthographic projection of the second black matrix 5 on the first substrate 1. Since there is no gap between the orthographic projection of the first black matrix 4 on the first substrate 1 and the orthographic projection of the second black matrix 5 on the first substrate 1, the third black matrix 6 is positive on the first substrate 1.
  • the projection falls within the range of the orthographic projection of the first black matrix 4 on the first substrate 1, that is, the orthographic projection of the third black matrix 6 on the first substrate 1 and the first black matrix 4 on the first substrate A part of the orthographic projection on 1 is completely coincident.
  • the optical device is further configured to refract incident light rays when the voltage difference is present on both sides of the liquid crystal layer 3, and to refract the incident light rays from the adjacent second black matrix 5 and the third black.
  • the matrix 6 exits between.
  • the third black matrix 6 is not provided, it is also possible to precisely control the angle of the light rays emitted from the optical device by precisely controlling the voltage difference applied to both sides of the liquid crystal layer 3, thereby avoiding crosstalk of light of adjacent sub-pixels.
  • the third black matrix 6 between the light-emitting side of the second substrate 2 and the adjacent second black matrix 5, even if the voltage applied to both sides of the liquid crystal layer 3 is disturbed, The angle of the emitted light is increased, and the light of the edge can also be blocked by the third black matrix 6. The problem of crosstalk of adjacent sub-pixels can still be solved, and the normal display is ensured, thereby improving the reliability and practicability of the display panel.
  • first black matrix 4 The structure and distribution of the first black matrix 4, the second black matrix 5, and the third black matrix 6 will be described in detail below with reference to FIGS. 3a and 3b.
  • FIG. 3a shows a structure of the first black matrix 4, the second black matrix 5, and the third black matrix 6.
  • the first black matrix 4 and the third black matrix 6 are both in a grid shape.
  • the hollow region formed by the first black matrix 4 and the hollow region formed by the third black matrix 6 are rectangular.
  • the second black matrix 5 has a rectangular shape and is distributed in an array, and the second black matrix 5 corresponds to a hollow region formed by the first black matrix 4.
  • the distance between the third black matrix 6 and the adjacent second black matrix 5 located on both sides thereof is equal, so that each sub-pixel is equal in size and evenly distributed, thereby ensuring display. effect.
  • the width D1 of the first black matrix 4 (ie, the distance between two adjacent hollow regions, The distance also corresponds to the distance d1 between the adjacent two second black matrices 5) being larger than the width d1 of the second black matrix 5, such that the aperture ratio of the display panel is larger.
  • FIG. 4a-1 A top plan view of the first black matrix 4 is shown in Fig. 4a-1
  • a top view of the second black matrix 5 is shown in Fig. 4a-2
  • a third black matrix 6 is shown in Fig. 4a-3. Overlooking the structure.
  • Fig. 3b shows another structure of the first black matrix 4, the second black matrix 5 and the third black matrix 6, as shown in Fig. 3b, the hollow area formed by the first black matrix 4 is circular, the second black The matrix 5 has a circular block shape, the third black matrix 6 has a ring shape, and the second black matrix 5 and the third black matrix 6 are both arranged in an array.
  • the second black matrix 5 and the third black matrix 6 are concentrically arranged, and the adjacent third black matrix 6 is tangent, so that each sub-pixel is equal in size and evenly distributed, thereby ensuring display effect. .
  • the distance D2 between the adjacent two second black matrices 5 is greater than the diameter d2 of the second black matrix 5, such that the aperture ratio of the display panel is larger.
  • the sub-pixel area is also circular, and the area between the adjacent two second black matrices 5 covers the two sub-pixels.
  • the optical device is a liquid crystal Fresnel lens 8.
  • the display panel further includes a first electrode and a second electrode, and a difference in voltage applied across the first electrode and the second electrode drives liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 3 to form the liquid crystal Fresnel lens 8.
  • the display panel further includes a first electrode 11 disposed on the first substrate 1 and a second electrode 12 disposed on the second substrate 2.
  • the first electrode 11 is a double-layer electrode disposed at the first
  • the substrate 1 faces the surface of the second substrate 2 with an insulating layer 20 disposed therebetween
  • the second electrode 12 is a surface electrode disposed on the surface of the second substrate 2 facing the first substrate 1.
  • Fig. 1d shows a plan view of the second substrate 2 on which the second electrode 12 is formed, wherein the second electrode 12 is formed as a surface electrode.
  • Fig. 1e shows a plan view of the first substrate 1 on which the first electrodes 11 are formed, wherein the first electrodes 11 are formed in the shape of concentric rings, and each set of concentric ring electrodes corresponds to one sub-pixel.
  • Fig. 1f shows a plan view of a first substrate on which a first electrode 11 is formed, wherein the first electrode 11 is formed as a double-layered square electrode, and each set of double-layered electrodes corresponds to one sub-pixel.
  • the first electrode is formed on the first substrate, the first electrode is a double-layer electrode, and the double-layer electrodes are separated by an insulating layer, the width of the electrode is made as low as possible, and the planar electrode is formed on the second substrate.
  • the arrangement direction of the liquid crystal molecules sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate can be set to form Liquid crystal Fresnel lens.
  • the focus position of the Fresnel lens can be adjusted, and then the direction of the light after passing through the Fresnel lens can be adjusted, so that different light passes between the black matrices to achieve different gray levels.
  • the first electrode and the second electrode may be respectively a pixel electrode and a common electrode.
  • the positions of the first electrode and the second electrode are different according to the type of the driving electric field of the display panel, and details are not described herein again.
  • the difference between the voltages applied across the first electrode and the second electrode is less than 20 volts.
  • a collimated backlight (indicated by an arrow in the figure) is incident from the light incident side of the first substrate 1, and after being polarized by the polarizer 7, a part of the light is blocked by the first black matrix 4, and a part of the light is from the adjacent two first black matrices 4 It is incident on the liquid crystal layer 3.
  • the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 3 do not form a liquid crystal Fresnel lens, and the light is from The color film substrate (ie, the second substrate 2) is not changed when passing between the adjacent two first black matrices 4
  • the upper second black matrix 5 is occluded, and the display panel is in an all black state.
  • the gray scale control is realized by simply relying on the voltage difference applied to both sides of the liquid crystal layer 3, and the accuracy of the applied voltage is required to be high, but it can be significantly larger than the conventional technique. Reduce the thickness of the liquid crystal cell.
  • Embodiment 2 of the present disclosure provides a display panel
  • FIG. 2a is a schematic diagram of an optical path of the display panel according to Embodiment 2 at L0
  • FIG. 2b is a display panel according to Embodiment 2 at L255. Schematic diagram of the light path.
  • Embodiment 2 The difference between Embodiment 2 and Embodiment 1 is that the composition and structure of the optical device are different.
  • the optical device in Embodiment 1 is a liquid crystal Fresnel lens
  • the optical device of Embodiment 2 is composed of a solid Fresnel lens and a liquid crystal lens. Combination lens.
  • Other structures of the display panel according to Embodiment 2 are the same as those of the display panel according to Embodiment 1, and are not described herein again.
  • Embodiment 2 The optical device of Embodiment 2 will be described in detail below with reference to Figs. 2a and 2b.
  • the optical device in Embodiment 2 includes a solid-state Fresnel lens 9 and a liquid crystal lens 10, and a solid-state Fresnel lens 9 is disposed on the first substrate 1 for refracting light incident on the display panel And the refracted light is incident on the liquid crystal lens 10.
  • the display panel according to Embodiment 2 also includes a first electrode (not shown) and a second electrode (not shown), and the difference between the voltages applied to the liquid crystal lens 10 by the first electrode and the second electrode
  • the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 3 are driven to be formed for refracting the incident light refracted by the solid Fresnel lens 9, and the refracted light is emitted from between the adjacent second black matrix 5 and the third black matrix 6. . That is, the light that is not blocked by the first black matrix 4 is first refracted by the solid Fresnel lens 9, and then The liquid crystal lens 10 is refracted and finally emerges from the adjacent second black matrix 5 and the third black matrix 6 on the second substrate 2.
  • a difference between voltages applied across the first electrode and the second electrode is less than 10 volts.
  • the solid Fresnel lens 9 is located inside the liquid crystal cell, that is, on the light exiting side of the first substrate 1. It should be noted that the solid Fresnel lens 9 may be disposed on the light incident side of the first substrate 1 between the first substrate 1 and the polarizer 7 .
  • the solid state Fresnel lens 9 can be formed by nanoimprinting or photolithography.
  • the collimated backlight (shown by an arrow in the figure) is polarized by the polarizer 7 and incident from the light incident side of the first substrate 1, a part of the light is blocked by the first black matrix 4, and a part of the light is between the adjacent two first black matrices 4 It is incident on the solid Fresnel lens 9.
  • the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 3 do not form a liquid crystal lens, and the light passes from the adjacent first black matrix.
  • the interval between 4 is incident on the solid Fresnel lens 9, and the solid Fresnel lens 9 diverges the light at a small angle, and is blocked by the second black matrix 5 on the color filter substrate (ie, the second substrate 2), and is displayed.
  • the panel is all black.
  • the solid-state Fresnel lens 9 and the liquid crystal lens 10 the light can be emitted at a large angle. Therefore, the process of driving the liquid crystal molecules by the voltage difference is simpler and more complicated. Easy to implement.
  • the display panel provided by Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 of the present disclosure is omitted on the color filter substrate.
  • the upper polarizer improves the transmittance. Therefore, natural light can be used as the backlight, and the backlight module can be omitted accordingly, thereby realizing transparent display.
  • Embodiment 3 of the present disclosure provides a display device including the display panel as described in Embodiment 1 or 2.
  • the first black matrix 4 is disposed on the light-emitting side of the array substrate (ie, the first substrate 1)
  • the second black matrix 5 is disposed on the light-emitting side of the color filter substrate (ie, the second substrate 2) to make the first black matrix 4 and the first
  • the two black matrices 5 are spaced apart, and the orthographic projection of the second black matrix 5 on the array substrate abuts but does not overlap with the orthographic projection of the first black matrix 4 on the array substrate, and by providing an optical device at least partially located in the liquid crystal layer 3
  • the optical device can change the exit direction of the outgoing light, expand the exit angle of the incident light, that is, refract the incident light, and refract the incident light from the adjacent second black.
  • the display gray scale of the display device can be controlled by controlling the voltage difference across the liquid crystal layer 3.
  • the optical device can at least partially achieve the effect of the liquid crystal lens, compared to the complete Depending on the scheme in which the liquid crystal lens changes the direction in which the light is emitted, the thickness of the liquid crystal cell is reduced to some extent, so that the luminous efficiency and the thickness of the liquid crystal cell can be balanced.
  • Embodiment 4 of the present disclosure provides a driving method for driving the display panels described in Embodiments 1 and 2, the method comprising the steps of:
  • the method may further include the following steps:
  • the liquid crystal when the optical device is a liquid crystal Fresnel lens 8, the liquid crystal is Applying a voltage to the layer includes applying a voltage having a voltage difference of less than 20 V to both sides of the liquid crystal layer 3 to drive liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 3 to form a liquid crystal Fresnel lens 8.
  • the applying a voltage to the liquid crystal layer 3 includes applying a voltage having a voltage difference of less than 10 V to both sides of the liquid crystal layer 3,
  • the liquid crystal lens 10 is formed by driving liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 3.
  • the method further includes the following steps:
  • the application of a voltage to the liquid crystal layer 3 is stopped so that the light passing through the hollow region of the first black matrix 4 is blocked by the second black matrix 5.
  • a liquid crystal Fresnel lens or a liquid crystal lens is formed using liquid crystal, a path of the light is controlled by changing a shape of the liquid crystal Fresnel lens, or by changing a voltage control
  • the shape of the liquid crystal lens enables the liquid crystal lens and the solid-state Fresnel lens to jointly control the path of the light, thereby displaying different gray scales, eliminating the upper polarizer, improving the utilization of light energy, and reducing the thickness of the liquid crystal cell. Reduce the difficulty of the process and increase the yield.

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Abstract

一种显示面板，包括第一基板(1)、第二基板(2)和设置在第一基板(1)和第二基板(2)之间的液晶层(3)，还包括：第一黑矩阵(4)，设置在第一基板(1)邻近液晶层(3)的一侧；第二黑矩阵(5)，设置在第二基板(2)远离液晶层(3)的一侧，第二黑矩阵(5)在第一基板(1)上的正投影与第一黑矩阵(4)在第一基板(1)上的正投影之和完全覆盖第一基板(1)；还包括光学器件(8、9、10)，光学器件(8、9、10)至少部分位于液晶层(3)内，并位于第一黑矩阵(4)的镂空区域内，光学器件(8、9、10)可配置为在液晶层(3)被施加电压时，对入射光线进行折射，并使折射后的光线从相邻的第二黑矩阵(5)之间的间隔出射。

Description

显示面板、显示装置及驱动方法 技术领域
本公开的实施例涉及一种显示面板、显示装置及驱动方法。
背景技术
目前的LCD(Liquid Crystal Display，液晶显示器)，包括背光源、阵列基板和彩膜基板，阵列基板和彩膜基板之间设置液晶层，阵列基板上设置薄膜晶体管阵列，每个薄膜晶体管对应一个子像素，彩膜基板上与子像素对应的位置设置相应颜色的彩色滤光片，通过控制各个薄膜晶体管上的信号与电压，控制液晶分子的转动方向，从而控制每个像素点偏振光的出射，以达到显示目的。阵列基板和彩膜基板的外侧分别设置偏光片，两个偏光片的偏振方向相互垂直。通常，经过一个偏光片，光能会损失40％左右，在现有的LCD中，背光源发出的光经过显示面板上的两个偏光片，光能损失达到80％以上，光能利用率低。
目前是通过利用液晶分子形成普通的液晶透镜来提高光的利用率，通过控制液晶分子偏转改变光线出射方向，增强光的使用效率和发光效率。然而，利用液晶分子形成液晶透镜，需保证液晶层具有一定厚度，这样液晶盒厚较大，有悖于目前显示面板轻薄化的趋势。
发明内容
本公开的至少一个实施例提供了一种显示面板，包括第一基板、第二基板和设置在所述第一基板和第二基板之间的液晶层，所述显示面板还包括：第一黑矩阵，设置在所述第一基板邻近所述液晶层的一侧；第二黑矩阵，设置在所述第二基板远离所述液晶层的一侧，所述第二黑矩阵在所述第一基板上的正投影与所述第一黑矩阵在所述第一基板上的正投影之和完全覆盖第一基板。
所述显示面板还包括光学器件，所述光学器件至少部分位于所述液晶层内，并位于所述第一黑矩阵形成的镂空区域内，配置为在所述液晶层的两侧 具有电压差时，对入射光线进行折射，并使折射后的光线从相邻的所述第二黑矩阵之间的间隔出射。
在本公开的一个实施例中，所述光学器件还配置为，在所述液晶层的两侧的电压差为0时，使入射到所述第一黑矩阵的镂空区域的光线被所述第二黑矩阵遮挡。
在本公开的一个实施例中，所述第一黑矩阵呈网格状，所述第一黑矩阵的镂空区域呈矩形或圆形且阵列分布，所述第二黑矩阵设置得对应于所述第一黑矩阵的镂空区域且具有与所述第一黑矩阵的镂空区域相同的形状。
在本公开的一个实施例中，所述显示面板还包括第三黑矩阵，所述第三黑矩阵设置在第二基板远离所述液晶层的一侧，所述第三黑矩阵在所述第一基板上的正投影与所述第二黑矩阵在所述第一基板上的正投影之间具有间隔；所述光学器件还配置为，在所述液晶层的两侧具有电压差时，对入射光线进行折射，并使折射后的光线从相邻的所述第二黑矩阵和第三黑矩阵之间的间隔出射。
在本公开的一个实施例中，所述第三黑矩阵呈网格状，且所述第三黑矩阵的镂空区域在所述第一黑矩阵的镂空区域为矩形是具有矩形形状，或者，所述第三黑矩阵的镂空区域在所述第一黑矩阵的镂空区域为圆形时为环形，且所述第三黑矩阵与所述第二黑矩阵同心设置。
在本公开的一个实施例中，所述光学器件为液晶菲涅尔透镜；所述显示面板还包括第一电极和第二电极，所述第一电极和第二电极设置在所述液晶层的不同侧并被配置为对所述液晶层施加电压，以驱动所述液晶层内的液晶分子形成所述液晶菲涅尔透镜。
在本公开的一个实施例中，所述光学器件包括固态菲涅尔透镜和液晶透镜，所述固态菲涅尔透镜设置在所述第一基板上，用于折射对入射到所述显示面板的光线进行折射，并使折射后的光线入射到所述液晶透镜。
所述显示面板还包括第一电极和第二电极，所述第一电极和第二电极设置在所述液晶层的不同侧并被配置为对所述液晶层施加电压，以驱动所述液晶层内的液晶分子形成所述液晶透镜，所述液晶透镜配置为对经所述固态菲涅尔透镜折射后的光线进行折射，并使折射后的光线从所述第二黑矩阵和和与之相邻的第三黑矩阵之间的间隔出射。
在本公开的一个实施例中，所述固态菲涅尔透镜设置在所述第一基板的出光侧或入光侧。
在本公开的一个实施例中，所述光学器件还配置为在所述液晶层的两侧的电压差为0时，使入射到所述第一黑矩阵形成的镂空区域的光线被所述第二黑矩阵遮挡。
本公开的至少一个实施例还提供一种显示装置，包括如前所述的显示面板。
本公开的至少一个实施例还提供了一种驱动方法，适用于驱动上述显示面板，包括：
向所述液晶层的两侧施加不同的电压，以使所述光学器件折射入射到所述显示面板的光线，并使折射后的光线从相邻的所述第二黑矩阵之间的间隔出射。
在本公开的一个实施例中，所述方法还包括：
向所述液晶层的两侧施加不同的电压，以使所述光学器件折射入射到所述显示面板的光线，并使折射后的入射光线从相邻的所述第二黑矩阵和第三黑矩阵之间的间隔出射。
在本公开的一个实施例中，所述光学器件为液晶菲涅尔透镜，所述向所述液晶层的两侧施加不同的电压包括：
向所述液晶层的两侧施加电压差小于20v的电压，以驱动所述液晶层内的液晶分子形成所述液晶菲涅尔透镜。
在本公开的一个实施例中，所述光学器件包括固态菲涅尔透镜和液晶透镜，所述向所述液晶层的两侧施加不同的电压包括：
向所述液晶层的两侧施加电压差小于10v的电压，以驱动所述液晶层内的液晶分子形成所述液晶透镜。
在本公开的一个实施例中，所述驱动方法还包括：
不向所述液晶层的两侧施加电压，或者，向所述液晶层的两侧施加相同的电压，以使入射到所述第一黑矩阵形成的镂空区域的光线被所述第二黑矩阵遮挡。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本公开实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅涉及本公开的一些实施例，而非对本公开的限制。
图1a为根据本公开实施例1的显示面板在L0时的光路示意图；
图1b为根据本公开的实施例1的显示面板在L255时的光路示意图；
图1c至图1f示出了设置在根据本公开的实施例的显示面板上的电极的结构图；
图2a为根据本公开的实施例2显示面板在L0时的示意图；
图2b为根据本公开的实施例2的显示面板在L255时的示意图；
图3a为根据本公开的实施例1、2的黑矩阵的结构示意图之一；
图3b为根据本公开的实施例1、2的黑矩阵的结构示意图之二；以及
图4a-1至图4a-3中示出了图3a中所示的各个黑矩阵的结构示意图。
附图标记说明：
1、第一基板 2、第二基板 3、液晶层
4、第一黑矩阵 5、第二黑矩阵 6、第三黑矩阵
7、偏光片 8、液晶菲涅尔透镜 9、固态菲涅尔透镜
10、液晶透镜
具体实施方式
为使本公开实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本公开实施例的附图，对本公开实施例的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，所描述的实施例是本公开的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于所描述的本公开的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在无需创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本公开保护的范围。
实施例1
如图1a和图1b所示，根据本公开的实施例1的显示面板，图1a为实施例1提供的显示面板在L0时，即液晶层3的两侧的电压差为0时的光路示意图，图1b为实施例1提供的显示面板在显示灰阶为255时的光路示意图。
所述显示面板包括第一基板1、第二基板2和设置在第一基板1和第二 基板2之间的液晶层3，其中，第一基板1可以为阵列基板，第二基板2可以为彩膜基板。第一基板1邻近液晶层3的一侧设置有第一黑矩阵4，即第一黑矩阵4设置在第一基板1的出光侧。第二基板2远离液晶层3的一侧设置有第二黑矩阵5，即第二黑矩阵5设置在第二基板2的出光侧。第二黑矩阵5在第一基板1上的正投影与第一黑矩阵4在第一基板1上的正投影之间无间隙，也就是说，第二黑矩阵5与第一黑矩阵4间隔设置，且第二黑矩阵5在第一基板1上的正投影与第一黑矩阵4在第一基板1上的正投影之和能够完全覆盖整个第一基板1。第二黑矩阵5在第一基板1上的正投影与第一黑矩阵4在第一基板1上的正投影可以部分重叠，也可以不重叠。在本公开的一个实施例中，考虑到在第二黑矩阵5在第一基板1上的正投影与第一黑矩阵4在第一基板上的正投影部分重叠时会影响到显示面板的开口率，第二黑矩阵5在第一基板1上的正投影与第一黑矩阵4在第一基板上的正投影邻接但不重叠，这样，第二黑矩阵5在第一基板1上的正投影与第一黑矩阵4在第一基板1上的正投影之和恰能完全覆盖整个第一基板1。
如图1b所示，所述显示面板还包括光学器件，该光学器件至少部分位于液晶层3内，并位于第一黑矩阵4形成的镂空区域(即开口区域)内，配置为在液晶层3的两侧具有电压差时，折射入射光线，并使折射后的入射光线在第二基板2从相邻的第二黑矩阵5之间的间隔出射。也就是说，光学器件可以根据液晶层3两侧的电压差的变化，改变折射光线的出射角度，从而实现显示面板灰阶的变化。
如图1a和图1b所示，所述显示面板还包括偏光片7，偏光片7位于第一基板1的入光侧，可以选用线栅起偏器(Wire Grid Polarizer，WGP)。
本公开的实施例通过在阵列基板(即第一基板1)的出光侧设置第一黑矩阵4，在彩膜基板(即第二基板2)的出光侧设置第二黑矩阵5，使第一黑矩阵4和第二黑矩阵5间隔设置，并通过设置至少部分位于液晶层3内的光学器件，当液晶层3的两侧具有电压差时，该光学器件可以改变光线的传输方向，扩大入射光线的出射角度，即对入射光线进行折射，并使折射后的光线在第二基板2从相邻的第二黑矩阵5之间出射。这样，可以通过控制液晶层3两侧的电压差，即可控制显示面板的灰阶变化(将在下文对如何控制灰阶进行说明)，一方面，无需在彩膜基板的外侧再设置偏光片，从而较少光 能损失，提高光能利用率和发光效率；另一方面，光学器件能够至少部分达到液晶透镜的效果，相较于完全依赖液晶透镜改变光线方向的方案来说，在一定程度上减小了液晶盒厚，从而可以兼顾发光效率和液晶盒厚。
进一步的，如图1a所示，所述光学器件还配置为，在液晶层3的两侧的电压差为0(即L0)时，使入射到第一黑矩阵4形成的镂空区域的光线被第二黑矩阵5遮挡。也就是说，液晶层3的两侧未施加电压，或者，施加相同的电压时，经所述光学器件折射后的光线入射到第二基底2，并完全被第二黑矩阵5遮挡，此时，显示面板为全黑状态。
由于相邻两第二黑矩阵5之间的区域覆盖相邻的两个子像素区域，为了进一步防止从相邻子像素出射的光线发生串扰，在本公开的实施例中，还可以进一步通过增加第三黑矩阵，将相邻子像素隔离开。
如图1a和图1b所示，第二基板2远离液晶层3的一侧还设置有第三黑矩阵6，第三黑矩阵6设置在相邻的第二黑矩阵5的间隔中且不与第二黑矩阵5接触，即，第三黑矩阵6在第一基板1上的正投影与第二黑矩阵5在第一基板1上的正投影之间具有间隙。由于第一黑矩阵4在第一基板1上的正投影与第二黑矩阵5在第一基板1上的正投影之间无间隙，因此，第三黑矩阵6在第一基板1上的正投影落入第一黑矩阵4在第一基板1上的正投影的范围之内，也就是说，第三黑矩阵6在第一基板1上的正投影与第一黑矩阵4在第一基板1上的正投影的一部分完全重合。
如图1b所示，所述光学器件还配置为，在液晶层3的两侧具有电压差时，折射入射光线，并使折射后的入射光线从相邻的第二黑矩阵5和第三黑矩阵6之间出射。
如果不设置第三黑矩阵6，也可以通过精确控制施加在液晶层3两侧的电压差，从而精确控制从所述光学器件出射的光线的角度，从而避免相邻子像素的光发生串扰。
而在本公开的实施例中，通过在第二基板2的出光侧、相邻的第二黑矩阵5之间设置第三黑矩阵6，即使施加在液晶层3两侧的电压受到干扰，导致出射光线的角度增大，边缘的光线也可以被第三黑矩阵6遮挡，仍然能够解决相邻子像素光线串扰的问题，保证正常显示，从而提高显示面板的可靠性和实用性。
以下结合图3a和图3b对第一黑矩阵4、第二黑矩阵5和第三黑矩阵6的结构和分布进行详细说明。
图3a示出了第一黑矩阵4、第二黑矩阵5和第三黑矩阵6的一种结构，如图3a所示，第一黑矩阵4和第三黑矩阵6均呈网格状，且第一黑矩阵4形成的镂空区域和第三黑矩阵6形成的镂空区域为矩形。第二黑矩阵5呈矩形，且阵列分布，第二黑矩阵5对应于第一黑矩阵4形成的镂空区域。
在根据本公开的一个实施例中，第三黑矩阵6与位于其两侧的相邻的第二黑矩阵5之间的距离相等，这样可以保证各子像素大小相等、均匀分布，从而保证显示效果。
由于相邻两第二黑矩阵5之间对应子像素区域，因此，在根据本公开的一个实施例中，第一黑矩阵4的宽度D1(即相邻的两个镂空区域之间的距离，该距离还对应于相邻两第二黑矩阵5之间的距离)大于第二黑矩阵5的宽度d1，这样，显示面板的开口率更大。
图4a-1中示出了第一黑矩阵4的俯视结构图，图4a-2中示出了第二黑矩阵5的俯视结构图，在图4a-3中示出了第三黑矩阵6的俯视结构图。
图3b示出了第一黑矩阵4、第二黑矩阵5和第三黑矩阵6的另一种结构，如图3b所示，第一黑矩阵4形成的镂空区域为圆形，第二黑矩阵5呈圆形的块状，第三黑矩阵6为环形，第二黑矩阵5和第三黑矩阵6均阵列分布。
在本公开的一个实施例中，第二黑矩阵5和第三黑矩阵6同心设置，相邻的第三黑矩阵6相切，这样可以保证各子像素大小相等、均匀分布，从而保证显示效果。
在本公开的一个实施例中，相邻两第二黑矩阵5之间的距离D2大于第二黑矩阵5的直径d2，这样显示面板的开口率更大。
需要说明的是，第一基底1上除了第一黑矩阵4的圆形镂空区域之外的其他区域均被第一黑矩阵4覆盖。在这种情况下，子像素区域也为圆形，相邻两第二黑矩阵5之间的区域覆盖两个子像素。
在本公开的实施例1中，如图1b所示，所述光学器件为液晶菲涅尔透镜8。所述显示面板还包括第一电极和第二电极，所述第一电极和第二电极上施加的电压之差驱动液晶层3内的液晶分子形成所述液晶菲涅尔透镜8。
图1c中示出了将所述光学器件形成为液晶菲涅尔透镜的电极结构图。如 图1c所示，所述显示面板还包括设置在第一基板1的第一电极11和设置在第二基板2的第二电极12，其中，第一电极11为双层电极，设置在第一基板1朝向第二基板2的表面上，该双层电极之间设置有绝缘层20，第二电极12为面电极，设置在第二基板2朝向第一基板1的表面上。
图1d示出了其上形成有第二电极12的第二基板2的俯视图，其中，第二电极12形成为面电极。
图1e示出了其上形成有第一电极11的第一基板1的俯视图，其中，第一电极11形成为同心圆环的形状，每一组同心圆环电极对应于一个子像素。
图1f示出了其上形成有第一电极11的第一基板的俯视图，其中，第一电极11形成为双层方形电极，每一组双层方向电极对应于一个子像素。
通过在第一基板上形成第一电极，所述第一电极为双层电极，双层电极之间用绝缘层隔开，将电极的宽度做得尽量下，在第二基板上形成面状电极，这样，通过在第一电极上施加梯度电压，在第一电极和第二电极之间形成梯度电场，可以设置夹设在第一基板和第二基板之间的液晶分子的排布方向，形成液晶菲涅尔透镜。在第一电极上施加不同的梯度电压，可以调节菲涅尔透镜的焦点位置，进而可以调整光经过菲涅尔透镜之后的方向，使不同的光通过黑矩阵之间，实现不同的灰阶。
所述第一电极和第二电极可以分别为像素电极和公共电极，根据显示面板的驱动电场的类型不同，第一电极和第二电极的位置也有所不同，在此不再赘述。
在本公开的一个实施例中，第一电极和第二电极上施加的电压之差小于20v。
以下结合图1a和图1b，对根据实施例1的显示面板的工作过程进行说明。
准直背光(图中箭头所示)从第一基底1的入光侧入射，经偏光片7偏振后，一部分光被第一黑矩阵4遮挡，一部分光从相邻两第一黑矩阵4之间入射至液晶层3。
L0时，如图1a所示，液晶层3的两侧的电压差为零时，即未施加电压或者施加相同的电压，液晶层3内的液晶分子不会形成液晶菲涅尔透镜，光从相邻两第一黑矩阵4之间通过时不改变方向，被彩膜基板(即第二基板2) 上的第二黑矩阵5所遮挡，显示面板为全黑状态。
L255时，如图1b所示，向液晶层3的两侧施加不同的电压，使液晶层3的两侧具有电压差，该电压差能够驱动液晶层3内的液晶分子形成液晶菲涅尔透镜8，光从相邻两第一黑矩阵4之间通过时被所述菲涅尔透镜8折射，以最大角度发散，并从所述菲涅尔透镜上方的第二黑矩阵5和与该第二黑矩阵5相邻的第三黑矩阵6之间出射，显示面板实现最亮态显示。需要说明的是，电压差越大，液晶分子的偏转角度越大，灰阶越大，因此，可以通过控制电压差的大小，控制液晶菲涅尔透镜8的焦距，进而控制光线发散的角度，由此控制显示面板灰阶变化。
在根据本公开实施例1提供的显示面板，单纯依靠施加在液晶层3两侧的电压差实现灰阶控制，对施加电压的精确度要求较高，但是，相对于惯常技术来说，能够大幅减小液晶盒厚。
实施例2
如图2a和图2b所示，本公开的实施例2提供一种显示面板，图2a为根据实施例2的显示面板在L0时的光路示意图，图2b为根据实施例2的显示面板在L255时的光路示意图。
实施例2与实施例1的区别在于光学器件的组成和结构不同，实施例1中的光学器件为液晶菲涅尔透镜，而实施例2的光学器件为由固态菲涅尔透镜和液晶透镜组成的组合透镜。根据实施例2的显示面板的其他结构与根据实施例1的显示面板的其他结构相同，在此不再赘述。
以下结合图2a和图2b，对实施例2的光学器件进行详细说明。
如图2b所示，实施例2中的光学器件包括固态菲涅尔透镜9和液晶透镜10，固态菲涅尔透镜9设置在第一基板1上，用于折射入射到所述显示面板的光线，并使折射后的光线入射到液晶透镜10。
根据实施例2的显示面板也包括第一电极(图中未绘示)和第二电极(图中未绘示)，液晶透镜10由所述第一电极和第二电极上施加的电压之差驱动液晶层3内的液晶分子形成，用于折射经固态菲涅尔透镜9折射后的入射光线，并使折射后的光线从相邻的第二黑矩阵5和第三黑矩阵6之间出射。也就是说，未被第一黑矩阵4遮挡的光线先由固态菲涅尔透镜9折射，然后再 由液晶透镜10折射，最终在第二基板2从相邻的第二黑矩阵5和第三黑矩阵6之间出射。
在本公开的一个实施例中，所述第一电极和第二电极上施加的电压之差小于10v。
如图2a和图2b所示，在实施例2中，固态菲涅尔透镜9位于液晶盒内，即设置在第一基板1的出光侧。需要说明的是，固态菲涅尔透镜9也可以设置在第一基板1的入光侧，位于第一基板1与偏光片7之间。固态菲涅尔透镜9可以通过纳米压印或者光刻的方法形成。
以下结合图2a和图2b，对根据实施例2的显示面板的工作过程进行说明。
准直背光(图中箭头所示)经偏光片7偏振后从第一基底1的入光侧入射，一部分光被第一黑矩阵4遮挡，一部分光从相邻两第一黑矩阵4之间入射至固态菲涅尔透镜9。
如图2a所示，液晶层3的两侧在没有电压差时，即未施加电压或施加相同的电压时，液晶层3内的液晶分子不会形成液晶透镜，光从相邻第一黑矩阵4之间的间隔入射至固态菲涅尔透镜9，固态菲涅尔透镜9对光线进行小角度的发散，被彩膜基板(即第二基板2)上的第二黑矩阵5所遮挡，显示面板为全黑状态。
如图2b所示，向液晶层3的两侧施加不同的电压，使液晶层3的两侧具有电压差，该电压差能够驱动液晶层3内的液晶分子形成液晶透镜10，光从相邻两第一黑矩阵4之间的间隔通过，之后在由固态菲涅尔透镜9和液晶透镜10组成的组合透镜的作用下，以最大角度从液晶透镜出射，并从相邻的第二黑矩阵5黑第三黑矩阵6之间出射，显示面板实现最亮态显示。需要说明的是，电压差越大，液晶分子的偏转角度越大，灰阶越大，因此，可以通过控制电压差的大小，控制液晶透镜10的焦距，进而控制光线出射的角度，由此控制显示面板的显示灰阶。
在根据本公开实施例2的显示面板中，依靠固态菲涅尔透镜9和液晶透镜10共同作用，可以实现光线以较大角度出射，因此，利用电压差驱动液晶分子偏转的工艺更简单，更加易于实现。
本公开实施例1和实施例2提供的显示面板，由于省去了彩膜基板上的 上偏光片，提高了透过率，因此，可以利用自然光作为背光，相应省去背光模组，从而实现透明显示。
实施例3
本公开实施例3提供了一种显示装置，所述显示装置包括如实施例1或2所述的显示面板。
通过在阵列基板(即第一基板1)的出光侧设置第一黑矩阵4，在彩膜基板(即第二基板2)的出光侧设置第二黑矩阵5，使第一黑矩阵4和第二黑矩阵5间隔设置，第二黑矩阵5在阵列基板上的正投影与第一黑矩阵4在阵列基板上的正投影邻接但不重叠，并通过设置至少部分位于液晶层3内的光学器件，当液晶层3的两侧具有电压差时，该光学器件可以改变出射光线的出射方向，扩大入射光线的出射角度，即折射入射光线，并使折射后的入射光线从相邻的第二黑矩阵5之间出射。这样，可以通过控制液晶层3两侧的电压差，控制显示装置的显示灰阶。一方面，无需在彩膜基板的外侧再设置偏光片，从而较少光能损失，提高光能利用率和发光效率；另一方面，光学器件能够至少部分达到液晶透镜的效果，相较于完全依赖液晶透镜改变光线出射方向的方案来说，在一定程度上减小了液晶盒厚，从而可以兼顾发光效率和液晶盒厚。
实施例4
本公开的实施例4提供了一种驱动方法，操作为驱动实施例1和2所述的显示面板，所述方法包括以下步骤：
如图1b和图2b所示，向液晶层3的两侧施加不同的电压，以使所述光学器件对入射到所述显示面板的光线进行折射，并使折射后的光线在第二基板2从相邻的第二黑矩阵5之间的间隔出射。
进一步的，所述方法还可以包括以下步骤：
向液晶层3施加电压，以使所述光学器件对入射到所述显示面板的光线进行折射，并使折射后的入射光线在第二基板2从相邻的第二黑矩阵5和第三黑矩阵6之间的间隔出射。
如图1b所示，当所述光学器件为液晶菲涅尔透镜8时，所述向所述液晶 层施加电压，包括：向液晶层3的两侧施加电压差小于20v的电压，以驱动液晶层3内的液晶分子形成液晶菲涅尔透镜8。
如图2b所示，当所述光学器件包括固态菲涅尔透镜9和液晶透镜10时，所述向液晶层3施加电压，包括：向液晶层3的两侧施加电压差小于10v的电压，以驱动液晶层3内的液晶分子形成液晶透镜10。
在本公开的一个实施例中，所述方法还包括以下步骤：
如图1a和图2a所示，停止向液晶层3施加电压，以使通过第一黑矩阵4的镂空区域的光线被第二黑矩阵5遮挡。
在根据本公开的显示面板、显示装置及驱动方法中，利用液晶形成液晶菲涅尔透镜或液晶透镜，通过改变电压控制液晶菲涅尔透镜的形状来控制光的路径，或者，通过改变电压控制液晶透镜的形貌，使液晶透镜与固态菲涅尔透镜共同作用控制光的路径，从而显示不同的灰阶，省去了上偏光片，提高了光能利用率，还能够降低液晶盒厚，削弱工艺难度，提高良率。
以上所述仅是本公开的示范性实施方式，而非用于限制本公开的保护范围，本公开的保护范围由所附的权利要求确定。
本申请要求于2017年3月23日递交的中国专利申请No.201710178391.X的优先权，在此全文引用上述中国专利申请公开的内容以作为本申请的一部分。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种显示面板，包括第一基板、第二基板和设置在所述第一基板和第二基板之间的液晶层，其中，所述显示面板还包括：
    第一黑矩阵，设置在所述第一基板邻近所述液晶层的一侧；
    第二黑矩阵，设置在所述第二基板远离所述液晶层的一侧，所述第二黑矩阵在所述第一基板上的正投影与所述第一黑矩阵在所述第一基板上的正投影之和完全覆盖第一基板；
    所述显示面板还包括光学器件，所述光学器件至少部分位于所述液晶层内，并位于所述第一黑矩阵的镂空区域内，所述光学器件可配置为在所述液晶层的两侧具有电压差时，对入射光线进行折射，并使折射后的光线从相邻的所述第二黑矩阵之间的间隔出射。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的显示面板，其中，所述光学器件还配置为在所述液晶层的两侧的电压差为0时，入射到所述第一黑矩阵的镂空区域的光线被所述第二黑矩阵遮挡。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的显示面板，其中，所述第一黑矩阵呈网格状，所述第一黑矩阵的镂空区域呈矩形或圆形且阵列分布，所述第二黑矩阵设置得对应于所述第一黑矩阵的镂空区域且具有与所述第一黑矩阵的镂空区域相同的形状。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的显示面板，其还包括第三黑矩阵，所述第三黑矩阵设置在所述第二基板远离所述液晶层的一侧，所述第三黑矩阵在所述第一基板上的正投影与所述第二黑矩阵在所述第一基板上的正投影之间具有间隔；
    其中，所述光学器件配置为在所述液晶层的两侧具有电压差时，对入射光线进行折射，并使折射后的光线从相邻的所述第二黑矩阵和第三黑矩阵之间的间隔出射。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的显示面板，其中，所述第三黑矩阵呈网格状，且所述第三黑矩阵的镂空区域在所述第一黑矩阵的镂空区域为矩形是具有矩形形状，或者，所述第三黑矩阵的镂空区域在所述第一黑矩阵的镂空区域为圆形时为环形，且所述第三黑矩阵与所述第二黑矩阵同心设置。
  6. 如权利要求1至5中任何一项所述的显示面板，其中，所述光学器件为液晶菲涅尔透镜；
    所述显示面板还包括第一电极和第二电极，所述第一电极和第二电极设置在所述液晶层的不同侧并被配置为对所述液晶层施加电压，以驱动所述液晶层内的液晶分子形成所述液晶菲涅尔透镜。
  7. 如权利要求1至5中任何一项所述的显示面板，其中，所述光学器件包括固态菲涅尔透镜和液晶透镜，所述固态菲涅尔透镜设置在所述第一基板上，配置为对入射在所述显示面板上的光线进行折射，并使折射后的光线入射到所述液晶透镜；
    所述显示面板还包括第一电极和第二电极，所述第一电极和第二电极设置在所述液晶层的不同侧并被配置为对所述液晶层施加电压，以驱动所述液晶层内的液晶分子形成所述液晶透镜，所述液晶透镜配置为对经所述固态菲涅尔透镜折射后的光线进行折射，并使折射后的光线从所述第二黑矩阵和与之相邻的第三黑矩阵之间的间隔出射。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的显示面板，其中，所述固态菲涅尔透镜设置在所述第一基板的出光侧或入光侧。
  9. 如权利要求7或8所述的显示面板，其中，所述固态菲涅尔透镜纳米压印或者光刻的方法形成。
  10. 一种显示装置，其包括如权利要求1至9中任何一项所述的显示面板。
  11. 一种驱动方法，可操作为驱动如权利要求1至9中任何一项所述的显示面板，包括：
    向所述液晶层的两侧施加不同的电压，以使所述光学器件对入射在所述显示面板上的光线进行折射，并使折射后的光线从相邻的所述第二黑矩阵之间的间隔出射。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的驱动方法，其还包括：
    向所述液晶层的两侧施加不同的电压，以使所述光学器件对入射到所述显示面板的光线，并使折射后的入射光线从相邻的所述第二黑矩阵和第三黑矩阵之间出射。
  13. 如权利要求11或12所述的驱动方法，其中，所述光学器件为液晶菲涅尔透镜，所述向所述液晶层的两侧施加不同的电压，包括：
    向所述液晶层的两侧施加电压差小于20v的电压，以驱动所述液晶层内的液晶分子形成所述液晶菲涅尔透镜。
  14. 如权利要求11或12所述的驱动方法，其中，所述光学器件包括固态菲涅尔透镜和液晶透镜，所述向所述液晶层的两侧施加不同的电压包括：
    向所述液晶层的两侧施加电压差小于10v的电压，以驱动所述液晶层内的液晶分子形成所述液晶透镜。
  15. 如权利要求11或12所述的驱动方法，其还包括：
    不向所述液晶层的两侧施加电压，或者，向所述液晶层的两侧施加相同的电压，以使通过所述第一黑矩阵的镂空区域的光线被所述第二黑矩阵遮挡。
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