WO2018150791A1 - 方向性電磁鋼板 - Google Patents
方向性電磁鋼板 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018150791A1 WO2018150791A1 PCT/JP2018/001270 JP2018001270W WO2018150791A1 WO 2018150791 A1 WO2018150791 A1 WO 2018150791A1 JP 2018001270 W JP2018001270 W JP 2018001270W WO 2018150791 A1 WO2018150791 A1 WO 2018150791A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1277—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties involving a particular surface treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1294—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties involving a localized treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/16—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of sheets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D10/00—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation
- C21D10/005—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation by laser shock processing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2201/00—Treatment for obtaining particular effects
- C21D2201/05—Grain orientation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/14766—Fe-Si based alloys
- H01F1/14775—Fe-Si based alloys in the form of sheets
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet suitable for a core material of a transformer, particularly a winding transformer.
- the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet is mainly used as an iron core of a transformer and is required to have excellent magnetization characteristics, particularly low iron loss. For that purpose, it is important to highly align the secondary recrystallized grains in the steel sheet in the (110) [001] orientation (Goss orientation) and to reduce impurities in the product.
- various techniques for subdividing magnetic domains and reducing iron loss by physical methods that is, magnetic domain subdivision techniques have been developed. Magnetic domain segmentation techniques can be broadly divided into non-heat-resistant technologies and heat-resistant technologies. In a winding transformer, a heat-resistant magnetic domain subdivision technique is required to perform strain relief annealing after iron core processing.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for irradiating a final product plate with a laser and introducing a linear strain region into a steel sheet surface layer as a non-heat-resistant magnetic domain subdivision technique.
- a heat-resistant magnetic domain subdivision technique a method of forming a groove on the surface of a steel sheet is generally used. Specifically, the method of forming a groove by mechanically pressing a tooth mold against a steel sheet in Patent Document 2, the method of forming a groove by etching in Patent Document 3, and the groove by a laser in Patent Document 4 Each method is disclosed.
- Patent Document 5 discloses a device in which the shape of the steel sheet surface is devised
- Patent Document 6 discloses a device in which the groove shape is devised.
- the present inventors have repeated experiments for forming various grooves in a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet having the same characteristics before magnetic domain subdivision. Among them, we found a large improvement in iron loss compared to the amount of magnetic flux density degradation. Therefore, by further examining these steel sheets in detail, the optimum shape of the groove bottom surface was found and the present invention was completed.
- the gist configuration of the present invention is as follows. 1.
- the said recessed part is a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet which has the depth d (micrometer) which satisfies the following formula
- W Opening width of linear groove ( ⁇ m) 0.10D ⁇ d ⁇ 1.00D
- D Average depth of linear groove ( ⁇ m)
- the decrease in magnetic flux density can be suppressed.
- the heat-resistant magnetic domain refinement by groove formation is realized by newly generating a 180 ° domain wall and narrowing the magnetic domain width in order to eliminate the increase in magnetostatic energy caused by the magnetic pole generated on the side surface of the groove.
- the magnetic domain width is narrowed, the moving distance of the domain wall when the steel plate is magnetized is shortened, and the energy loss at the time of domain wall movement is reduced, that is, the iron loss is reduced.
- it is necessary to generate magnetic poles, and thus it is essential to create an interface of materials having different magnetic permeability.
- iron and air are used as materials having different magnetic permeability.
- the volume fraction of the groove reduces the effective permeability of the steel sheet to become a mere space, 8 value magnetic flux density B when the magnetization is an index of the magnetic properties 800A / m is decreased. Therefore, if a large number of magnetic poles are generated to increase the magnetic domain refinement effect, a dilemma that the magnetic flux density is reduced occurs.
- the magnetic pole is generated only on the side surface of the groove, when the groove is formed on the steel plate surface (one side surface), the effect of the groove formation is hardly spread at the thickness center portion or the back surface (the other side surface) of the steel plate.
- the inventors of the present invention diligently studied the shape of the bottom surface of the groove to make the best use of the effect of the groove formation described above. As a result, it has been found that it is effective to provide a recess that satisfies a predetermined condition on the bottom surface of the linear groove. That is, it is appropriate to provide a plurality of recesses arranged at predetermined intervals on the bottom surface of the linear groove, and that the recesses have a predetermined depth, in order to exert the effect of subdividing the magnetic domain by the groove formation. I found out.
- a plurality of recesses 3 are formed on the bottom surface of the groove 2. Is provided in the extending direction.
- the recess 3 has, for example, a conical shape as shown in FIGS. 2 (a) and 3 or a cylindrical shape as shown in FIG. 2 (b). Can be.
- the shapes are not particularly limited, and different shapes may be arranged.
- concave portions having different shapes are formed for each linear groove, but it is preferable from the viewpoint of manufacturability to form concave portions having the same shape in all the linear grooves.
- the concave portion 3 when the concave portion 3 is provided at the bottom of the linear groove 2, a new magnetic pole is also generated inside the steel plate, although it is smaller than the number of magnetic poles generated on the steel plate surface.
- the domain wall tends to be generated toward the back surface side in a direction that minimizes its internal energy, that is, perpendicular to the steel plate surface. Therefore, even if the number of magnetic poles generated in the steel plate is small, the domain wall is generated straight inward of the steel plate. Will be calm. As a result, the magnetic domain refinement effect is increased as compared with the conventional uniform depth groove having the same cross-sectional area.
- a method of generating a magnetic pole by arranging dot-like holes penetrating the steel sheet over the entire thickness in a line under the condition of a constant cross-sectional area is conceivable.
- the effect of magnetic domain fragmentation is not exhibited.
- the cross-sectional area is the same, the effect of subdividing becomes higher when grooves having a uniform depth are formed on the steel sheet surface. Therefore, in the present invention, a groove having a uniform depth is formed on the surface of the steel sheet, and a concave portion that can be regarded as a part of the deep groove is formed on the bottom surface of the steel plate. is there.
- the bottom surface of the linear groove is provided with a plurality of concave portions arranged at intervals p satisfying the following formula (1) in the extending direction of the groove, and the concave portions are represented by the following formula (2). It is important to have a depth d that satisfies. 0.20W ⁇ p ⁇ 1.20W (1) Where W is the opening width of the linear groove, 0.10D ⁇ d ⁇ 1.00D (2) Here, D is the depth of the linear groove. In the present invention, the unit of p, d, W and D is ( ⁇ m).
- the interval p between the recesses is observed by observing a cross section along the extending direction of the linear groove (a cross section taken along the line aa in FIG. 1) with a length of 1 mm with an optical microscope or an electron microscope.
- the number of recesses crossing the dotted line position (2) is measured, and the value obtained by dividing 1 mm by this number. And it measures about three arbitrary places and makes the average the space
- W is the opening width of the linear groove on the steel plate surface.
- the depth d of the concave portion is determined by observing a cross section along the extending direction of the linear groove (cross section along the line aa in FIG. 1) with an optical microscope or an electron microscope over a length of 1 mm, and calculating from the average of the deepest portion of each concave portion. It is assumed that the average depth D of the linear groove is subtracted.
- the average depth D of the groove is determined by observing a cross-section along the extending direction of the linear groove (a-a-line cross section in FIG. 1) with an optical microscope or an electron microscope over a length of 1 mm, and the cross-sectional area of the groove including the concave portion. (The hatched portion in FIG. 2) is measured and taken as a value obtained by dividing this cross-sectional area by 1 mm.
- the cross section to measure is taken as the cross section which passes along the center in the steel plate rolling direction of a groove
- the interval p between the recesses needs to be 0.20 W or more and 1.20 W or less, where W is the opening width of the linear groove. That is, if the interval p between the recesses is smaller than 0.20 W, the effect of forming the above-described recesses is lost. In other words, it becomes the same as the conventional groove having a uniform groove depth, and it becomes difficult to greatly improve the magnetic domain subdivision effect. On the other hand, when the interval p is larger than 1.20 W, the interval is excessively widened, so that it is difficult to greatly improve the magnetic domain refinement effect.
- the depth d of the recess needs to be 0.10D or more and 1.00D or less.
- the depth of the recess is smaller than 0.10D, the above-described magnetic domain subdivision effect cannot be obtained in the central region of the plate thickness.
- the magnetic domain refinement effect is increased.
- the (average) depth D of a linear groove satisfies the following formula
- the thickness t of the steel plate is the thickness of the portion where there is no groove. 0.05t ⁇ D ⁇ 0.20t (3)
- t the thickness of the steel sheet (in the present invention, the unit of t is mm, but when applied to the above equation, it is converted to ⁇ m) That is, when the (average) depth D of the linear grooves is less than 0.05 t, the depth of the grooves is too shallow with respect to the thickness of the steel sheet, and thus there is a possibility that the magnetic domain refinement effect is not exhibited.
- D is preferably 0.20 t or less.
- the angle formed by the extending direction of the linear groove and the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction of the steel sheet is 0 ° or more and 40 ° or less.
- the size of the magnetic pole depends on the angle formed between the direction in which the magnetic flux flows and the side surface of the groove. Since the size of the magnetic pole becomes smaller as the angle becomes larger, it is preferable to set the magnetic pole to about 40 ° or less. More preferably, it is 30 ° or less.
- the mutual interval 1 in the rolling direction of the steel sheet of the linear groove (see FIG. 1, where the unit of l is ⁇ m in the present invention) satisfies the following formula (4). 10W ⁇ l ⁇ 400W (4)
- W the opening width of the linear grooves, that is, if the interval 1 between the linear grooves is smaller than 10 W, the number of grooves formed per unit length increases, so that the magnetic domain refinement effect increases.
- the interval l is larger than 400 W, the number of grooves is reduced and the productivity is improved, but the magnetic domain refinement effect is reduced.
- the opening width W of the linear groove is preferably 5 ⁇ m or more and 150 ⁇ m or less.
- the narrower the opening width W of the linear groove is, the more effective for magnetic domain subdivision, but in order to process the steel sheet surface with a width narrower than 5 ⁇ m, an extremely expensive processing method is required. It is disadvantageous in terms of cost. Further, the processing becomes easier as the groove width becomes wider, but even if it becomes larger than 150 ⁇ m, it becomes difficult to obtain the effect of improving productivity and processing cost.
- channel 2 is extended is made into the rectangular shape, it may be not only a rectangle but the bowl shape where a bottom face becomes a continuous arc.
- the method for forming grooves in the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet of the present invention is not particularly limited, but some specific examples of the groove forming methods will be described.
- (Etching method 1) In this method, a resist mask is formed on the surface of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet after the final cold rolling, and then the groove shape according to the present invention is formed on the steel sheet surface by electrolytic etching. In order to achieve the groove shape according to the present invention, it is necessary to repeat mask formation and etching twice each. That is, first, a resist mask is formed and etched so that the steel sheet is exposed in the form of dots at a desired interval in the first portion. Thereafter, the resist mask is once removed, and a mask is formed and etched so that the steel sheet is exposed on the line for the second time.
- the groove shape of the present invention can be obtained by performing two-stage processing.
- D of the present invention includes a part of the recess, it is necessary to perform the second etching (determining D) so as to satisfy the present invention in consideration of such influence.
- the upper portion of the portion corresponding to the recess formed by the first etching is removed by the second etching. Therefore, it is necessary to form a portion corresponding to the concave portion in the first etching in consideration of such removal so that the concave shape according to the present invention is obtained after the second etching.
- the resist mask can be formed by gravure printing, inkjet printing, or the like. Etching can be performed by chemical etching using an acid or electrolytic etching using an aqueous NaCl solution.
- a forsterite film as a resist mask, there is an advantage that a resist stripping step can be omitted without using an expensive etching resist.
- This method also requires two-stage machining as in the above method. First, for the first time, the forsterite film is peeled off in a dot array using a fiber laser or the like. Thereafter, an etching process is performed, and subsequently, the coating is peeled off linearly using a fiber laser or the like, and a second etching process is performed. Etching and the like can be performed in the same manner as in the previous method. As described in the previous paragraph, the shape of the recess after the second etching process is important.
- the groove is directly processed using a short pulse laser (picosecond laser or femtosecond laser). It is simple and preferable to process the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet after the final finish annealing. Usually, forsterite (ceramics) and steel (steel) have different laser powers that are optimal for processing (higher power is required when processing ceramics). It is preferable to process. This is because a desired groove shape and recess shape can be processed at a pitch proportional to the pulse interval and the laser scan speed, which is simple.
- the conditions other than the above are not particularly limited, but the recommended preferred component composition and the manufacturing conditions other than the above conditions are described below.
- an inhibitor when used, for example, when using an AlN-based inhibitor, Al and N, and when using an MnS / MnSe-based inhibitor, Mn, Se and / or S are appropriately used. What is necessary is just to contain. Of course, both inhibitors may be used in combination.
- the preferred contents of Al, N, S and Se are Al: 0.01 to 0.065 mass%, N: 0.005 to 0.012 mass%, S: 0.005 to 0.03 mass%, and Se: 0.005 to 0.03 mass%, respectively.
- these inhibitor components are removed from the steel sheet (base iron) after the final finish annealing, and the content is about the impurity.
- the present invention can also be applied to grain-oriented electrical steel sheets in which the contents of Al, N, S and Se are limited and basically no inhibitor is used.
- the amounts of Al, N, S, and Se can be suppressed to Al: 100 mass ppm or less, N: 50 mass ppm or less, S: 50 mass ppm or less, and Se: 50 mass ppm or less, respectively. preferable.
- C 0.08% by mass or less If the C content exceeds 0.08% by mass, it becomes difficult to reduce C during the production process to 50 mass ppm or less, in which magnetic aging does not occur in the product. It is preferable to do. In addition, regarding the lower limit, since a secondary recrystallization is possible even for a material not containing C, it is not particularly necessary to provide it.
- Si 2.0-8.0% by mass
- Si is an element effective for increasing the electrical resistance of steel and improving iron loss.
- the content is less than 2.0% by mass, a sufficient effect of reducing iron loss cannot be achieved.
- the Si content exceeds 8.0% by mass, the workability is remarkably lowered and the magnetic flux density is also lowered. Therefore, the Si content is preferably in the range of 2.0 to 8.0% by mass.
- Mn 0.005 to 1.0 mass% Mn is an element necessary for improving the hot workability, but if the content is less than 0.005% by mass, the effect of addition is poor. On the other hand, if the Mn content exceeds 1.0% by mass, the magnetic flux density of the product plate decreases. Therefore, the Mn content is preferably in the range of 0.005 to 1.0% by mass.
- Ni 0.03-1.50% by mass
- Sn 0.01-1.50% by mass
- Sb 0.005-1.50% by mass
- Cu 0.03-3.0% by mass
- P 0.03-0.50% by mass
- Mo 0.005-0.10% by mass
- Cr At least one selected from 0.03-1.50% by mass
- Ni is a useful element for improving the hot rolled sheet structure and improving the magnetic properties. However, if the content is less than 0.03% by mass, the effect of improving the magnetic properties is small. On the other hand, if it exceeds 1.50% by mass, the secondary recrystallization becomes unstable and the magnetic properties deteriorate. Therefore, the amount of Ni is preferably in the range of 0.03 to 1.50% by mass.
- Sn, Sb, Cu, P, Mo, and Cr are elements useful for improving the magnetic properties, respectively, but if any of them is less than the lower limit of each component, the effect of improving the magnetic properties is small.
- the upper limit amount of each component described above is exceeded, the development of secondary recrystallized grains is inhibited. Therefore, it is preferable to make it contain in said range, respectively.
- the balance other than the above components is Fe and inevitable impurities mixed in in the manufacturing process.
- the steel material adjusted to the above suitable component composition may be made into a slab by a normal ingot-making method or a continuous casting method, or a thin cast piece having a thickness of 100 mm or less may be directly produced by a continuous casting method.
- the slab is heated by a normal method and subjected to hot rolling, but may be immediately subjected to hot rolling without being heated after casting.
- hot rolling may be performed, or the hot rolling may be omitted and the subsequent process may be performed as it is.
- After performing hot-rolled sheet annealing as necessary it is made the final sheet thickness by one or more cold rolling sandwiching the intermediate annealing, and then after decarburization annealing and final finishing annealing, respectively.
- an insulation tension coating is applied to make a product.
- annealing mainly composed of MgO.
- the separating agent was applied in the form of a water slurry and then dried. Further, the steel sheet was heated from 300 ° C. to 800 ° C. over 100 hours, then heated to 1200 ° C. at 50 ° C./h, and final finish annealing was performed by annealing at 1200 ° C. for 5 hours.
- a silicic acid-based insulating tension coating having a composition of magnesium phosphate (as Mg (PO 3 ) 2 ): 30 mol%, colloidal silica (as SiO 2 ): 60 mol%, CrO 3 : 10 mol% is applied, Baking was performed at 850 ° C. for 1 minute.
- the steel plate thus obtained was sheared to a size of 300 mm in the rolling direction and 100 mm in the direction perpendicular to the rolling, and then subjected to strain relief annealing (800 ° C., 2 hours, N 2 atmosphere). Thereafter, the magnetic properties (W 17/50 value, B 8 value) were measured.
- the measurement results were W 17/50 : 0.83 W / kg and B 8 : 1.92T.
- a picosecond laser processing machine (PiCooLs) manufactured by Lips Works, Inc.
- linear grooves having various shapes shown in Table 1 were processed on the steel sheet.
- the angle formed between the extending direction of the linear grooves and the direction orthogonal to the rolling direction of the steel sheet was 10 °, and the mutual interval between the linear grooves was 3000 ⁇ m.
- the magnetic properties (W 17/50 value, W 15/60 value, B 8 value) of the steel sheet after strain relief annealing 800 ° C., 2 hours, N 2 atmosphere) were measured. .
- the results are shown in Table 1.
- B 8 is a magnetic flux density when excited at 800 A / m
- W 17/50 is a magnetic flux density of 1.7 T
- W 15/60 is a magnetic flux density of 1.5 T. Represents the iron loss when energized with 60 Hz alternating current.
- MgO primary recrystallization annealing (also serving as decarburization annealing) in a wet H 2 -N 2 atmosphere
- MgO was mainly used.
- An annealing separator to be used was made into a water slurry and then applied and dried. Further, the steel sheet was heated from 300 ° C. to 800 ° C. over 100 hours, then heated to 1200 ° C. at 50 ° C./h, and annealed at 1200 ° C. for 5 hours to obtain final finish annealing.
- a silicic acid based insulating tension coating having a composition of 25 mol% of aluminum phosphate (as Al (PO 3 ) 3 , 60 mol% of colloidal silica (as SiO 2 ), and 7 mol% of CrO 3 was applied, and 800 ° C. Baking was performed under the conditions of ⁇ 1 minute.
- the steel plate thus obtained was sheared to a size of 300 mm in the rolling direction and 100 mm in the direction perpendicular to the rolling and subjected to strain relief annealing (800 ° C., 2 hours, N 2 atmosphere). Thereafter, the magnetic properties (W 17/50 value, B 8 value) were measured. The measurement results were W 17/50 : 0.90 W / kg, B 8 : 1.93T.
- the first stage processing is performed using a picosecond laser processing machine (PiCooLs) manufactured by Lips Works Co., Ltd., and the forsterite coating and the insulating tension coating are formed into dots in the form shown in Table 2. It peeled. Thereafter, electrolytic etching was performed using NaCl as an electrolytic solution.
- the second stage processing using the laser processing machine the forsterite film and insulating coating existing between the dots processed in the first time so as to have the shape shown in Table 2 are peeled off, and NaCl is used.
- the steel plate after the groove processing was subjected to strain relief annealing (800 ° C., 2 hours, N 2 atmosphere). Subsequently, the magnetic properties (W 17/50 value, W 15/60 value, B 8 value) of the steel sheet were measured. The results are shown in Table 2.
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Abstract
Description
しかしながら、結晶方位の制御や不純物の低減には限界があることから、物理的な手法により、磁区を細分化して鉄損を低減する技術、すなわち磁区細分化技術が種々開発されている。磁区細分化の技術は大別して非耐熱型の技術と耐熱型の技術とに分けられる。巻変圧器においては、鉄心加工後に歪取焼鈍を行うため耐熱型の磁区細分化技術が求められている。
本発明は、上記の実情に鑑み開発されたものであり、線状溝の深さ方向の形状を工夫することによって、磁束密度の低下を抑えて鉄損をより一層改善した方向性電磁鋼板を提供しようとするものである。
1.鋼板の表面に、複数の線状溝を介して細分化した磁区を有する方向性電磁鋼板であって、
前記線状溝の底面に、該溝が延びる方向に以下の式(1)を満足する間隔p(μm)を置いて並ぶ複数の凹部をそなえ、
前記凹部は、以下の式(2)を満足する深さd(μm)を有する方向性電磁鋼板。
0.20W≦p≦1.20W …(1)
ここで、W:線状溝の開口幅(μm)
0.10D≦d≦1.00D …(2)
ここで、D:線状溝の平均深さ(μm)
0.05t≦D≦0.20t …(3)
ここで、t:鋼板の厚み(μm)
10W≦l≦400W …(4)
ここで、W:線状溝の開口幅(μm)
溝形成による耐熱型の磁区細分化は、溝の側面に生じた磁極によって静磁エネルギーが高くなることを解消するため、新たに180°磁壁が生成して磁区幅が狭くなることで実現する。このように、磁区幅が狭くなると、鋼板が磁化された際の磁壁の移動距離が短くなり、磁壁移動時のエネルギー損失が低減、すなわち鉄損が低減する。
上記鉄損の低減のメカニズムの発現には、磁極の生成が必要であるから、透磁率の異なる物質の界面をつくりだすことが必須である。
ここで、溝形成の技術では、透磁率の異なる物質として鉄と空気を利用している。そのため、溝の体積分は単なる空間になるため鋼板の実効透磁率が低下し、磁気特性の指標である800A/mで磁化したときの磁束密度B8値が低下してしまう。
従って、磁極を沢山生成して磁区細分化効果を高くすると、磁束密度は低下してしまうというジレンマが生じる。また、磁極は溝の側面でしか生じないため、鋼板表面(一方側面)に溝を形成する場合、鋼板の厚み中心部あるいは裏面(他方側面)では、溝形成による効果が波及し難い。
本発明では、線状溝の底面に、該溝が延びる方向に以下の式(1)を満足する間隔pを置いて並ぶ複数の凹部をそなえること、そして該凹部は、以下の式(2)を満足する深さdを有すること、が肝要である。
0.20W≦p≦1.20W …(1)
ここで、W:線状溝の開口幅とし、
0.10D≦d≦1.00D …(2)
ここで、D:線状溝の深さとする。
なお、本発明において上記p、d、WおよびDの単位は(μm)とする。
0.05t≦D≦0.20t …(3)
ここで、t:鋼板の厚み(本発明においてtの単位はmmとするが、上式に適用する場合は、μmに換算する)
すなわち、線状溝の(平均)深さDが0.05tに満たない場合は、鋼板の厚みに対して溝の深さが浅すぎるため、磁区細分化効果が発揮されないおそれがある。一方、(平均)深さDが0.20tよりも大きい場合は、磁区細分化効果は大きくなるものの鋼板の透磁率が低下し、高い磁束密度に励磁した場合の鉄損の増大を招くおそれがある。そのため、Dは0.20t以下とすることが好ましい。
10W≦l≦400W …(4)
ここで、W:線状溝の開口幅
すなわち、線状溝の間隔lが10Wよりも小さいと、単位長さあたりに形成される溝の本数が多くなるため磁区細分化効果は大きくなる。しかしながら、かかる溝の加工に時間がかかってコストの増大を招く。一方、間隔lが400Wよりも大きくなると、溝の本数は少なくなって生産性は向上するが磁区細分化効果が小さくなってしまう。
(エッチング法1)
最終冷間圧延後の方向性電磁鋼板の表面に、レジストマスクを形成し、その後電解エッチングにより鋼板表面に本発明に従う溝形状を形成する方法である。
本発明に従う溝形状を達成するためには、マスク形成およびエッチングをそれぞれ2回繰り返す必要がある。すなわち、まず1回目で凹部に当たる部分を所望の間隔でドット状に鋼板が露出するようにレジストマスク形成しエッチング加工する。その後、レジストマスクをいったん除去し、2回目に線上に鋼板が露出するようにマスクを形成してエッチングする。このように、2段加工をすることによって本発明の溝形状を得ることができる。
ここで、本発明のDは凹部の一部も含まれることから、かかる影響を考慮して本発明を満たすように2回目のエッチング(Dを決めること)を行う必要がある。また、1回目のエッチングで形成した凹部に当たる部分は2回目のエッチングでその上部が除去されてしまう。よって、かかる2回目のエッチング後に本発明に従う凹部形状となるように、かかる除去を考慮して1回目のエッチングにおける凹部に当たる部分を形成する必要がある。なお、レジストマスクの形成はグラビア印刷、インクジェット印刷などで行うことができる。エッチングは、酸を用いた化学エッチングまたはNaCl水溶液を用いた電解エッチングにより行うことができる。
最終仕上焼鈍後のフォルステライト被膜が形成された方向性電磁鋼板を用いる方法である。レジストマスクとしてフォルステライト被膜を用いることで高価なエッチングレジストを用いることなく、またレジスト剥離工程を省略できるメリットがある。この方法でも前記の手法と同じく2段加工の必要がある。まず、1回目としてフォルステライト被膜にファイバーレーザーなどを用いて被膜をドット列状に剥離する。その後、エッチング加工を施し、引き続いて、ファイバーレーザーなどを用いて被膜を線状に剥離し2回目のエッチング加工を施す。エッチングなどは前法と同様に施すことができる。なお、2回目のエッチング加工後の凹部形状が重要であることは、前段落に述べたとおりである。
エッチング法では2段加工になるためプロセスコストが高くなる。そこで、短パルスレーザー(ピコ秒レーザーやフェムト秒レーザー)を用いて直接溝に加工する。
最終仕上焼鈍後の方向性電磁鋼板に対して加工を施すのが簡単で好ましい。通常、フォルステライト(セラミックス)と鋼(地鉄)では加工に最適なレーザー出力が異なる(セラミックスの加工の方が、高出力が必要)が、あえてセラミックスに最適化した高出力で地鉄部分を加工することが好ましい。パルス間隔とレーザースキャン速度に比例したピッチで所望の溝形状および凹部形状を加工することができるので簡易だからである。
C:0.08質量%以下
Cの含有量が0.08質量%を超えると、製品において磁気時効の起こらない50質量ppm以下まで製造工程中にCを低減することが困難になるため、0.08質量%以下とすることが好ましい。なお、下限に関しては、Cを含まない素材でも二次再結晶が可能であるので特に設ける必要はない。
Siは、鋼の電気抵抗を高め、鉄損を改善するのに有効な元素であるが、含有量が2.0質量%に満たないと十分な鉄損低減効果が達成できない。一方、Si量が8.0質量%を超えると加工性が著しく低下し、また磁束密度も低下する。そのため、Si量は2.0~8.0質量%の範囲とすることが好ましい。
Mnは、熱間加工性を良好にする上で必要な元素であるが、含有量が0.005質量%未満ではその添加効果に乏しい。一方、 Mn量は1.0質量%を超えると製品板の磁束密度が低下する。そのため、 Mn量は0.005~1.0質量%の範囲とすることが好ましい。
Ni:0.03~1.50質量%、Sn:0.01~1.50質量%、Sb:0.005~1.50質量%、Cu:0.03~3.0質量%、P:0.03~0.50質量%、Mo:0.005~0.10質量%およびCr:0.03~1.50質量%のうちから選んだ少なくとも1種
次に、株式会社リプス・ワークス製のピコ秒レーザー加工機(PiCooLs)を用いて、鋼板に、表1に記載の種々の形状をもつ線状溝を加工した。その際、線状溝の延びる方向と鋼板の圧延方向に直交する方向との成す角度を10°とし、線状溝の相互間隔を3000μmとした。この溝加工後、歪取焼鈍(800℃、2時間、N2雰囲気)を施したのちの、鋼板の磁気特性(W17/50値、W15/60値、B8値)をそれぞれ測定した。それらの結果を表1に示す。
ここで、B8とは800A/mで励磁した際の磁束密度を、W17/50は磁束密度1.7T、50Hzの交流で励磁した際の鉄損を、W15/60は磁束密度1.5T、60Hzの交流で励磁した際の鉄損をそれぞれあらわす。
さらに、溝加工後の鋼板に歪取焼鈍(800℃、2時間、N2雰囲気)を施した。ついで、かかる鋼板の磁気特性(W17/50値、W15/60値、B8値)を測定した。その結果を表2に示す。
2 線状溝
3 凹部
l 線状溝の相互間隔
W 線状溝の開口幅
t 鋼板の厚み
D 線状溝の深さ
d 凹部の深さ
p 凹部の間隔
Claims (5)
- 鋼板の表面に、複数の線状溝を介して細分化した磁区を有する方向性電磁鋼板であって、
前記線状溝の底面に、該溝が延びる方向に以下の式(1)を満足する間隔p(μm)を置いて並ぶ複数の凹部をそなえ、
前記凹部は、以下の式(2)を満足する深さd(μm)を有する方向性電磁鋼板。
0.20W≦p≦1.20W …(1)
ここで、W:線状溝の開口幅(μm)
0.10D≦d≦1.00D …(2)
ここで、D:線状溝の平均深さ(μm) - 前記線状溝の平均深さD(μm)が以下の式(3)を満足する請求項1に記載の方向性電磁鋼板。
0.05t≦D≦0.20t …(3)
ここで、t:鋼板の厚み(μm) - 前記線状溝の延びる方向が、前記鋼板の圧延方向と直交する方向と成す角度が0°以上40°以下である請求項1または2に記載の方向性電磁鋼板。
- 前記線状溝の前記鋼板の圧延方向における相互間隔l(μm)が以下の式(4)を満足する請求項1、2または3に記載の方向性電磁鋼板。
10W≦l≦400W …(4)
ここで、W:線状溝の開口幅(μm) - 前記線状溝の開口幅Wが5μm以上150μm以下である請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の方向性電磁鋼板。
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WO2020203928A1 (ja) * | 2019-03-29 | 2020-10-08 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 方向性電磁鋼板およびその製造方法 |
JP6769587B1 (ja) * | 2019-03-29 | 2020-10-14 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 方向性電磁鋼板およびその製造方法 |
WO2024111642A1 (ja) * | 2022-11-22 | 2024-05-30 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 方向性電磁鋼板及びその製造方法 |
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EP3584330B1 (en) | 2021-09-22 |
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EP3584330A4 (en) | 2019-12-25 |
RU2714729C1 (ru) | 2020-02-19 |
KR20190107079A (ko) | 2019-09-18 |
CN110300808A (zh) | 2019-10-01 |
MX2019009804A (es) | 2019-10-14 |
US11293070B2 (en) | 2022-04-05 |
CA3052692C (en) | 2021-09-14 |
KR102290567B1 (ko) | 2021-08-17 |
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