WO2018147090A1 - 送電装置、受電装置、方法、及びプログラム - Google Patents

送電装置、受電装置、方法、及びプログラム Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018147090A1
WO2018147090A1 PCT/JP2018/002405 JP2018002405W WO2018147090A1 WO 2018147090 A1 WO2018147090 A1 WO 2018147090A1 JP 2018002405 W JP2018002405 W JP 2018002405W WO 2018147090 A1 WO2018147090 A1 WO 2018147090A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power transmission
communication
power
transmission device
unit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/JP2018/002405
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
七野　隆広
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Canon Inc
Original Assignee
Canon Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Canon Inc filed Critical Canon Inc
Publication of WO2018147090A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018147090A1/ja
Priority to US16/534,535 priority Critical patent/US10951270B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Priority to US17/174,108 priority patent/US11750245B2/en
Priority to US18/359,794 priority patent/US12143173B2/en
Priority to US18/888,039 priority patent/US20250015837A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B5/00—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
    • H04B5/70—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes
    • H04B5/79—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes for data transfer in combination with power transfer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
    • H04B1/3827—Portable transceivers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/59—Responders; Transponders
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B5/00—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
    • H04B5/20—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems characterised by the transmission technique; characterised by the transmission medium
    • H04B5/24—Inductive coupling
    • H04B5/26—Inductive coupling using coils
    • H04B5/266—One coil at each side, e.g. with primary and secondary coils
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B5/00—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
    • H04B5/40—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems characterised by components specially adapted for near-field transmission
    • H04B5/45—Transponders
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B5/00—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
    • H04B5/40—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems characterised by components specially adapted for near-field transmission
    • H04B5/48—Transceivers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/80—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a wireless power transmission system.
  • Patent Document 1 describes a power transmission device that performs control communication when power is transmitted from a power transmission coil through the power transmission coil at the same frequency as the transmitted power.
  • communication performed at the same frequency as the transmitted power is referred to as “in-band communication”.
  • Patent Document 2 describes a power transmission device that performs control communication at a frequency different from that of transmitted power via an antenna that is different from a power transmission coil.
  • communication performed at a frequency different from the transmission power is referred to as “out-band communication”.
  • Which of a plurality of communication methods such as in-band communication and out-band communication is appropriate for performing control communication may vary from device to device.
  • conventionally it is necessary to use a different power transmission device for each communication method used by the device, and there is a problem that convenience is low.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide a highly convenient wireless power transmission system in which a plurality of communication methods can be used for control communication.
  • the power transmission device includes a power transmission unit, a first communication unit for communicating with the power reception device, and a second communication for communicating with the power reception device at a radio frequency different from that of the first communication unit.
  • the first communication unit is used for communication for controlling wireless power transmission by the power transmission unit based on the device information acquired from the power receiving device through communication between the first communication unit and the second communication unit. Determining means for determining whether to use communication means.
  • the power transmission device and the power receiving device are either in-band communication in which communication is performed in the same radio frequency band as wireless power transmission, for example, or out-band communication in which communication is performed in a different radio frequency band.
  • control communication can be executed.
  • the power transmission device determines whether to perform control communication by in-band communication or control communication by out-band communication based on information acquired from the power reception device by in-band communication.
  • the acquired information includes, for example, whether or not the power receiving device is compatible with wireless power transmission at high power, whether or not the out-band communication can be performed, or other functions of the power receiving device.
  • the device information may be shown.
  • the present invention is not limited to this, and various information such as the state of the power receiving apparatus can be acquired.
  • the power transmission device can perform control communication by an appropriate method, for example, according to the capability or state of the power receiving device.
  • In-band communication and out-band communication are examples.
  • the power transmission device has an arbitrary first communication function and an arbitrary second communication function using a radio frequency different from the first communication function. Which communication function is to be used can be determined based on the information acquired by the first communication function.
  • the first communication function may use the same radio frequency as the wireless power transmission, or may use a different radio frequency. That is, in the following, in-band communication is used as an example of the first communication function, and out-band communication is used as an example of the second communication function, but the following techniques can be applied in various modes.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a power transmission device 100 according to the present embodiment.
  • the power transmission device 100 includes, for example, a control unit 101, a power source 102, a power transmission unit 103, a communication unit 104, a power transmission coil 105, a RFID (Radio Frequency IDentifier) reader 106, and a memory 107.
  • a control unit 101 a power source 102
  • a power transmission unit 103 includes, for example, a power source 102, a power transmission unit 103, a communication unit 104, a power transmission coil 105, a RFID (Radio Frequency IDentifier) reader 106, and a memory 107.
  • RFID Radio Frequency IDentifier
  • the control unit 101 controls the entire apparatus by executing a control program stored in the memory 107, for example.
  • the control unit 101 may be one or more processors such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit), an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), and a DSP (Digital Signal Processor).
  • the control unit 101 can also use the memory 107 when storing values of variables acquired during execution of the control program.
  • the memory 107 stores a control program executed by the control unit 101 and other information.
  • the power source 102 supplies power to the power transmission unit 103 when the power transmission device 100 performs wireless power transmission.
  • the power source 102 is, for example, a commercial power source or a battery.
  • the power transmission unit 103 converts DC power or AC power input from the power source 102 into frequency band AC power used for wireless power transmission, and generates an electromagnetic wave transmitted via the power transmission coil 105.
  • the power transmission unit 103 according to the present embodiment operates in accordance with a standard established by, for example, the wireless power consortium (WPC) standardization organization for the non-contact charging standard, and the above-described AC power uses a frequency of 100 kHz band. To do.
  • WPC wireless power consortium
  • the power transmission unit 103 is not necessarily limited to this, and the power transmission unit 103 may conform to a standard different from the WPC standard, or a frequency other than the 100 kHz band may be used as the AC power described above.
  • the power transmission unit 103 Based on an instruction from the control unit 101, the power transmission unit 103 outputs an electromagnetic wave for transmitting power from the power transmission coil 105 to a counterpart device (for example, the power receiving device 200) for wireless power transmission.
  • the power transmission unit 103 can control the intensity of the electromagnetic wave to be output by adjusting the voltage (power transmission voltage) or current (power transmission current) input to the power transmission coil 105. When the transmission voltage or transmission current is increased, the intensity of the electromagnetic wave transmitted accordingly increases. Further, the power transmission unit 103 can perform control to stop power transmission from the power transmission coil 105 based on an instruction from the control unit 101.
  • the communication unit 104 performs control communication related to wireless power transmission based on the WPC standard with the communication unit 204 of the power receiving apparatus 200. Note that the communication unit 104 performs control communication by in-band communication performed at the same frequency as the wireless power transmission.
  • the communication unit 104 may transmit information by modulating the electromagnetic wave output from the power transmission unit 105. Further, the communication unit 104 may acquire information by load modulation performed by the power receiving device that has received the electromagnetic wave output from the power transmission unit 105.
  • the communication part 104 may perform communication other than control communication as needed.
  • the reader 106 is, for example, an interrogator that conforms to the ISO / IEC 18000-63 standard, which is an RFID standard for the UHF band (900 MHz band).
  • the reader 106 supplies power to operate the RFID tag by transmitting a carrier wave without interruption, and reads information stored in a memory in the RFID tag and writes information to the memory. Can do.
  • the reader 106 performs control communication when the power transmission unit 103 transmits power to the power reception unit 205 of the power receiving device 200 by out-band communication in which communication is performed at a frequency different from that of wireless power transmission.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the power receiving device 200 according to the present embodiment.
  • the power receiving apparatus 200 includes, for example, a control unit 201, an RFID tag 202, a power receiving coil 203, a communication unit 204, a power receiving unit 205, a charging unit 206, and a battery 207.
  • control unit 201 is connected to the tag 202, the communication unit 204, and the power receiving unit 205, and controls the entire power receiving apparatus 200 by executing a control program stored in a memory (not shown), for example.
  • the control unit 201 can be, for example, one or more processors such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit), an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), a DSP (Digital Signal Processor).
  • CPU Central Processing Unit
  • ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
  • FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
  • DSP Digital Signal Processor
  • the tag 202 is a UHF band (900 MHz band) RFID tag that operates in accordance with the same standard as the reader 106 of the power transmission apparatus 100.
  • the tag 202 operates using a carrier wave transmitted by the reader 106 as activation power, and performs control communication with the reader 106 when the power receiving unit 205 receives power from the power transmitting unit 103 of the power transmitting apparatus 100 by out-band communication. Do.
  • the memory in the tag 202 is composed of four banks (UII memory or EPC memory, TID memory, USER memory, and RESERVED memory).
  • UII is an acronym for Unique Item Identifier
  • EPC is for Electrical Product code
  • TID is Tag Identifier.
  • the UII memory or EPC memory stores UII or EPC which is identification information of a product on which a tag is mounted.
  • the TID memory stores an identification code of the tag manufacturer.
  • the USER memory stores information that can be freely used by the tag user.
  • the RESERVED memory can store a password for accessing each memory bank, a password for invalidating a chip, and the like.
  • the reader can read / write data from / to the memory in the tag in three stages of select (Select), inventory (Inventory), and access (Access).
  • the reader can acquire some information such as UII or EPC stored in the memory area in the tag in the inventory stage among these stages.
  • the communication unit 204 performs control communication of wireless power transmission based on the WPC standard with the communication unit 104 of the power transmission apparatus 100 by in-band communication.
  • the communication unit 204 may acquire information by demodulating the modulated electromagnetic wave from the power transmission apparatus 100. Further, the communication unit 204 may change the load of the power receiving unit 205 and transmit information by load modulation. Note that the communication unit 204 may perform communication other than control communication as necessary.
  • the power receiving unit 205 receives the power transmitted from the power transmitting unit 103 of the power transmitting apparatus 100 via the power receiving coil 203, converts the power into a DC voltage, and supplies the DC voltage to the charging unit 206.
  • the power receiving coil 203 and the power receiving unit 205 are configured to be able to extract electric power from electromagnetic waves transmitted from a device that operates in compliance with the WPC standard such as the power transmitting device 100.
  • the charging unit 206 performs control for charging the battery 207 with the DC voltage supplied from the power receiving unit 205.
  • the power transmission device 100 and the power reception device 200 may be devices that exclusively perform wireless power transmission, but may be image input devices such as imaging devices (cameras, video cameras, etc.) and scanners, It can be an image output device such as a printer, a copier, or a projector.
  • the power transmission device 100 and the power reception device 200 may be storage devices such as a hard disk device or a memory device, or may be information processing devices such as a personal computer (PC) or a smartphone. That is, the power transmitting device 100 and the power receiving device 200 can be any electronic device having a function of performing wireless power transmission. In this case, for example, the output destination of the power received by the power receiving unit 205 may not be the charging unit 206.
  • the power receiving unit 205 is directly connected to a predetermined circuit in the electronic device including the power receiving device 200, and the circuit In contrast, the received power may be supplied.
  • FIG. 3B shows a state where the power receiving device 200 is placed on the power transmitting device 100.
  • a broken line 300 exemplifies a power transmission possible range of the power transmission unit 103 and a range in which in-band communication by the communication unit 104 can be performed.
  • An alternate long and short dash line 301 exemplifies a range in which out-of-band communication by the reader 106 can be performed. As shown in FIG. 3A, the range in which out-band communication can be performed is wider than the range in which in-band communication can be performed.
  • FIG. 4 is a time chart showing an outline of the flow of processing executed in the power transmission unit 103 and reader 106 of the power transmission device 100 and the tag 202 and power reception unit 205 of the power reception device 200 according to the present embodiment.
  • the horizontal axis indicates time
  • the vertical axis indicates power in each of the power transmission unit 103, the reader 106, the tag 202, and the power reception unit 205.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a flow of processing executed by the power transmitting apparatus 100
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a flow of processing executed by the power receiving apparatus 200.
  • the process indicated by the dotted line is an option, and is not necessarily executed.
  • each process indicated by the dotted line may be omitted and the process of S603 may be executed.
  • the process of S603 may be executed.
  • the power transmission unit 103 performs an operation determined in the Selection phase of the WPC standard from time t1 to t2.
  • the Selection phase is a phase in which the power transmission device 100 performs object detection, and the power transmission unit 103 periodically transmits Analog Ping 400, which is minute power for detecting an object placed on the power transmission device 100 in this phase. To do.
  • Analog Ping 400 which is minute power for detecting an object placed on the power transmission device 100 in this phase.
  • the power transmission unit 103 can detect the presence of an object within the power transmission possible range by monitoring the voltage of the power transmission coil 105.
  • the power receiving device 200 is placed on the power transmitting device 100, and the power transmitting unit 103 detects an object and notifies the control unit 101 at time t2.
  • the power transmission device 100 shifts from the Selection phase to the Ping phase, and starts the processing of FIG. 5 can be started when the control unit 101 executes a program stored in the memory 107, for example.
  • the power receiving apparatus 200 can start the process of FIG. 6 when the power receiving unit 205 is powered on. For example, in the power receiving device 200, when the power is turned on or the wireless power transmission function is turned on, the process of FIG. 6 can be started.
  • control unit 201 and the power receiving unit 205 of the power receiving apparatus 200 may be activated in response to the reception of Digital Ping in S601 in FIG. Note that the reader 106 of the power transmission device 100 does not transmit a carrier wave during the period of time t1-t2.
  • the power transmission unit 103 transmits Digital Ping.
  • Digital Ping is power for supplying power to the power receiving unit 205 to start it up and performing in-band communication, and has higher power than Analog Ping.
  • the power receiving apparatus 200 transmits a Signal Strength (SS) Packet that is a packet that stores the received Digital Ping voltage value. Then, in response to the power transmission device 100 receiving this packet, the process proceeds to the I & C phase.
  • SS Signal Strength
  • the power reception unit 205 transmits the identification information to the power transmission unit 103 as Identification (ID) Packet. Thereafter, the power receiving unit 205 transmits a configuration packet storing information including the maximum value of the power supplied to the load (in this case, the charging unit 206). Thereafter, the power receiving unit 205 transmits a Negotiation Request Packet for shifting to the Negotiation phase.
  • the power transmission unit 103 transmits an ACK indicating approval to the Negotiation Request Packet
  • the process shifts to the Negotiation phase.
  • the power transmission unit 103 transmits a NAK indicating rejection to the Negotiation Request Packet
  • the power transmission unit 103 stops the power transmission of Digital Ping, and the process returns to the Selection phase.
  • the identification information transmitted by the power receiving unit 205 in the I & C phase has a configuration as shown in FIG.
  • Major Version 701 and Minor Version 702 indicate WPC standard versions.
  • Major Version 701 is set to “1”
  • Minor Version 702 is set to “2”.
  • the WPC standard version 1.2 is a standard for transmitting small power (maximum 15 watts).
  • in-band communication is used in control communication related to power transmission in this standard.
  • out-band communication is used for control communication related to power transmission. To do.
  • the Manufacture ID 703 indicates an identification number indicating the manufacturer of the power receiving unit 205 or the power receiving device 200
  • the Device ID 704 indicates a solid identification number of the power receiving unit 205 or the power receiving device 200.
  • a combination of Manufacture ID 703 and Device ID 704 of a certain device does not overlap with a combination of Manufacture ID 703 and Device ID 704 of another device.
  • the combination of Manufacture ID 703 and Device ID 704 is referred to as individual identification information.
  • identification information as shown in FIG. 7 is included in the memory area of the tag 202 as UII or EPC.
  • the power transmission unit 103 and the power reception unit 205 negotiate power to be transmitted and received.
  • the process proceeds to the calibration phase. Since the calibration phase is not related to the following description, a description thereof is omitted here, but here, a process generally performed by a device that performs wireless power transmission with WPC is executed.
  • the calibration phase is completed, the power receiving unit 205 shifts to a power transfer (PT) phase in which power is supplied to a load.
  • PT power transfer
  • the process proceeds to the PT phase, and when NAK is transmitted, the process remains in the calibration phase.
  • an arrow 401 in FIG. 4 indicates that in-band communication from the Ping phase to the Negotiation phase is being performed between the power transmission unit 103 and the power reception unit 205.
  • the control unit 101 and the power transmission unit 103 of the power transmission device 100 detect the object (power reception device 200), and thus transmit Digital Ping (S501).
  • the control unit 201 of the power receiving apparatus 200 When receiving the Digital Ping (S601), the control unit 201 of the power receiving apparatus 200 is activated by supplying the power and determines whether or not the battery 207 needs to be charged. For example, this determination can be made according to whether or not the remaining amount of the battery 207 is equal to or greater than a predetermined value. If the power receiving unit 205 determines that charging is not necessary, the power receiving unit 205 transmits an end power transfer (EPT), which is a message indicating that power transmission is stopped, to the power transmitting unit 103 by in-band communication. Here, the power receiving unit 205 determines that charging is necessary, and does not transmit an EPT. Then, the control unit of the power receiving apparatus transmits the SS packet, the ID packet, and the configuration packet to the power transmitting apparatus 100.
  • EPT end power transfer
  • the control unit 201 of the power receiving apparatus 200 determines whether or not control communication can be performed using the RFID (S602). For example, the control unit 201 accesses the memory in the tag 202 by wired communication such as I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit). If the access is possible, the control unit 201 determines that the tag is activated and that the RFID control communication can be executed. If the access is not possible, the RFID control communication cannot be executed. Is determined. According to FIG. 4, during the period from time t2 to t3, the reader 106 is not transmitting the carrier wave, and the tag 202 is not activated. For this reason, the control unit 201 determines that control communication cannot be performed using RFID because the tag 202 cannot be accessed (NO in S602), and determines that control communication is performed using in-band communication instead of RFID (S603).
  • I2C Inter-Integrated Circuit
  • the power transmission unit 103 does not receive the EPT (NO in S502), but receives the SS packet and the ID packet (and configuration packet) (S503, S504).
  • the control unit 101 stores the information element stored in the ID packet in the memory 107 (S505).
  • the control unit 101 determines whether or not control communication by RFID can be executed (S506). It should be noted that the determination as to whether control communication by RFID can be executed can be a determination as to whether large power can be transmitted.
  • the control unit 101 can confirm whether the power receiving apparatus 200 is compatible with control communication using RFID based on the identification information as shown in FIG. 7 stored in the ID packet.
  • the power receiving apparatus 200 corresponds to the high power standard and can perform control communication using RFID.
  • the communication unit 204 of the power receiving apparatus 200 transmits, for example, information indicating the high power standard in the Major Version and Minor Version of the ID Packet.
  • the control unit 101 of the power transmission apparatus 100 determines from this IDPacket that RFID control communication can be executed with the power receiving apparatus 200 (YES in S506), and the control communication is executed by RFID communication instead of in-band communication. Then, it is determined (S507). In this case, the power transmission device 100 performs processing for switching control communication from in-band communication to out-band communication.
  • the power transmission unit 103 of the power transmission device 100 stops Digital Ping, thereby ending the control sequence by in-band communication. For example, when receiving the Negotiation Request packet transmitted by the power receiving apparatus 200 (S508), the power transmitting apparatus 100 transmits a NAK as a response (S509). The power transmission device 100 stops Digital Ping at time t3 after transmitting the NAK (S510). In this case, when transmitting the Digital Ping again, the power transmitting apparatus 100 performs the control by out-band communication as will be described later.
  • the reader 106 of the power transmitting apparatus 100 detects the tag 202 of the power receiving apparatus 200, and the reader 106 can read and write the memory in the tag 202.
  • the control unit 101 of the power transmission apparatus 100 causes the reader 106 to transmit a carrier wave and starts supplying driving power to the tag 202 of the power reception apparatus 200 (S511).
  • the tag 202 receives the carrier wave. to start.
  • the reader 106 executes inventory processing (S512). In the inventory process, the reader 106 first transmits a Query command to the tag 202.
  • the tag 202 transmits RN16, which is a 16-bit random bit string, to the reader 106.
  • the reader 106 transmits ACK (RN16) storing the RN16 to the tag 202.
  • ACK ACK
  • the tag 202 transmits UII or EPC, which is identification information of a product (that is, the power receiving apparatus 200) on which the tag 202 is mounted, to the reader 106.
  • the reader 106 transmits to the tag 202 a Req_RN command that requests “Handle”, which is a 16-bit authentication number (Authentication number) that is used when reading and writing to the memory in the tag 202.
  • the tag 202 transmits Handle to the reader 106. With these processes, the reader 106 can perform reading and writing with respect to the memory in the tag 202.
  • an arrow 402 in FIG. 4 indicates out-band communication between the tag 202 and the reader 106. Note that at time t4 to t5, the power transmission unit 103 does not transmit Digital Ping, and the control unit 201 and the power reception unit 205 of the power reception device 200 remain powered off.
  • the control unit 101 of the power transmission apparatus 100 compares the identification information with the identification information of the power receiving apparatus 200 stored in the memory 107 in S505 (S513).
  • the identification information identical to the identification information included in the ID packet is included in the memory area (UII or EPC) of the tag, the identification information included in the UII or EPC and the identification information included in the ID packet are included. Match (YES in S514).
  • the control unit 101 of the power transmission device 100 receives the power reception device in which the power reception device 200 on which the tag 202 that has performed out-band communication in the period from time t4 to t5 is mounted performs in-band communication in the period from time t2 to t3. 200 can be determined to be the same. For this reason, the control unit 101 of the power transmission apparatus 100 determines the tag 202 that is the acquisition source of the identification information as the partner of control communication using the reader 106 (S515).
  • the identification information included in the ID packet and the identification information stored in the memory 107 do not necessarily coincide with each other, and the identification information is related to the same power receiving apparatus 200. It is enough to have a corresponding relationship. For example, when the identification information included in the ID packet is used as an argument and the value of the calculation result by a predetermined function that returns different results for different arguments is the same as the value of the identification information stored in the memory 107, It can be determined that these pieces of information have a predetermined correspondence.
  • the control unit 101 of the power transmission apparatus 100 executes a WPC sequence via out-band communication.
  • An arrow 403 in FIG. 4 is a WPC standard control communication performed using the communication between the reader 106 and the tag 202 enabled by the arrow 402, and corresponds to the control from the Ping phase to immediately before the PT phase. To do.
  • the control unit 101 of the power transmission device 100 causes the power transmission unit 103 to transmit Digital Ping (S516).
  • the control unit 201 of the power receiving apparatus 200 determines whether or not control communication can be performed using the RFID (S602), as in the case described above.
  • the control unit 201 can access the memory in the tag 202 via wired communication such as I2C, for example. For this reason, the control unit 201 determines that control communication with RFID can be performed (YES in S602), and determines that control communication is performed with RFID (S604).
  • the control unit 101 of the power transmission apparatus 100 executes the processes of the I & C phase, Negotiation phase, and Calibration phase as described above by out-band communication between the reader 106 and the tag 202 (S517).
  • the control unit 101 of the power transmission device 100 transmits ACK to the Negotiation Request transmitted by the power receiving device 200. This is because when the Negotiation Request is received, the control communication is performed by out-band communication, so that it is not necessary to switch from in-band communication to out-band communication.
  • control communication at t5-t7 uses the USER memory in the memory area of the RFID tag.
  • the power receiving apparatus 200 transmits EPT when charging of the battery 207 is completed at time t7.
  • the control unit 101 of the power transmission device 100 stops the power transmission from the power transmission unit 103 (S520), and controls the reader 106 to stop the transmission of the carrier wave (S521). That is, the control unit 101 stops the supply of driving power from the reader 106 to the tag 202 as the power transmission from the power transmission unit 103 is stopped.
  • the control unit 101 of the power transmission device 100 performs the above-described operation of the Selection phase. That is, the power transmission unit 103 periodically transmits Analog Ping.
  • the control unit 101 of the power transmitting apparatus 100 transmits Digital Ping at time t8.
  • the control unit 201 of the power receiving apparatus 200 transmits the EPT to the power transmitting apparatus 100 because the charging of the battery 207 has been completed (arrow 404 in FIG. 4). Note that since the reader 106 stops transmitting the carrier wave at the time t7, this control communication is executed by in-band communication instead of RFID.
  • the power transmission device can determine whether the power reception device can use the out-band communication based on the device information received from the power reception device, for example, by ID Packet or the like. Accordingly, the power transmission device can appropriately (for example, with high power) perform wireless power transmission with the power reception device that can use out-band communication.
  • the control unit 101 of the power transmission apparatus 100 receives the ID packet from the power reception apparatus 200 by in-band communication at time t2-t3 (S504).
  • the control unit 101 determines that control communication with RFID cannot be executed (NO in S506), and in-band communication. Then, it is determined that the control communication is continued (S522). Thereafter, the control communication described as being executed in the out-band communication at the above-described time t5-t8 is executed in the in-band communication.
  • the power transmission apparatus can determine whether the power reception apparatus is an apparatus that should use in-band communication based on the device information received from the power reception apparatus, for example, by ID Packet. And a power transmission apparatus can perform wireless power transmission appropriately also between the power receiving apparatuses which should use in-band communication.
  • the power receiving apparatus 200 of the present embodiment performs in-band communication accordingly (time t2-t3), and the power transmitting apparatus 100 is performing out-band communication. In this case, out-band communication is performed accordingly (time t4-t7).
  • the power receiving apparatus 200 selects a control communication method in accordance with the operation of the power transmitting apparatus 100. For this reason, even if the power transmission device 100 supports only in-band communication, the power reception device 200 does not become unable to perform control communication with the power transmission device 100.
  • the power transmission device 100 can perform control communication regardless of whether the power reception device 200 supports out-band communication or in-band communication, and is convenient for the wireless power transmission system. Can be improved.
  • the reader 106 of the power transmission device 100 transmits a carrier wave in a period (for example, time t4-t7) in which a power receiving device corresponding to RFID exists in a power transmission possible range and charging is necessary. According to this, it is possible to reduce the power consumption of the power transmission device 100 and reduce the radio wave interference with the surrounding wireless system as compared with the case where the reader 106 continues to transmit the carrier wave during the time t1 to t8. Note that the reader 106 may continuously transmit a carrier wave.
  • the time for the reader to transmit the carrier wave can be shortened as much as possible. That is, power transmission may be started after it is confirmed that the RFID can be used, and power transmission may be stopped immediately when it is determined that RFID control communication is not necessary.
  • the reader 106 starts transmitting the carrier wave, and the reader 106 immediately stops the carrier wave when receiving the EPT at t7. Like to do. As a result, the time during which the reader 106 transmits the carrier wave can be limited to a necessary minimum.
  • control unit 101 of the power transmission apparatus 100 transmits the digital ping at t5 after the reader 106 is ready to read and write to the tag 202 from t4 to t5, that is, after control communication is possible. I tried to do it.
  • the control unit 101 of the power transmission apparatus 100 selects a tag to be read / written based on the identification information of the power receiving apparatus received through in-band communication and the identification information received through out-band communication (period t3). -T4, NO in S514).
  • the power transmission device 100 can appropriately select and communicate with a partner device (power receiving device 200) for wireless power transmission.
  • a partner device power receiving device 200
  • FIG. 3B it is assumed that a tag 202 (a tag of the power receiving device 200) corresponding to the WPC standard and a tag 302 not corresponding to the WPC standard exist around the power transmitting device 100.
  • the power transmitting apparatus 100 acquires identification information of both the tag 202 and the tag 302 of the power receiving apparatus 200 in S513. At this time, the power transmitting apparatus 100 does not select the tag 302 as an RFID access target in order to compare the acquired identification information with the identification information acquired by in-band communication in S505 (NO in S514). Further, even when the tag 302 is provided in another power receiving device corresponding to the high power standard, the power transmitting device 100 has not acquired the identification information of the other power receiving device in the in-band communication. Are not selected as RFID access targets.
  • the power transmission apparatus 100 distinguishes between the tag 302 and the tag 202. Can do.
  • control unit 101 of the power transmission device 100 can appropriately select a tag to be accessed even when wireless power transmission systems are adjacent as illustrated in FIG. 3C by selecting a tag to be connected based on individual identification information. it can.
  • the power transmission device 304 and the power reception device 303 exist adjacent to the system as illustrated in FIG. 3A, and the range in which the power transmission device 304 can perform out-band communication is indicated by a two-dot chain line 305.
  • the reader 106 of the power transmission device 100 and the reader of the power transmission device 304 can communicate with both the tags of the power reception device 200 and the power reception device 303.
  • the in-band communication possible ranges of the power transmission device 100 and the power transmission device 304 do not overlap. For this reason, based on the individual identification information acquired by in-band communication, the power transmission device 100 can perform out-band communication using RFID with the power reception device 200 and the power transmission device 304 with power reception device 303, respectively. .
  • an error may occur due to the influence of the radio wave environment.
  • the power transmission device 100 may perform switching so as to perform control communication by in-band communication.
  • the power that can be transmitted by wireless power transmission can be limited to, for example, 15 watts of the WPC 1.2 standard using in-band communication instead of 50 watts of the high power standard using out-band communication.
  • control data is superimposed by applying load modulation to the transmission power waveform and changing the voltage amplitude slightly. And since the variation of the voltage amplitude which generate
  • the identification information (FIG. 7) of the power receiving apparatus of the present embodiment is stored in the UII or EPC memory in the memory area of the tag 202, it may be stored in the TID memory or stored in the USER memory. May be.
  • the reader 106 may be set so that the writing cannot be performed. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the identification information from being deliberately rewritten from a malicious reader.
  • the power transmission device 100 determines switching from in-band communication to out-band communication based on the identification information of the power reception device 200 .
  • the present invention is not limited to this, and the power receiving device 200 may determine switching from in-band communication to out-band communication based on the identification information of the power transmission device 100. This can be executed based on, for example, S605 to S607 shown as options in FIG.
  • the power receiving apparatus 200 transmits a negotiation Request at time t2-t3. And the power transmission apparatus 100 transmits ACK with respect to this, and a process transfers to Negotiation phase.
  • the power receiving apparatus 200 transmits a message requesting identification information (ID) of the power transmitting apparatus 100 to the power transmitting apparatus 100 (S605).
  • the power receiving apparatus can transmit a general request packet for making various requests to the power transmitting apparatus.
  • the content of the request can be specified in the packet header.
  • the power receiving apparatus can transmit a transmission request for Power Transmitter Identification by specifying a header value of 0x30. With this request, the power receiving apparatus can acquire the same information as FIG.
  • the power receiving apparatus determines whether or not the RFID is mounted based on the identification information of the power transmitting apparatus acquired in S605, that is, for example, whether or not the high power standard is supported (S606).
  • the power receiving apparatus determines that the power transmission apparatus can perform control communication using RFID (YES in S606)
  • the power receiving apparatus determines to execute control communication using RFID (S604).
  • the power receiving apparatus may transmit the EPT (S607) and return the wireless power transmission process to the Selection phase. Also by such processing, control communication related to wireless power transmission can be performed between the power transmitting apparatus and the power receiving apparatus using an appropriate communication method.
  • the power transmission method used in the wireless power transmission system is not particularly limited.
  • a magnetic field resonance method in which electric power is transmitted by coupling of magnetic field resonance (resonance) between the resonator (resonance element) of the power transmission device and the resonator (resonance element) of the power reception device can be used.
  • An induction method, an electric field resonance method, a microwave method, a laser, or the like may be used.
  • an RFID interface in the UHF band is used as an interface for executing out-of-band communication.
  • the present invention is not limited to this.
  • an interface compliant with the Bluetooth (registered trademark) Low Energy (BLE) standard or the Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)) standard may be used as an interface for executing out-band communication.
  • the reader 106 of the power transmission apparatus 100 can communicate as a BLE standard central (control station).
  • the tag 202 of the power receiving apparatus 200 can communicate as a BLE standard peripheral (slave station). If the power receiving apparatus 200 recognizes that the power transmitting apparatus supports control communication using the BLE standard in S606, the power receiving apparatus 200 can transmit the Advertise packet including the information element of FIG. 7 to the power transmitting apparatus in S607.
  • the Advertise packet is a packet for the peripheral to convey information about itself.
  • the power transmission device 100 determines the power receiving device 200 existing in the power transmission possible range as the communication partner of the control communication by the processes of S513 and S514 described above, and transmits a Connect packet to the power receiving device 200.
  • the Connect packet is a packet for establishing a wireless connection with the peripheral that transmitted the Advertise packet, and is defined by the BLE standard. As described above, the same effect as the above-described processing can be obtained.
  • the power transmission device 100 can be an access point and the power reception device 200 can be a station.
  • the power receiving apparatus 200 may store the information element of FIG. 7 in the Probe Request packet and transmit it as information related to itself.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 can be realized, for example, by the CPU executing a program, but at least a part thereof may be realized by hardware.
  • some operations can be realized by hardware.
  • a gate array circuit different from the FPGA may be used, and, unlike a circuit such as an FPGA, some operations may be executed by non-programmable hardware such as an ASIC.
  • the present invention supplies a program that realizes one or more functions of the above-described embodiments to a system or apparatus via a network or a storage medium, and one or more processors in the computer of the system or apparatus read and execute the program This process can be realized. It can also be realized by a circuit (for example, ASIC) that realizes one or more functions.
  • a circuit for example, ASIC

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US18/359,794 US12143173B2 (en) 2017-02-08 2023-07-26 Power transmission apparatus, power reception apparatus, method, and recording medium
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