WO2018126436A1 - 复合环氧树脂板材及其成形方法 - Google Patents

复合环氧树脂板材及其成形方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018126436A1
WO2018126436A1 PCT/CN2017/070415 CN2017070415W WO2018126436A1 WO 2018126436 A1 WO2018126436 A1 WO 2018126436A1 CN 2017070415 W CN2017070415 W CN 2017070415W WO 2018126436 A1 WO2018126436 A1 WO 2018126436A1
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Prior art keywords
powder
epoxy resin
waste
raw material
composite epoxy
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PCT/CN2017/070415
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
宋党记
Original Assignee
广东欧铭新材料科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2018126436A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018126436A1/zh

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    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of non-metal composite materials, and particularly relates to a composite epoxy resin sheet and a forming method thereof.
  • the plates can be divided into solid wood boards, fiber boards, particle boards, etc. according to the forming type.
  • the reinforced sheet is a sheet which is hot-pressed by impregnating a thermosetting amino resin with one or more layers of special paper, paving the surface layer of a wood-based board such as particle board or fiberboard, and adding a balance layer on the back side and a wear layer on the front side.
  • This reinforced sheet has a large market share due to its affordable price, anti-fouling, abrasion resistance and the ability to print a variety of colors.
  • solid wood panels and reinforced panels have a very obvious disadvantage: when exposed to a humid environment, their performance will be poor, and they will expand and bend due to moisture, resulting in uneven surfaces and even gaps between the floor and the floor. Fibreboard or particleboard in the board breaks down, causing permanent, irreparable damage.
  • Patent CN102686667B discloses a waterproof and fireproof zero carbon ecological board manufactured by using waste electronic circuit board powder and a manufacturing process thereof, wherein the preparation raw material comprises the following percentages of weight: waste electronic circuit board powder 70% to 90%, phenolic resin glue 7% ⁇ 12%, chemical fiber 3% to 22%.
  • the scheme can recycle the waste electronic circuit board, it is necessary to add phenolic resin glue as a glue binder in the forming process to be composited into a board having a certain strength.
  • the main object of the present invention is to provide a composite epoxy resin sheet, which aims to solve the problem that the existing sheet material is poorly decomposed and deteriorated by moisture, and the existing sheet forming process using the waste electronic circuit board powder is complicated.
  • the present invention provides a composite epoxy resin sheet, the raw material of which comprises the following components by weight: 5% to 100% of waste prepreg powder, and 0% to 95% of waste electronic circuit board powder.
  • the raw material for preparing the plate further comprises an epoxy plastic article or a phenolic product waste powder in a weight percentage of 1% to 90%, and the sum of the percentages of all the components is 100%.
  • the raw material for preparing the plate further comprises 1% to 80% by weight of stone powder, and the sum of the percentages of all components is 100%, and the stone powder is made of waste produced by marble mining or processing.
  • the raw material for preparing the sheet further comprises 1% to 45% by weight of PVC powder and/or PE powder and/or HDPE powder, and the sum of the percentages of all components is 100%.
  • the raw material for preparing the plate further comprises straw bamboo powder of 1% to 80% by weight, and the sum of the percentages of all the components is 100%, and the straw bamboo powder is straw powder and wood saw powder. Or one or more of the bamboo saw powder.
  • the raw material for preparing the plate further comprises 1% to 20% by weight of chemical fiber powder, and the sum of the percentages of all components is 100%.
  • the raw material for preparing the sheet further comprises calcium carbonate powder in an amount of 1% to 80% by weight, and the sum of the percentages of all the components is 100%.
  • the raw material for preparing the sheet further comprises 0.01% to 20% by weight of copper powder, and the sum of the percentages of all the components is 100%.
  • the raw material for preparing the sheet further comprises 0.01% to 20% by weight of aluminum powder, and the sum of the percentages of all the components is 100%.
  • the raw material for preparing the plate further comprises a glue binder of 1% to 20% by weight, and the sum of the percentages of all the components is 100%
  • the glue binder comprises a phenolic resin sol, an epoxy One or more of a resin sol, an isocyanate sol, and a polyvinyl alcohol gel.
  • the raw material for preparing the plate further comprises an additive of 1% to 10% by weight, And the sum of the percentages of all the components is 100%, and the additive is one or more of a toner, a lubricant, an ultraviolet ray inhibitor, an antioxidant, a reinforcing agent, a carbide stabilizer, an antifungal agent, and a coupling agent. .
  • the raw material for preparing the plate material comprises the following components by weight: 5% to 95% of waste prepreg powder, 1% to 95% of waste electronic circuit board powder, 1% of epoxy plastic product or phenolic plastic product waste powder ⁇ 90%, stone powder 0% ⁇ 80%, PVC powder and/or PE powder and/or HDPE powder 0% ⁇ 45%, copper powder 0% ⁇ 20%, aluminum powder 0% ⁇ 20%, toner 0% ⁇ 5 %, straw bamboo powder 0% ⁇ 80%, chemical fiber powder 0% ⁇ 20%, calcium carbonate powder 0% ⁇ 80%, glue binder 0% ⁇ 20%, antioxidant 0% ⁇ 1%, enhancer 0% to 1%, carbide stabilizer 0% to 1%, coupling agent 0% to 5%, wherein the sum of the percentages of all components is 100%.
  • the raw material for preparing the plate material comprises the following components by weight: 5%-80% of waste prepreg powder, 1%-70% of waste electronic circuit board powder, 1% of epoxy plastic product or phenolic plastic product waste powder ⁇ 70%, stone powder 1% to 50%, PVC powder and / or PE powder and / or HDPE powder 1% ⁇ 45%, copper powder 0.01% ⁇ 1%, aluminum powder 0.01% ⁇ 1%, toner 0.01% ⁇ 1 %, straw bamboo powder 1% ⁇ 40%, chemical fiber powder 1% ⁇ 20%, calcium carbonate powder 1% ⁇ 10%, glue binder 1% ⁇ 10%, antioxidant 0% ⁇ 1%, enhancer 0% to 1%, carbide stabilizer 0% to 1%, coupling agent 0% to 1%.
  • the invention also provides a method for forming a composite epoxy resin sheet, comprising:
  • the raw material prepared by the step S1 is sent to a paving machine for pre-pressing to prepare a slab, and then the prepared slab is sent into a press for press forming.
  • the raw material prepared by the step S1 is sent to an extruder for extrusion molding.
  • the raw material prepared by the step S1 is first sent to an internal mixer for heating and mixing, and then sent to a press machine for press forming;
  • step S3 the plate pressed in step S2 is pulled out, trimmed, and stacked for health.
  • the preparation process of the waste prepreg powder is: recovering the scrap produced by the prepreg production process, after being crushed and grinding, and removing the metal;
  • the preparation process of the waste electronic circuit board powder is: recycling electronic circuit board production and processing The resulting scrap and the waste electronic circuit board are broken
  • the preparation process of the epoxy plastic product or the phenolic plastic waste material is: recycling waste epoxy plastic products or phenolic plastic products, and production of epoxy plastic products or phenolic plastic products. Scraps, grinding powder, after crushing and grinding, and removing metal;
  • the step of feeding the slab into the press for press forming comprises:
  • the slab is fed into the press through a steel plate or an aluminum plate or an epoxy resin plate for pressurization, and the press heats and transfers through the heat transfer oil, the heating temperature is 100 ° C to 250 ° C, and the press is synchronously closed and pressurized for 0.5 min to 1 After the minute, the pressure is maintained for 2 minutes to 3 minutes, and the pressure is released after the pressure is maintained for 4 minutes to 90 minutes.
  • the method further comprises: S4, sanding, inspecting, cleaning, and storing the sheet.
  • the invention also provides a composite epoxy floor or decorative board, comprising a core, a surface decorative layer and a balancing layer respectively bonded to both sides of the core, the core being the composite epoxy resin according to any one of the above Plate.
  • the invention is mainly made of waste prepreg powder and waste electronic circuit board powder, and the waste prepreg is derived from scrap scrap produced by the prepreg production and processing, and the waste electronic circuit board powder is derived from scrap scrap produced by electronic circuit board production and processing.
  • the recycling of scrap scraps produced by the production and processing of prepregs and the scrap scrap produced by the production and processing of electronic circuit boards have solved a large amount of waste generated by industrial production.
  • the invention is also made of epoxy plastic products or phenolic plastic products waste powder, the epoxy plastic products or phenolic plastic products waste powder from shipyards, epoxy resin model manufacturers, aerospace factories, automobile manufacturers, The thermosetting plastic waste generated by the sporting goods manufacturer and the electronics and electrical appliance manufacturing plant, including the scrap or the powder produced by the grinding, realizes the recycling of any epoxy plastic products or phenolic plastic products waste.
  • the prepreg is mainly made of epoxy resin and glass fiber cloth or glass fiber mesh, and the content of epoxy resin accounts for 20%-80%, the semi-cured epoxy resin has excellent bonding strength, It melts when hot pressed to produce a good bond with other components, and can be used with other glue binders, which not only reduces the use of glue adhesives, or even the addition of glue binders.
  • the waste electronic circuit board powder also mainly contains epoxy resin and glass fiber
  • the phenolic resin product is mainly phenolic resin, epoxy resin, phenolic resin and glass fiber, so that the obtained plate has high strength, Toughness also has excellent heat resistance, insulation, chemical stability and dimensional stability, and corrosion resistance.
  • the invention also uses the stone powder as an auxiliary material, which not only realizes the recycling and reuse of the waste generated during the marble mining or processing, but also the stone powder can occupy the volume to play the role, improve the rigidity of the plate and reduce the cost, and reduce the shrinkage rate of the plate. Improve the mechanical properties of the sheet and increase the hardness and specific modulus of the material.
  • the invention can also add PVC, PE, HDPE thermoplastics, can increase the mechanical strength and dielectric properties of the board, and make the composite process of the board easier to form.
  • the invention uses calcium carbonate powder as a filler, which not only can increase the volume of the product, reduce the production cost, but also can reinforce and increase the dimensional stability of the sheet.
  • the invention can also be added into the preparation raw material by using copper powder or aluminum powder as a filler, the copper powder has good thermal conductivity, and the aluminum powder has good fireproof performance, and both can improve the thermal conductivity of the plate.
  • the present invention can also add various additives to the preparation raw materials to improve the properties of the sheet.
  • the antioxidant can inhibit the aging of the sheet during processing or application
  • the reinforcing agent can improve the dispersibility and fluidity of the resin
  • the carbide is stable.
  • the agent is also used to prevent or inhibit the aging of the sheet, and the lubricant can reduce the mutual friction between the powder particles during the press forming process and reduce the difficulty of demolding.
  • FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of an embodiment of a method for forming a composite epoxy resin sheet according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a composite epoxy resin floor or decorative panel according to the present invention.
  • the invention provides a composite epoxy resin sheet, wherein the preparation raw material comprises the following components by weight: 5% to 100% of waste prepreg powder, and 0% to 95% of waste electronic circuit board powder.
  • the raw material for preparing the plate further comprises an epoxy plastic article or a phenolic product waste powder in a weight percentage of 1% to 90%, and the sum of the percentages of all the components is 100%.
  • the waste prepreg powder in the present invention refers to the raw material of the scrap material, the corner material or the stock expired prepreg waste generated by the prepreg manufacturer and the electronic circuit board manufacturer during the trimming process of the prepreg, or the above two types. Or the three kinds of recycled materials are mixed in any proportion; the waste electronic circuit board powder refers to the edge material, the corner material generated by the electronic circuit board manufacturer in the processing process such as the cutting edge of the circuit board, and the inventory expires
  • the non-metallic powder that has been discarded after the single-sided circuit board, the double-sided circuit board, the multi-layer circuit board, and the copper-clad laminate are crushed and absorbed by metal may be any of the above two or more types of waste electronic circuit boards.
  • the waste plastic powder or phenolic plastic waste material refers to a powder made of recycled waste epoxy resin products or waste phenolic plastic products, including: the shipyard adopts fiber in ship construction Reinforced plastics made of structural materials or functional materials during the process of cutting materials or grinding powder, epoxy resin model manufacturers in the production of clothing model props
  • the blanks produced by blanking and blanking, as well as the waste generated by grinding, the aerospace factory uses epoxy resin composites or phenolic resin composites to make light aircraft body structural parts or tails, satellite antennas, bulletproof boards, rocket nozzles, etc.
  • the factory produces scraps and grinding powders in the process of producing epoxy resin sports articles such as snowboards, golf clubs, tennis rackets, etc. or phenolic resin plastic sporting goods.
  • the electrical and electronic manufacturing plant is producing electrical structures such as bearings, fan blades, and power tool casings. Scraps and abrasive powders produced during the process of materials or electrical insulation.
  • the invention mainly adopts waste prepreg powder and waste electronic circuit board powder, and the waste prepreg is from waste scrap produced by the prepreg production and processing, and the waste electronic circuit board powder is from the electronic line.
  • the scrap material waste produced by the production and processing of the road plate realizes the recycling and reuse of the scrap scrap produced by the production and processing of the prepreg and the scrap scrap produced by the production and processing of the electronic circuit board, and solves the waste generated by a large amount of industrial production.
  • the invention is also made of an epoxy plastic product or a phenolic plastic product waste powder, which is from a shipyard, an epoxy resin model manufacturing factory, an aerospace factory, an automobile manufacturing factory, a sporting goods.
  • the prepreg is mainly made of epoxy resin and glass fiber cloth or glass fiber mesh, and the content of epoxy resin accounts for 20%-80%, the epoxy resin has excellent bonding strength, and will be subjected to hot pressing. Melting to produce a good bond with other components, can bring other glue adhesives, not only reduce the use of glue adhesive, or even add glue adhesive.
  • the waste electronic circuit board powder mainly contains epoxy resin and glass fiber
  • the phenolic resin product is mainly phenolic resin, epoxy resin, phenolic resin and glass fiber, so that the obtained plate has high strength.
  • toughness also has excellent heat resistance, insulation, chemical stability and dimensional stability, corrosion resistance.
  • the raw material for preparing the plate further comprises a stone powder of 1% to 80% by weight, and the sum of the percentages of all the components is 100%, and the stone powder is made of waste produced by marble mining or processing.
  • stone powder as an auxiliary material not only realizes the recycling and reuse of waste generated during marble mining or processing, but also the stone powder can occupy the volume, improve the rigidity of the plate and reduce the cost, reduce the shrinkage rate of the plate, and improve the mechanics of the plate. Performance, improving the hardness and specific modulus of the material.
  • the raw material for preparing the sheet further comprises 1% to 45% by weight of PVC powder and/or PE powder and/or HDPE powder, and the sum of the percentages of all the components is 100%.
  • the PVC powder and/or PE powder and/or HDPE powder is one or more of PVC powder, PE powder, and HDPE powder.
  • the PVC powder may be a new PVC material, and may also be made by recycling waste PVC plastic, which may be a new PE material, or may be made by recycling waste PE plastic, the HDPE.
  • the powder can be made of HDPE new material. It can also be made by recycling waste HDPE.
  • PVC, PE and HDPE are all thermoplastics, which can increase the mechanical strength and dielectric properties of the board. Add PVC powder, PE powder or main raw materials. HDPE powder also makes the lamination process easier to form.
  • the raw material for preparing the plate further comprises straw bamboo powder of 1% to 80% by weight, and the sum of the percentages of all the components is 100%, and the straw bamboo powder is straw powder and wood saw powder. Or one or more of the bamboo saw powder.
  • the straw bamboo powder is controlled to have a moisture content of not more than 4% to 10% of the powder, and the straw bamboo powder realizes recycling and recycling of crop straw, wood saw powder and bamboo saw powder, plant fiber, Wood fiber and bamboo fiber can improve the water absorption, shrinkage and compressive strength of the board.
  • the raw material for preparing the sheet further comprises 1% to 20% by weight of the chemical fiber powder, and the sum of the percentages of all the components is 100%.
  • the addition of the chemical fiber is used to increase the tensile strength and elasticity of the sheet, and also to improve the heat resistance and wear resistance of the sheet, and also to reduce the proportion of the glue used.
  • the raw material for preparing the sheet further comprises calcium carbonate powder in an amount of 1% to 80% by weight, and the sum of the percentages of all the components is 100%.
  • the calcium carbonate powder is used as a filler, which not only increases the volume of the product, reduces the production cost, but also acts as a reinforcing agent and increases the dimensional stability of the sheet.
  • the raw material for preparing the sheet further comprises 0.01% to 20% by weight of copper powder, and the sum of the percentages of all the components is 100%.
  • the copper powder is used to increase the thermal conductivity of the sheet and is suitable for producing geothermal floor.
  • the raw material for preparing the sheet further comprises aluminum powder in an amount of 0.01% to 20% by weight, and the sum of the percentages of all the components is 100%.
  • the aluminum powder is used to increase the fire resistance of the board.
  • the raw material for preparing the plate further comprises a glue of 1% to 20% by weight.
  • the mixture, and the sum of the percentages of all the components is 100%
  • the glue binder includes one or more of a phenol resin sol, an epoxy resin sol, an isocyanate sol, and a polyvinyl alcohol gel.
  • the glue adhesive can be increased to increase the strength of the board.
  • the raw material for preparing the plate further includes an additive of 1% to 10% by weight, and the sum of the percentages of all the components is 100%, and the additive is a toner, a lubricant, an ultraviolet ray inhibitor, and an antioxidant.
  • the additive is a toner, a lubricant, an ultraviolet ray inhibitor, and an antioxidant.
  • the toner is used to adjust the color of the plate, and the anti-UV agent, antioxidant, reinforcing agent, carbide stabilizer, and coupling agent are added according to the use environment or product special requirements.
  • the raw material for preparing the plate material comprises the following components by weight: 5% to 95% of waste prepreg powder, 1% to 95% of waste electronic circuit board powder, 1% of epoxy plastic product or phenolic plastic product waste powder ⁇ 90%, stone powder 0% ⁇ 80%, PVC powder and/or PE powder and/or HDPE powder 0% ⁇ 45%, copper powder 0% ⁇ 20%, aluminum powder 0% ⁇ 20%, toner 0% ⁇ 5 %, straw bamboo powder 0% ⁇ 80%, chemical fiber powder 0% ⁇ 20%, calcium carbonate powder 0% ⁇ 80%, glue binder 0% ⁇ 20%, antioxidant 0% ⁇ 1%, enhancer 0% to 1%, carbide stabilizer 0% to 1%, coupling agent 0% to 5%, wherein the sum of the percentages of all components is 100%.
  • the raw material for preparing the plate material comprises the following components by weight: 5% to 80% of waste prepreg powder, 1% to 70% of waste electronic circuit board powder, 1% of epoxy plastic product or phenolic plastic product waste powder ⁇ 70%, stone powder 1% ⁇ 50%, PVC powder and/or PE powder and/or HDPE powder 1% ⁇ 45%, copper powder 0.01% ⁇ 1%, aluminum powder 0.01% ⁇ 1%, toner 0.01% ⁇ 1%, straw bamboo powder 1% ⁇ 40%, chemical fiber powder 1% ⁇ 20%, calcium carbonate powder 1% ⁇ 10%, glue binder 1% ⁇ 10%, antioxidant 0% ⁇ 1%, enhanced
  • the agent is 0% to 1%
  • the carbide stabilizer is 0% to 1%
  • the coupling agent is 0% to 1%.
  • FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of an embodiment of a method for forming a composite epoxy resin sheet according to the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a method of forming a composite epoxy resin sheet comprising:
  • the preparation process of the waste prepreg powder is: recovery of the production process of the prepreg
  • the scrap material is prepared by crushing and grinding and removing metal
  • the preparation process of the waste electronic circuit board powder is: recycling scraps produced by the production and processing of the electronic circuit board and waste electronic circuit boards, which are made by crushing and grinding and removing metal.
  • the preparation process of the epoxy plastic product or the phenolic plastic product waste powder is: recycling waste epoxy plastic products or phenolic plastic products, and scraps and grinding powders produced by the production process of epoxy plastic products or phenolic plastic products, after crushing and grinding, Made by removing metal;
  • the prepreg produced by different manufacturers comprises a semi-cured epoxy resin in a weight ratio of 20% to 80%, and most preferably, the prepreg contains a semi-cured ring in a weight ratio of 48% to 80%.
  • Oxygen resin The epoxy plastic article or the phenolic plastic product waste powder contains a thermosetting phenolic resin in a weight ratio of 40% to 80%.
  • the corresponding addition ratio can be adjusted according to different sources of epoxy plastic products or phenolic plastic products waste.
  • the waste electronic circuit board powder needs to be dried before being added, and the controlled moisture does not exceed 4% to 10%.
  • the material is flattened into a billet by a paving device, and the thickness is set to any thickness between 1 mm and 30 mm, and the fixed density is 800 kg/m 3 to 2200 kg/m 3 , and the width of the specification is 600 mm to 2440 mm.
  • the length is from 800mm to 4880mm, and then pre-pressed to form a slab, and then the prepared slab is fed into a press through a steel plate or an aluminum plate or an epoxy resin plate for pressurization, and the press is circulated through the heat transfer oil.
  • heating temperature is 100 ° C ⁇ 250 ° C
  • pressurization time is 0.5 minutes to 1 minute, then after standing for 1 minute to 3 minutes, 2 times of pressure is applied, when the pressure compensation time lasts 4 minutes to 90 minutes, the exhaust is exhausted Pressing, thereby pressing forming;
  • the press can be a single laminating machine or a multi-layer laminating machine, and a pressure of 1000 to 5000 tons is selected, and each layer of the multi-layer laminating machine can simultaneously press 1 to 3 slab presses to be full. After the slab is simultaneously pressurized, it can also be a continuous press with a pressure of 1 to 5000 tons.
  • the raw material prepared by the step S1 is sent to an extruder for extrusion molding
  • the raw material prepared by the step S1 is first sent to an internal mixer for heating and mixing, and then sent to a press machine for press forming;
  • step S3 the plate pressed in step S2 is pulled out, trimmed, and stacked for health.
  • the trimming edge includes a transverse trimming edge and a longitudinal trimming edge, and the sheet material is cut into a rectangular sheet material.
  • the sanding is to smooth the surface of the board, and the board is inspected for smoothness and no damage, and then cleaned and packaged into the warehouse.
  • the invention adopts the waste prepreg as the main preparation raw material, reduces or even replaces the use of the sol, and only needs to mix and mix various preparation raw materials uniformly, does not mix with the sol stirring, simplifies the production process, and has high production efficiency.
  • the sheet has good dimensional stability and excellent bond strength.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a composite epoxy resin floor or decorative panel according to the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a composite epoxy floor or decorative panel comprising a core 1, a surface decorative layer 3 bonded to both sides of the core, and a balancing layer 6, the core being any of the above Composite epoxy resin sheet as described.
  • the front surface of the core 1 is sequentially attached to the upper surface decorative layer 3 and the wear layer 2, and the upper surface is sequentially laminated with the upper balance paper 6 and the cushion pad 7, and the surface decorative layer 3 is bonded to the core 1 through the adhesive layer 5.
  • the cushion 7 is bonded to the balance paper 6 by the adhesive layer 5.
  • the wear layer 2 may be a melamine resin containing aluminum oxide and polyurethane, or may be a UV paint.
  • the adhesive layer 5 is a PU adhesive or an epoxy adhesive, and may also be a hot-melt adhesive or a waterproof adhesive.
  • the PU adhesive is fire-resistant and water-resistant, and is not affected by moisture.
  • the main function of the balance paper 6 on the board is to improve the mechanical properties of the board so that the sheet is not easily deformed.
  • the cushion 7 can be made of cork, rubber or styrofoam to improve the comfort of the foot.
  • the surface decorative layer is veneer or melamine paper or stone board or ceramic tile or rubber or lin
  • the bending strength of the composite epoxy resin sheet proposed by the invention can reach 30 MPa, and the flexural modulus can reach 6 GPa, which can only reach 25 MPa to 27 MPa compared with the conventional ordinary high-density fiberboard.
  • the flexural modulus of elasticity can only reach 4 GPa to 4.5 GPa, and the strength of the composite epoxy resin sheet of the present invention is greatly improved and is not easily deformed.

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Abstract

一种复合环氧树脂板材，其制备原料包括以下重量百分比的组分：废半固化片粉5％～100％，废电子线路板粉0％～95％。采用废旧半固化片作为主要制备原料，不仅实现了对半固化片边角料的回收再利用，而且由于半固化片中环氧树脂的含量非常高，且环氧树脂具有优异的粘结强度，能够代替其它的胶水粘合剂，不仅减少了胶水粘合剂的使用，甚至不用添加胶水粘合剂，而且在成形过程中减少了混胶的时间，简化了成形工艺。

Description

复合环氧树脂板材及其成形方法 技术领域
本发明属于非金属复合材料技术领域，具体涉及一种复合环氧树脂板材及其成形方法。
背景技术
板材按成形类型分可分为实木板、纤维板、刨花板等。强化板材是以一层或多层专用纸浸渍热固性氨基树脂，铺装在刨花板、纤维板等人造板基材表层，背面加平衡层、正面加耐磨层后，经热压成形的板材。这种强化板材由于价格实惠、防污、耐磨，且能印刷多种花色，所以已占很大市场份额。然而实木板和强化板材都有一个非常明显的缺点：当持续暴露于潮湿的环境中，其性能会变差，受潮湿会发生膨胀弯曲，导致表面不平整，甚至地板与地板之间出现缝隙，板材内的纤维板或刨花板会分解，从而造成永久的、不可修复的破坏。
同时，由于实木板和强化板材这些传统板材使用了木材，导致全球森林资源收到严重恶劣的砍伐，影响了全球生态环境的保护，现在全球木制品行业的产品每天都在涨价，限制了原来的木制品行业装饰材料的发展。
另一方面，随着工业生产的不断发展，节能环保、低碳排放等问题越来越被全球重视，半固化片(PP片)、电木、电子线路板、石材、PVC、PE、HDPE等工业生产边角料或打磨产生的粉料等废料的处理问题已成为当今社会急需解决的问题。
专利CN102686667B公开了一种利用废电子线路板粉制造的防水防火零碳生态板材及其制造工艺，其制备原料包括如下重量的百分比：废电子线路板粉70％～90％，酚醛树脂胶7％～12％，化学纤维3％～22％。该方案虽然能对废旧电子线路板进行回收，但是在成形过程中需要添加酚醛树脂胶作为胶水粘合剂才能复合成具有一定强度的板材。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的是提供一种复合环氧树脂板材，旨在解决现有的板材受潮湿容易分解变质性能差及现有的利用废电子线路板粉制造的板材成形工艺复杂的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提出一种复合环氧树脂板材，其制备原料包括以下重量百分比的组分：废半固化片粉5％～100％，废电子线路板粉0％～95％。
优选地，所述板材的制备原料还包括重量百分比为1％～90％的环氧塑料制品或酚醛塑料制品废料粉，且所有组分的百分比之和为100％。
优选地，所述板材的制备原料还包括重量百分比为1％～80％的石粉，且所有组分的百分比之和为100％，所述石粉由大理石开采或加工产生的废料制成。
优选地，所述板材的制备原料还包括重量百分比为1％～45％的PVC粉和/或PE粉和/或HDPE粉，且所有组分的百分比之和为100％。
优选地，所述板材的制备原料还包括重量百分比为1％～80％的秸秆竹木粉，且所有组分的百分比之和为100％，所述秸秆竹木粉为秸秆粉、木质锯粉或竹质锯粉中的一种或多种。
优选地，所述板材的制备原料还包括重量百分比为1％～20％的化工纤维粉，且所有组分的百分比之和为100％。
优选地，所述板材的制备原料还包括重量百分比为1％～80％的碳酸钙粉，且所有组分的百分比之和为100％。
优选地，所述板材的制备原料还包括重量百分比为0.01％～20％的铜粉，且所有组分的百分比之和为100％。
优选地，所述板材的制备原料还包括重量百分比为0.01％～20％的铝粉，且所有组分的百分比之和为100％。
优选地，所述板材的制备原料还包括重量百分比为1％～20％的胶水粘合剂，且所有组分的百分比之和为100％，所述胶水粘合剂包括酚醛树脂溶胶、环氧树脂溶胶、异氰酸酯溶胶、聚乙烯醇胶中的一种或多种。
优选地，所述板材的制备原料还包括重量百分比为1％～10％的添加剂， 且所有组分的百分比之和为100％，所述添加剂为色粉、润滑剂、抗紫外线剂、抗氧化剂、增强剂、碳化物稳定剂、防霉剂、耦合剂中的一种或多种。
优选地，所述板材的制备原料包括以下重量百分比的组分：废半固化片粉5％～95％，废电子线路板粉1％～95％，环氧塑料制品或酚醛塑料制品废料粉1％～90％，石粉0％～80％，PVC粉和/或PE粉和/或HDPE粉0％～45％，铜粉0％～20％，铝粉0％～20％，色粉0％～5％，秸秆竹木粉0％～80％，化工纤维粉0％～20％，碳酸钙粉0％～80％，胶水粘合剂0％～20％，抗氧化剂0％～1％，增强剂0％～1％，碳化物稳定剂0％～1％，耦合剂0％～5％,其中所有组分的百分比之和为100％。
优选地，所述板材的制备原料包括以下重量百分比的组分：废半固化片粉5％～80％，废电子线路板粉1％～70％，环氧塑料制品或酚醛塑料制品废料粉1％～70％，石粉1％～50％，PVC粉和/或PE粉和/或HDPE粉1％～45％，铜粉0.01％～1％，铝粉0.01％～1％，色粉0.01％～1％，秸秆竹木粉1％～40％，化工纤维粉1％～20％，碳酸钙粉1％～10％，胶水粘合剂1％～10％，抗氧化剂0％～1％，增强剂0％～1％，碳化物稳定剂0％～1％，耦合剂0％～1％。
本发明还提出一种复合环氧树脂板材的成形方法，包括：
S1，将如上述任一项所述的复合环氧树脂板材的制备原料混合并搅拌均匀；
S2，压制成形，所述压制成形为：
S21，将步骤S1搅拌好的制备原料送入铺装机进行预压，制成板坯，然后将制好的板坯送入压机内压制成形，
或者，S22，将步骤S1搅拌好的制备原料送入挤出机内挤压成形，
或者，S23，将步骤S1搅拌好的制备原料先送入密炼机进行加热密炼，再送至压圆机压制成形；
S3，将步骤S2压制好的板材拉出后切边、堆放养生。
优选地，所述废半固化片粉的制备过程为：回收半固化片生产加工产生的边角料，经过破碎研磨、吸除金属后制成；所述废电子线路板粉的制备过程为：回收电子线路板生产加工产生的边角料以及废旧电子线路板，经过破 碎研磨、吸除金属后制成；所述环氧塑料制品或酚醛塑料制品废料粉的制备过程为：回收废旧环氧塑料制品或酚醛塑料制品以及环氧塑料制品或酚醛塑料制品生产加工产生的边角料、打磨粉，经过破碎研磨、吸除金属后制成；
优选地，所述步骤S21中，将板坯送入压机内压制成形的步骤包括：
将板坯通过钢板或铝板或环氧树脂板承载送入压机内进行加压，压机通过导热油循环传热，加热温度为100℃～250℃，压机同步闭合加压0.5分钟～1分钟，然后静置1分钟～3分钟后进行2次补压，当补压时间持续4分钟～90分钟后排气泄压。
优选地，所述步骤S3，将板材拉出后切边、堆放养生的步骤之后还包括：S4，对板材进行砂光、检验、清洁、入库。
本发明还提出一种复合环氧树脂地板或装饰板，包括板芯、分别粘接于板芯两面的表面装饰层和平衡层，所述板芯为上述任一项所述的复合环氧树脂板材。
与现有技术相比，本发明技术方案的有益效果：
一、本发明主要采用废半固化片粉、废电子线路板粉制成，所述废半固化片来自半固化片生产加工产生的边角料废料，所述废电子线路板粉来自电子线路板生产加工产生的边角料废料，实现了对半固化片生产加工产生的边角料废料、电子线路板生产加工产生的边角料废料的回收再利用，解决了大量工业生产产生的废弃物。
二、本发明还采用环氧塑料制品或酚醛塑料制品废料粉制成，所述环氧塑料制品或酚醛塑料制品废料粉来自造船厂、环氧树脂模特制造厂、航空航天工厂、汽车制造厂、体育用品制造厂、电子电器制造厂产生的热固性塑料废弃物，包括边角料或打磨产生的粉料，实现了对任何环氧塑料制品或酚醛塑料制品废料的回收再利用。
三、由于半固化片主要由环氧树脂和玻璃纤维布或玻璃纤维网制成，且其中环氧树脂的含量占了20％-80％，半固化态的环氧树脂具有优异的粘结强度，受热压时会熔化从而与其他组分产生很好的结合力，能够带其它的胶水粘合剂，不仅减少了胶水粘合剂的使用，甚至不用添加胶水粘合剂。
四、所述废电子线路板粉也主要含有环氧树脂及玻璃纤维，所述酚醛树脂制品主要为酚醛树脂，环氧树脂、酚醛树脂和玻璃纤维使得所制得的板材具有较高的强度、韧性，还具有优良的耐热性、绝缘性、化学稳定性和尺寸稳定性，耐腐蚀。
五、本发明还采用石粉作为辅料使用，不仅实现了对大理石开采或加工过程中产生的废料的回收再利用，而且石粉能占据体积发挥作用，提高板材的刚性并降低成本，降低板材的收缩率，改善板材的力学性能，提高材料的硬度和比模量。
六、本发明还可以添加PVC、PE、HDPE热塑性塑料，能增加板材的机械强度和介电性能，并使板材的复合过程更加容易成型。
七、本发明采用碳酸钙粉用作填充剂，不仅能增加产品的体积、降低生产成本，而且能起到补强作用，并增加板材的尺寸稳定性。
八、本发明还可采用铜粉或铝粉作为填料加入制备原料中，所述铜粉的导热性能好，所述铝粉的防火性能好，均能提高板材的导热率。
九、本发明还可在制备原料中添加多种添加剂来改善板材性能，如：抗氧化剂能抑制板材在加工或应用过程中的老化，增强剂能提高树脂的分散性和流动性，碳化物稳定剂也是为了防止或抑制板材的老化，润滑剂能减少压制成形过程中粉料颗粒之间的互相摩擦，减轻脱模难度。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图示出的结构获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明提出的复合环氧树脂板材的成形方法的一实施例的工艺流程图。
图2为本发明提出的复合环氧树脂地板或装饰板的一实施例的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步说明。在此需要说明的是，对于这些实施方式的说明用于帮助理解本发明，但并不构成对本发明的限定。此外，下面所描述的本发明各个实施方式中所涉及的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互组合。
本发明提出一种复合环氧树脂板材，其制备原料包括以下重量百分比的组分：废半固化片粉5％～100％，废电子线路板粉0％～95％。
优选地，所述板材的制备原料还包括重量百分比为1％～90％的环氧塑料制品或酚醛塑料制品废料粉，且所有组分的百分比之和为100％。
本发明中所述废半固化片粉是指回收半固化片生产厂家、电子线路板生产厂家在半固化片裁边过程中产生的边料、角料或者库存过期半固化片废料制成的料粉，也可以是上述两种或三种的回收料经任意比例混合而成的料粉；所述废电子线路板粉是指电子线路板生产厂家在电路板裁边等加工工序中产生的边料、角料以及由于库存过期原因废弃的单面电路板、双面电路板、多层电路板、覆铜板经破碎、吸除金属后研磨成的非金属料粉，也可以是上述任两种以上的废电子线路板经任意比例混合而成的回收料粉；所述环氧塑料制品或酚醛塑料制品废料粉是指回收废弃环氧树脂制品或废弃酚醛塑料制品制成的料粉，包括：造船厂在船舶建造中采用纤维增强树脂塑料做结构材料或功能材料过程中产生的切割料或打磨粉，环氧树脂模特制造厂在服装模特道具生产中制坯和修坯产生的下脚料以及打磨产生的废料，航天航空工厂在采用环氧树脂复合材料或酚醛树脂复合材料做轻型飞机机体结构件或尾翼、卫星天线、防弹板、火箭喷管等零部件加工过程中产生的下脚料及打磨粉，汽车制造厂在采用纤维增强酚醛塑料或纤维增强环氧塑料制造车身、引擎盖或保险杠等汽车零部件过程中产生的下脚料及打磨粉，体育用品制造厂在生产滑雪板、高尔夫球杆、网球拍等环氧树脂塑料体育用品或酚醛树脂塑料体育用品过程中产生的下脚料及打磨粉，电子电器制造厂在生产轴承、风扇叶、电动工具外壳等电工结构材料或电气绝缘材料过程中产生的下脚料及打磨粉。
本发明主要采用废半固化片粉、废电子线路板粉制成，所述废半固化片来自半固化片生产加工产生的边角料废料，所述废电子线路板粉来自电子线 路板生产加工产生的边角料废料，实现了对半固化片生产加工产生的边角料废料、电子线路板生产加工产生的边角料废料的回收再利用，解决了大量工业生产产生的废弃物。
本发明还采用环氧塑料制品或酚醛塑料制品废料粉制成，所述环氧塑料制品或酚醛塑料制品废料粉来自造船厂、环氧树脂模特制造厂、航空航天工厂、汽车制造厂、体育用品制造厂、电子电器制造厂产生的热固性塑料废弃物，包括边角料或打磨产生的粉料，实现了对任何环氧塑料制品或酚醛塑料制品废料的回收再利用。
同时，由于半固化片主要由环氧树脂和玻璃纤维布或玻璃纤维网制成，且其中环氧树脂的含量占了20％-80％，环氧树脂具有优异的粘结强度，受热压时会熔化从而与其他组分产生很好的结合力，能够带其它的胶水粘合剂，不仅减少了胶水粘合剂的使用，甚至不用添加胶水粘合剂。
再者，所述废电子线路板粉也主要含有环氧树脂及玻璃纤维，所述酚醛树脂制品主要为酚醛树脂，环氧树脂、酚醛树脂和玻璃纤维使得所制得的板材具有较高的强度、韧性，还具有优良的耐热性、绝缘性、化学稳定性和尺寸稳定性，耐腐蚀。
进一步地，所述板材的制备原料还包括重量百分比为1％～80％的石粉，且所有组分的百分比之和为100％，所述石粉由大理石开采或加工产生的废料制成。
采用石粉作为辅料使用，不仅实现了对大理石开采或加工过程中产生的废料的回收再利用，而且石粉能占据体积发挥作用，提高板材的刚性并降低成本，降低板材的收缩率，改善板材的力学性能，提高材料的硬度和比模量。
进一步地，所述板材的制备原料还包括重量百分比为1％～45％的PVC粉和/或PE粉和/或HDPE粉，且所有组分的百分比之和为100％。
所述PVC粉和/或PE粉和/或HDPE粉是PVC粉、PE粉、HDPE粉中的一种或多种。
所述PVC粉可以是PVC新料，还可以通过回收废旧的PVC塑料制成，所述PE粉可以是PE新料，还可以通过回收废旧的PE塑料制成，所述HDPE 粉可以是HDPE新料，还可以通过回收废旧的HDPE制成，PVC、PE、HDPE均是热塑性塑料，能增加板材的机械强度和介电性能，在主要制备原料中加入PVC粉、PE粉或HDPE粉还能使板材的复合过程更加容易成型。
进一步地，所述板材的制备原料还包括重量百分比为1％～80％的秸秆竹木粉，且所有组分的百分比之和为100％，所述秸秆竹木粉为秸秆粉、木质锯粉或竹质锯粉中的一种或多种。
所述秸秆竹木粉经干燥控制水分含量不超过粉料的4％～10％，所述秸秆竹木粉实现了对农作物秸秆、木质锯粉、竹质锯粉的回收再利用，植物纤维、木质纤维和竹质纤维能提高板材的吸水率、抗胀缩率和抗压强度。
进一步地，所述板材的制备原料还包括重量百分比为1％～20％的化工纤维粉，且所有组分的百分比之和为100％。
所述化工纤维的添加用于提高板材的拉伸强度和弹性，还改善板材的耐热性和耐磨性，也能较少胶水的使用比例。
进一步地，所述板材的制备原料还包括重量百分比为1％～80％的碳酸钙粉，且所有组分的百分比之和为100％。
所述碳酸钙粉用作填充剂，不仅能增加产品的体积、降低生产成本，而且能起到补强作用，并增加板材的尺寸稳定性。
进一步地，所述板材的制备原料还包括重量百分比为0.01％～20％的铜粉，且所有组分的百分比之和为100％。
所述铜粉用于增加板材的导热性能，适用于生产地热地板。
进一步地，所述板材的制备原料还包括重量百分比为0.01％～20％的铝粉，且所有组分的百分比之和为100％。
所述铝粉用于增加板材的防火性能。
进一步地，所述板材的制备原料还包括重量百分比为1％～20％的胶水粘 合剂，且所有组分的百分比之和为100％，所述胶水粘合剂包括酚醛树脂溶胶、环氧树脂溶胶、异氰酸酯溶胶、聚乙烯醇胶中的一种或多种。
根据特殊使用环境要求，可适量增加胶水粘合剂来提高板材的强度。
进一步地，所述板材的制备原料还包括重量百分比为1％～10％的添加剂，且所有组分的百分比之和为100％，所述添加剂为色粉、润滑剂、抗紫外线剂、抗氧化剂、增强剂、碳化物稳定剂、防霉剂、耦合剂中的一种或多种。
所述色粉用于调节板材的颜色，所述抗紫外线剂、抗氧化剂、增强剂、碳化物稳定剂、耦合剂均根据使用环境或产品特殊要求添加。
优选地，所述板材的制备原料包括以下重量百分比的组分：废半固化片粉5％～95％，废电子线路板粉1％～95％，环氧塑料制品或酚醛塑料制品废料粉1％～90％，石粉0％～80％，PVC粉和/或PE粉和/或HDPE粉0％～45％，铜粉0％～20％，铝粉0％～20％，色粉0％～5％，秸秆竹木粉0％～80％，化工纤维粉0％～20％，碳酸钙粉0％～80％，胶水粘合剂0％～20％，抗氧化剂0％～1％，增强剂0％～1％，碳化物稳定剂0％～1％，耦合剂0％～5％,其中所有组分的百分比之和为100％。
较佳地，所述板材的制备原料包括以下重量百分比的组分：废半固化片粉5％～80％，废电子线路板粉1％～70％，环氧塑料制品或酚醛塑料制品废料粉1％～70％，石粉1％～50％，PVC粉和/或PE粉和/或HDPE粉1％～45％，铜粉0.01％～1％，铝粉0.01％～1％，色粉0.01％～1％，秸秆竹木粉1％～40％，化工纤维粉1％～20％，碳酸钙粉1％～10％，胶水粘合剂1％～10％，抗氧化剂0％～1％，增强剂0％～1％，碳化物稳定剂0％～1％，耦合剂0％～1％。
图1为本发明提出的复合环氧树脂板材的成形方法的一实施例的工艺流程图。
参照图1，本发明提出一种复合环氧树脂板材的成形方法，包括：
S1，将上述任一项所述的复合环氧树脂板材的制备原料混合并搅拌均匀，
其中，所述废半固化片粉的制备过程为：回收半固化片生产加工产生的 边角料，经过破碎研磨、吸除金属后制成；所述废电子线路板粉的制备过程为：回收电子线路板生产加工产生的边角料以及废旧电子线路板，经过破碎研磨、吸除金属后制成；所述环氧塑料制品或酚醛塑料制品废料粉的制备过程为：回收废旧环氧塑料制品或酚醛塑料制品以及环氧塑料制品或酚醛塑料制品生产加工产生的边角料、打磨粉，经过破碎研磨、吸除金属后制成；
通常地，不同厂家生产的所述半固化片中包含有重量比为20％～80％的半固化环氧树脂，最佳地，所述半固化片中包含有重量比为48％～80％的半固化环氧树脂。所述环氧塑料制品或酚醛塑料制品废料粉中含有重量比为40％～80％的热固酚醛树脂。在制造过程中，可根据不同来源的环氧塑料制品或酚醛塑料制品废料调节相应的添加比例。所述废电子线路板粉在添加之前需进行干燥，控制水分不超过4％～10％。
S2，压制成形，所述压制成形为：
S21，通过铺装设备把原料摊平成坯状，进行定厚，厚度为1mm至30mm之间的任意厚度，定密度为800kg/m3～2200kg/m3,定规格宽度为600mm～2440mm，定长度为800mm～4880mm，再进行预压，制成板坯，然后将制好的将板坯通过钢板或铝板或环氧树脂板承载送入压机内进行加压，压机通过导热油循环传热，加热温度为100℃～250℃，加压时间为0.5分钟～1分钟，然后静置1分钟～3分钟后进行2次补压，当补压时间持续4分钟～90分钟后排气泄压，从而压制成形；其中，所述压机可以为单层压机或多层压机，选用1000～5000吨压力，多层压机每层可同时压制1～3张板坯压机装载满板坯后同时进行加压，也可以为连续式压机，选用1～5000吨压力。
或者为，S22，将步骤S1搅拌好的制备原料送入挤出机内挤压成形；
或者为，S23，将步骤S1搅拌好的制备原料先送入密炼机进行加热密炼，再送至压圆机压制成形；
S3，将步骤S2压制好的板材拉出后切边、堆放养生。
具体地，所述切边包括横向切边和纵向切边，将所述板材切制成矩形板材。
S4，对板材进行砂光、检验、清洁、入库。
所述砂光是使板材表面光滑，检验板材光滑无破损，然后清洁，包装入库。
本发明由于采用了废半固化片作为主要制备原料，减少了甚至替代了溶胶的使用，只需将各种制备原料混合搅拌均匀即可，不用混入溶胶搅拌，简化了生产工序，生产效率高，制成的板材具有良好的尺寸稳定性和优异粘结强度。
图2为本发明提出的复合环氧树脂地板或装饰板的一实施例的结构示意图。
参照图2，本发明提出一种复合环氧树脂地板或装饰板，包括板芯1、分别粘接于板芯两面的表面装饰层3和平衡层6，所述板芯为上述任一项所述的复合环氧树脂板材。
将板芯1正面依次贴合上表面装饰层3和耐磨层2，反面依次贴合上平衡纸6和缓冲垫7，所述表面装饰层3通过粘合层5粘合到板芯1上，所述缓冲垫7通过粘合层5粘合到平衡纸6上。所述耐磨层2可以是含有三氧化二铝和聚氨酯的三聚氰胺树脂，也可以是UV油漆。所述粘合层5是PU胶粘剂或环氧树脂胶，还可以是热熔性粘胶或防水粘胶，PU胶粘剂耐火耐水，不会受潮湿影响板材质量。平衡纸6在板材上的主要作用是提高板材的力学性能，使板材不容易变形。缓冲垫7可以选用软木、橡胶或发泡胶，能提高脚感的舒适度。其中，所述表面装饰层为木皮或三聚氰胺纸或石料板或瓷砖或橡胶或油毡或防火板。
经过反复试验，得到以下原料配方表一满足生产需要。其中的数值为重量百分比记。
表一
Figure PCTCN2017070415-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2017070415-appb-000002
采用上述比例配备原料制备的板材，经检测，规格尺寸为1220mm×2440mm×12mm的本复合环氧树脂板材的最佳性能参数能达到以下值：
性能 复合环氧树脂板材
洛氏硬度(HRC) 105
弯曲强度(MPa) 30
弯曲弹性模量(GPa) 6
拉伸断裂应力(MPa) 17
简支梁无缺口冲击强度(kj/m2) 3.2(C)
压缩强度(MPa) 110
甲醛含量(mg/L) 0.3
其中可以得出，本发明提出的复合环氧树脂板材的弯曲强度可以达到30MPa,弯曲弹性模量可以达到6GPa，相比于现有的普通型高密度纤维板的弯曲强度只能达到25MPa～27MPa、弯曲弹性模量只能达到4GPa～4.5GPa，本发明的复合环氧树脂板材的强度大大提高，且不易变形。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是在本发明的发明构思下，利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构变换，或直接/间接运用在其他相关的技术领域均包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种复合环氧树脂板材，其特征在于，所述板材的制备原料包括以下重量百分比的组分：废半固化片粉5％～100％，废电子线路板粉0％～95％。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的复合环氧树脂板材，其特征在于，所述板材的制备原料还包括重量百分比为1％～90％的环氧塑料制品或酚醛塑料制品废料粉，且所有组分的百分比之和为100％。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的复合环氧树脂板材，其特征在于，所述板材的制备原料还包括重量百分比为1％～80％的石粉，且所有组分的百分比之和为100％，所述石粉由大理石开采或加工产生的废料制成。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的复合环氧树脂板材，其特征在于，所述板材的制备原料还包括重量百分比为1％～45％的PVC粉和/或PE粉和/或HDPE粉，且所有组分的百分比之和为100％。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的复合环氧树脂板材，其特征在于，所述板材的制备原料还包括重量百分比为1％～80％的秸秆竹木粉，且所有组分的百分比之和为100％，所述秸秆竹木粉为秸秆粉、木质锯粉或竹质锯粉中的一种或多种。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的复合环氧树脂板材，其特征在于，所述板材的制备原料还包括重量百分比为1％～20％的化工纤维粉，且所有组分的百分比之和为100％。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的复合环氧树脂板材，其特征在于，所述板材的制备原料还包括重量百分比为1％～80％的碳酸钙粉，且所有组分的百分比之和为100％。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的复合环氧树脂板材，其特征在于，所述板材的制备原料还包括重量百分比为0.01％～20％的铜粉，且所有组分的百分比之和为100％。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的复合环氧树脂板材，其特征在于，所述板材的制备原料还包括重量百分比为0.01％～20％的铝粉，且所有组分的百分比之和为100％。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的复合环氧树脂板材，其特征在于，所述板材的制备原料还包括重量百分比为1％～20％的胶水粘合剂，且所有组分的百分比之和为100％，所述胶水粘合剂包括酚醛树脂溶胶、环氧树脂溶胶、异氰酸酯溶胶、聚乙烯醇胶中的一种或多种。
  11. 如权利要求1所述的复合环氧树脂板材，其特征在于，所述板材的制备原料还包括重量百分比为1％～10％的添加剂，且所有组分的百分比之和为100％，所述添加剂为色粉、润滑剂、抗紫外线剂、抗氧化剂、增强剂、碳化物稳定剂、防霉剂、耦合剂中的一种或多种。
  12. 如权利要求1所述的复合环氧树脂板材，其特征在于，所述板材的制备原料包括以下重量百分比的组分：
    废半固化片粉5％～95％，
    废电子线路板粉1％～95％，
    环氧塑料制品或酚醛塑料制品废料粉1％～90％，
    石粉0％～80％，
    PVC粉和/或PE粉和/或HDPE粉0％～45％，
    铜粉0％～20％，
    铝粉0％～20％，
    色粉0％～5％，
    秸秆竹木粉0％～80％，
    化工纤维粉0％～20％，
    碳酸钙粉0％～80％，
    胶水粘合剂0％～20％，
    抗氧化剂0％～1％，
    增强剂0％～1％，
    碳化物稳定剂0％～1％，
    耦合剂0％～5％,
    其中所有组分的百分比之和为100％。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的复合环氧树脂板材，其特征在于，所述板材的制备原料包括以下重量百分比的组分：
    废半固化片粉5％～80％，
    废电子线路板粉1％～70％，
    环氧塑料制品或酚醛塑料制品废料粉1％～70％，
    石粉1％～50％，
    PVC粉和/或PE粉和/或HDPE粉1％～45％，
    铜粉0.01％～1％，
    铝粉0.01％～1％，
    色粉0.01％～1％，
    秸秆竹木粉1％～40％，
    化工纤维粉1％～20％，
    碳酸钙粉1％～10％，
    胶水粘合剂1％～10％，
    抗氧化剂0％～1％，
    增强剂0％～1％，
    碳化物稳定剂0％～1％，
    耦合剂0％～1％。
  14. 一种复合环氧树脂板材的成形方法，其特征在于，包括下述步骤：
    S1，将如权利要求1-13任一项所述的复合环氧树脂板材的制备原料混合并搅拌均匀；
    S2，压制成形，所述压制成形为：
    S21，将步骤S1搅拌好的制备原料送入铺装机进行预压，制成板坯，然后将制好的板坯送入压机内压制成形，
    或者，S22，将步骤S1搅拌好的制备原料送入挤出机内挤压成形，
    或者，S23，将步骤S1搅拌好的制备原料先送入密炼机进行加热密炼，再送至压圆机压制成形；
    S3，将步骤S2压制好的板材拉出后切边、堆放养生。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的复合环氧树脂板材的成形方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S1中：
    所述废半固化片粉的制备过程为：回收半固化片生产加工产生的边角料，经过破碎研磨、吸除金属后制成；所述废电子线路板粉的制备过程为：回收电子线路板生产加工产生的边角料以及废旧电子线路板，经过破碎研磨、吸除金属后制成；所述环氧塑料制品或酚醛塑料制品废料粉的制备过程为：回收废旧环氧塑料制品或酚醛塑料制品以及环氧塑料制品或酚醛塑料制品生产加工产生的边角料、打磨粉，经过破碎研磨、吸除金属后制成。
  16. 如权利要求14所述的复合环氧树脂板材的成形方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S21中，将板坯送入压机内压制成形的步骤包括：
    将板坯通过钢板或铝板或环氧树脂板承载送入压机内进行加压，压机通过导热油循环传热，加热温度为100℃～250℃，压机同步闭合加压0.5分钟～1分钟，然后静置1分钟～3分钟后进行2次补压，当补压时间持续4分钟～90分钟后排气泄压。
  17. 如权利要求14所述的复合环氧树脂板材的成形方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S3，将板材拉出后切边、堆放养生的步骤之后还包括：
    S4，对板材进行砂光、检验、清洁、入库。
  18. 一种复合环氧树脂地板或装饰板，包括板芯、分别粘接于板芯两面的表面装饰层和平衡层，其特征在于，所述板芯为权利要求1至13任一项所述的复合环氧树脂板材。
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